GOLDER ASSOCIATES CONSULTING SERVICES TO THE MINING INDUSTRY

The Batu Hiju Mine Project, Indonesia

Company Profile

Golder Associates is an employee-owned international group of consulting companies specialising in providing geotechnical engineering and environmental science services for civil engineering and natural resource projects. Founded in Canada in 1960, Golder Associates employs more than 2,700 individuals, including more than 1,600 professional staff, in offices throughout North America, Europe, Australia, South America and Asia.

Golder Associates Main Mining Offices (Mining office named. Other offices denoted with dots) Over the past four decades, Golder Associates has gained extensive experience in diverse fields through the successful completion of thousands of projects. Our company has developed strong and loyal relationships with clients, evident in the fact that 89 percent of our services are for repeat business with existing clients. Through our close working relationship with clients, our professionals have gained a strong understanding of the complex environments in which industry operates. Golder Associates works with clients to ensure that all projects are completed in a timely and effective manner. Golder Associates prides itself on being highly responsive, placing our clients interests at the forefront of all projects.

Company Profile
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Introduction

Golder Associates has a long and continuous involvement with the mining industry. This experience facilitates the delivery of reliable, innovative and cost-effective services to clients around the world. Golder Associates provides an extensive range of engineering and environmental solutions. Teamwork allows us to optimize the design of a project while mitigating its impacts. A broad project vision permits Golder Associates to work with clients to carry these benefits from early stages of mine development through to mine closure and reclamation.

CLIENT

MINE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT

Golder Associates worldwide presence assures clients of access to the latest technologies and to individuals with the experience to know when these technologies can be applied to add value to a project. Through our network of 70 offices, Golder Associates is able to efficiently deliver services to clients worldwide. Over the past four decades, our company has completed thousands of geotechnical and environmental mine projects in more than 110 countries. We staff each office with local staff so that we can better understand and respond to local needs. These individuals are backed by a team of highly regarded specialists who service clients worldwide. Golder Associates recognizes that development of a successful project requires a coordinated response to many complex issues. These issues often need more than simply a good technical solution. They demand a broad understanding of the project and its social, environmental and economic parameters. The Golder Associates team has the skills and industry experience to see the big picture and find the right solution.

Introduction
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Mine Life Cycle

Golder Associates does not view mine development in separate phases; instead, our professionals recognize that actions in each stage of the mine life cycle affect aspects in other areas and that all stages and decisions in mine development are inter-related. Golder Associates mining team emphasizes long-term working partnerships with clients. immediate issues. This permits the team to more effectively plan for future considerations when addressing By working as part of the clients team, Golder Associates is better able to contribute to the end goal of enhancing mine performance by selecting those strategies most likely to meet the clients desired objectives.

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Cash Flow Under Strategy One

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Comparison of the impact of two alternative development strategies on project cash flow

Service Description
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Mine Development

Golder Associates approaches the pre-feasibility stage of a mining project from both a regulatory and an economic perspective. By combining mining and environmental considerations, our mining team is able to effectively understand options for the development of the mineral resource. Golder Associates integrated team of engineers and scientists is able to provide complete pre-feasibility support. At an early stage. Golder Associates efficiently addresses the balance between environmental and engineering issues associated with the development of a mining project. We advocate a holistic approach to the development of new mining projects. Siting, waste management, mining methods, and water resource issues are addressed in conjunction with environmental impact assessment and closure planning. The overall effect of this approach is a mining operation which may be more readily permitted, due to the completeness of the package, be more efficiently mined, due to the integration of all operating parameters, be more cost effective, due to the advance planning undertaken at the start of the mine life, and have limited future closing liabilities.
Environment Processing PROJECT VIABILITY Infrastructure Mine Design

The goal of the Golder Associates is to prepare a cost-effective approach to evaluating, permitting, developing, and closing a mine.
Service Description
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Mine Operations

Using a Systems Approach to operations, Golder Associates is able to integrate many of the aspects of a mine into a single, comprehensive plan. During development, our mining professionals consider the inter-relations of ore location, water resources, facility location, infrastructure, waste management, and closure. During operations, the team considers issues related to mine sequencing, water management, waste management, environmental compliance, and cost-effectiveness. By considering the relationships between these factors, Golder Associates can assist clients in realizing efficiencies in mine operations. The Systems Approach addresses current needs and contributes to the reduction of future liabilities while potentially maximizing ore recovery.

MINE SITE
Tailings

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Mill waste water

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water Storage water water Mine

Discharge Management

discharge

The Systems Approach to mine design incorporates all aspects of a site and its immediate surroundings. Inputs to the system also include capital, materials and people.

Service Description
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Closure and Reclamation

For issues related to closure and reclamation, mines are typically viewed as in one of two categories, these being historic facilities and new facilities. With historic facilities, closure and reclamation planning was typically not undertaken prior to mine development. In these cases, Golder Associates engages in a risk-based approach, with the aim to manage liability and reduce closure costs. For more recently-developed mines, Golder Associates incorporates closure and reclamation plans as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) undertaken in the prefeasibility and planning stages of mine development. This proactive approach allows mine operators to deal with environmental issues before they become liabilities and to develop methods to minimize reclamation costs during the operating life of the mine. Golder Associates is recognized internationally in the fields of reclamation and closure planning and design for closure. Our staff is highly experienced in developing strategies for concurrent implementation during operations, with the objectives of minimizing impacts during mining, as well as minimizing risks and costs associated with closure. Golder Associates approach to reclamation and closure planning is based upon current technologies to achieve physical, chemical, and biological stability within each mine component, during operations, and in the longer term. Our overall aim is to restore pre-mining land use potential and capability, or an acceptable alternative. Golder Associates is able to offer the client highly skilled staff with environmental engineering, biotechnology, ecological, and agronomic expertise. Our Company has an exceptional track record in achieving the highest mine reclamation and closure standards. The ultimate goal of reclamation is to achieve an end land use of equivalent productivity to the pre-disturbance conditions. Golder Associates has the expertise to recommend an appropriate end land use or uses and to quantify productivity requirements based on the chosen end land use. Our professionals can then determine the remediation criteria necessary to achieve the productivity requirements, and select and design the procedures necessary to meet the remediation criteria.
Service Description
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Development of Mining Projects

Pre-feasibility/Feasibility Biophysical and Soil Surveys Cultural Resource Management Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Fisheries and Surface Water Quality Foundation Investigation Pre-development Planning Protection Planning Roads and Pipeline Routing Site Investigations Socio-Economic Impact Assessment Stream dischargement measurements, Westmin Resources in Strathcona Park, British Columbia, Public Consultation Canada Wildlife Investigations Identification of Environmental Aspects Development and Operation Acid Rock Drainage Management Air Quality Monitoring Backfill Systems Blast Monitoring and Design Construction Management and Inspection Risk Assessment Mine Waste Management Construction Materials Environmental Audits and Annual Golder Associates provided an integrated package of Reviews geotechnical services to the Kumtor Gold Mine in Groundwater Protection Kyrgyzstan Heap Leach Facilities, Haul Road Design Mine Water Inflow and Dewatering Open Pit Slope Stability Environmental Management and Information Management Systems Stormwater Management Surface Water Hydrology Tailings Basin Design/Operation Underground Mine Engineering Waste Dump Design Waste Management Water Supply/Water Diversion Structures Water Treatment Mine Closure and Reclamation Mine Closure Monitoring Orphan Site Studies Reclamation

Service Description
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Open Pit Mining

Golder Associates tailors open pit slope and management services to the individual operators technical requirements and manpower availability. Pit slope engineering design and management services encompass a broad range of activities including: pre-feasibility and feasibility level investigations to identify major pit slope design considerations and to provide preliminary design criteria for initial planning and costing purposes; final slope design services where the uncertainties identified at the feasibility stage are quantified to a level required to finalize the pit design and to enable mining to proceed; and pit slope management services including ongoing monitoring of the development and performance of the pit slopes in conjunction with the mine engineering and operating staff. These services enable mine management to quantify the risks and benefits of alternative slope design strategies or remedial options and to make more informed investment and operating decisions.
Golder Associates has been involved in the design and investigation of pit slopes, dewatering systems, blasting programs, and other aspects of the development and operation of the Valley Pit, Highland Valley Copper Mine, British Columbia, Canada.

Golder Associates design approach includes the use of deterministic and probabilistic analyses of slope stability and the use of the numerical modelling techniques as required. These analytical techniques are balanced with many years of practical field experience.

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Underground Mining

Golder Associates approach to underground mine design recognizes the need for integration of a wide range of technical issues with production requirements. Technical input for engineering analysis of mining operations is available, including: pre-feasibility, feasibility, and pre-production level investigations to identify critical underground mine design considerations and to provide estimates of design criteria used for planning and costing purposes, and; ongoing underground mine design and management services for use in improving efficiency and monitoring of underground operations. The range of services available enables the operator to implement new designs, maximize efficiency, and carry out risk management of existing underground mine operations.

Golder Associates provides ongoing technical services to Comincos Sullivan mine including advice on pillar stability, caving mechanics and ground support requirements.

Golder Associates has been involved in aspects of design and/or for geotechnical investigation

underground mines on six continents. Traditional rock mechanics design services such as mining method selection, stope sizing, pillar stability, and determination of ground support requirements are complimented with experience in blasting, determination of backfill requirements, and strategic mine planing. The Golder Associates approach integrates techniques such as numerical modeling and empirical design with a solid base of practical experience in the underground mining industry.

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Backfill Systems

As bulk mining methods become more prominent and mining in general gets deeper and larger, backfilling of stopes has become more widely used to mitigate potential ground control problems and to maximize extraction recovery. Golder Associates has the expertise to fully assess the appropriate form of backfilling, to carry out material-specific tests, and to assist in implementing or adapting an existing backfill system at a given mine site to ensure a successful backfill program. In recent years, paste fill systems have emerged over hydraulic fill and rock fill as a technologically superior and economical backfill method. Golder Associates personnel have been involved in the development of paste fill in Canada since its infancy and have had design input into almost two-thirds of the paste plants constructed around the world. Global testing of various tailings has led to the development of a formidable database of paste characteristics, and enabled Golder Associates to become a world leader in paste technology.

Placement of paste fill in an underground mine.

Through a subsidiary, Golder PasteTec, we are also able to offer full Engineering, Procurement, Construction Management, and Commissioning (EPCMC) services to the mining industry for the design and construction of paste production plants and underground and surface distribution systems. From initial testing and feasibility studies, Golder Associates offers full detailed engineering design, equipment procurement, construction management, commissioning, and training.
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Mine Water Inflow and Dewatering

Quantifying mine water inflows and assessing the significance of such inflows to the operation of a mine is a challenge frequently faced by many mine operators. One of the strength of Golder Associates lies in the integration of our hydrologic, hydrogeologic, and environmental expertise with our extensive mine engineering expertise. Developing a cost-effective solution that can be incorporated into mine operations remains the key to our approach for controlling and managing mine water inflows.

Installation of deep pit dewatering wells at Valley Pit, Highland Valley Copper Mine, British Columbia, Canada.

Our assessment of mine water inflows encompasses detailed field investigations, interpretation of well testing and hydrologic data, and the application of appropriate computer models to evaluate inflows and design water control systems. Investigations and analyses are supported by a wide variety of specialists such as hydrogeochemists, fracture flow modellers, hydrologists, and hydrotechnical engineers.

Service Description
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Blast Monitoring and Design

Golder Associates has a team of specialists providing services for all aspects of drilling and blasting operations. Our blasting engineers work closely with a mining team to integrate drilling and blasting with the entire mining operation. These specialists have completed consulting assignments throughout the world and can provide a multi-disciplinary team for difficult problems.
High-speed photography used in conjunction with advanced blast monitoring for blast design.

The design of drilling and blasting projects requires a thorough understanding of the complex relationship between rock and the explosive energy. In recognition of this, Golder Associates Modern incorporates these factors into each blast design.

classification systems are used to describe rock mass, specialized blasting software is used to evaluate designs, and advanced technological instruments are used to understand the blasting process. Blasts can be designed to achieve wall control, fine fragmentation, desired heave, and/or low environmental impact. Our team undertakes advanced monitoring of blast energy, utilizing instruments and data analysis software, to provide a rational basis for modifying and optimizing designs. Drift stope surveying, hole deviation measurements, and fragmentation analysis are also conducted to provide a complete picture of the blasting process. The goal of optimization is economic and operation benefits, such as reduced drilling and explosive costs, improved fragmentation, reduced rock damage, and enhanced productivity. In our experience, effective monitoring and evaluation programs can result in cost savings in the range of 10 to 30 percent.

Service Description
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Tailings Basin Design

Golder Associates has extensive experience in tailings disposal facility design and feasibility studies for mining projects. The work has included site selection, basin planning, tailings deposition water management, environmental impact assessment, design and construction management for dams, and drainage works. The disposal system layout and dam design are carried out to evaluate alternative systems to optimize tailings storage requirements, to meet regulatory standards for limiting contaminants migration, and to ensure dam stability under static and seismic conditions during operation and post-closure. Golder Associates has a

number of computer-aided design and analytical tools to assist in data reduction of the field information, stability analysis of the dam, tailings deposition planning, of and determination
Dam C at Placer Domes Musselwhite Mine, looking west from access road. Emergency spillway in the foreground.

seepage

flows through the dam and foundation soils as well as regional hydrogeological modelling. Our professionals are actively involved with mine

decommissioning projects. Typical services provided for these projects include the preparation of closure plan, risk assessment, assistance in regulatory compliance, decommissioning design, cost estimate, reclamation, and guidelines for care and maintenance. The objective of the plans is to secure the overall system, and to minimize or avoid environmental impacts and liabilities after abandonment. Golder Associates has assisted with the implementation and completion of many tailings projects ranging from base metals mines to uranium facilities.

Service Description
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Tailings Basin Operating Plans

Golder Associates services for tailings basin operating plans include dam design, preparation of construction drawings and specifications, and on-site inspection services during dam construction. Golder Associates also provides services for operational planning including: geochemical and physical characterization of tailings materials to determine the optimum disposal strategy; tailings deposition planning to optimize basin filling while minimizing construction requirements; detailed water balance modelling of the tailings facility to determine treatment requirements and to plan staged construction of perimeter tailings dams; annual reviews of tailings basin operation which include annual water balance modelling, deposition planning, reviews of dam stability, and projections of pond and tailings levels which are used for scheduling dam construction.

Golder Associates has been involved in the design and operation of the Williams Mine Tailings Basin near Hemlo, Ontario since the project inception. Involvement has included geotechnical, geological, and hydrogeological investigations, dam design, construction inspection, tailings deposition planning, water balance modelling, and annual review of basin operation.

Golder Associates utilizes in-house and proprietary computer models for water balance modelling, slope stability, and tailings deposition modelling. These computer models allow the required modelling and sensitivity analyses to be carried out rapidly.

Service Description
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Waste Dump Design

The largest component of the waste stream generated from open pit mining is the waste rock. Minimizing the costs associated with disposing this material in physically and chemically stable dumps is becoming a significant factor that effects both the economic and technical viability of todays major mining projects. Golder Associates offers comprehensive services for nonimpounding mine waste disposal systems. These services include: site selection studies that are aimed at minimizing haulage costs together with minimizing the risks associated with potential instability; haul road design; dump foundations investigations and stability assessments; design of surface water diversion and sediment control structures; evaluation of the potential impacts of dump leaching; stability monitoring and review during operation; and development of reclamation plans. These services are integrated starting at the feasibility level and are carried through to closure and reclamation. The level of effort is tailored to suit the clients need for manpower and specialist expertise, particularly during the operating phase.

South spoils at the Fording Coal Ltd.s Fording River Operations, British Columbia.

Service Description
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Groundwater Protection Studies

Golder Associates employs a broad range of geological and geophysical technologies to assess the groundwater resources of an area. Our team of water resources engineers and environmental scientists assess the relative risks of impacts to the environment of point and non-point source discharges and ensure compliance with environmental requirements. Our assessment is generally carried out based on detailed field studies and the application of hydraulic engineering, water quality models and aquatic resources computer models.
Golder Associates investigated the hydrogeological conditions of the west stockpile of the Chino Mines facility in Bayard, New Mexico as part of the renewal of the companys Discharge Plan.

Impact studies are conducted using analytical techniques that include a comprehensive suite of in-house computer models for groundwater flow and solute transport. Services typically include cost-benefit analysis for groundwater sources, evaluation of meteorological data, interpretation of satellite imagery and remote sensing data, regional geologic studies, groundwater and surface water interaction analysis, site investigation and pumping tests, and analysis of groundwater availability using proprietary and commercial state-of-the-art modelling techniques.

Service Description
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Surface Water Hydrology

Golder Associates recognizes that the integration of sound water management practices with planning and operation will enhance operational efficiency and reduce risks to both the operator and the environment. Golder Associates offers a comprehensive range of mine water management services including: control and management of mine water inflows studies to quantify mine water inflows and assess the significance of such inflows; water balance to assess both the quality and quantity of all impacts and releases from the operation; mine water effluent treatment services including both active and passive treatment technologies; impact evaluation studies to assess the relative risks of impacts to the environment of point and non-point source discharges, as well as to ensure compliance with environmental requirements; water supply studies to ensure a viable water supply for mine projects; and assessments of water quality characterization and treatment requirements to quantify the acid generating potential of a project. Golder Associates utilizes mine geochemists, treatment environmental engineers, experts, scientists to water and the

development and implementation of management strategies for water quality issues associated with all aspects of mining.

Service Description
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Water Supply Services

Ensuring a viable water supply is, in many cases, the most critical issue facing mine operators/planners. The challenge lies in assessing the total water resources, both surface water and groundwater, to ensure development of an optimum supply. Constraints to such development may be imposed by the limited supplies available or from competing requirements. Golder Associates can draw on extensive hydrologic, civil engineering, and hydrogeological expertise to evaluate and develop wellfields and surface water reservoirs. For example, the impacts associated with water supply sources are evaluated by our environmental scientists and engineers who may be faced with such problems as assessing the impact on aquatic habitat of reduced baseflow or the potential for erosion associated with reduced lake levels. The consideration of these impacts leads to an improved water management strategy to minimize the risk of supply disruption and support the development of a proactive environmental program.
Golder Associates completed field investigations and prepared preliminary design drawings for the Maggie Creek Dam and Reservoir, constructed adjacent to Newmont Gold Companys Gold Quarry pit facilities, Carlin, Nevada.

Our professionals have worked on developing water resources in a variety of environments including arid climates, fractured crystalline geologic terrain, karstic regions, and areas comprised of sedimentary deposits. Using geophysical methods, satellite imagery, and other indirect techniques, we are able to efficiently and effectively evaluate the water resource potential of a target area. Golder Associates uses the combined skills of its professionals to optimize the development of the resource while minimizing the effects of this development on the environment.

Service Description
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Water Diversion Structures

Golder Associates provides designs for water diversion and control features for new and existing mine projects, beginning with prefeasibility studies, through site investigations, final design, and construction. Our mining team also conducts environment site investigations and supports projects with impact assessments and mitigation plans. Mine water control is often a primary factor in optimizing the siting of the major project features including the water supply, waste dumps, and tailings disposal facilities. In some cases, the feasibility of the entire project can turn on the cost and/or technical feasibility of a river diversion if the pit is within a river channel. More frequently, the work involves design of simple freshwater diversion ditches and channels around project features. Tailings impoundment water control is critical in wet climates to prevent accumulation of excess pond water. In dry climates, water storage is critical to a dependable water supply for a mine or mill. This requires design of dams, ditches, and other water control systems. For closure of existing sites with ARD, Golder Associates has designed elaborate water control systems using multiple dams and reservoirs, underground workings for storage and conveyance, caps and covers, piping systems with pumps and backup power supplies, concrete channels with stilling basins, and other features which serve to divert freshwater around sources of potential contamination, and to collect potentially contaminated flows for treatment. Where flows are seasonal, storage is provided to produce a more uniform flow to the water treatment facilities. We provide complete design and construction management services for water diversion from complex analyses to design, cost estimating, CQA, and related final design services.

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Construction Materials

The often remote location of mines implies that significant cost savings can be achieved, particularly during mine development, if sources of suitable aggregates, road building, and other construction materials can be identified in close proximity to the mine. Golder Associates assists mining clients in the identification and selection of a wide range of construction materials. Our professionals undertake all types of borrow material source evaluation through the use of air photo interpretation, geological mapping, test pitting, drilling, and/or geophysical techniques. Once materials sources have been identified, Golder Associates can provide the required laboratory services to assist in the evaluation of the suitability of the materials for their intended use. Where major earthworks construction is contemplated, Golder Associates can provide the engineering design and specifications, as well as preparation of the contract documentation, and provision of QA/QC services during construction. Golder Associates can carry out the design and oversee material selection should a geomembrane liner, a collection system, or geogrid reinforcement be required. During construction, our engineers supervise geomembrane liner installation, carry out testing of liner seams and other critical areas through destructive and non-destructive testing methods, as well as inspecting and monitoring geotextiles and geonets for compliance with material quality, seaming, and placement specifications.
Golder Associates completed a foundation evaluation for mill facilities and an assessment of borrow sources for subgrade fills and concrete aggregate at Bulyanhulu Mine in Tanzania.

Service Description
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Roads and Pipeline Routing

Geotechnical and Environmental factors can have a major impact on the location, design, construction, maintenance, and decommissioning of mining service roads and pipelines. Appropriate geotechnical and environmental input contributes significantly to the development of safe, economical, and regulatory-compliant infrastructure. The early identification of actual and potential hazards is important so that concerns can be mitigated and potential problem areas can be avoided. Application of advanced geotechnical technology, and detailed understanding of regulatory requirements, allows project cost and future liability to be minimized.

Golder Associates provided specialist consulting services with respect to the design and operation of the open pit mine, tailings facility, and mine waste dumps for the Kumtor gold mine, southeastern Kyrgyzstan. The project is located in the Tien Shan Mountains, within an area of continuous permafrost which is reported to be 130 to 400 metres thick. The mean annual temperature in the region is -7.8 degrees Celsius. The project is located within a region of high seismic activity.

Services provided for mining roads and pipelines include: evaluation of terrain stability and route selection, evaluation of road subgrade conditions and road structure design, assessment of existing cut and fill slope stability, evaluation of existing or potential road instabilities and provision of remedial measures, inspection and quality control during road construction in difficult terrain, road deactivation, rehabilitation, and audits,

Service Description
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Roads and Pipeline Routing

foundation investigation and design for bridges and major culverts, system development for erosion control, sediment control, and revegetation, design, specification preparation, and monitoring for blasting activities, identification of borrow material sources and evaluation of native materials for use as fill, risk assessments, risk management, and decision analysis, development of a comprehensive and effective environmental management plan and environmental management system, biophysical and environmental site baseline assessment through field investigation and computer modelling, assessment of potential environmental impacts, assessment and design of practical and cost effective remediation and long-term site maintenance requirements.

Golder Associates has the full range of expertise and experience to provide services in all phases of this process.

Service Description
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Mine Environmental Pre-Development Planning

The development of a comprehensive and effective environmental management plan assists in achieving regulatory compliance and minimizes future liability; it may also enhance profitability through loss control, optimization of operations, and minimization of remediation and long-term site maintenance requirements. An accurate site baseline, as obtained through a biophysical and environmental impact assessment, provides realistic criteria for the evaluation of site management methods and determination of the effectiveness of site remediation and reclamation methods. In addition, the pre-development environmental planning process can be used as the basis for the operational environmental management plan. Priorities for environmental management will have been identified and mitigative measures developed. Impacts identified after the mine becomes operational can be compared with pre-development predictions and baseline data, and differences can be used in modifying design criteria and waste handling practices, or in identifying the influence of environmental fluctuations. The pre-development planning process requires expertise from a wide range of fields, as a variety of different potential environmental impacts must be assessed, and mitigation and remediation measures must then be designed. Golder Associates provides a multi-disciplinary team with expertise in a variety of biological sciences, environmental management, and engineering. Field investigations and computer modelling are utilized to document existing environments and to provide quantitative predictions of development-related changes. This enables an evaluation of their significance. The data are then incorporated into project planning decisions to avoid, where possible, project impacts. Where impacts are unavoidable, practical and costeffective mitigation measures are developed. The very nature of these projects requires a detailed understanding of regulatory requirements and strict attention to scientific credibility. Golder Associates has the full range of expertise and experience to provide services in all phases of this process.

Service Description
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Environmental Baseline Studies

Golder Associates recognizes that, when planning for resource use and project development, it is imperative to have a thorough understanding of existing biological and physical conditions. While the gathering of this information is often driven by regulatory agencies, additional prompting is coming from various public groups as society becomes increasingly aware and sensitive to understanding and protecting our ecosystems. Biophysical data are incorporated into project planning decisions to predict and subsequently avoid, where possible, project impacts. Where impacts are unavoidable, pragmatic and cost-effective mitigation measures can be developed based on the information gathered. Golder Associates provides comprehensive services for evaluating biological and biophysical issues, and assembling environmental protection measures for project planning and development. Specifically, these skills include the fields of terrestrial and wildlife, aquatic and habitat fisheries, vegetation, and ecosystem studies, assessments

Biological Inventories Waste Treatment Evaluation Fish and Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Remote Sensing and GIS Engineered and Ecological Wetlands Watershed Management

enhancements, and soils and terrain. Our staff are experienced and available to conduct comprehensive baseline studies. This availability of inhouse specialists in virtually all disciplines provides significant advantages to clients. In some instances, it is more cost effective, or politically prudent, to use local specialists for data collection. In these cases, Golder has long-term established associations with experienced and qualified firms and individuals worldwide who can collect required data. In all cases, Golder professionals supervise the collection of baseline data to ensure that the work is focused on the relevant issues, and that data quality objectives are met. Golder also facilitates database management and subsequent modelling and analysis, using geographical information storage and retrieval software.

Service Description
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) are becoming an increasingly important part of the project approval process in todays complex regulatory/financial environment. being a report which is prepared in As well as for application

regulatory/financial approval, an EIA is an integral part of project

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planning. Successful mining projects balance economic objectives with those of the social and physical environment so that the mine is perceived to be a good corporate citizen. Golder Associates understands the importance of these factors and has developed an EIA process that facilitates project designs with predictable schedules and costs, minimized approval conditions, long-term positive relationships with stakeholders and regulators, and

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minimized environmental and social liabilities. Initiated at the project evolution stage, the EIA approach advocated by Golder Associates is a balanced and interactive process that involves continuous communication between the project proponent, local communities, regulators, stakeholders, and technical project teams. This ongoing dialogue ensures that important issues are identified and documented early, are revisited throughout the assessment, and are used to focus the baseline environmental studies and impact analyses. Explicit decision criteria are employed to ensure the data collection, quantitative impact analysis, and mitigation designs respond to the projects primary issues and concerns. Issues which cannot be resolved are subjected to further study and quantitative impact analysis. The interaction of the environmental and engineering design teams ensures that solutions are developed to resolve the issues. Utilizing current technology (e.g. Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing) and quantitative tools (e.g. Risk-Based Assessment and Environmental Modeling), Golder Associates has developed innovative cost-effective solutions for site selection studies and evaluation of mining processing and waste management options.

Service Description
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Biophysical and Soil Surveys

Biophysical investigations integrate the terrain, soil and vegetation sciences in the description and analysis of landscapes for environmental impact assessment and reclamation planning purposes. Golder Associates multidisciplinary approach to biophysical studies allows us to assess each of the main disciplines separately and collectively relative to a given environmental setting and development. An ecological and land classification (ELC) approach is used to identify biophysical map units with a characteristic assemblage of terrain, soil, and vegetation conditions at a variety of scales. Description of map units may be used, in conjunction with GIS technology, issue in environmental scoping,

Vegetation survey in Canadas Arctic as part of a gas pipeline environmental assessment.

environmental impact assessment (EIA), environmental protection planning (EPP), reclamation planning and environmental design. Wildlife habitat assessments often utilise ELC map units as the basis for quantifying habitat quality and habitat use in both a local and regional (including cumulative impacts) setting. Soil surveys may be part of a biophysical inventory or a specific focus of investigation to identify soil resource conditions, sensitive (erosive) soils, soil capability for land use and soil suitability for reclamation. Soil physical, chemical and biological data are used to determine soil quality and the susceptibility of soils to disturbance and to develop soil handling procedures required during and after disturbance.

Service Description
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Wildlife Investigations

Golder Associates Ltd. has extensive experience in wildlife assessment. This expertise is used during initial planning and prefeasibility stages of development to conduct fatal flaw analyses, baseline studies, environmental impact assessments and cumulative effects assessments. These assessments include

recommended mitigation measures to minimise potential impacts on wildlife. Data acquired during such studies also form the basis for wildlife effects closure, to gauge the efficacy of mitigation measures and as necessary to modify those measures. Our biologists often work with groups of stakeholders, including regulators and aboriginal people, to help set guidelines for wildlife studies during all stages of mine development. Frequently, the main concern is possible loss of wildlife habitat. We therefore link closely to vegetation studies to quantify the importance of vegetation as wildlife habitat. We employ Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) modelling, which links wildlife values to vegetation types using a GIS format. Other capabilities include wildlife inventories, wildlife distribution and abundance from ground and aerial surveys, movement studies using radio collars, behavioural observations and the study of food habits. Faunal expertise includes ungulates, carnivores, bats, small mammals, waterfowl, raptors and other birds. Geographical experience includes arctic, temperate and tropical regions.

Caribou were studied during wildlife effects monitoring at a diamond mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada.

Service Description
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Fisheries

Issues related to water quality and fisheries are key concerns throughout the life of a mine from exploration to closure. Baseline data collection and impact analysis in these areas is a critical component in support of permit and licence applications. During mine operation and closure, monitoring of the quality of discharge and runoff waters, as well as health and abundance of fish and benthic invertebrates present in receiving waters, are frequently requirements for permit maintenance. Golder Associates services to mines include environmental impact assessments (EIAs), ongoing evaluation of water quality issues, design of operational monitoring programs, compliance monitoring of fisheries resources and fish habitat, and design and maintenance of environmental protection plans. A practical, cost-effective approach, which includes regulatory compliance and an understanding of ecological sensitivities, is stressed. Biological studies focus on the potential for disturbance or alterations to aquatic habitats during mine advancement. Field investigations are used to evaluate habitat characteristics. If habitat losses occur as a result of mine development, mitigation measures can be developed to compensate for the shortfall. Golder Associates fisheries services include monitoring for increases in tissue metal burdens, taste alteration in fish flesh, and population decline due to unrestrained angling. These can be useful tools for the identification of key issues, which leads to project-specific, cost-effective development of overall aquatic monitoring programs. Services relating to surface water quality include the use of mathematical models to predict changes in water quality due to mine development. The corresponding effect on aquatic habitat and aquatic animals can also be predicted. Impacts on receiving water bodies from a licensed mine discharge(s) or from mine drainage can be assessed. Golder Associates also has the capabilities for the simulation and design of functioning artificial lakes (wetlands) as a reclamation option.

Service Description
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Air and Noise Quality Monitoring

Air quality can be affected by process and smelting plant emissions, fugitive emissions, dust, and other particulates. Golder Associates offers services to collect data on existing or potential air quality, identify sources of emission and aid in design and monitoring of mitigative measures. To determine the effects of gaseous emissions on air quality, ambient meteorological air. This and allows climatological information is collected to characterize determination of where emissions will be carried and in what concentrations. If the emissions are from a stack, plume dispersion modelling can be carried out to identify any potential significant impacts. The chemical properties of emission gases are identified and compared to existing standards. If concentrations of noxious gases exceed regulatory standards, stack height, stack position, design, and process considerations can be modified to meet standards. At the design stage potential impacts can then be mitigated before problems occur. Golder Associates can aid in the conceptual engineering aspects of design and advise on monitoring programs when a system is in place. For fugitive emissions, approaches including modelling,

monitoring, and project review can be used. Conceptual design solutions and monitoring programs can be developed and initiated. Dust in the ambient air can be measured and used as a baseline from which to compare dust levels during mining activity. Sampling techniques vary from simple dustfall containers to a high-volume sampling. If a problem is evident, the dust sources are examined and dust suppression alternatives recommended.
Service Description
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Air and Noise Quality Monitoring

Golder Associates uses the same basic procedure for noise studies. Noise levels are sampled and problems identified. Problem noise sources and recipients of the problem noise are studied and mitigative procedures and monitoring proposed. Data is collected by means of noise meters, noise source inventories, and interviews with those who may be affected. Our work typically concentrates on ambient noise issues, usually from the operating plant property line to the affected residences.

Service Description
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Socio-Economic Impact Assessment/Public Consultation

Golder Associates provides comprehensive services in public involvement and socio-economic impact assessment (SEIA). Public involvement services range from the design and implementation of public involvement programs to obtain approvals for new or expanded projects, to renew regulatory approvals, and to address community issues which arise during project facility operations and decommissioning. SEIA services are developed to meet regulatory requirements for new or modified projects. In particular, the services identify benefits and costs resulting from project development, operations, and decommissioning and recommend how the associated impacts can be best managed. Golder Associates staff work with industry, government, and environmental/community organizations involved with environmental planning and management and resource development. As a result, we are able to apply an integrated range of experiences to the challenges faced by our clients. Members of our staff are also trained mediators. For each project, Golder Associates develops a decision making process which highlights key objectives, stakeholders to be involved, and environmental, community and regulatory needs unique to the project. Subsequent tasks are defined to verify information used in the process and to develop responses to address stakeholder issues. Socio-economic assessments are based on project-related changes to, or demands upon, land use, regional labour force, and regional and local populations. Assessments determine the implications of these project-related demands upon surrounding communities and economies and recommend how they can be effectively addressed. Throughout our assignments, we work closely with clients throughout both the development and implementation of the programs and incorporate input from clients in addressing stakeholder issues.
Service Description
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Cultural Resource Management

Golder Associates has an in-house staff of archaeologists, able to conduct feasibility studies and overview assessments of cultural resources prior to the development of new mines and expansion of existing mines. Our archaeologists utilize data from background research, field reconnaissance, topographic maps, and satellite data aerial photograph analysis to delineate archaeological sensitivity. By completing these studies well in advance of development, information can be used in the project design phase to avoid costly delays to operation. Impact assessment studies seek to identify and assess cultural

Golder Associates conducted an excavation of a tipi ring site at the Prairie Coals Poplar River site in Saskatchewan.

resources on a property. This can include prehistoric and historic period archaeological sites, standing structures, and trails. In many jurisdictions, these resources are protected by law, and a permit to proceed with development will be contingent upon getting an archaeological clearance. Mitigation, consisting of site mapping, excavation, avoidance, or other procedures, is sometimes necessary. Cultural resources problems also arise at the decommissioning phase. With the burgeoning interest in our heritage, it is becoming difficult in some jurisdictions to decommission mines. This is because the structures themselves, due to their age, have attained historical value which may warrant regulatory review and possibly preservation. Archaeology has a very broad public appeal. Interpretive displays for open houses, local museums, and mine offices have proved to be of great interest to the public and have enhanced the publics awareness and respect for mining companies. Cultural resources management is a necessary component of many mining projects, and Golder Associates offers a very pragmatic and comprehensive approach.
Service Description
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Environmental Management

As corporate responsibility for environmental management increases, companies are faced with the need to incorporate these issues into their strategic plans. Golder Associates provides a range of environmental management services that can help to achieve cost-effective, proactive environmental management, achieving regulatory compliance and a positive environmental image in the community. Environmental management should be responsive company. Mining companies require environmental management plans or systems for a number of reasons. There is a need to be able to plan over a reasonable time frame for costs associated with remedial measures or environmental improvements. In addition, an effective environmental system can save money and allow a planned response to environmental requirements while minimizing the environmental liability of a corporation and its officers. Should an environmental problem occur, these plans will serve to demonstrate due-diligence on the part of the company. Development and implementation of an environmental plan demonstrate to financial and regulatory agencies of environmental control and awareness. Environmental management plans and systems have the potential to prevent environmental liabilities from impacting the value of a company. Long-term planning to achieve cost-effective decommissioning or close-out of an operation can be achieved through environmental planning. to community needs, and should promote understanding, participation, and commitment at all levels of the

Service Description
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Environmental Audits

Golder Associates offers the mining industry expertise and experience in the full range of environmental audits and assessments. The purpose of an audit can range from loss/emissions control, to liability considerations in acquisitions and divestitures, to regulatory compliance. Audits can also be used to identify environmental liabilities created by historic mining activities. The information gathered in an audit may be applied in an assessment of risk to worker, public, or environmental health. An audit can also be performed on company policy, management structure, and decision-making processes as they apply to management of waste, tailings, emissions to air and water, or other potential environmental impacts. Our extensive auditing experience in a wide range of industrial settings provides us with a solid base of auditing tools which can be appropriately applied and specifically tailored to meet the needs of the mining industry. Golder Associates auditing experience includes the following areas: facility operational audits; industrial acquisitions and divestiture audits; assessment of site contamination; soils and vegetation assessment; audits for reporting and regulatory compliance; occupational health and safely audits; and process engineering assessment.

Service Description
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Annual Environmental Reviews

An annual review of the environmental management system considers the manner in which it is being implemented and the effectiveness of the procedures outlined in the plan. It can be an effective means of ensuring environmental compliance, and a powerful tool for controlling environmental costs, preventing future environmental liabilities and difficulties with site remediation. The review should address the nature and quantity of wastes and emissions, and the effectiveness of waste management procedures. The need for optimization of specific processes, operations, or waste handling techniques can be identified. The potential for additional unforeseen environmental impacts from the site can be determined. Aspects of environmental management which can be included as part of the annual review include: identification of changes in processes or materials handling since the previous review; changes which might create additional environmental impacts; annual variation in environmental impacts of mining operations such as drainage patterns, precipitation, wildlife migration patterns; review and assessment of annual monitoring data; and potential for site erosion/adequacy of erosion control measures.

Service Description
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Risk Management

The management of risk has always been integral to the mining business, however, the recent implementation of more systematic and formal approaches have proven to add significant value both in mining and across business sectors. Golder Associates provides complete services utilizing these modern risk management approaches. Our specialized experience in mining combined with best practice experience in risk management from other industry sectors is based on applications throughout all life cycles from project concept evaluation through operations to closure. These applications are as varied as the requirements from the mining business and include engineering design, environmental impact statements and operational performance. Generally, all applications may be categorized according to three principal risk impacts as follows:
Economic Project Return, Political Impacts, Throughput, Reliability, Schedule, Commodity Pricing, Geology Accidental Spills, Chronic Seepage, Dust, Regulation Compliance, Resource Loss Public Safety, Employee Health, Employee Safety, Contractor Accidents

Environmental Human

Risk Management involves a process of Assessment, Control and Mitigation as shown schematically in this Figure. Golder Associates can assist clients with any one or all of these components. Risk Analysis applications include, for example, a Probabilistic Analysis of a tailings pond engineering design or a Systems Failure Modes and Criticality Effects Analysis of existing operations for potential environmental concerns. Risk Control applications include criteria for decision making, systems for cost-effective mitigation and audits of procedure.
Service Description
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Risk Management
Based on our extensive experience in Risk Management, Golder Associates provides a complete range of services such as:
identifying opportunities

and developing specifications for risk assessment to assist clients with their specific business objectives.
incorporating the best tools available

for risk studies and adapting these where necessary from the complete spectrum of risk assessment techniques. to client operational staff for hands on applications and ongoing returns. developed for client operations to effectively control risk and implement optimum mitigation strategies. within the organization, with line staff responsible for results and among stakeholders such as government and the public. of client risk management programs and mitigation benefits. Risk analysis and evaluation provide a systematic process which generates unique data for making critical decisions in the mining business. Risks may be estimated using a matrix similar in format to that shown in this Figure. Once measured, risks can be prioritized and costs for mitigation may be compared to benefits accrued. Golder Associates can match the appropriate level of risk analysis effort to the business objectives and assist with implementing the necessary management programs to enjoy a competitive advantage.

training and technology transfer

implementing management programs

communicating effectively

supporting decision analyses and auditing success

Service Description
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Mine Waste Management

Golder Associates mine waste management services integrates the engineering and environmental aspects of any proposed facility into one comprehensive economic and regulatory compliant design. From siting studies, prefeasibility to detailed design, construction monitoring, operational reviews to closure planning, Golder Associates can provide an integrated team of geological, geotechnical, hydrogeological and environmental professionals to identify and solve your mine waste disposal problems. Whether you are planning a new waste facility, or attempting to close an existing one, Golder Associates has the technical and practical mining experience to provide real world solutions. Comprehensive mine waste design services may include: The suitability of any site can be evaluated in terms of both operational requirements coupled with mitigation of potential environmental impacts. Scoping level assessments of waste disposal approaches should include total life cycle costs, including capital, operating and closure costs.

Tailings deposition on the upstream side of a rockfill dike.

A digital model of the waste facility can be developed to allow for optimization studies to be carried out in a quick and economic manner. Once the digital model is in placed, yearly updates of remaining basin capacity (based on actual waste deposition) can be done efficiently. Water balance modeling can be done based on best known parameters, but use of digital modeling allows for rapid parametric and sensitivity analyses to be carried out, as well. Golder Associates has also linked digital water balance calculations with digital basin models to carry out basin optimization studies, in order to provide cost effective long range planning for basins. Coupling with our geomatics and database specialists, Golder Associates can provide a waste facility database which allows the inclusion and sorting of all engineering, environmental and regulatory compliance data in one central location. Utilization of the database by mine site staff allows for the rapid and efficient preparation of routine regulatory documents and more significant permitting amendments, when required.
Service Description
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Mine Waste Management

Risk assessment can be an effective tool in minimizing potential cost ramifications associated with waste disposal liabilities. The risk can be in terms of engineering performance or in terms of ecological impact. In either case, risk assessment can be the tool to evaluate potential costs so that risk management can proceed on a rational basis. The most economic closure plan begins with a rational design of the facility during feasibility level work. If the facility is already operating, an evaluation of the technical issues can focus the closure planning so that costs are minimized. Risk assessment can also be used to ensure that long term, costly monitoring plans meet the minimum needs to measure engineering performance and environmental impact of the closed waste facility.

Service Description
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Geophysical Services

Engineering and Environmental Geophysics Geophysics, historically an integral part of mining exploration, is also an important tool for providing information for planning, design and construction of mine infrastructure and, in particular, mine waste facilities. For more than a decade, Golder Associates has offered a full range of land and marine geophysical services for engineering and environmental applications. These services include: High resolution tomography seismic reflection, refraction and

Electromagnetics, magnetics, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and radio detection Electrical resistivity imaging Gravity and microgravity Borehole geophysical logging and camera logging Marine surveys including: seismic reflection, side-scan sonar, magnetics, GPR, radio detection and underwater camera inspection

Lake Bathymetry Profiling with GPR - Northern Saskatchewan

In addition to providing stand-alone geophysical services to the Mining Industry, our geophysicists work together with other specialists within Golder to provide complete solutions to engineering and environmental problems.
Service Description
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Geophysical Services

Typical applications include: Profiling stratigraphy and depth to bedrock along proposed tailings dam alignments Borehole geophysics to identify fractures, and determine their aperture and orientation for open pit de-watering design Marine geophysics to determine lake bathymetry and characterise bottom sediments for tailings basin design Electromagnetic surveying to delineate and monitor tailings leachate plumes in groundwater Time-domain electromagnetic surveying for mine water supplies in arid climates

Borehole Logging for Fracture Orientation - Labrador

Golder Associates geophysics groups are based in Mississauga (Ontario), Burnaby (British Columbia), Seattle (Washington, USA) and London (UK). Our geophysicists have carried out hundreds of geophysical surveys throughout North America and the World, experience that enables us to provide innovative and practical geophysical solutions to the most challenging of problems. Please visit our web site at: www.golder.com/geophysics.

Service Description
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Representative Project Experience

Golder Associates has completed projects in more than 110 countries across the globe. Nations in which our Company has experience are listed below.

Argentina Australia Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Bolivia Botswana Brazil Canada Caribbean Chile China Colombia Cook Islands Costa Rica Denmark Djibouti Dominican Republic Dubai Ecuador Egypt Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guam Guatemala Guinea Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq

Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Kazakstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Lesotho Macau Madagascar Malaysia Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Montserrat Morocco Myanmar (Burma) Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Guinea New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Russia Saint Lucia Saint Vincent Samoa Saudi Arabia

Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan, China Tanzania Thailand Togo Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Venezuela Vietnam Western Samoa Yugoslavia Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe

Project Experience
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Golder Associates International Mining Offices

Atlanta 3730 Chamblee Rd. Atlanta, Georgia, USA 30341 Tel: (770) 496-1893 Fax: (770) 934-9476 Brisbane #12 97 Castlemaine St. Milton, Queensland 4064 Australia Tel: [61] (7) 3217 6444 Fax: [61] (7) 3217 6700 Belo Horizonte Rua Goncalves Dias 3172 3 Andar, Santo Agostinho CEP: 30.140-093, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, Brazil Tel: [55] (31) 275-2417 Fax: [55} (31) 291-9649 Calgary 10th Flr.-940 Sixth Ave. S.W. Calgary, AB, Canada T2P 3T1 Tel: (403) 299-5600 Fax: (403) 299-5606 Denver 300 - 44 Union Boulevard Lakewood, Colorado, USA 80228 Tel: (303) 980-0540 Fax: (303) 985-2080 Jakarta 10th Floor, Graha Paramita JL. Denpasar, Block D-2 Kuningan, Jarkarta 12940, Indonesia Tel: [62] (21) 252-1975 Fax: [62] (21) 252-1915 Lima Calle 22 No. 215 Urb. Corpac San Borja, Lima 41 Peru Tel: [51] (1) 224-9362/98 Fax: [51] (1) 475-2150 London Clyde House Reform Road Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK SL6 8BY Tel: [44] (1628) 771731 Fax: [44] (1628) 770699 Melbourne 25 Burwood Rd. Hawthorn, Victoria 3112, Australia Tel: [61] (3) 9819 4044 Fax: [61] (3) 9818 7990

Montreal 9200, boul. de l'Acadie, Suite 70 Montreal, PQ, H4N 2T2 Tel: (514) 383-0990 Fax: (514) 383-5332 Perth 441 Vincent St. West Leederville, Western Australia, 6007 Australia Tel: [61] (8) 9381 3444 Fax: [61] (8) 9381 4041 Reno 6165 Ridgeview Court, Suite F Reno, Nevada, USA 89509 Tel: (775) 828-9604 Fax: (775) 828-9645 Santiago Fidel Oteiza 1921, Of. 702 Providencia, Santiago, Chile Tel: [56] (2) 366-9375 Fax: [56] (2) 366-9372 Seattle 18300 NE Union Hill Road Redmond, Washington, USA, 98052 Tel: (425) 883-0777 Fax: (425) 882-5498 Sudbury 662 Falconbridge Rd. Sudbury, ON Canada P3A 4S4 Tel: (705) 524-6861 Fax: (705) 524-1984 Toronto 2390 Argentis Road Mississauga, ON, Canada L5N 5Z7 Tel: (905) 567-4444 Fax: (905) 567-6561 Tucson #210 4730 North Oracle Rd. Tucson, Arizona, USA 85705 Tel: (520) 888-8818 Fax: (520) 888-8817 Turin Via Antonio Banfo, 43 10155 Turin, Italy Tel: [39] (11) 23 33 48 Fax: [39] (11) 85 69 50 Vancouver #500 - 4260 Still Creek Dr. Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5C 6C6 Tel: (604) 298-6623 Fax: (604) 298-5253

Office Locations
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