FM 01: BERNOULLIS THEOREM

1. AIM

The aim of the experiment is to verify Bernoullis equation experimentally

2. APPARATUS

The experimental setup consists of a convergent divergent pipe with pressure tapings at various cross sections. The water is supplied to an overhead tank by a centrifugal pump. The flow rates in the pipe can be adjusted with the control valve and bypass valve. The cross - sectional area of the convergent divergent pipe is as follows.
Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cross- Sectional Area A x 10-4 (m2.) 6.1575 4.9088 3.4636 2.4053 1.50 2.4053 3.4636 .4.9088 6.1575 Distance from Reference point S ( m) 0.030 0.059 0.088 0.117 0.146 0.175 0.204 0.233 0.262

3. PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTING EXPERIMENTAL DATA (a) Starting Procedure: 1. Clean the apparatus and make all Tanks free from dust.

2. Close the drain valves provided. 3. Ensure that all On/Off Switches given on the Panel are at OFF position. 4. Now switch on the Main Power Supply. 5. Switch on the Pump. 6. Regulate Flow of water through pipe with the help of given Flow Control Valve. 7. Make sure that there is no water bubbles in the tube for measuring pressure heads. 8. Measure Flow Rate using Measuring Tank and Stop Watch. 9. Calculate the velocity at each section using continuity equation. 10. Repeat the experiment with different flow rates

(b) Shut Down Procedure

1. When experiment is over, Switch off Pump. 2. Switch off Power Supply to Panel. 3. Drain water from all three tanks with the help of given drain valves.
4. RELEVANT THEORY FOR THIS EXPERIMENT:

Bernoullis principle states the relationship between static pressure and velocity for inviscid flow on the basis that the total energy at any section of flow will remain the same provided there is no reduction or addition of energy at any point.
5. TASKS

1. Derive an expression for the theoretical volume flow rate through a venturimeter, for a given area ratio using Bernoulli's equation and continuity equation. 2. Calculate the actual flow rate through the pipe from measuring tank and stop watch data. 3. Calculate the average velocity at each section. 4. Plot the variation of total energy along the length of the pipe. 5. Comment on possible sources of error in the experiment or your derivation that would change your measurements or theoretical estimates. Indicate how these sources would affect the results and make recommendations for improving the experiment.
REFERENCES 1. Class notes, ME 204 Fluid Mechanics, Spring semester , 2009-2010 2. Fox R.W. and McDonald A.T., Fluid Mechanics, John Wiley International, 2005.