4-8

Three Phase Full Converters (H.Rashid):

3- Full converters are used in industrial applications upto 120 kw level, where two quadrant operation is required. Consider the 3- full converter (figure 4-9a), with a highly inductive load. The thyristors are fired at an interval of / 3.

The frequency of output voltage is 6 f s & the filtering requirement is less than that of three phase semi converter and half wave converters. At t = ( ) thyristor T 6 is already conducting and thyristor T 1 is turned on.

) t( ) , thyristor T 1 & T 6 is conducts and the line-toDuring the period t = ( line voltage V ab (= V an V bn) appears across the load. At t = ( ) thyristor T 2 is fired and thyristor T 6 is reversed biased immediately.

T 6 is turned off due to natural commutation. During the interval ( ) t ( ) , thyristors T 1 & T 2 conduct and the line-to-line

voltage V a c appears across the load. If the thyristors are numbered as (fig: 4-9 a), the firing sequence is 12, 23, 34, 45, 56 and 61. Figure 4-9 b shows the wave forms for input voltage, output voltage, input current and the currents through the thyristors.

If the three line-neutral voltages are defined as; =V =V =V

m

sin t sin ( t ( sin ( t + ( )) ))

The corresponding line-to-line voltages are; = = = Where V

m

= = =

V V V

sin ( t + ( sin ( t ( )) sin ( t + (

))

))

is the peak phase voltage of Wye-connected source.

The average output voltage is found from; V

d.c

) ( ( )) ( )

=> V =

d.c

) - - - - - - - - - (4-57) = 0 is V
dm

For maximum average output voltage; That occurs at a delay angle of V

dm

= V

( =

) ( ) =>

=>

d.c

( )

=>

V dm =

In this way average normalized average output voltage is obtained as; V n = V d c / Vd m => Vn=(

)) / (

=>

Vn=(

) - - - - - - - - - (4-58)

So that the r.m.s output voltage is found from; V

r.m.s

=[

xVm[

. Sin 2 ( t + ). ( (

))]

V r.m.s =

) cos 2 )] - - - - - - - - (4-59)

Example 4 8 (H.Rashid): A 3-phase Full converter (figure 4-9 a) is operated from a 3-Phase Y-connected 208 v, 60 Hz supply and the load resistance is of R = 10 . It is required to obtain an average output voltage of 50 % of the maximum possible voltage. Calculate; (i). The delay angle = ? (ii). R.m.s & average output currents ? (iii). R.m.s & average Thyristor currents ? (iv). Rectification efficiency ? (v). T.U.F ? (vi). Input power factor ? Solution: From the given data, the Phase voltage is obtained as; V S = 208 / => V S = 120.1 v

So that V m can be obtained as;

V
m

= xV

=>

= x 120.1

=>

= 169.8 v

Hence the maximum output voltage can be obtained as;

V V
dm

=( =(

xV

)/

(when

= 0, so cos 0 = 1) => V
dm

dm

x 169.8 ) / 3.142

The average output voltage can be obtained as;

V n = Vdc / Vd m So that from the given condition of problem; V n = 0.5 V n = Vdc / Vd m (a). From eq 4-58, Vn=( => (b). ) - - - - - - - - - (4-58) 0.5 = ( ) => = cos 1 (0.5) => = 60 => & R = 10 => Vd c =

0.5 = Vd c / 280.81

The average output current is I

dc

=V

dc

/R

=>

140.45 / 10

=> I d c =14.045 Amps

The r.m.s output voltage can be obtained as; V r.m.s = xVm[ (

) cos 2 )] - - - - - - - - (4-59)

=> => =>

x 169.83 [ x 169.83 [ [

) cos 2 x 60 )]

cos 120 )] ]

=>

[ => V

(
r.m.s

)] =

And the r.m.s load current is obtained as; I

r.m.s

=V

r.m.s

/R

=>

159.34 /10

=> I

r.m.s

(c).

The average current of Thyristor is given by; I

DT

=I

dc

/3

=>

14.045 / 3

=> I

DT

= 4.68 Amps.

Similarly the r.m.s current of Thyristor is obtained as; I

RT

=I

r.m.s

=>

15.93 x => I
RT

=> (d).

15.93 x 0.577 The rectification efficiency is obtained as; = Pd c / Pa c - - - - - - - - - - (2 44)

= 9.2 Amps.

Pd c = V Pa c = V

dc

xI

dc

=> => =>

(140.45) (14.045) (159.29) (15.93) 1973.3 / 2537.5

=> Pd c = 1973.3 watts. => Pa c = 2537.5 watts. => = 0.778 or 77.8 %.

r.m.s x

r.m.s

= Pd c / P a c (e).

The r.m.s input line current is; I S= I

r.m.s

=>

15.93 x

=> I S = 13

Similarly, the input volt-ampere rating is obtained as; VI=3VSx I Now

S

=>

3 x 120.1 x 13

=> V I = 4683.9

T.U.F = Pd c / V I
dc

=> (V (f).

xI

d c)

/ (3 V S x I S)

=> (140.45 x 14.045) / (4683.9)

=>

T.U.F = 0.421

The output power is given by; P O = (I

r.m.s

)2xR

=>

P O = (15.93) 2 x 10

=>

253.765 x 10

=> P O = 2537.65

The input power factor is given by; P.F

input

= P O/ V I

=>

2537.65 / 4683.9

=> P.F

input

Note: The Power factor is less than that of three phase semi converter, but higher than that of 3- half wave converter.