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PREVIOUS LESSON
SUBTOPICS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to : - Describe Calvin cycle involving carbon fixation, reduction of PGAL and regeneration of RuBP.
Calvin Cycle
The Calvin Cycle uses the chemical energy (ATP and NADPH) to reduce CO2 to sugar. NADPH and ATP are products from light dependent reaction
RuBP regenerate after CO2 enter the cycle and leave the cycle as sugar.
Occur at stroma.
Calvin Cycle
Anabolic pathway
- the cycle builds sugar from smaller molecules (CO2) - by using ATP as an energy source - and NADPH as reducing power of electron carrier.
Calvin Cycle
Carbohydrate produced directly from the Calvin cycle is actually not glucose, but three carbon sugar. This sugar is Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate (G3P) / PGAL
Calvin Cycle
The Calvin cycle has THREE phases i. Carbon fixation (catalyzed by rubisco) ii. Reduction of PGAL iii. Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor (RuBP)
Calvin Cycle
For net synthesis of 1 molecules of G3P - the cycle must take place THREE times - fixing THREE molecules of CO2.
FIVE molecules of G3P (3C) are rearranged into THREE molecules of RUBP (5C). Cycle spends THREE more molecules of ATP. RuBP is ready to receives another CO2. Cycle continues.
Calvin Cycle
For the net synthesis of ONE G3P molecule, the Calvin cycle consumed: - NINE molecules of ATP - SIX molecules of NADPH
Calvin Cycle
To form ONE molecules of sugar (glucose), the cycle needs SIX molecules of CO2. The complete cycle must occur TWICE.
QUESTIONS
1) With the aid of labeled diagram, explain the main stages of Calvin Cycle. 2) What is the function of NADP+?
NEXT LECTURE
16.5 Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation : Hatch-Slack (C4) and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) pathways