10/02/2012

Boiler Efficienc

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Boiler Efficienc
Boile efficienc - comb
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ion g o

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Boiler Efficiency may be indicated by C b i Efficie c - indicates a burners ability to burn fuel measured by unburned fuel and excess air in the exhaust The a Efficie c - indicates the heat exchangers effectiveness to transfer heat from the combustion process to the water or steam in the boiler, exclusive radiation and convection losses F e F id Efficie c - indicates the overall efficiency of the boiler inclusive thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger, radiation and convection losses - output divided by input. Boiler Efficiency is in general indicated by either Thermal Efficiency or Fuel to Fluid Efficiency depending the context.

Boile Efficienc
Boiler Efficiency related to the boilers ene g o B i e efficie c (%) = hea e ed b p to the boilers ene g inp ea ..) / hea can be expressed as: ided b he f e 100 (1)

he f id ( a e ,

Hea E po ed f om he Boile o he Fl id
If a fluid like water is used to export heat from the boiler, exported heat can be expressed as: =( he e = hea e / = a f ( g) ed ( J/ , W) ( g/ ) / ) c dT (2)

BTU Efficiency Oil Boiler Boiler Gas

Con e 0
C F

Uni

Temperature

= i e( ) c = dT = e ecific hea ca aci ea ( J/ g C) e f he b i e ( C)

Convert!
Length

e diffe e ce be ee i e a d

For a steam boiler the heat exported as evaporated water at the saturation temperature can be expressed as: =( he e / ) he (3)

i f ad ie a ica ie

fe a

a ed a e ( g)

= i e( ) he = e a ai e eg i he ea a he a ai e e he b i e i i g ( J/ g)

Hea P o ided b F el
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10/02/2012

Boiler Efficienc

Convert!
Volume

The energy provided by fuel may be expressed in two ways 'G o

Go Calo ific Val e

' o 'Ne ' Calo ific Val e.

1
3

ie i 3 f3 ga

This is the theoretical total of the energy in the fuel. The gross calorific value of the fuel includes the energy used for evaporating the water in the combustion process. The flue gases from boilers are in general not condensed. The actual amount of heat available to the boiler plant is therefore reduced. Gross Calorific Values of some common Fuels An accurate control of the air supply is essential to the boilers efficiency. to much air cools the furnace and carries away useful heat too little air and the combustion will be incomplete. Unburned fuel will be carried over and smoke produced

Convert!
Velocity

1
/ /h f/ i f/ h

Ne calo ific al e
This is the calorific value of the fuel, excluding the energy in the water vapor discharged to the stack in the combustion process. The combustion process can be expressed as: [C + H (f e )] + [O2 + N2 (Ai )] -> (C he e C = Ca b H = H d ge O = O ge N = Ni ge b i P ce ) -> [CO2 + H2O + N2 (Hea )]

Convert!
Pressure

1
Pa (N/ 2 ) ba H2 O g/c 2 i i che H2 O

In general it is possible to use the approximation: e ca ific a e = g ca ific a e - 10%

Con en of F el Oil
Type No. 1 Oil No. 2 Oil No. 3 Oil No. 4 Oil No. 5 Oil No. 6 Oil Natural Gas Propane Butane Unit Gallon Gallon Gallon Gallon Gallon Gallon cu. ft. cu. ft. cu. ft. Btu 137400 139600 141800 145100 148800 152400 950 - 1050 2550 3200
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Flow

1
3/ 3 /h

US g cf

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LEDs Magazine ASME - International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - The International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code establishes rules of safety governing the design, fabrication, and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels, and nuclear power plant components during construction
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