THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, A.D. 1598-1885 PART TWO, A.D.

1649-1750

Published with the financial aid of the Toyata Foundation

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THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, A.D. 1598-1885 PART TWO, A.D. 1649-1750 Edited with Introduction, Notes and Summary in English of Each Order by THAN TUN, M.A., B.L., Ph.D. (London) Former Professor of History, Mandalay University

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The editor owes much gratitude to THE CENTRE FOR SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES KYOTO UNIVERSITY for research facilities given to him in editing these Royal Orders of Burma and to have them published under its auspices. He is also thankful to THE TOYOTA FOUNDATION for the financial aid to publish them.

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CONTENTS Acknowledgement Introduction Summary of Each Order in English Royal Orders of Burma in Burmese iv vii 1 83

List of colleagues who helped in collecting the Royal Orders

Aung Kyaw (Chaung U) Aung Myin Chit So Myint Khin Htwe Yi Khin Khin Khin Khin Gyi Khin Khin Sein Khin Lay Khin Maung Htay Khin Myo Aye Khin Nyun (Mrs Thein Than Tun) Khin Yi (Mrs Than Tun) Kyaw Kyaw Win Mya Mya Myint Myint Htek Myint Myint Than Myo Myint Nitoot Nyunt Nyunt Way Ohn Kyi (Chaung U) Ohn Myint Oo Panna Sai Kham Mong San Myint (Candramala) San Nyein San San Aye Saw Lwin Sein Myint Than Than Thaung Ko Thein Hlaing Thein Naing Thein Than Tun Thoung Thoung Tin Maung Yin Toe Hla Tun Nwe Tun Thein Tun Yi (Sutesi) Win Maung Yi Yi Yi Yi Aung

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INTRODUCTION
THE ROYAL ORDERS are arranged in chronological order. A few of the earlier orders that should have been published in Part One, however, were left out for reasons of, what I think, anachronism. Some words, phrases and place names in them do not belong to the date given in them. They are now included in Part Two. Because on second thought, I consider it best to leave the decision to the scholars. When a date is missing where it should be, I supply it in parenthesis after checking the event in the order against any other record available including the chronicles. When it fails, I would simply give it a date of an order before it or after it as the case may be, because a date is essential in an order and it was only through slight that the scribe who had it copied failed to mention it. In the course of collecting these orders, I found quite a number of notes and observations which are not orders but which could be profitably used with the orders. I intend to edit them and put them in an appendix to the last number of these books on the Royal Orders of Burma. A brief survey of political situation in Burma after the fall of Pagan, as mentioned in some Burmese and Mon inscriptions would be of some interest here. Dala Thagyi or Kyaw Zwa, a prince of the old dynasty was made king at Pagan by the Mongols on 30 May 1289. He lost his throne soon after the Mongols left and he was murdered on 10 May 1299, perhaps through a conspiracy by Athinkhaya, Raja and Thihathu, who were popularly known as the three Shan brothers. They made themselves strong in the Kyaukse area with centre at Myin Zaing. The death of their protege and the activities of the three brothers brought about another Mongol invasion. They were at Male on 15 January 1301 with a force of 12,000

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men. They sieged Myin Zaing on 25 January 1301. To these people from the northern climes, the hot dry weather of central Burma would be most trying. The two enemies very quickly came to an understanding. Taking what they claimed to be tributes, the Mongols withdrew on 6 April 1301. Thihathu, the youngest of the three brothers, became king on 20 October 1309 and in 1312, he made Pinya his capital city. He and his successors tried to restore peace and promote agriculture. To check how much they had been successful in bringing prosperity to the land, kings often made inquests at all villages and towns in their territory and the first inquest was made on 12 March 1359 ( Inscriptions of Burma, Portfolio V, Plate 521, line 1). Unfortunately it was in that year that marauding Shans of some considerable force began to move south from Mogaung. They came even stronger in 1362. They ransacked Sagaing and then Pinya in 1364. Thado Minphya, a great grandson of Thihathu, tried to revive the kingdom by waging incessant wars. He successded in uniting central Burma under one control again. He chose Ava, that he built on 26 January 1365, as his capital city. About his wars, one record says: On 8 Jun 1365, Satuiw Mankri who had a great faith in the Ratan Sump and who did much to promote the Ssan, went down stream to attack and conquor Caku. (List of Inscriptions found in Burma, I, List number 632, Lines 1 to 5) Caku having been suppressed, Satuiw Mankri returned (to Ava). On the way back, a stop was made at Kukhan. A feast was given when one ox, one pig, five fowls and 10 klok of beverage were consumed. (List 630a/18-21)

Thado Min Hpya did not live long. He reigned for three years and died
young. Min Gyi Zwa Saw Ke, his brother-in-law succeeded him on 3 September 1367. The political situation in the kingdom of Ava had greatly improved in the long reign of this king. It is noticeable by the fact that the king ordered in 1373 a

convention of learned monks

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to be held in his city and a religious examination was also to be conducted during that convention. (List 698a/24-6). Prosperity at Ava was mentioned in a record of 7 February 1375 as: The Ssan had prospered far exccedingly than it had prospered before. Both at day and night, the people were obsessed with the desire to do dna and to observe sila. Buddhist monks, Brahmins and all men and women were so pleased with their lot as the king was able to bestore peace on them by conquering all Burma. The city of Ava was like Tavatimsa. (List 182/1-10) Although the above statement says that the king had conquered all Burma, we know that Ava had. early in the 15th century, control only over the following fifty three towns.
Ah Myint Badon Bagyi Hse Daik Choon Daung Hlaing Det Hti Lin Kale Kani Kyauk Ba Daung Laung Shay Lei Gine Mek Kha Ya Min Don Min Dut Mya Daung Myay De Myay Du Myin Zaing Nat Mauk Nga Singu Nga Ya Nai Nyaung Yan Pagan Pakhan Gyi Pakhab Nge Pa Hta Na Go Pauk Myine Pinle Pintale Pyi Pyinzi Sagaing Sagu, Salin

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Singu Si Poke Taya Tabayin Tagaung Toloke Taung Dwin Thagaya Tharrawaddy Thayet Toungoo Wadi Wa Yin Doke Yamethin Yay Hlwe Nge Khayaing Yaw Ye Hlay Hse Zin Yenangyaung Yindaw Ywatha (Hmannan, I 1967, pp. 405, 442 & 451)

Old Mon inscriptions have very

little information on lower Burma

conditions after the fall of Pagan. In chronological order, all the information that we could get from them is as follows: 1436 Banya Yan (Rmarjadhirj, 1426-46)made some repairs at the Shwedagon which was destroyed by an earthquake. (Mon Inscriptions, 1965,II, p.59) The relic chamber of Hta Lu pagoda at Kyaiklat built by a rich man called Thiwaka is closed. (MI, II, p.59) Queen Shin Saw Bu (Banya Htaw 1453-72) dedicated land at the Kyaik Ma Yaw pagoda that she built. (MI, II, p.60) Queen Shin Saw Bu left the affairs of state with her son-inlaw Damazedi. (MI, II, p.61) Damazedi decided to do a religious reformation in lower Burma called Rmaadesa (Kalyani Inscription, edited by LPW, 1958, p.59) Defenses of Hanthawaddy made stronger. (MI, II, p.62) Mahrmavihra monastery founded by Damazedi finished (MI, II, p.62) Shin Saw Bu and Damazedi together had repaired seven ruined pagodas. (MI, II, p.63)

10 October 25 September

1442 1455 1457 1458

7 April

1461 1462 1469

2 January

1470 1472 1475

11 January 21 January

1476 1476

22 January

1476

16 February 23 February 3 March

1476 1476 1476

6 March 7 April 13 April 6 July 16 July

1476 1476 1476 1476 1476

17 July 18 July 19 July 3 September 25 September 2 October 3 October 6 October

1476 1476 1476 1476 1476 1476 1476 1476

Sharing the merit ceremony after having repaired the seven ruined pagodas. (MI, II, pp.64-5) Damazedi assumed kingship with the regnal title of Rmadhipati and reigned until he died in 1492. Rmadipati called a religious council of twenty two senior monks headed by Moggallna and contemplated that a religious reformation should begin with a mission to Srilank and the consecration of ordination halls called Sima. (K, pp.66 and 69) Rmadhipati made preparations to build the Kyaik Poon pagoda. (MI, II, p.66) As part of the programme for religious reformation, Senior Sivali and party left Burma from the mouth of Yoga river for Srilanka. (K, p.72) As part of the programme for religious reformation. Senior Sivali and party left Burma from the mouth of Yoga river for Srilank. (K, p.72) Sivali at Colombo. (K, p.72) Sivali visited Anurdha. (K,p.72) Moggallna and party at Vallira after great misery in a storm; because of a rebellion they could not proceed immediately to Colombo. (K, p.73) Constructions at the KyaikPoon pagoda begun.(MI,II, p.66) Moggallna and party left Vallira. (K, p.73) Moggallna and party at Jayavata. (K, p. 73) Moggallna and party joined with Sivali party and visited the Tooth Relic chamber. (K. p. 73) All monks from Rmaadesa had to leave the monk hood first to be ordained the Srilank way as monks of the Buddhist Order; five most senior among them were ordained. (K. p. 74) Another ten were ordained. (K. p.75) Another seven were ordained. (K. p.75) Twenty two disciples of twenty two seniors were ordained. (K. p.75) Moggallna and party entered the Yoga river in Burma and stopped at Dagon. (K. p.77) Rmadhipati left Hanthawaddy for Dagon; the big bell made by his order for the Shwedagon was ready. (K.p.80) Ceremony of hanging the king's bell at the Shwedagon; it weighed 3,000 viss. (K.pp.77& 80) Rmadhipati offered a feast to all monks at Dagon. (K. p.80) Rmadhipati left Dagon. (K. p.80)

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10 October 12 October 22 November

1476 1476 1476

23 November 24 November

1476 1476

27 November 30 November

1476 1476

15 April

1477

24 April 8 May 12 May 15 May 22 June 23 August 8 July

1477 1477 1477 1477 1477 1477 1479

15 September 15 October 28 October 24 February 28 February 29 February

1479 1479 1479 1480 1480 1480 1485

Rmadhipati arrived back at Hanthawaddy. (K. p.80) Monks who had recently visited Srilank arrived back at Hanthawaddy. (K. p.80) Rmadhipati and monks looked for a suitable site to build an ordination hall and all agreed to use the plot close to the betel garden of minister Narasura. (K. p.84) New ordination hall consecrated and named Kalyani Sima. (K. pp. 84, 94 & 98) With Suvannasobhana Mahthera as Upajjhya, ordination services begun; it took three years to have 800 seniors and 14,265 juniors ordained (K.pp. 88&92); and the whole programme reformation was declared over only after twelve years. More Sima were consecrated. (K.p.95) Rmadhipati gave a feast to 245 monks and suggested some special points to consider before a candidate is accepted for ordination in future.(K.p.89) Sivali and party, after suffering much hardship in a storm, reached Nagaratta in south India; the party broke up into several groups to take separate ships to Burma. (K.p.79) Culabhayatissa (one of former Sivali group) reached Negrais. (K.p.79) Three more reached Negrais. (K.p.79) Those three reached Bassein. (K. p. 79) Culabhayatissa at Bassein (K. p. 79) All four got back to Hanthawaddy. (K.p.79) Kalyani Cetiya built; Kalyani Bodhi tree planted (K. p. 99) Princess Talamevandavati (daughter of Ramadhipati) given the duty to build the Bhumicankamana Cetiya (K. p. 73); Prince Mahrjadeva (son of Rmadhipati) assigned to make replicas in exact scales and distances apart, of Buddhist monuments at Budh Gaya (K.p.71) Mangala and five shipwrecked monks lefts Komala for Burma (K.p.79) Mangala and five reached Negrais (K.p.79) Mangala and five reached Hanthawaddy (K.p.80) Ordination of 600 at the king's expense begun at the Kalyani Sima begun (K.pp.102-4) Ordination of 600 over (K.p.104) Rmadhipati gave a feast to new monks.(K.p.104) Min Gyi Nyo became an independent ruler at

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7 April 10 April

1492 1501 1501 1502

1509 1517 1523 1524 1526 1527 1530 1538 1539 1542 1550 1551 1551 1552 1554

13 March

1 May 11 January 30 August 12 March 12 January

22 January 9 November 8 January 10 January 8 February

1555 1556 1557 1557 1557

10 February

1557

17 February

1557

Toungoo with the regnal title of Mahsirijeyasura. Banya Yan became king at Hanthawaddy. Kng Min Gaung II of Ava died. King Narapati II ascended the throne at Ava; Shan marauders moved south Prome rebelled and took territory up to Magwe; Shans of Mohnyin took the northern territories of Ava down to Myay Du and Nge Ya Nai. Narapati II built a new palace and came to be known as Shwe Nan Kyawt Shin. More Shan disturbances Shans came again and reached an agreement with Prome to destroy the power of Ava completely. Battle of Taung Bi Lu; Ava king defeated and abandoned Ava. Thu Shin Dagah Yoot Pi became king atHanthawaddy. Shwe Nan Kyawt Shin died of gun shot in combat; Tho Han Bwa took Ava Mahsirijeyasura of Toungoo died; Tabin Shwe Hti became king Tabin Shwe Hti captured Hanthawaddy; Thu Shin Dagah Yoot Pi fled to Prome and died on the way Tho Han Bwa murdered 1,300 monks at Ava Tho Han Bwa assassinated Tabin Shwe Hti assassinated Bayin Naung conquered Toungoo (Mon Inscriptions, edited by Chit Thein, 1965, Part II, p.106) Bayin Naung conquered Prome (MI, II,p.106) Bayin Naung conquered Hanthawaddy (MI,II, p.106) Bayin Naung's coronation; took the regnal title of Siripara mahdhammarjdhirja; popularly called Hsinbyushin (MI, II, p.106) Hsinbyushin conquered Ava (MI, II, p.106) Hsinbyushin marched northh against Shans (MI, II, p.107) Hsinbyushin left Ava (MI, II,p.107) Hsinbyushin conquered Mong Mit, Hsipaw and the ruby land (MI, II, p.107) Hsinbyushin built a pagoda on the n. w. of Mong Mit to commemorate the conversion of Shans to Buddhism (MI, II, p.107) Hsinbyushin built a pagoda at Hsipaw; a grandson of Mong Mit Saopha was made Saopha at Mong Mit; Prince Hsum Hsai was made Saopha at Hsipaw (MI, II, p. 107) Hsinbyushin left Mong Mit (MI, II, p.107)

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Hsinbyushin reached Hti Gyint by a pontoon bridge across the Irawaddy (MI, II, p.107) 28 February 1557 Hsinbyushin left Htigyint (MI, II, p. 107) 6 March 1557 Hsinbyushin conquered Mohnyin (MI, II, p. 108) 26 March 1557 Hsinbyushin conquered Magaung (MI, II, p. 108) 2 April 1557 Hsinbyushin forbade the slaughter of slaves at a chief's burial (MI, II, p. 108) 9 April 1557 Hsinbyushin left Mogaung (MI, II, p. 108) 23 May 1557 Casting the big bell of Hsinbyushin for the Nyaung U Shwezigon (MI, II, p. 108) 10 October 1581 Hsinbyushin died (Hmannan, III, 1967, p.61) Under Hsinbyushin (1554-81) the Burmese empire had grown quite extensive. (Hmannan, III, 1967, p.62) It included:
Annam Bassein Bhamo Chiengmai Dvaravati Hota Hsenwi Hsipaw Kaing Mah Kale Kathe (Manipur) Keng Hsi Keng Hung Kengtung Ketumati (Toungoo) Laisa Lawk Sawk Maing San Makkhaya Mang Pat Martaban Mogaung Mohnyin Mong Kung Mong Man Mong Mit Mong Nai Mong Nung Mong Wun Mong Yang Myak Hna Me (Chin) Myin Zaing Nawng Wawn Ohn Baung (Old Hsipaw) Pagan, Pinya

20 February

1557

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Pisalok Sanda Sigwin Sukot ' ai Tannessarim Taungdwin Tavoy Tharrawaddy Thayaykhittaya Vienchen Yadanapura (Ava) Yamethin Yawnghwe

This extensive empire did not last long. Under the next king (Ngazu Dayakah 1581-99 popularly known as Nandabayin) all of them were lost. (Hmannan, III 1967, p.108) Hanthawaddy fell on 9 December 1599 and Ngazu Dayaka was assassinated on 20 October 1600. (Hmannan, III, p. 106) In about the middle of the 17th century, sometime before the fall of Ava on 31 March 1752 (Hmannan, III, p.392), a list of towns under Ava was made and kept at the Royal Archives. It is as follows:
Amyint Ava Badon Bayanathi Belwin Byama Myo Thit Guhtoot Hintha Hlaingdet Htauksha Htikyin In Ma In Ma In Shay Kani Ka Nyin Myaung Khan Daw Khet Thin Kin Dah Kin Ton Pei Kukhan Gyi Kyauk Myaung Kyauk Ye Kyan Nhyat

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Kyun Zone Kwan Tha Ya Le Dwin Wun Gyin Le Gine Madaya Magwe Magyi Ma Hpe Makkaya Male Malai Ma Loon Mindon Moksobo Mon Mya Daung Mya Wadi Myaung Myaung Gaung Myaung Hla Mye De Mye Du Myin Gon Daing Myin Goon Myin Mu Myin Zaing Myint Tha Myit Twin Myo Hla Myo Taung Myo Thit Myo Thit Ga Bine Nga Mya Nga Nwe Gon Nga Ya Nai Nga Zoon Nyaung Ok Nyaung Yan Nyaung Yin Nyaung Woon Pa Hta Na Go Pagan Pa Nan Pan Dain Pandaung Pan Htan Pan Nga Myin Pauk Myine Paung De, Paung Dwe, Pe Daung, Tagaung, Pe Hkwe

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Pet Pine Phaung Lin Phyin Ta Pinle Pintale Pinya Pu Tet Pya Gaung Pyaung Bya Pyaw Pyi, Boot Le, Nga Lwe Thi, Nyaung Bin Zeik, Shwe Daung, Sit Tu Yin, Ta Le Zi Pyinmana Pyinza Pyinzi Pyintha Sagaing Taung Thin Sagu Sagyin Salin, Saw, Laung Shay San Pah Na Go Sa Yan Sekka Pu Shwe Daung Kyee Thei Shwe Myo Shwe Nan Daw Sin Chay O Sin Gaung Singu Sitha Si Toke Taya Sone Soon Yei Tabayin Tabyettha Tagaung Ta Gyin Taing Dah Talei Zi Taloke Ta Mah Kyat Ta Myo Ta Ohn / north Ta Ohn / south Ta Shauk Taung Bi Lu Taung Byone Gyi Taungdwin Taungdwingyi, Taung Gwin, Taung Pain

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Taung Ywa Taung Zin Te Daw Thagaya Tha Min Gyan Than Sha Thauk Sha Tharrawaddy Thawutthi Thayet Thet Kei Gyin Thet Kyah Thet Nge Toungoo U Min Koe Wadi Wa Yin Doke Wetmasoot Wet Yei Yan Aung Ya Main Yamethin, Pet Pine, Pya Gaung, Ta Myin San, Taung Nyo Ya Mon Yan Man Yay Nyo Yay Tha Ye Hlay Yenangyaung Yenatha Yindaw Ywa Tha (Zabu Kun Gya, unpublished MS, folio 40-6; Zadadawbon Yazawin, 1960, pp. 959; see also ROB 31 May 1679 fro comparison.)

This list gives the area over which the king of Ava had his control. In another words, it was in all these places where the Royal Orders of Burma would be respected. Please note that the names on the east, west and north of modern Burma are missing in this list.

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THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, AD 1598-1885; PART II, AD 1649-1750

SUMMARY
29 October 1550 Order : (1) Made Zayyawadi strong. (2) Consult the oracles before mounting an attack on Toungoo. (3) Now that the oracles being favourable, prepare the attack. This Order was proclaimed by Daw Banya on 29 October 1550/ Note: One brother of Thamain Saw Htut, Lord of Sittang, assassinated King Mintaya Shwe Hti on 1 May 1550 (Hmannan, II, 1967, p. 257) and Thamain Saw Htut made himself king, assuming the title of Thamain Sakka Waw. Tuyin Thiha brought the news to Bayin Naung who was on some military expedition at Dala. Bayin Naung (Who was soon to become king) had some forces with him and he knew that he would have to fight his way to the throne. He marched north along the Sittang valley and stopped at a place about twenty miles from Toungoo and named that place Zayyawadi. He attacked and captured Toungoo on 11 January 1551, Prome on 30 August 1551 and finally he appeared at Hanthawaddy which he took on 12 March 1552. (See Than Tun : " Historical Information in the Early Mon Inscription", the Universities Pyinnya Padetha, IV, iv, December 1969, pp. 37-67) 30 November 1551 Order: (1) After the conquest of Prome (on 30 August 1551) and taking advantage of disunity among the people at Hanthawaddy Pegu, made preparations to go and attack it by the water route. (2) Prince Prome shall take a force against Dala.

This Order was procalimed by Daw Banya on 30 November 1551.

17 June Order: (1)

1565 Minister Thadothiri Maha U Zana shall report immediately why the Chiengmai campaign, launched in October 1564, could

not have a quick success as it had been expected.

(2) The Minister shall explain his lack of personal supervision in this expedition. This Order was proclaimed by Daw Banya on 17 June 1565. Note: The Chiengmai campaign, started on 22 October 1564, was led by King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin himself. As there was a serious slave rising at

Hanthawaddy, he left Chiengmai on 10 April 1565 and got back at Hanthawaddy on 8 May 1565.One thousand slaves were killed and another one thousand of them were captured. Only seventy of their leaders were executed. (See Than Tun: "Ayut' ia Men in the Service of Burmese Kings, 16th & 17th Centuries", Tonan Ajia Kenkyu (Southeast Asian Studies), XXI, iv, March 1984, pp. 400-8) 3 April 1568

A Buddhist mission from Srilanka arrived. Six novices who came with the mission requested permission to have them ordained Buddhist monks. One man of the mission wanted to become a novice. Order: (1) Teach the novices and the man from Thein Go the necessary lessons before the ordination service and the noviciate initiation respectively. (2) Give them proper dress and retinue when they come for their respective ceremonies on 2 December 1568. (3) Give a feast to 57 senior monks after the ceremonies. This Order was proclaimed by Nay Maindara on 3 April 1568. Note : On 12 May 1568, King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin knew that Thialand had rebelled. (Hmannan, II 1967, p. 393) He led a campaign against Ayut's on 11 October 1568 (Hnn, II, p.402) and Ayut'ia fell on 31 July 1569. (Hnn, II, p.418) As the ordination service was scheduled on 2 December 1568, the king would not be able to attend it.

5 April

1568

It was impossible to stop crimes altogether in an empire as wide as that of King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin. When there ever was a crime, a punishment was made accordingly. The king could not avoid it. Order: (1) Do not punish the crimes in connection with the king's property. All such crimes are condoned. (2) Ministers shall remind the king when he forgets this and orders anyone to be punished for sedition, etc. (3) Duties of the Palace Defense must be carried out / any relent. (4) Those found to be negligent of this duty would be exiled. This order was proclaimed by Nay Maindara on 5 April 1568.

10 April

1568

In the list of families taken in ? 1483, it was found that a man and his grandchildren were grouped as of one family while his son was mentioned as the head of another family. This is not correct. Order :(!) Put four generations, i.e. a man , his children , his grandchildren and his great-grandchildren under one family in the list of families now be collected . (2) Mention clearly the relationship of each person entered in the list with the head of the family together with the information that whether he or she is adult or child. Note :When a fighting force like a Thwe Thauk (Infantry) or Thay Nat (Guns) is organised, the list of family of each member of the group is taken with particulars as to name , sex , birth day and age of the member, the names of his parents, his wife , his in-laws his childern,etc. with classification as to Kya Gyi (Male Adult) , Kya Nge (Male Child) , Ma Gyi (Female Adult ) and Ma Nge (Female Child) as the case may be. This is the first Order we ever find instructing how a family

list is to be taken in a group of presumably the fighting men . 1 March 1569 It is important to check the various organization of the fighting forces often so that a man of one group would not have a chance to neglect his duty by getting himself lost in another group which he considered better than his own. To have these forces well organized so that they would be available at short notice, is also in keeping with the kingly duties of defending the life and property of all the subject people and to support the Religon. Oeder:(1) Administer the oath of allegiance to all men of the fighting forces. (2) Administer the oath of allegiance to the common folk called Athi living in areas called

Maha Dan Tike Myauk Hpet Tike Nga Soe Tike Hsin Chay Tike and Twin Thin Tike. (3) Recruit men from the Athi of these areas into the forces. (4) Stop asking any levies or collecting any old debts from these recuits. (5) Enlist the sons or grandsons of the fighting men who hae attained puberty recently, into the Thay Nat (Guns). (6) Allow the leaders of these fighting forces to use uniforms ,etc. befiting their status. This Order was proclaimed by Daw Banya on 1 March 1569.

Note : The king was away from the capital city on a campaign against Ayut'ia (which he took on 31 July 1569) , when this order was passed. The mention of Yadana Thein Hka as one of the places of Myauk Hpet Tike is an anachronism here.

20 February

1570

Sapha of Hsenwi reported that there were encroachments upon the territories of Hsenwi and Chiehgmai by the neighbouring states of Siwi and Khanti. Order: Banya Dala with acontingent of 30 elephants, 300 horses and 1,000 men , Banya Set with 30 elephants , 300 horses and 1,000 men , shall march against the enemies. This order was proclaimed by Nay Maindara on 20 February 1570. Note : King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin was on the Viencheng campaign when he passed this and another Order of 6 October 1570 .(See Hmannan, II 1967, pp. .42333)

(25) July

157(0)

Makers of gold foils were given 1 tical of gold (equal to the weight of 160 seeds called Yway) and they produced only 8 to 9 packets of foils . In addition to this , the purity of gold was also decerased from 24 carats to 18. There was much dishonesty. The wages they took , however , was far too high . They deserved severe punishments. Order : (1) Commute the death penalty given to the makers of gold foils with lashings in the public. (2) Nga Hpyu , the San Gaing (Person responsible to maintain the quality of the product ) , is dismissed from his position and appoint Wunna Thura in his place. (3) Fix how much weight of gold of a certain purity could produce how much foils at a certain given wage and any disparity to the given standard would be given which kind of punishment.

This Order was proclaimed by Daw Banya on (25) July 157(0).

Note : King Hanthaawaddy Hsinbyushin left Hanthawaddy on 11 October 1568 (Hmannan ,II 1967,p.402) on a campaign against Ayut'ia and he captured Ayut'ia on 31 July 1569 (Hmn ,II,p.418) .From Ayutia , he went to Vienchang on 14 October 1569 (Hmn,II,p.423) and he was back at Hanthawaddy only on 11 June 1570 (Hmn,II,p.433) . In all probability this order would have been given on 25 July 1570 when he gave 35.30 viss (128.845 lbs / 58.442803 kg ) of silver ( which was his body weight ) for gold to gilt the Maha Zedi ( Hmn, II,p.433).

6 October Order :

1570 Prince Sagaing and Prince Badon shall each lead a contingent of 30 elephant , 300 horses and 1,000 men against Siwi and Khanti and strike the enemy with all vehemence.

This Order was proclaimed by Nay Maindara on 6 October 1570.

6 September Order : (1)

1573 Maha Min Gaung shall take command of the following twelve

contingents and march them to Mong Pai to suppress a Karenni rebellion which was raging on alliance with Vienchang.
Chief 1 Ye Gaung Setka Kyaw 2 Ye Gaung Paw Sa 3 Mani Ye Gaung 4 Nat Kyaw Thu 5 Ye Gaung Naya Kyaw Htin 6 Shwe Daung Let Wei 7 Thiri Sithu Kyaw Hkaung 8 Thiri Wai Thu 9 Nga Hmun 10 Thura Nawyatha 11 Thiri Yaza Thin Gyan 12 Maha Min Gaung Total Horsemen 32 35 19 40 60 40 40 Lancers 88 80 46 67 160 250 240 260 197 247 257 217 2,109 Gun Men Total 120 115 65 500 400 500 500 500 377 397 387 500 4,361

83 349

433 200 250 200 200 140 150 130 200 1,903

(2) The troops shall march on the double by making two or three day journey into one wherever possible. (3) There shall be no marauding along the route of march.

(4) Made offerings to all local guardian spirits at every stop on the route. (5) At Mobye, these 4,361 men shall join with men who were already there. They are:
1 2 3 4 5 6 500 2,000 700 1,700 1,000 6,000 11,900 4,361 16,261 Gun Armed Armed Armed Armed Armed Men under Nay Myo Ye Gaung Men under Nay Myo Yan Naing Men under Nat Kyaw Bala Men under Samka Chief Men under Mong Sit Men of various groups of Kyi Wun amd Ngwe Hkun Wun Armed Men under the command of Maha Min Gaung Total

(6) Make sure that food provision and ordnance are adequate at Mong Pai. (7) Mong Hkon granaries shall supply rice to the troops. (8) When fighting is on, let everybody try his best and bravest to get quick and decisive victory. (9) Report immediately all acts of bravery on battle so that rewards could be sent forthwith. (10) Punishments for cowardice and desertion shall also be quick and severe. (11) Execute summarily anyone who ignore these orders. This order was proclaimed by Yama Yaza on 6 September 1573.

14 November

1573

Order: (1) Taung Tha Man Nat. Taung Byone Nat, Taung Myint Nat,Nga Taung Gyi Nat, Maha Giri Nat and Two Brother Nats called Min Nyi Naung, who are supposed ro be the guardian spirits of the kingdom, shall afford the supernatural assistance to the fighting forces to realise a quick victory over Kaw Wila, Chief of Bangkok, who is an arch enemy of the Religion.

(2) When the expected help is not forthcoming, set fire to the shrinesof these guardian spirits. This Order was proclaimed by Yama Yazaon 14 November 1573. Note : The chronicles do not mention this uprising o the Chief of Bangkok.

4 February

1574

Learned Brahmins made three suggestions that (1) new era should be started to avert dangers that would be the fate of the country if the old era is continued in use, (2) that the king should leave the palace to abide in the meanwhile at a temporary palace of thatch and (3)that a new throne should be installed with due ceremomy. Order: Bring Lokuttara Sayadaw to the pavalion of multiple roofs and ask his opinion on the suggestions made by the learned Brahmins. This Order was proclaimed on (4 February 1574). Lokuttara Sayadaw said that (!) a new era is unnecessary until Sakkaraj 1332 (AD 1970) , (2) a change of royal residence from a magnificent palace to a thatch one is absurd, (a new annex at the palace would serve the purpose) and (3) a new throne shall wait until the twelve year cycle is complete (i.e. until Sakkaraj 936 is over) because such a ceremony requires the attendence of all the vassals in these empire. Note : Lokkuttara Sayadaw was of the opinion that Brahmins supposed to be learned in astrology were not really good in their profession.

14 March

(1574)

Over twenty years had passed (since King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin's Coronation on 12 January 1554) and though the king often told the people (including monks ) to observe the sabbaths in close conformity with the scriptures , they failed to do so. The reason

was either ignorance or stubbornness or both . Order: (1) Follow the scriptures in performing all religions ceremonies. (2) Make the calendar so that intercalary month and the Buddhist Lent are placed correctly. (3) Carry on with the religious examinations as usual. (4) Send this Order to all provincial chief. This Order was proclaimed by Nay Maindara on 14 March (1574)

(14 March

1574)

King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin's territoroes were more extensive than those of his predecessors and with benevolence he guided the people in all these territories to lead a good Buddhist life. Unfortunately monks were divided into various sects. The king considered that the sect was of no importance if each individual monk lived in accordance with the way of the ascetics. Order : (1) Allow old sects like Pwe Gyaung, Si Tee (Drum Beating Monks) and Mee Hnak (Lantern Turning Monks) to revive. (2) Considering that robes do not make religion, allow monks to put on robes in any style that they prefer. (3) Grant religious toleration to all people. This Order was proclaimed by Daw Banya on (14 March 1574).

24 May

1575

The Lokipanna (Non-religious) work called Rajamattan does not mention that there are variations in the length of daytime or nighttime in accordance with a season. In another words, there are 30 hours (by the Burmese way of reckoning) in the day and 30 at night. The Pahara (Striking the Big Drum to tell Time) Tower announces four times (i.e. every seven and a half hour) in the day and another four at night.

Order :(1) (2)

Make no difference between the day and night periods. Strike the time announcement regularly at every seven and a half hour instead of every eight hour at day in hot season or every seven hour at day in cool season.

This Order was proclaimed by Nay Maindara on 24 May 1575.

9 April

(1597)

On 17 August 1597, the old city of Ratanapura will become again a city of royal residence with a new name of Shwe Wa. It would be like King Thamokdayit building Pagan protected by a wood stockade at the foot of the Taywin range of hills by amalgamating nineteen villages in AD 107. As the monsters that appeared at Pagan in the shape of a bird, a stag and a squirrel were destroyed by Hpyu Saw Hti , so in the same way any danger threatening Shwe Wa would be averted by King Nyaungyan. Order: (1) Extend the area of Shwe Wa on the west so that the city area would include aplace called Hsin Daw Ya but to exclude the shrines of guardian spirits called Kyauk Maung Hnama (Brother and Sister of Kyauk). (2) The new city must have nine gates and shrines of Aung Zwa (Guardian of Horsmen) and Nga Zi Shin (Guardian of Elephant Men). (3) (4) Properly define the Pya (Block) divisions. Define the palace enclosure within which are to build the Earth Palace, Bye Dike, Hluttaw, Win Yone, Nauk Yone, etc. (5) Send to the city site experts in mantra and astrology under the charge of Thiri Maha Dhamma. (6) Report progress of constructions frequently.

This Order was progress of the Head of Heralds on 9 April (1597).

10

Note : According to the Hmannan,III 1967, we have the following chronology. 1596 Queen of Ngazudayaka (sister of Prince Toungoo) died (p.98) Prince Prome(son of King Ngazudayaka)rebelled(pp.98-9) Prince Toungoo (step brother of King Ngazu - dayaka) rebelled (p.99) Prince Nyaungyan (step brother of King Ngazu -dayaka) rebelled (p.99) November 1596 King of Arakan took Syriam (p.100) March 1597 Prince Toungoo marched against King Ngazu -dayaka at Hanthawaddy (p.100) 9 April 1597 Prince Nyaungyan made himself king, decided to make Ava as his capital city and passed an order to that effect. 1597 Prince Nyaungyan made himself king. 29 April 26 June 1597 Constructions begun at Shwe Wa which had been deserted for the last four years. (p.121) 2 July 1597 King Nyaungyan seized Yamethin (p.116) 4 July 1597 King Nyaungyan moved to Shwe Wa; builkings were not yet ready; he camped at Tade U outside Shwe Wa; in the meanwhile he decied to take Pagan under his control (p.116) 1597 King Nyaungyan took Pagan (p.117) 22 July 17 August 1597 King Nyaungyan occupied Shwe Wa. 9 December 1599 King Nyaungyan dethroned and taken to Taungoo (p.102) Ngazudayaka assassinated at Toungoo (106) 1600 20 October In the list of nineteen villages that made Pagan, except Nuaung U, others could not be identified. Singu is the name given to a place during a rebellion in about AD 1084 and therefore it could not be in existence before Pagan was built. (See Hmannan, I 1967, p.188) There year AD 107 given as the year when Pagan was built is also question. 24 April

29 April

1597

Prince Nuaungyan virtually declared himself king by appointing Maha Ukka Dhamma and MahaUkka Sena ministers even before moving his residence to Shwe Wa, and prescribed the duties of ministers. Order: Ministers now appointed shall do the following : (1) Give the king all kinds of useful information. (2) Look after the interest of the king exclusively.

11

(3) Work full times on state affairs. (4) Help the people whenever help is necessary. (5) Try to mitigate crimes like theft and arson. (6) Administer punishment in proportion to the extent of the crime. (7) Report the king on the ability of men in subordinate services. (8) Report on the efficient of all the king's officers. (9) Aid the people according to the needs of their respective classes. (10) Give provisions, etc. to king's officers who are in need of them. (11) Supply the necessary equipments or the insignias of rank to all officers. (12) Take measures at all times to prevent crimes like robbery and rape. (13) Quote the precedent as to what crime and advise the king on giving judgement. (14) Dissuade people who have a tendency for crime from doing anything bad. (15) Take no bribes. (16) Suppress anger during the trial of any case. (17) Try to discover truth before judgement. (18) Take care not to be unduly influenced by clever lawyers. (19) Pass a judgement so that each party gets what it deserves. (20) Check the seating plan on audience day so that each courtier sits in his proper place wearing his proper ceremonial robe which is in good condition. (21) Molest no young woman.

12

(22) Have a correct bahaviour at all time. (23) Demote officers for corruption or negligence of duty. (24) Observe daily the five silas. (25) Observe once in every week the eight silas. (26) Extend Metta to the king. (27) Extend Metta to all creatures. (28) Try to do meritorious deeds as often as possible. (29) Minimise the big offence and mitigate the minor one. (30) Take half of the gifts received and send the other half to the king's stores. (31) Send the taxes, dues, revenues, custom duties, etc. promptly on the first day of every month to the king's treasury or granary as the case may be. (32) Wait from ten to thirty days before a prisoner is given the punishment meant for him and report the execution of the punishment to the king. (33) Recommand promotions. (34) Know the king's pleasures and displeasures. (35) Say nothing that should not be said (i.e. keep the state secrets well). (36) Don't retract words that had been said. (37) Act like a gardener nursing the trees or weeding the unwanted plants in matters of state projects. (38) Get the best people to guard the king. (39) Do nothing detrimental to the interest of the king. (40) Do not give much favour to one's wife. (41) Have time to improve oneself by learning from or

13

discussing with learned men. (42) Sleep only one third of the night time. (43) Try to follow the thirty two features of a good and wise man. (44) Keep personal interests far away when one is performing a state duty. (45) Suppress heresy. (46) Check misappropriations as frequently as possible. (47) Keep proper account of revenues, etc. (48) Keep proper account of palace expenditures. (47) Report account discrepancies immediately. (50) Give the ministers insignias befitting their rank. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds at the Hluttaw on 29 April 1597.

29 May

1597

Order : (1) Make preparations to move the royal residence to Ava on 17 August 1597. (2) Propitiate the guardian spirits at Ava. (3) Propiation ceremonies shall be carried out by fifty Brahmins led by Ajagarurajinda. (4) Thiri Maha Dhamma, Thiri Okka Dhamma, Thiri Zaya Kyaw Thu, Raza Tha Yay, Sithu the Architect and 500 carpenters shall go to Ava to do the necessary. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 29 May 1597.

3 January 1650

Order : (1) Stop using insignias one is not entitled to use. (2) Record the insignias given and check any discrepancies.

14

This Order was proclaimed on 3 January 1650 16 March 1652

Order : (1) Take 3 viss (of copper) for a male slave and 2.5 viss for a female. (2) The child goes with the mother and it is not given a separate price. (3) Shwe Pyi Soe shall take 0.25 viss on every transaction as tax. (4) Nanda Kyaw Thu is given the right to collect rents, etc. at the Tagaung market. This Order was proclaimed on 16 March 1652. Note : (1) Allow no elaborate wood carvings of flotal designs to cover the whole exterior of a monastery. (2) Gilt the Dayin (an upward projection at the edge of a roof) and Chin Bait (a board covering the ends of rafters) but do not gilt the Myin Hmo Bait (a gable) in the exterior decoration of a monastery donated by a minister. (3) Fix a Marabin (a partition of wood carvings from the floor to the roof) but fix only a Sein Bu (a spherial top) and not a Hti (final) on the Dayin, instal a U-gin (an arch over a throne of the Buddha) and build a Hsin Kut (a balustrade) as part of the interior decoration of a monastery of a minister. (4) Use brick stairways and brick enclosure walls at a monastery of a minister. (5) Connive Nanda Kyaw Thu Who had a monastery built by overdoing the decorations both interior and exterior because it was

15

done prior to this Order which is meant to differentiate religious foundations by the Royalty from those of high officers. This Order was proclaimed by the Nanda Bala on 2 September 1653.

12 January

1654

Order : (1) Build the Bontha Tuloot monastery on a site west of Sagaing where King Narapati (1442-68) had had his temporary palace and the constructions should begin on 12 February 1654. (2) Build forty monasteries around the gig monastery and enclose the whole establishment within two walls. (3) Put up a stone inscription with the name of the establishment inscribed on it. (4) Construct a big hall running north-south on the east of the monastic compound; in the middle of the hall put an image of the Buddha in the Dharmacakranudra l at the south end of the hall the statuettes of 500 Arahants to represent the First Sangayana ; on the north end the statuettes of 700 Arahants to represent the Second Sangayana ; on the wall in the middle of the hall paint the Buddha at the Sattatthana with Devas and Brahmas in prayer attitude ;p paint also the eighteen kings of Ava with their queens, princesses and ministers in proper attitudes. (5) Have a big festival (on 12 February 1654) with music and dancing of Ayut'ia, Burmese, Chiangmai, India, Kathe, Mun and Shan. (6) Invite (on 12 February 1654) Saga Kyaung Sayadaw and fifty monks to the site of the East Hall, Anandadhaja Sayadaw and fifty monks to the site of the South Hall, Sagaing Minwun

16

Lay Htut Sayadaw and 100 monks to the site of the West Hall, Anuruddha Sayadaw and seventy monks to the site of the Notth Hall and Sayadaw Mahatilokaguru , Lokamhangin, Myit Ner Lay Htur, Way Zayanta, Pinya Bon San Tu Loot, UMin Daw U and Aung Tat each with seven monks to the site of the Main Hall to receite Paritta. (7) Supervise the festivals and the whole construction works by a committee consisting of Minister Vagga Dhamma, Deputy Minister Letya Yanda Make, Senior Clerk Yaza Theinga, one clerk of the stores and one clerk of the granaries. (8) Make a landing stage on the opposite of the Ava Mi Thway Tike, across the Irrawaddy on the Sagaing side and from that stage to the site of the monastery, make an avenue with 7,000 banyan trees and 7,000 toddy palm trees; assign a gang of workers to water these trees This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 12 February 1654.

1 January 1655 Order : (1) Hold the ceremony of handing over the Bon Tha Tu loot Golden Monastic Establishment to Tada U Thit Seint Bin Shin Saddhammasiri (Dithanagarajaguru) on 31 March 1655 (2) For gift to the monks, get one thousand each of the following Books called Parapike Bowls made of iron for begging Bowl covers made of copper Carpets Cups of porcelain Cushions Dippers Fans File covers called Sar Pa Lway Jars of lacquer

17

Knives Leather seats Mats Medicine chests Needles Pitchers Pots Robes for monks Scissors Slippers Staffs Soapstone for writing Tubes for palm leaf manuscripts and Umbrellas (3) Made another set of special gifts for the Chief of the Monastery. (4) Put twenty men under E Mun Hkun in the service of the monastery; give these men land where to live and to cultivate their crops. (5) Let Jaradinda andHarita Brahma announce the auspicious time on 31 March 1655 to begin the ceremony. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 1 January 1655 Note : See ROB 14 May 1720. 22 February 1656 Order :(!) Send provisions monthly to the Bon Tha Tu Loot monastery. (2) Funeral rites of Mons should be the same with those of the Burmese. This Order was proclaimed on 22 February 1656.

18 November

1657

Order : (1) Dedicate 100 Yoon (men from Chiengmai ) under Nga Mu Khan and his wife Saing Twe and Nga Bei Gyaw and his wife Mi Zan Bon as servants of the Religion at the monastic establishment called Way Lu Wun which was founded on 7 May 1657 and at the image of the Buddha which was made at that establishment on 14 June 1657.

18

(2)

Made Bala Kyaw Thu in charge of the maintenance of the establishment.

(3)

Let Min YE Naw Yahta and Nanda Thyra manage the dedication ceremony.

(4)

Give titles and fiefs to the following princes : Maung Bi Lu (Kyan Hnyap) Maung Nyo (Mya Daung) Maung Pyone / Min Ye Naw Yahta Min Ye Kyaw Htin (Toungoo) Min Ye Kyaw Gaung (Prome) Min Ye Thein Ga Thu Min Ye Thiha Thu Shin Nan Hset / Min Ye Kyaw Zwa Kyaw Do not allow a foreigner (probably a merchant ) to sell his house when he leaves the country nor allow him to take his wife who is a native of this country and children born to this wife with him; Nanda Thura shall keep such a house for another forgein trader who would like to stay here in future.

(5)

(6)

Do not allow foreigners to build new houses.

This Order was proclaimed on 18 November 1657. Note : See the ROBs of 9 April 1692 and 20 June 1718 about the servants from Chiengmai. 3 March 1658

Order : (1) Appoint the king's step brother Min Ye Kyaw Htin as the Governor of Toungoo. (2) Min Ye Kyaw Htin shall observe the following: 1/ Pledge allehiance only to the present liege. 2/ Regard the king with love and respect. 3/ Never do anything detrimental to the interest of the king. 4/ Promote prosperity and preserve peace in the province. 5/ Help the Religion and protect religious property. 6/ Suppress all crimes. 7/ Suppress all treasonable acts and send persons suspected of any conspiracy to the capital city.

19

8/ Suppose sedition in such a way that it could not happen again. 9/ Mininise a big offence and mitigate a minor offence. 10/ Help agriculture. 11/ Do not molest young women. 12/ Respect the life and property of all people. 13/ Do not keep any bad men in the service. 14/ Observe the way of chiefs. 15/ Be in amity with the members of the Royalty. 16/ Remember the maxim "The forest is well guarded by the tiger and the tiger is safe in the forest ". 17/ Come to pay homage to the king at the beginning and the end of the Buddhist Lent every year. 18/ Help the Athi ( Common Folks ) in the province so that they would thrive. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 3 March 1658

3 March

1658

Order: (1) Appoint the king's step brother Min Ye Kyaw Gaung as the Governor of Prome. (2) Min Ye Kyaw Gaung shall observe the following: Pledge allegiance only to the present liege Regard the king with love and respect. Never do anything detrimental to the interest of the king. Promote prosperity and protect religious property. Prevent crime in such a way that fire is extinguished before it grows big . 7/ Punish severely all traitors and send suspects to the capital. 8/ Suppress sedition in such a way that it could not happen again. 9/ Help agriculture. 10/ Do not molest young women. 11/ Observe the way of chiefs. 12/ Be in amity with the members of the Royalty. 13/ Remember the maxim "The forest is well guarded by the tiger and the tiger is safe in the forest". 14/ Come to pay homage to the king at the beginning and the end of the Buddhist Lent every year. 15/ Take only one tenth of the produce of the land or the income of a person as tax. 16/ Help the Athi (Common Folks ) in the province so that they would thrive. This Order was incribed on a gokd plaque on 3 March 1659. 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 6/

20

25 April 1659 Order : (1) Organize four groups of men for Hlay Daw (Royal Boats) (2) Organize twenty one groups of men for Hlaw Gar (State Boats with high ornamented sterns.)

26 November 1660 Order : (1) Call Min Ye Kyaw Htin, Governor of Toungoo, to come with 1,000 men to reinforce the defenses of the capital city against the Chinese invaders. (2) Call Min Ye Kyaw Gaung, Governor of Prome, to come with 1,000 men to reinforce the defenses of the capital city against the Chinese invaders. This Order was proclaimed on 26 November 1660 Note :On 24 May 1661 Min Ye Kyaw Gaung turned traitor and usurped the throne ; King Pintale was drowned in the Chindwin river.

2 June 1661 Order : Send the money collected at Kyun daw, Gaung Gyun and at the markets of the city to the treasury as usual. This Order was proclaimed on 2 June 1661 when the king came to the Zay Da Wun Zaung. 8 June Order: 1661 Senior officers of the Guards should not use men under then as they use their own domestic servants. This Order was proclaimed on 8 June 1661.

21 October 1661 Order: (1) Give good food to the Guards of the Palace to stop dysentry among them. (2) Report immediately any shortage of food supply.

21

This Order was proclaimed by Letya Tu Yin on 21 October 1661.

17 April

1662

Order : Keep a boy born to the union of a guard of the palace with a woman court musician or a female servant of the palace as reserve of the Guards. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by Min Thet Taw Shay on 17 April 1662.

1 May 1662 Order : Keep a boy born to the union of a Thay Nat (Guns) man of the palace with a female servant of the palace as a reserve of the Thay Nat (Guns) group. This order was proclaimed on 1 May 1662.

14 August 1662 Order: Cancel the pageant because of the rain. This Order was given to the four chiefs of the Palace Guards.

17 August 1663 Order : Appoint the leader of a fighting force by a popular vote. This Order was proclaimed on 17 August 1663

21 January 1664 Order: Let those men who owe a debt to the Lancers serve under him as lancers. This Order was given to the Yone Daw by Yaza Taman on 21 January 1664.

28 February 1664 Order : All children born to a union where one parent belongs to one of the elephant groups shall only belong to the elephant group without exception from this day of the order. This Order was proclaimed on 28 February 1664.

22

19 April 1664 Order: (1) Give loincloths bigger than normal sizes to the Guards of the Palace. (2) Use bigger Parabikes for records of the Guards. This Order was given to Min Yanda Thin Gyan, Yaza Theinga and Thiri Tandarat on 19 April 1664.

1 May

1664

Order : (1) Allow an officer, who has a seat in the Audience Hall and who has a title to have a retainer with him up to the door of the Audience Hall. (2) If it rains, that officer is allowed to put on his head a Hkamauk (large hat of bamboo sheath ) up to the inner door of the Audience Hall and he could leave one servant to hold it for him while he is in the Hall. This Order was proclaimed at the Rammaeady Palace pn 1 May 1664.

(22 May

1664)

Order: (1) Collecting and keeping all land records should be over by 1665. (2) Build a monastery at the site of an outpost at Thit Seint Bin and give it to Shin Aggasambodhi (Dhammabhiguru) of Prome. (3) Station Saw YAn Naung's men -1,000 men armed with guns: 500 on the left and 500 on the tight of the Earth Palace. (4) Made Prince Narawara the Crown Prince. (This Order was proclaimed on 22 May 1664).

11 June

1664

Order: (1) No elephant man could send his son to serve a money lender in settlement of a debt. (2) All children born of a union of a man from the elephant

23

group with a woman of any other group shall belong without exception to the group of their father. This Order was proclaimed at the Rammawady Palace on 11 June 1664.

31 March Order

1665 From now onward , for an emergency like fire or when an

elephant or a horse gets wild, within the palace yard, let men under Letya Yandathu, Yoma Yawda and Letya Tuyin deal with it.
Order was proclaimed by Letya Tuyin on 31 March 1665.

16 October

1665

Order:

Allow Letya Yanta Mate to build a rest house at Taung Bila with a decoration over the entrance. This Order was proclaimed by Ya(za) Kyaw Thu on 16 October 1665.
15 January Order: (1) 1666 Follow the custom of 'boys go with the father while girls stay with their mother' as regards the children of shield men, gun men, artillery men, Hpwa Bet Kyaw, Sa Hmyaung Shwe Tha Bauk, Ayoke Thama, Achoke Thama, Shay Daw Byay, U Yin Hsaunt and Myak Pah. (2) Put under Lamaing (King's Land Cultivators) the children born of a union between a woman of the Lamaing group with man from any of the Shwe Pan Pan horse group, Paung Lu Lin, Ah Hsaung Gine, Wayin Doke Tha, Thu Kyun,Kyaung Hmi, Kyanhg Kyun and Athi. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by Hayya Taman on 15 January 1666.

14 June Order :

1666 (1) Discourage the slaves of the Royal Family getting married

24

with other slaves. (2) Make one third of the children slave and two third free when a free woman takes a slave for her husband. This Order was proclaimed on 14 June 1666. Note : See also ROBs of 5 October 1681 and 20 March 1682.

15 September 1666 Order: Nobles should use the insignias of rank bestowed upon them and they should not use any other insignia which is not meant for them. This Order was proclaimed on 15 September 1666

21 November 1666

As the barracks where Amain Daw YaTha and Naui Tha live are adjoinede, these two groups of people should join hands in the maintenance of these quarters. This Order was proclaimed when the king visited the Bye Dike on 21 November 1666.
19 December 1666 Order: Kappa (Strangers is a village) are subjected to the control of the village in spite of the fact that they belong to any one of the fighting groups like Feringi Guns Kaung Han Ko Yan Daing Lak Kine Let Kine Let Ywe Daw Shin Daw Bala and Shin Daw Ywe. This Order was proclaimed at the court when both parties (i.e. men representing the military groups and men representing the civil groups) were present on 19 December 1666. Note : When the fighting men were at Nay Myay and Sa Myay (the land

Order:

25

given to them where they could have their homes and their fields of crop), they were not subjected to the control of any local civil administrative officer.

3 April 1667 Order: (1) Give no permission to aliens (presumably merchants ) to build a house and rent it to others. (2) If there is a house owned by a foreigner, confiscate it. (3) Allot a house to a new alien on his arrival at the city and he could have a woman of this country as hid wife living with him in that house. This Order was proclaimed on 3 April 1667.

1 February 1668 Order : (1) Give no permission to have either a decorated entrance or a decorated arch above the Buddha's throne and brick stairways in a monastery. This Order was proclaimed on 1 February 1668.

21 March Order;

1668 Money landers should not disturb the servise men in the four sectors of the palace

This Order was proclaimed on 21 March 1668.

6 October 1668 Order: Allow Nanda Thuriya to build a monastery with U Gin ( an arch above the Buddha's throne, and Sein Bu (a spherical ornament surmounting the vane of a steeple). This Order was proclaimed on 6 October 1668.

26

24 December 1669 Order : Issue a license to Nga Nyo and sons to start a new brokerage charging the customary commission fees. This Order was proclaimed on 24 December 1669.

27 June Order :

1670 In an appeal made by the Shan Guards in the case of Princess Myin Zaing vs the Shan Guards, confirm the decision of the lower court made in favour of the Princess.

This Order was passed by the Crown Prince at the court when both parties were present and it was proclaimed by Tuyin Pyissi, Tuyin Ponnya and Yaza Kitta on 27 June 1670. 13 August Order: (1) 1671 From now on, when one of the parents (either male or female) is a member of either Htaung Group or Lak Ma Htaung Group or Tagah Group, all the children belong to that parent's group. (2) These children are not to be mortaged or sold and if there were any such transactions, the money lender or buyer losts his money. This Order was proclaimed when the king came to the Paritta Hall on 13 August 1671. 16 February 1673 Order: (1) Min Ye Kyw Htin is made my successor as King (Wambe In-san , 1673-98) (2) Marry Min Ye Kyaw Htin with the king's sister ( Ruciyapabha). This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 16 February 1673. Note: King Narawara died after eleven months on the throne , at the age of twenty three years . The ministers Nanda Kyaw Htin, Banya Kyan Daw,

27

Nay Myo Nawyahta, Assistant Minister Sithu Nawyahta and the late king's sister Ruciyapabha selected the new king. This order is in fact the order of the king makers.

7 July Order : (1) (2)

1673 Selling children to settle a debt is not allowed. Punish the parents who had sold their children by tying their hair in four knots and leading them through the city while a crier shouted their misdeed and put them in the Burmese s stocks (not Indian or Chinese stocks ) later.

This Order was proclaimed on 7 July 1673.

26 March 1674 Order : Permit the Dowager Queen to have a monastery built on 30 April 1674 with four tires of roof , five promenades, decorated entrances, partitions of wood carvings and arch above the Buddha's throne. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 26 March 1674.

5 May Order :

1674 Permit the wife of Zayya Nanta Mate to build a monastery with a porch for elephant approach but not with decorated entrances.

Thes Order was given on 5 May 1674.

4 March Order :

1675 Punish severely Baw Ga Tha Htay for building a monastery with a Hsin Kap( for elephant approach) all around the building except on one span ;he deserves death but he isconnived the capital punishment as it was a work of merit

28

that he did and the monastery that built was for a noted monk. This Order was proclaimed on 4 March 1675

12 December Order:

1675 Allow the children of a deceased person of a group of service min to inherit his or her property and any objection made by the group of the deceased person holds no good.

This Order was made when the king visited the Bye Dike on 12 December 1675.

19 May Order : (1)

1678 Princes of the Royal Family who have had the Taw seats in the Audience Hall shall use Hkamauk (large hat of bamboo sheath) coloured red; officers below their rank shall use hats of green, red, yellow and black stripes.

(2)

Princes of the Royal Family shall wear robes of gold brocade while other officers wear robes of chintz at the annual tournaments.

This order was proclaimed on 19 May 1678.

19 May Order: (1)

1678 The use of gold leg bends and gold and ivory ear ornaments is restricted to the members of the families of nobles and ministers.

(2)

The families of Htaung Tagah Groups shall live only at the places alloted to them and no body else is allowed to live in their places.

This Order was proclaimed on19 May 1678.

29

26 July Order:

1678 When a propriator of a business firm died, his sons and daughters who inherit his estate shall not divided the firm into several units doing the same business; it is best to keep the firm as before with all inheritors as partners in the business.

This Order was proclaimed on 26 July 1678.

26 July Order: (1)

1678 Build no golden monastery within the area marked by the Min Ma Nah Gate, the Tuyin Thiha Pagoda, U Ta Mu Monastery at the four corners. (2) Nay Myo Kyaw Htin is allowed to build a monastery with an arch above the Buddha's throne and three brick stairways

This Order was proclaimed on 4 January 1679.

26 February Order:

1679 Officers of the administration should not take fees in a simple and straight case of inheritance where the wife inherits the deceased husband's property or vice versa and the children inherit the deceased parents' property.

This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw on 26 February 1679.

10 April Order: (1)

1679 The service men of the palace belonging to the following groups are not allowed to be ordained in the Buddhist

Order

30

of Monks. Bedin Sapyan Thi Koe Zu Bye Daik Taw Saunt Daung Yawy Hsin Hma Hnin Sat Tha Hmya Hsin Pike Pyin Hsin Say Thama Htaung Chin Htaung Thah Keng Hsi Pah Thu Gaung Zu Kya Thah Kyi Thah Lamaing Let Ma Htaung Let Ma Ywun Mye Nan Daw Saunt Myin Pike Myin Hma Hnin Sat Tha Hmya Myin Say Thama Myin Thi Thah Lu Lin Pyat That Taw Saunt Shan Thu Nge Thu Gaung Zu Tagah Thah Taik Thah Tha Bin Thei Tha Bauk Su Thet Kei Yeik U Yin Saunt Yan Chet The children of a union between a palace servant and any other servant shall become only palace servants. (3) As for the children of a union between two palace servants, the custom of boys go with father while girls stay with mother shall prevail. (4) (5) (6) (7) Two third of the children of a slave man with a free wife shall be free. Only sons of a free man and a slave wife shall be free. A service man shall never become a debtor slave. Any service man who trys to hide in the home of a noble should be returned to his service group without delay. This Order was proclaimed on 10 April 1679.

(2)

31

(10 April Order:(1)

1679) The revenue on exacting gold, silver, various gems, etc. should be collected as usual.

(2)

The officers of king's granaries shall take care of this revenue.

This Order was proclaimed on (10 April 1679).

( 31 May Order:

1679) Keep in the Royal Archives the Lisr of Towns and Villages of East Tike, South Tike, West Tike, North Tike,Twin Thin Tike, Mahadan Tike and Hsin Chi Tike.

This Order was proclaimed on (31 May 1679). Note: See Sketch Map of Central Burma showing the Position of Taiks in the 17th century on p.xiii of the Introduction to ROB I.

31 May

1679
Amyint Ba Dane Bassein (Pathein) Batta Dagon (Rangoon) Dala (Twante) Danabyu Henzada (Hinthada) Hinthada (Henzada) Hpo Hkaung Hsawng Hsup Hti Lin Kale Kama Ka Naung Kan Ni Katha Kaung Sin Kaung Ton Kyan Gin Kyan Hnyat Kyauk Ba Daung Kyauk Sauk Kyauk Ye

Order: Keep in the Royal Archives the Kisr of Athi Tine:

32

Laung Shay Lei Kine Ma Be Ma Da Ma (Martaban) Magwe Ma Lun Martaban (Ma Da Ma) Min Don Min Gin Min Gin Mo Da Mya Daung Myay De(Allan, Aung Lan) Myay Du Myin Ku Myin Gon Daing Myin Zaing Myit Tha Nat Mauk Nga Sin Gu Nga Tha Yauk Nyaung Ok Nyaung Ok Pa Done Pagan Pakhan Gyi Pakhan Nge Panan Pahtanago Pathein (Bassein) Pinn Pintale Pinya Poppa Prome (Pyi) Pu Tet Pyi (Prome) Pyin Zi Ratanaputra(Ava) Sagaing Sagu Sale Salin Sanpanago Saw Sin Gu, Siputtaya, Sitha, Taing Dah, Taloke, Taung Dwin, Taung Gwin Taung Zin

33

Ta Ywin Daing Thaton Thaung Thoot (Hsawng Hsup) Thayet Wadee Waw Wet Ma Soot Yamethin Yaw Ye Hlay Yehahgyaung Yin Daw, Yin Hke,

Ywa Tha

(This Order was passed on 31 May 1679).

2 June Order :

1679 Keep the List of Service Men in the Royal Archives (Date in parenthesis gives the time when a particular group was formed).
Ain Byu Za Nga Myat Khine Gaung (Horse/ 1606) Athein Khan Ko Yan (Horse/22 April 1604) Atwin(Horse/22 April 1604) Ba Dain (Goldsmith/1600) Ba Bu (Sculptors/1600) Ba De (Blacksmith/1600) Canda Bala (Infantry called Thway Thauk/29 March 1636) Day Wa Gamani(Gaung) Ain Shay Nauk Taw Bah(Horse/1606) Day Wa Kanma Gaung Ko Yan (Horse/1604) Day Wa Thaya (Infantry/29 March 1636) Han Byin Bo Hmu (Infantry /1610) He Lan Za (Infantry/ 29 March 1636) Hket Lon (Horse/30 October 1626) Hket Lon Myin Mu (Infantry 1610) Hkwa Ma Lwe Thine Gaung Ko Uan (Horse /1604) Hsin Gaung (Horse/13 January 1323) Htet Wun Pya (Horse/1485) In Da Yaw (Shield/10 December 1567) Kadu Myin Hmu (Infantry/1604) Kan Hlwe Za (Infantry/1604) Kyauk Aine Za (Infantry/29 March 1636) Kyauk Sauk (Horse/ 18 January 1323) Kyauk Sauk Sa (Infantry/ 1610) Kyauk Yit Sa Bala Yawda Gaung (Horse/1606) Kyauk Pya Hsin Ke Gaung Ko Yan (Horse/1604) Kyauk Thin(Horse/30 October 1320) Let Hpwe Ya (Horse/1485) Let Pan Za Gaung (Horse/1606) Let Taung Za 'Gaung Thayaykhittaya (Horse/1606) Letya Nanda Mate Gaung Ko Yan (Horse/1604)

34

Let Ywe Gyi (Horse/30 October 1326) Let Ywe Nge (Horse/30 October 1326) Me O Za Gaung (Horse/1606) Mingala Waw Daw Gyi (Palanquin Bearers /1600) Mu Hso Chun Za Thwar Di Nu Tha(Infantry/1604) Mu la Tagaung Ko Yan (Horse/ 1604) Mong La Za (Infantry/1604) Myauk Hpet (Horse/30 October 1326) Myin The Gyi (Horse/1606) Myin Da Kyi Za Gaung (Horse/1606) Myo Kan Gywe (Horse/30 October 1326) Nanda Mate (Infantry/1610) Nanda Pyitsi Gaung (Horse/1606) Nan Dwin(Horse/22 April 1604) Nan U (Horse/22 April 1604) Nat (Horse/1485) Nat Shin (Horse/10 August 1604) Nauk (Horse/22 August 1604) Nay Yar Chya(Ushers/1600) Nga Myo Tin(Infantry/1604) Ngwe Shwe Zan (Infantry/1604) Pike Kamma(Infanrey/29 March 1636) Pike Thin Yan (Infantry/1604) Pinya (Horse /13 January 1323) Pin Zi (Horse/30 October 1326) Pyin Zi (Horse/6 May 1435) Saw Ke Gyi Gaung Ko Yan (Horse/1604) Saw Ki Gyi Mo Ywa Za Gaung Ko Yan (Horse/1604) Ahay (Horse/22 April 1604) Shwe Kar (Horse/13 January 1323) Swe Lay (archers/13 January 1323) Shwe Pan Pan (Infantry/1600) Shwe Pyi (Horse/1593) Shwe Tha (Infantry/1600) Ta Zaung (Horse/ 1435) Thay Nat (Guns/ 1600) Thi Daung Za Gaung Ko YAn (Horse/ 1604) Thi Mine (Infantry/ 29 March 1636) Tho Han Za (Infantry/1604) Thu Ye (Infantry/1600) Tuyin Bala(Infantry/29 March 1636) Tuyin Pa Tay (Infantry/29 March 1636) Tuyin Thein Ga Gaung (Horse /1606) Tuyin YAwda (Infantry /1604) Yadana Htan Zin Daw (Palanquin Bearers/1600) Yama Day Wa (Infantry/1610), Yaung Kut Sa (Infantry/29 March 1636) Yaza Yawda (Infantry/29 March 1636), Ye Baw (Horse/ 9 Decdember 1507) Ye Baw (Horse/ 1534), Yin Dike Za Gaung (Horse/1606)

35

Yu Daw(Horse /20 October 1326) Waw (Infantry/ 1600) Waw Bala (Infantry/ 29 March 1636) Waw Gyi Hmu Nay Myo Bhin Kyaw (Infantry / 1610)

This Order was proclaimed on 2 June 1679.

(2 June Order:(1)

1679) Organize groups of fighring men or night watchmen with the descendants of the once ruling houses of the following towns.
Madama Tariyangadipa Tavoy Thayaykhittaya Toungoo

(2)

Keep the history of sme administrative departments and some fighting forces in the Royal Archives.

This Order was proclaimed on (2 June ) 1679. The records available for keeping are: on 4 July 1313 the forces organized were
Feringi Guns Nauk Taw Bah Guns Pinya Guns Shwe Daing (Shields round and embossed) Shwe Hlan (Lancers) Shwe Hlwah (Shields oblong and convexed) Shwe Kah (Shields of any kind) Shwe Lay (Archers) shwe Myo Daw Guns

All members of the family of these fighting men are to be classified as to adult male or female, child male or female, deserter, disabled, old, sick, monk, novice, lay man at a monastery, etc. On 12 June 1322 the forces organized were Hket Lon Horse
Hla Dwe Horse Hmin Shi Horse Kadu Horse Kan Bauk Horse Kyaung Thin Horse Let Ywe Gyi Horse Let Ywe Nge Horse

36

Myauk Hpet Horse Myin The Gyi Horse Myin Zaing Myin Pe Tha Gyi Horse Pinya Horse Pyinzi Horse Sa Tay Horse Saw Poot O Horse Tabayin Horse Ta Gine Tha Horse Taloke Horse Tannessarim Horse Taung Kaw Horse Tet Pyoot Horse Thayet In Horse Twin Thin Horse Wa Bah Horse Yon Tha Horse Yu Daw Mu Horse In Daing Tha Horse Kyauk Sauk Horse Kyauk Saung Horse Kyun Daw Haung Horse Lambu Horse Lekya (Right Horse) Letwe (Left Horse) Lin Zin (Vienchang ) Horse Lon Pauk Horse Myo Taung Archers Nauk (West) Horse Nyaung Yan Horse O Gaung Horse Pagan Horse Pakhan Horse Pinya Horse Shay (East ) Horse Shwe Kah (Shields of any kind) Shwe Lhwah (Shields oblong and convexed) Tovoy Horse Thin Daung Horse Thin Gyi (Big Group) Horse Taungoo Archers Yakkha Kan Daw Horse

On 17 November 1322 the forces organized were

Forces organized in the time of King Min Byauk (1327-33) and reorganized on 30 September 1378 were

37

Atwin Shwe Hmu Infantry Baya Thaya Infantry Day Wa Thu Ya Infantry Ga Bine Za Infantry Hmu Tha Mat Tha Gyi Group Hmu Tha Mat Tha (Nge) Group Kaw Taw Nanda Mate Inafantry Kyaw Hpat Yan Sin Infantry Kyun Daw Za Infantry Kywe Det Sa Infantry Let Me Za Infantry List of Sakians at Tagaung being descendents of
Tahdo Dagun Ya Thado Galon Ya Thado Hlay Ya Thado Hsin Dain Thado Hsin Lauk Sa Thado Min Hpya Thado Naga Naing Thado Naga Ya Thado Paung Shay Thaso Shwe Ya, Thado Thalum Ya, Thado YahtaYa,

Thado Kyauk Shay

Thado Taing Ya Thado Ya Haw Lah Thado Ya Nge

Ma Hkauk Sa Infantry Ma Hkauk Sa Infantry Mintha Thiha Ye Gyaw Group Myine Ywa Za Infantry Nat Set Yan Aung Hmu Infantry Pauk Taw Za Infantry Sa Tha Za Infantry Sa Yay Sa Chi (Clerical) Group Shay Daw Byay (Heralds) Group Tan Kye Za Infantry Ta Nan Tha Horse Tannessarem Horse Tan Tet Sa Infantry Taung Ywa Za Infantry Tha Gye Za Infantry Tha Ye Lu Llin Hmu Infantry Thaw Ka Doe Infantry Thaw Ka Doe Infantry Thiri Kyaw Htin Group Thu Nge Daw Hmu Infantry, Toungoo Lubyo (Bachelors) Group Tu Yin Way Ya Infantry, Way Lu Tha Ya Infantry Zayya Kyaw Thu Infantry, Zayya Nan Thu Nar Horse

38

On (30 September 1378) the list of 101 etnic groups was also taken. (Burmese Group) Danu Dawe Pyu Myanma Gyi Taung Lah Taung Thu Thet (Mon Group) Mon Nya Mon Sa Mon Ti (Shan Group) Chin Gon In Gye Kachin Kadu Karen Kaset Kathe La Hin La Wike Lin Zin Lu Myak Myak Hna Me Nabe Nabet Palaung Pale Shan Seint Tayet Tayin Tayoke Thaukkade Thet Yan Yodaya Yoon (Indian Group) Ain Part Atha Bodha, Bya Bah Gandha, Hari Kah Myo, Kale Kan Kho, Ka Nyah

39

Kan Yan KhaYaw Khaw Mah Khaw Zah Kyan Dan Kyee La Bu Lain Gah La Myin Law Yah Lin Lin Lay Lin Yaung Mah Lain Make Hsa Malla Kah Man Ma Za Gi Ok Tha Hah Om Pake Sake Pan Thay Pate Thwe Parrikhaya Pattu Nah Pin Kah Pin Kah Pin Wah Ponna Pyaw Pyin Nya Sein Tu Tapathi The Yaw The Myet Thi Ho Thin Dwe Thok Tan Thu Hlaung Thu Hli U Byi Yakhine Yan Yaw Gah Yay Mi Thwak, Zaw Gui , Za Wah, Zayah, Zin Gyan

Yay Shwa Za Hope, Zaw Yah Zay Toke

40

After 25 November 1400, King Min Gaung I (1400-1423) determined the Taiks of
Anauk Hpet Ashay Bet (also know as Kyaw Zin Tike ) Hsin Kyi Mahadan Myauk Hpet Taung Bet Twin Thin

A department or a workshop would also be called by the name of Taik and such Taiks organezed then were
Charcoal (Mee Thway) Chili (Nga Yoke) Cushions (Ohn Bauk) Ivory(Hsin Zwe) Provisions (Nan Kan Gyway) Public Works (Ah Thone) Three Thousand Boat Men ( Hlaw Gah Thon Daung) Three Thousand Servants (Kyun Daw Thon Treasury (Kyay) Wood Turners (Pan Boot)

Daung

From Kaung Sin and Kaung Ton in the upper Irrawaddy and from Kan Ni in upper Chindwin down to Nyaung U and Yut Hasauk Pagoda, each year as Tx. The court fee, depending on the importance of the case, is a basket of ce or a jar of beverage with one chicken (dead or alive).All fishries within the area from Hket Thin in the up stream to Ale island (in the Irrawaddy bvelow Pagan ) and Ba La Ba, Shall pay each in a month a revenue of 7 viss of fcopper. The revenue is to be paid to the Chief of Three Thousnd Boat Men. The name of the fisheries are
Ah Yeik Ma Htwet (North) Hti Baung Gah Koot Taing Myit Ke Nga Pan Gyi Nga Pan Nge Sa Khyine Tagaung We Gyi

41

We Ma Yay Byu Yin Pyi On 3 January 1544, the groups called Letwe Ngasei (Left 50) and Letya Ngasei (Right 50) were organizes and they were to put on their best dresses and flanked the Toyal Palanquin in ets front with red handled fans during rhe Royal Pageant. In 1626, one gundred men of the Anauk Win Daw Ape Ko YAn (Night Duty Gyuads of the West Sector of Palace ) were organized with men from Mo Shwe. For rheir homes and their culrivariona, lands of Kyauk Myaung were given. The Toungoo Thu Gaung Zu was organized in 1637 and it was given the duries of
Nay Yah Daw Hkin (Urshers) Mye Nan Daw Mye (Earth palace Attendants) Tabyet Hle (Sweepers) Thama Kyat (Leader of Physicians) Thuna Kyi (Male Nurses) Thwe Thauk (Armed Men)

The Night Duty at the Mye Nan Daw (Earth Palace ) was also given in 1637 to
Hanthwaddy Bah Infantry Kyu Daw Za Infantry Madama Bah Infantry Min Don Bah Infantry Nyaung Yan Bah Infantry Pinya Guns Tada U Guns Thayaykhittaya Bah Guns Thu Nge Daw Guns Win Gyin Bah Guns

Note: Some passages in this record are hard to understand. This summary might be useless. Some list, like the list of one hyndred ethnic groups is of no partical use thought similar list of one hundred ethnic groups is of no pratical use though similar lists are collected and discussed at length. (Myanma Min Okchokpon Sadan, II 1968 Reprint, S 188, pp.24-31

42

and Zah Tah Daw Bon Yazawin, 1960, pp.99-100).

17 June 1679 Order: Allow Letya Kyaw Htin to have brick stair ways and brick enclosure wall at his monastery. This Order was given when the king visited the Bye Dike on 17 June 1679.

30 June Order:

1679 Charge no court fees when a leader of some of the groups of king's servants found a defected man from his group among teh retainers of a noble or a high officer, and came to apply for a court order to get back his man.

This Order was given on 30 June 1679.

29 July Order:(1)

1679 Dismentle the horses built by the wife of Abhaya and Chief of Pyi Gyi Thabauk, because they had used more than the space allotted to their use .

(2)

Leave the site of the Crown Prince Residence vacant.

This Order was passed on 29 July 1679.

2 August Order :(1)

1679 In case of a debtor slave, mention in the Register the loan for which he became a slave, because threr are cases where a man is forced to become a slave for trivial.

(2)

In case of those who became a slave for the only reason that they could not get employment elsewhere, get them in the king's service.

This Order was passed on 2 August 1679. 15 August Order :(1) 1679 Chin Ywa Za, the Chief of Pyi Gyi Thabauk, is given the

43

the site of former barracks used by the Pyi Lon GyawGroup. (2) Report how this Order has been carried out. This Order was palled on 15 August 1679. Zayya Thu proclaimed it at the Hluttawfirst and Baya Gaza Thu, Officer of the West, came to the Myo Letya Htaung and proclaimed it ahin among the men under the Tha Bauk Hmu.

15 August Order:

1679 The Royal Order of 13 August 1671 says:From now on, when of the parents (either male or female) is a member either Htaung Group or Lak Ma Htaung Group or Tagah Group, all the children belong to that parent's group; amend this

For children born of a union between a man of Htaung or Let Ma Htaung or Tagah Group with a woman of Thay Nat or Athi of Banda or Ah Yoot or Kyaung Kyun, boys go with father while girls stay with mother. (b) In a union between a woman of Htaung or Let Ma Htaung or Tagah Group with a man of Tahy Nat or Thwe Thauk or Shwe Pan or Athi or Banda or Ah Yoot or Kyaung Kyun,all children stay with mother. This Order was passed on 15 August 1679. 26 August 1679 Order: Officer in charge of (Dagon) Town should not stop people making copper bricks for the Dagon San Daw Shin pagoda. This order was proclaimed on 26 August 1679. 3 October 1679 Order: Stop young men playing on the flute dirty ditties on the city them play harp, horn and fiddle. This order was proclaimed by Zayya Thu on 3 October 1679. 14 October 1679 Order: Transfer Nga Toke Kyaw Nge of the East Inner Htaung Group to the Shay Daw Byay Group where he should play the drums. This order was proclaimed by Zaya Thu on 14 October 1679. streets; let

Order as (a)

44

27 October 1679 Order: (1) Use this order in connection with the Royal Orders of the three previous regions on children of intergroup marriages and debtor slaves. (2) A member of a group means anyone male or female belong to the family of a man of such groups like. A Hmyauk (Artillery) Daing (Shield round and embossed) Kaung Han (Keng Heng) Kyine (Caduceus, Herald;s Staff) Myet Pah Thi (Gold Foil Maker) Nay Yah Cha (Usher) Pyaw (Drummer) Pyin Nya Thei (Artisan) Sa Hmyaung (an officer's man whose duty was to preserve peace) Shay Daw Byay (Forerunner) Tha Ye (Brave) Tu Yin (?Gate Keeper) Waw (Palanquin) Win (Palace Guard) Yon Hsau (Constable) Do not include Myin (Horse) and Thay Nat (Gun) in these groups. Check the amount for which a man had been turned into a slave; if the amount is trivial, let him go free. (5) Parents of a debtor slave shall pay only a reasonable price to redeem their children from slavery. This order was proclaimed by Zaya Thu on 27 October 1679.

(3) (4)

(27 October 1679) Order: (1) If the two brothers Nga Toke and Nge Khine cannot prove that they are the sons of a man called Nge San Gyi of the La Maing Group and a alave woman called Phone Daw Nge, they shall remain slaves. (2) On the contrary , if it is proved that Na San Gyi of the La

45

Maing Group was their father, the two brother must join the La Maing Group. This order was proclaimed on (27 October 1679). Note : It was found that although a 'slave wife; that was why the two brothers were unable to prove that their father was a free man. Fourteen years later they brought up the case again to the notice of the king. Again they were unable to establish the fact that their mother was taken as wife by Nga San Gyi. They remained slaves. See ROB 13 June 1693.

30 October 1679 Order:(1) Ordinarily an officer of Day Wa Thiha's rank could not have the permission to have a monastery built with. a / an arch above the Buddha's throne, b / a full exterior decoration of wood carvings going all around the monastery, c / three brick stairways and d / a brick enclosure wall. Allow Day Wa Thiha to build his monastery with the above

(2)

mentioned decorations who is the preceptor of Queen Grandmother. This order was proclaimed on 30 October 1679.

16 January Order:(1)

1680 Allow the Lady of Raja Kyaw Thu to build a monastery with an arch above Buddha's throne, full interior decoration of wood carvings, three brick stairways and a brick enclosure wall because she was the king's nanny.

(2)

Do not allow a veeranda all around the building as an "elephant approach" and full exterior decoration of wood carvings

46

because these things are reserved for the king. This order was proclaimed on 16 January 1680. 16 January Order: (1) 1680 Repair the ordination Hall and the rest house of Min Gaung which were destroyed by a thunderbolt. (2) Build nothing at the site mentioned in the order of (29 July 1679). This orders was proclaimed on 16 January 1680.

1 March Order: (1)

1680 Stop the Uawnghwe Saopha (who is on a visit at the capital city)from using a gilt Khamauk (bamboo hat) in a 'sun ray' cloth.

(2)

Only the senior princes should use gilt Khamauks in 'sun ray' cases.

This order was given on 1 March 1680.

16 March Order: (1)

1680 Collect rice (or Paddy) from over 200 villages in the Hsin Chay Taik where the lands are irrigated by water from the reservoirs like Aung Binlei Kan, Mya Gan and Na Daung Gya Hse, in the same way as mentioned in the record of 1538 found in the Royal Archives.

(2)

Make no collection from the lands of Banda Daing Daung Yway Kah La Maing Mya Zigon pagoda Net Me Mi Hla Sittuyin Htaung Hmu Thitsaya pagoda Three Thousand Boat Men

47

Thu Ye and Win, which are in that Taik. (3) Nga Kyaw Tun shall take charge of the administration of that area as he is the true descendant of chiefs there. (4) Nga Kya Tun shall make a record of families in the area and he shall also collect the revenue of the said area and send to the Royal Treasury the usual dues. This order was proclaimed by Taman Thazi at the Hluttaw on 16 March 1680.

(16 March ) Order: (1)

1680 Send anything that is of good or special quality produced by farms, gardens, etc. in all the seasons of the years; this includes Ah Khoon (collections) on Baw (pure silver) Ngwe (silver) Pan (flower) Poh (silk) Shwe (gold) Thit Thee (fruit) Yaw (Fabric from Yaw area) Yo (fruit preserve).

(2)

AhKhoon Wun (Officer Collecting Tax) appointed at Ah Kyaw Koe Ywa (Nine Villages in lower ?Yaw stream) Ah Nyah Koe Ywa (Nine Villages in upper ?Yaw stream) Madama Nyah (upper Irrawaddy) Shan Taywin Daing Toungoo; these officers shall deal largely with the exaction of silver.

(3)

Kyi Wun (Officer in charge of the Royal Granaries ) shall deal

with the exaction of

48

Pwe Nyet (Dammar) and Thit Say (Tree Gum) and also with gold and silver exactions where there are no special collectors of these precious metals are appointed. (4) Tolerate no transgression in the Jurisdiction of Kyi Wun by Ah Khoon Wun and vice versa. This order was passed on (16 March) 1680.

18 January Order: (1)

1681 Myo Ywa Thagyi Pyi Soe ()fficer in charge oa a town or village) ahall have his official residence in a suitable garden complete with a stable for horses and a shed for an elephant and if necessary either a stable or a shed or both should be built new with funds raised locally; an Order to this effect was once passed (17 September 1677).

(2)

There is a possibility that funds raised for the purpose of building new a stable or shed could have been misappropriated; check it.

(3)

At the time when a new officer takes charge of a town or village, he is entitled to exact a fee called Myo Tet or Ywa Tet (taking over the charge of the town or village) and he should exact 3 viss of copper from an Athi family, 1.5 viss from an Ah Lah and 0.75 viss from a Kapah.

This order was proclaimed on 18 January 1681 and Letya Yanda Mate gave a copy of it to each officer in charge of a town or a village. Note: See ROB 7 September 1689

5 October Order: (1)

1681 Any member of the family of a service man belonging to Ah Hmyauk (Artillery) Daing (Shield round and embossed) Kaung Han (Keng Heng)

49

Kyine (Caduceus, Herald's Staff) Lu Byo Daw (Bachelor, Young Companion) Myin (Horse) Nay Yah Cha (Usher) Pyaw (Drummer) Sa Hmyaung (Officer's attendant to preserve silence) Shay Daw Byay (Forerunner) Tha Ye (Brave) Thay Nat (Gun) Thwe Thauk (Infantry) Tu Yin (?Gate Keeper) Waw (Palanquin) Win (Palace Guard) Yon Hsau (Constable) should not become a debtor slaver; made some arrangements so that money lenders could get back their money later. (2) A child of the union between a servant of the Religion with any slave or free person shall become a servant of the Religion without exception. (3) Clerks of the various offices in control of the palace servants should make a close watch on the palace servants so that none of them get involved with the servants of the Religion. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw on 5 October 1681. Clerks of the various offices of ministers and assistant ministers have to copy it for their own offices. Note: See also ROBs 14 June 1666 and 20 March 1682.

5 October 1681 Order: (1) (2) The Royal Orders of earlier periods are ambigious;ignore them. Collect only the Royal Orders of the recent four reigns of King Thalun 1633-48 King Pintale 1648-61 King Pyi 1661-72 and King Narawara 1672-3 and refer to them in all the affairs of state.

50

This Order was proclaimed on 5 October 1681 and all offices in the administration were notified of issue. 22 June 1683 It was during the time of King Sithu of Pagan in AD 1113 that the Palace Guards on all four sectors of the palace were organized with one chief for each sector. Order:(1) Organize the Guars of
Ah Nauk Hpet Thit Tut Chay Yin Saunt Ah Yay Ma Sit Kah Ah Yinn Kaung Kah Ba Nwe Daing Ga Du Bauk Lay Hsin Tet Moe Du Daing In Daing Tha Lay Kale Daing Kaung Gin Laung Mi Daing Kaung Hpet Yan Win Kah Let Kaung Lay Let Thit Daing Let Ye Kyaw Kah Lin Zin Ga Doke Myet Kwet Tagah Maribin Hlay Thin Maribin Hpwah Bet Yan Naing Daing Maribin Pyi Lon Yu Hlawgah Kah Maribin Yan Aung Kah Mawady Tagah Shay Bet Tha Ye Mi Hla Daing Mawady Tagah Ah Nauk Hpet MA TAung Da Tagah Moe Gaung Daing Myay Nan Daw Shy Ye Gaung Kah Myay Ta Lay Myo Taung Lay Nat Set Yan Naing Kah Nat Shin Daing Nauk Hpet Hlaing Dak Hlay Tagah Pan Thone Chway Kah Pyat That Taw Shwe Dah Kah Pwe Lon Kyaw Daing Pyi In Ma Hlay Thin Pyi Lone Ta Moot Kah Pyin Thit Tut Win Yan Ape Saing Gaung Daing Shan Thu Nge Thay Nat Win Yone Zay Shay Bet Hlaing Dak Hlay Tagah Shin Ba Dauk Za Daing Shwe Bu Chway Kah

51

Shwe Daung Kyun Thee Ah Hno Hwau Kah Tha Bauk Htin Kah Thin Baung Daing Thu Ye Kyaw Hlay Thin Toungoo Shwe Daing Twin Kah Yan Khwin Kah Yan Naing Kah Yan Seit Hkwei Daing Yauk Hsauk Daing Ye Gaung Lay Ye Pu Daing Zin Mai Hlay Thin

(2)Put these guards under the charge of four chiefs

Thiri Zayya Thura guarding the east sector Thiri Baya Thura guarding the north sector Letya Zayya Thura guarding the east sector and Letya Yaza Thin Gyan guarding the west sector.

This Order was proclaimed by Herald Zee Bani Ywa Za at the Hluttaw on 22 June 1683. 12 December 1686 Order:(1) Clerks shall have to answer for not doing precisely as instructed in taking the family registers specially in matters of deciding of intergroup marriages. (2) In determining free or slave, apply old orders for children born before 1666 and new orders for those born in 1666and after. This Order was proclaimed on 12 December 1686. 7 September 1689 Order :(1) Officer in charge of a town or a village is expected to live in a residence with a stable for horses and a shed for an elephant and he is expected to keep them in good condition . (2) Whenever these buildings need repairs, he is allowed to raise. funds locally

52

(3) At the time when he is installed in his new office, he could exect 3 viss of copper from a home of an Athi , 1.50 viss from thar of an Alah , 0.75 viss from a home of a man belonging either to Myin (Horse) or Thay Nat (Gun) group and 0.375 viss from a home of a man of Daing (Shield round and embossed) or Tha Ye (Brave) group. This Order was proclaimed on 7 September 1689. Note : A similar ROB was passed on 18 January 1681.

24 September

1689

Order :(1)

In a law suit, when one party wants to stop the proceedings, the judge should nor close the case without the consent of the other party concerned.

(2)

A judge should not give a written judgement until both parties agree to his decision.

This Order was proclaimed on 10 December 1689.

14 February 1690 Order :(1) Guards at the Gates of Kyaw Bon and Winn Ma Nah of the City were found to be working not strictly in accordance with the regulations of the gate closing time , but they were pardoned as it was their first offence. (2) From 6.00 p.m. to 9.00a.m., people shall not either enter or leave from these city gates unless they have some official duty and no one (not even the Crown Prince) could not use

53

these gates without a written permission from the officer in charge of the City during the closing hours. (3) Members of the family of a gate keeper are exempted from this regulation. This Order was passed on 14 February 1690. 10 August 1690 Nge Pyi Nge of the Lak Thie Group owed 140 ticals of silver to the Chief of Let Ma Ywan Daing and he became a debtor slave; now he wants to redeem himself and the question is whether he should pay what he owed or the market price of a male slave. Order: Pay the price of a male slave. This Order was passed on 10 August 1690. (10 August) Order :(1) 1690 The standard width of streets and lanes in the city should be strictly maintained. (2) The Officer in Charge of the City is held responsible to keep the street and lane of the city from any encroachment. (3) Any encroachment should be promptly corrected. This Order was passed on (10 August) 1690.

12 April Order:(1)

1691 An interpreter is allowed in a court when one party to a law suit is a non-Burmese (like an Indian, a Karen, a Mon, a Yin, or a Yoon).

(2) When either a plaintiff or a defendant in a law suit could not appear at the court because of an illness, either his son or his grandson or his brother or his sister or his nephew could represent him but a government servant shall

54

never represent him. (3) In a case of murder, the culprit shall pay the compensation as the price of the dead man but where there are many culprits, each one of them shall pay the same amount of compensation. This Order was proclaimed on 12 June 1691. Note: See ROB 21 June 1691

27 April Order:(1)

1691 The servants of the king are divided into high, middle and low. With bribes, however , some succeeded in getting themselves transferred to a higher class. Check the servants of the king by the 1685 register and correct the discrepancies. Update the register of the fighting forces of
Anauk Ah Hmu Ah Kyee Zu Aung Tun (Infantry) Banya Kyan Daw (Chiengmai Infantry) Banya Nanda Thu Zu Banya Pa Yan (Infantry) Banya Yanda Thu Win Letya (Horse) Banya Yanda Thu Win Letwe (Horse) Chiengmai (Horse) Dhamma Thiri (Infantry) E Bya Paik (Infantry) E Kan Kaung (Infantry) E U Yan (Infantry) Han Byin Bo (Shield round and embossed) Hket Lone Hmu (Horse , Infantry) Hsin Paik Myo Dwin (Infantry) Hsu Yu (Infantry) In Ma Za Ye Hlay Zi (Infantry) In Yi Tu Tuyin (Horse, Infantry) Kala Byo Zu Kan Paing Za (Infantry) Keng His Tha Gaung Zu Khanti (Horse ) Kun Ohn Za(Infantry) Kun Tha Main (Infantry) Kya O Za (Infantry) Kyay Za Thin Hmu Zu Kyun Pyat Za (Infantry) Kywe Na Bah Za (Infantry)

(2)

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Lei O Za (Infantry) Letwe (Horse) Letwe Kyaw Thu (Infantry) Letwe Shan (Horse) Letwe Shan (Horse) Letwe Tha Zu Letya Nanda Mate Win (Horse) Letya Horse Letya Horse Letya Shan (Horse) Letya Shan (Horse) Letya Tha Zu Mani Dhamma (Infantry) Mani Dhamma (Infantry) Min Hla Ni Pon Za (Infantry) Min Hla Shwe Daung (Infantyr) Min Kan Za (Infantry) Mintaya(Horse) Min Ye (Horse) Myat Pin (Infantry) Myaung Tagah Za (Horse, Infantry ) Myay Nai Za(Infantry) Myit Hson Za (Infantry) Nanda Mate (Infantry) Nanda Sithu (Infanty) Nanda Thiri (Infantry) Nandwin (Horse) Nan U (Horse ) Nan Shin (Horse) Nauk (Horse) Naung Thet (Infantry) Nay Myo Naw Yahta (Infantry) Nay Myo Hpone Kyaw (Infantry) Nay Yah dCha(Usher) Nga Hpone Khine (Infantry) Nga Hpone Than (Infantry) Nga Hpo Sa (Infantry) Nga Hpyo Tin (Infantry) Nga Htwe (Infantry) Nga Maung (Infantry) Nga Mya San (Infantry) Nga Mway Maung (Infantry) Nga Pu (Horse, Infantry) Nga ShweBaw (Infantry) Nga Shwe Kan (Infantry) Nga Shwe Kei (Infantry), Nga Shwe Myat (Horse, Infantry) Nga Shwe (Shan Infantry) , Nga Ye Aung (Horse, Infantry) Ok Shit Pya Zu (Infantry),Ok Tha Yaw (Infantry) Paung laung Za (Infantry), Pagu Naing Myo Hmu(Infantry)

56

Pike Thin Yan (Infantry) Pike Thin Yan Haung(Infantry) Pinle (Horse) Pinya (Horse) Sakka Baya (Infantry) Sakka Daywa (Infantry) Sanda Ya Thi (Horse, Infantry) Saw Sit (Infantry) Sein Nhyet Sa (Infantry) Shan Thu Nge Zu Shay(Horse) Shwe Gone Daing Za (Infantry) Shwe Pan Ban Zu Shwe Pyi (Horse) Sokkatay (Infantry) Taw Ya Thauk Sa (Infantry) Tha Bauk Taw Hmu (Infantry) Tha Man Za (Infantry) Thayaykhittaya (Horse) Thi Done Za (Infantry) Thi Ha Yaw Da (Infantry) Thi Mah (Infantry) Thin Daung (Horse) Thiri Manu Yut (Infantry) Thiri Pike Dathi (Infantry) Thi Yaza (Infantry) Tuyin Gathu (Infantry) Tuyin Thein Ga (Infantry) Tuyin Yin Thein Zi (Horse, Infantry) Tuyin Yin Thiha (Infantry) U Dain Tha Mann (Infantry) U Dain Zayya (Infantry) Viencheng (Horse) Wa Yin Doke (Horse) Way Lu Tha Mann (Infantry) Way Lu Tha Mann (Horse , Infantry) Way Lu Thon Daya (Infantry) Win (Shan Horse) Yakhine Tha Gaung Zu Yan Aung Hmu (Infantry) Yan Ma Daywa (Infantry) Yan Ma Thu (Infantry) Yan Ma Thu (Infantry) Ya Za Kan Ma (Infantry) Ya Za Thein Ga (Infantry) Ya Za Thein Ga (Yway Lu Lin Mogyo Dah Tha MahKyat, Infantry) Ye Baw (Horse ), Ye Kan Ma (Infantry) Ye Pyin (Horse, Infantry), Ye San Hmu (Horse, Infantry) Ye San Hmu (Horse, Infantry),

57

Yin Ma Kan Za (Infantry) Zayya Baya(Infantry) Zayya Kyaw Htin (Infantry) Zayya Kyaw Htin Win (Infantry) Zayya Kyaw Thu (Infantry) Zayya Nanthu Shan Nat Su Zayya Nanthu Shan Nat (Horse) Zayya Thin Gyan (Infantry) Zayya Thin Gyan (Infantry)

(3) The children of intergroup marriages shall be divided as usual by the custom of 'boys go with father while girls stay with mother'. (4) For the children of intergroup marriages between the above mentioned groups with the groups given below, the divisions made prior to 1685. Let them stand. But from 1685 onward, all children shall belong without exception groups.
Anauk Yon Myei Lilin Zu Atin Daw Kaing Bay Din Zu Baya Yanda Thu Lulin Zu Daywa Kan Ma (Infantry) Hlut Se Lulin Hsay Tha Ma Hti Byu Daw Phwint Letya Yanda Mate (Infantry) Mandan Yoot Ma Ta Lo (Infantry) Min Hsaung Gaing Myauk Hpet (Horse) Myay Nan Daw Myei Ah Say Gan Ye Hlay Sit Koot Nan Myo Nawyathu (Infantry) Satu Yingathu (Infantry) Sah Pyan Talaing Sa YayZu Taung Bet (Horse) Thay Nat Lulin (Gun) Tuyin Kyaw Thu (Infantry) Yaza Gon Na (Infantry)

to the groups given if anyone of their parents is of the said

58

Yaza Ta Mann (Infantry) Yaza Thein Ga (Infantry) Ye Ka Daw Tin Lulin Haung Zayya Nanthu (Infantry) Zayya Thein Gyan (Infantry)

(5) For dividing the children of the intergroup marriage between the groups mentioned above in Item 4, the old custom of 'boys go with father while girls stay with mother' prevails. (6) The general principle in the division of children in an intergroup marriage now adopted should be a/ where the parents are of the same class (of servants) the old custom of 'boys go with father while girls stay with mother' prevails; but b/ where one of the parents belongs to a lower class, all children without exception stay with that parent of the lower class; though c/ divisions made before (1685) remain undisturbed; and is free, two third of the children go free and where the mother is free, all daughters go free and all sons shall become slaves. This Order was proclaimed on 27 April 1691. Note : This order is not an ordinary order; it is called an Ah Main Daw Dan Gyi d(Order of Great Importance) and it is used as a manual. 13 May 1691 Order: (1) The Officer in charge of the Capital City shall have Jurisdiction over the area extending to Myo Thit in the east to Pinya,Ta Bet Hswe,TaYwin Chay,Tet Thayand Wun PaTay in the south

59

to Gaung Gwe Gado Hseik and Htauk Yit in the west, and to the Kaung Hmu Daw Gyi pagoda, Sa Yay and Hko Daung in the north. (2) Places outside the above mentioned area falls under the jurisdiction of the Athi Wun (officer in charge of the Common Folks who live in the rural). This Order was proclaimed on 13 May 1691. Note: later kings like Badon and Mindon declared the 'city area' known by the name of Shwe Gyo Thut Nei Myay, at the time when a new capital city was built. 21 June Order: (1) 1691 A noble who holds a town as his fief shall try cases of Theft and hand over the guilty person after the trial to the officer in charge of the town for punishment. (2) As the city area has been defined, so shall the town areas defined. (3) In the case of a murder where a man was killed by more than one man, compensation for the dead shall be collected from every one involved in the murder. (4) Only ministers shall try cases of conspiracy.

This Order was proclaimed on 21 June 1691. 9 April Order:(1) 1692 As Yan Tut Pa Kywe had done on 17 May 1637 and Manaw Thiha Letya Tuyin on 6 February 1649, Nanda Pyit Si , Setkya Daing Hmu and Ain Shay Htaung Hmu shall start Measuring the extent of land in an administrative unit under each village or town or provincial chief .

60

(2)

Take one center point in each place and get the measurement toward the limit on each cardinal point of the compass.

(3)

For lengths which are not so extensive, use ta (10.5 ft / 3.2004 metres) or ton (1.5 ft / 0.4579 metre) or lak sac (0.5 in / 12,7 mm)

This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 9 April 1692. Note : Most probably the record of boundary demarcations for places given below had been used in this survey.
Ava Aw Hke Bauk Ba Daung Badon Bagyi Bassein / Pathein Baung Lin Bon Tha Tu Loot monastery Chiengmai / Zinme Choon Daung Dala Hanlin Hantha Kyun Hanthawaddy / Pegu Hintha Tike Hnmawbi Hput Lei Hsawngsup /Thaung Thut Htilin Hti Paung Ga Htu Pa Yon pagoda In Nagon Taik Kale Kama Kani Kathe Khaw Than Di Ko Khyaing / Lei Dwin Ko Myo Kon Baung Kukhan Gyi Kyabin Kya Khat/ Yaw Kyaik Taw pagoda Kyan Hnyat / Tagaung

61

Kyauk Ba Daung Kyauk Myaung Kyauk Myet Kyauk Sauk Gyi Kyauk Ye Hmaw Kyauk Yit / Nabet Kyine Koe Kyine Laung Shay Lei Dwin Ko Khayaing Lei Gine Mabe Madama / Martaban Madama Thone Zei Hna Myo Madaya Magwe Ma Lun Martaban / Madama Ma Taung DA Gyi Taik d Meiktila Min Pyone Mong Nai Mong Pawng Mu So Bo Myauk Gyi Myawady Taik Mye Dei / Aung Lan Myo Myin Mu Myo Phyit Nabet / Kyauk Yit Nat Mauk Nga But Chaung Tei Daw Yah pagoda Nga Kyaw Nga Pyaw Daing Nga Soe Nga Soe / Nga Pyaw Daing Nga Thay Way Lu Wun monastery Nga Tha Yauk Nga Ya Nei Nyaung Bin Hseik Nyaung Dwin Ywa Nyaung Ok Nyaung Sa Yay Nyaung U Ok Mun Gyi Taik Ok Shit Nge Taik Padain Pagan Pa Hta Na Go , Pakhan Nge Pan Daw Maha Zedi pagoda, Pathein / Bassein Pauk Myine, Paung De

62

Pegu ./ Hanthawaddy Pinle Pinle (Ayut'ia) Pinle (Sei Ta Khayaing) Pin Myo Pintale Pon Pyan Ni Kuttu Prome / Pyi Pyi / Prome Pyin Ta Pyin Zi Sa Daw Kan Sagaing Sagaing Yadana Muni monastery Sagu Sakkapa Sale Salin Sa Tha Taik Saw Saw Ma Gyi Taik Shan Shwe Daung Gyi Shwe Yin Daw Shwe Zi Gon pagoda at Nyaung U Singu Si Tha Si Toke Taya Syriam/ Ta Nyin Tabayin Tabayin Lhwei Tada U Mingala Zedi pagoda bird dsanctuary Tagaung / Kyan Hnyat Taing Da Tain Nyin Talei Zi Taloke Tanyin / Syriam Taung Bet Taik Taung Dwin Gyi Taung Dwin Nge Taung Goke Taung Gwin Taung Sit Taik Tha Gyin Ywa Tha Mann, Than Hmyaw Ton Than Ywa Thaung Thut ./ Hsawnghsup Tharasaddy, Thayet Thiha Daw pagoda

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Thon Zei Hna Myo / Madama Thu Pah Yon pagoda Toungoo Wet Ma Soot Yadana Bi Hman monastery Yadana Muni pagoda / Sagaing Yamethin Ya Naung Yaw Kya Khat Ye Yenangyaung Yin Daw Ywa Taung Pon, Ywa Thit Gyi

10 May Order:

1692 Cut the lips and sever the hands of those dealers in wood and bamboo who charge exorbitant prices.

This Order was proclaimed on 10 May 1692. 11 May Order: (1) 1692 Check the following groups to find out how many men are absent in their proper place.
Hta Yan Gah Horse In Khan Horse In Yinn Horse Kyauk Sauk Horse Lan Bu Horse Min Hla Ni Gone Horse Myo Gyi Horse Nga Sin Horse Pinle Horse Pyin Zi Horse Sa Meik Shay Horse Taloke Myo Bah Kon Taung Horse Taung Boh Horse Tazaung Horse Give them homeland at Cha Meik Shay Meiktila Nyaung Yan Yin Daw

(2)

(3)

The following Thay Nat (Gun) groups organized by King Pyi

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(1661-72) shall continue to live in their former homeland.

Atwin Wun Gyin Guns Feringi Guns Pinya Guns Tada U Guns Thu Nge Daw Guns

(4)

According to the record of 19 April 1323, land given to the Thirty Kon Taung Horse covers the area with center at Kon Taung in Meiktila and extending 2.8948 miles / 4.6578 km to the east , 7.4914 miles / 12.0537 km to the south , d 3.3920 miles / 5.4578 km to the west and 2.9943 miles / 4.8178 km to the north. Pauk Myine Min Pa Lei, after having married the king's land was checked on 30 March 1648 by Manaw Thiha Letya Tuyin and again kon 9 May 1692 by Nanda Pyitzi, Ain Shay Htaung Hmu. Nanda Pyitzi reported that the land remaimed intact though the groups did not have their former strength in men. Trace the lost men in each group. Punish those who harbour the recalcitrants. One Hundred lashes is the punishment.

(5)

Reorganize the groups so that only the descendants of the original members of the groups are in each particular group.

(6)

Groups are of high, middle and low classes and neither a man of the low class could go up nor a high man come down. Tet Thet (Up or Down ) is disallowed.

This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 11 May 1692. 13 May Order: (1) 1692 The Royal Order of 1666 still holds good in determining how

65

much an Athi (villager) or an Alah (one parent an outsider) should pay when a new officer appeared to take charge of the town ot village administration and how much he should exact from each household in raising funds to have his official residence adquately repeated. (2) The Royal Order of 1676 still holds good in making Athi (common folks) solely responsible to supply cotton, charcoal, leather , flex, glue, etc. (3) The Royal Order of 1680 still holds good in making Kapah (strangers) and Alah (born of Athi-Kapah parents) pay for the cost of liquor and meals at an inauguration of a new officer at a town or a village. (4) Ask Local administrators directly to supply cotton, charcoal, leather, flex, glue, etc. for palace consumption. Take care that only the really necessary amount of each item is asked. (5) Send a similar Order to Chiengmai. (6) Do something to stop the quarrel between the Sitke (Commander of a Contingent of Armed Men ) and Yay Wun (Customs Officer) at Syriam. This Order was proclaimed on 3 July 1692. Note : The ROBs 17 September 1677, 18 January 1681 and 7 September 1689 did mention the contributions required from the villagers at every installation of a new officer. 16 July 1692

Order : (1) A servant of the king should not be working elsewhere to repay a debt . (2) Ask an officer to work on his behalf to get a redemption.

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(3)

Pay only a small gift in token of gratitude to the officer who helps him.

This Order was proclaimed on 16 July 1692. 11 August Order: 1692 When a father who was a member of any fighting force died, military dress and weapons he left devolved on his son who success him in his office. Put these things out of the property of the deceased to be divided among all heirs as prescribed in the Dhammathat (Code of Law). This Order was proclaimed on 11 August 1692. 5 September 1692 Order : When a slave could prove that his master was cruel and therefore he wants to redeem himself from slavery, he should pay less than the usual price of a slave. This Order was proclaimed when the king visited the Bye Daik on 5 September 1692. 5 October Order : (1) 1692 When a servant of the king died and in the absence of an heir, other servants in his group shall inherit his property. (2) When this deceased servant with no heir left a slave, a minister shall take custody of that slave and assign him to a suitable work group in the service of the king. (3) When this deceased servant with no heir left more than twenty viss of copper, half of it goes to the Royal treasury and another half is for his fellow workers. This Order was proclaimed on 5 October 1692. Note : See ROBs 28 April 1728 and 8 June 1728.

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5 October Order: (1)

1692 Distribute the property among the relatives when a person died without any heir.

(2) But when a wealthy person died without any heir , officers of the locality shall do nothing but report it to a minister. (3) If an officer seized any portion of the property so left by a person who died without any heir, he shall repay ten times the value of the things he had taken and he and his family shall be severely punished. (4) When a deceased person left a will, it shall be given a due consideration. (5) When a judge has been requested to do the division of the property among the heirs, the fees should not be too much ; it should be only a norminal charge. This Order was proclaimed on 5 October 1692. Note : See ROBs 28 April 1728 and 8 June 178.

9 December 1692 Order: Of the four sons born of Mi Nyo Nge (free ) and Nga Hpone Zah Nge Zah Nge (slave), the eldest is a monk and the consideration as to whether he is a slave or a free man is not called for. The second and fourth sons are free men., The third son becomes a slave but an appeal comes up for permession to allow this third son to redeem himself from slavery as he wants to enter the service of the king. The custom is that when a father is a slave, a son could not redeem himself free. On the other hand , if the master has no objection , it

68

would be well. Otherwise, the appeal is rejected. This Order was proclaimed on 9 December 1692. 13 June 1693

Order: Although it has been claimed that Nga Toke and Nga Khine are the sons of Nga San Gyi of the Lamaing Group and Phone Daw Nge, a slave woman , no satisfactory proof is forthcoming that Nga San Gyi and Phone Daw Nge were man and wife. Therefore let Nga Toke and Nge Khine remain slaves. This judgement was made by Min Satu Gamani and Min Nay Myo Kyaw Htin on 13 June 1693. Note : See ROB (27 October 1679) 13 January Order: 1694 A slave could redeem himself free only when his master is willing to accept the money and let him go. This Order was proclaimed by Zayya Taman on 13 January 1694. 8 July Order: (1) 1694 Refer to the Royal Orders (10 April 1679, 2 August 1679, 15 August 1679 and 27 October 1679) to determine to which group a child born of an intergroup marriage belong. (2) Do not disturb the arrangements made before (1685) in the division of children of the intergroup marriage. (3) When a man of Myin (Horse ) group died, his place should be

filled either with his young brother or his son. The choice would be in the order of merit. This Order was proclaimmedon 8 july 1694. 4 May 1697 Order: (1) Court fees are excessive .Reduce them.

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(2) In a law suit, nothing should be said or done unless both parties are present. (3) Allow no two pleaders to represent one single client. (4) A judge should not try a case which is beyond his jurisdiction. This Order was proclaimed on 4 May 1697. 2 September 1699 Order : (1) Let only the Akhun Wun (Revenue Officer) of Madama and Toungoo collect the revenue in those towns. (2) Ngwe Khun Wun (Silver Revenue Officer) had been appointed for
Ah Kyay Ko Ywa Ah Nya Ko Ywa Madama Myit Nya Shan State Shwe Nan Yoe Toungoo and Tuywin Daing.

They are to exact the dues in their respective places only. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by Taman Thazi, Chief of Heralds, on 2 September 1699. Note : See also ROBs 14 February 1715, 24 November 1716 and 24 October 1736. 17 November 1699 Order : (1) Nga Kyaw Tun shall take charge of the Hsin Kyi Taik and collect the revenue at the rate of ten baskets from one Pay of rice land. (2) Religious lands of the Yadana pagoda and Thitsaya pagoda and lands given to the men of the fighting forces are exempted from this collection of revenue.

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This Order was proclaimed by Nanda Thaman , Chief of Heralds ,at the Hluttaw on k17 November 1699.

4 January Order : (1)

1715 Hla Myat San is originally a woman of the Palace Entertainment Group but as she is now the wife of His Majesty's uncle Nay Myo Sithu and let her be knwn as Lady Nay Myo Sithu and let her enjoy the use of gold receptacles for betel , pickled tea , etc.

(2)

Give Her son Nga Okka the village of Kya aPan Nyo as a fief.

This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 4 January 1715.

19 January Order :

1715 Exaction of dues, taxes, revenue , etc. are within the jurisdiction of the officer called Akhun Wun. Whin there is an Akhun Wun as in Madama and Toungoo, any other officer shall not do the exactions.

This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by Taman Thazi on 19 January 1715. Note : See also ROBs 2 September 1699, 24 November 1716 and 24 October 1736.

15 February 1716 Order : (1) Send men from the Myin (Horse )groups to collect tax from places which were once occupied by men of Myin d(Horse)

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groups. (2) In the dispute between the officers of Salin area and the Bon San Tuloot monastic establishment on the ownership of slaves , a trial by water ordeal is prescribed. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 15 February 1716. 20 February 1716 Order: Officers of Salin declined to do the water ordeal. It means defeat. Hand over allmen, women and children under Nga Shwe Hti to the Chief of the Bon San Tuloot monastic establishment as the servants of the Religionl. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 20 February 1716. 24 November 1716

The offices of Shwe Nan Yoe Ngwe Khun Wun (Gold Palace Line of Silver Revenue Offecer), Madama Akhun Wun (Revenue Officer at Martaban)and Taungoo Akhun Wun (Revenue Officer at Taungoo) are not new . They have been in existence for quite a long time. Order : Shwe Nan Yoe Ngwe Khun Wun, Madama Akhun Wun and Toungoo Akhun Wun shall conserve the old forms in carrying out their official duties. This Order was proclaimed by Zayya Taman , the Herald, on 24 November 1716. Note : At Toungoo there were Hei Zan Kyaw and Hei Kaman Pike as two Kyin Hmu (Officers of Karen Affairs) and in 1724 they made this statement:
Hei Zan Kyaw, Thursday born aged 66 years and Hei Kaman Pike, Saturday born aged 75 years, report . The area of land under our control covers 1000pe(2750 acres/ 1113.75 hectares)and the revenue collected from this area and sent to the Royal Treasury at the capital city each year is

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750 ticals of silver. Nga Shan Lon and Nga Shan Thi were usually sent to the city to pay in the money . There are 12 Karen Groups working on the silver extraction and there are 12 armed men as guars.

See also ROBs 2 September 1699, 14 February 1715 and 24 October 1736 . 20 June 1718 One Hundred Shan Yoon (men from Chiengmai0 under Nga Mu Khan and his wife Saing Twe and Nga Bei Gyaw and his wife Zan Bon were made servants of the Religion at the Way Lu Wun monastery founded on 7 May 1657 and the great image of the Buddha made there on 14 June 1657. As time lapsed, these people went away. Consequently treasures at these places were looted. When tracked, they were found at the Bon Tha Tuloot monastic establishment. Order: Restore Nga Mu Khan, his men and their descendants to their former service at the Way Lu Wun. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 20 June 1718. Note: See ROBs 18 November 1657 and 9 April 1692. 14 May 1720

In the case of the Bon Tha Tuloot Management vs the Htu Pa Yon Management, it is found that the road from the river stage leading to the Bon Tha Tuloot monastery with an avenue of 7,000 palm trees and (7,000) banyan trees, was given to that monastery and 20 Yoons (Chiengmai) under the charge of E Mun Khun and living at Kokko village, were given as the servants of the Religion at that monastery from the time when it was founded on 12 February 1654. When the Htu Pa Yon pagoda was founded in 1444, it was given for it maintenance, land extending in the east to Than Lyak U, in the south to the Myint Nge river, in the west to the Mi Gyaung Tet stream, and in the north to the Zi Chan stream. Therefore the Vinayadhara Zinasetkapala decided that the

73

whole stretch of land as mentioned in the old records should belong to the pagoda while the road from the river to the monastery is the property of the monastery. Order: The decision of the Vinayadhara Zinasetkapala in confirmed.

This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 14 May 1720. Note : See ROBs 12 February 1654 and 1 January 1655. 20 October 1721

On the strength of an old record giving the boundary demarcations of the Ah Nya Thiha Daw pagoda, the Vinayadhara Tisasanadharasambodhi Sayadaw redefined the land belonging to the Ah Nya Thiha Daw pagoda. Order: The decision of the Vinayadhara Tisasanadharasambodhi Sayadaw on the land of the Ah Nya Thiha Daw pagoda is confirmed. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 20 October 1721. 23 February 1722

In the case of Ketudhaja vs Saw Banya Kyan Daw, the Vinayadhara Zinasetkapala decided in favour of Ketudhaja, because the land said to be the property of the Yanana Muni pagoda had a full documentary support whereas the claim by Saw Nanya Kyan Daw (wife of Min Ye Kyaw Zwa) made on behalf of the trustees of the ordination hall founded by King Pintale (1648-61) that Ketudhaja had seized some of the land of the ordination hall, is not well documented. Order: The decision of the Vinayadhara Zinasetkapala is confirmed.

This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 23 February 1722. 6 March Order: 1725 The King's uncle Nay Myo Sithu is given the insignias of his rank. Issue them from the Royal Stores.

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This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 6 March 1725.

29 January

1726

In the case of the Chief of the Bon Tha Tuloot monastery vs the Supervisor of the Religious Land of the Yadana Myazigon, the Chief can produce strong documentary evidence that the village of kokko belongs to the monastery. Order: Give the village of kokko and its environ to the Bon Tha Tuloot monastic establishment. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 29 January 1726.

28 May

1727

Sayadaw of the Tada U Hmanzi Kyaung petitioned the king to strike off the names of 37 people who were his relatives from the Athi Register and enter their names in the Taing Register after having paid the fee of 15 ticals of gold. Order: The request made by the Sayadaw of Hmanzi Kyaung cannot be granted. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 28 May 1727. Note: There are two other orders of the same purpose. See also ROB 16 April 1743. 28 April Order: (1) 1728 Report to the Hluttaw when a wealthy man died without any heir. (2) Report to the Hluttaw when a man who owned some land died leaving no heir and a division of the land was made among his near relatives. (3) When an officer divides the property of a deceased person among his or her relatives, he should not treat

75

it as a very important thing so that he could exact a large fee on it. As a matter of fact there are some cases where a man pays at court more than what he gets as an inheritance. This should not happen again. (4) Made summary trials on cases of adultry, assault, murder, slander and theft and punish the culprits. (5) Messengers sent to summon the evidences to the court should be given fixed sums. This Order was proclaimed on 28 April 1728. Note: See also ROB 5 October 1692 and 8 June 1728.

8 June Order: (1)

1728 Menial labourers employed in the palace service are not allowed to be ordained as Buddhist monks. (2) Children of intergroup marriages where the groups are of same class, should be divided by the principle of 'boys go with father while girls stay with mother'. (3) Children of intergroup marriages where the groups are not of the same class, shall belong to the lower class. (4) Children of intergroup marriages where one of the parents is a servant of the Religion, shall belong to the Religion from the time when the Royal Order on Division of Children in Intergroup Marriages was passed on 15 January 1666. (5) (6) Two third of the children of a slave father are free. Only the brother of a dead man in the Myin (horse)group shall take the place of the deceased brother. (7) The price of a slave is doubled when another man wants him

76

while the price is halved when it is proved that the master is cruel. (8) A redemption of a slave is permissible only when the master agrees to accept the money and let him go free. (9) (10) Fees to summon evidences at court are fixed. Only one branch of a hereditary headman in a village is recognised to succeed tha office of a headman. (11) An officer when appointed to take charge of a village or town is permitted to raise funds to build a suitable residence. This Order was proclaimed on 8 June 1728.

25 April Order: (1) (2)

1729 Give Prince Pintale the insignias of the Crown Prince. Give Prince Pintale the towns of Dabayin, Singu and Taungdwingyi as his fiefs.

This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 25 April 1729.

10 May Order: (1) (2) (3)

1729 Made Prince Singu the Crown Prince. Fix the date of investure on 10 May 1729. Start building the residence of the Crown Prince on 13 August 1729.

This Order was proclaimed on 10 May 1729. Note: Hmannan (III 1967, p. 362) gives the day of investiture on 24 April 1727. 24 October Order: (1) 1736 Refer to the former Royal Orders on collecting revenue from

77

the workers exacting silver. (2) Stop immediately the transgressions made by the Ngwe Khun Wun in the areas under Madama Akhun Wun and Toungoo Akhun Wun. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by Yaza Taman, the Chief of Heralds, on 24 October 1736. Note: See ROBs September 1699, 14 February 1715 and 24 November 1716.

16 April

1743

Sayadaw of Hkandaw petitioned the king to strike off the names of forty five members of his family from the Athi Register and enter their names in the Myin (Horse)Group Register. Order: The request of the Sayadaw of Hkandaw is granted but the number of his relatives is found to be only thirty and therefore only these thirty are to become horse men. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 16 April 1743.

16 April Order: (1)

1743 Nga Yan Aung, Nga Pyi Zone, Nga Su Paung and Nga Hla Gyaw, who are the relatives of the first Sayadaw of the Tada U Hmanzi Kyaung are allowed to serve in the Letwe Win Daw Daing Lay Soe under Letwe Win Hmu Nanda Thuriya.

(2)

Take the list of men under each of the above mentioned four men.

This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 16 April 1743. Note: See ROB 28 May 1729. 21 April 1743

Sayadaw of the Aung Myay Sanloot petitioned the king that (a) fifty

78

five of his relatives are now serving in the Min Ye Myin by royal permission but the Sayadaw of the Min Wun Lay Htap has objected to this transfer of service because he claimed that he could produce a document giving these men as servants of the Religion and that (b) such an impossible objection would be ignored. Order: The request of the Sayadaw of the Aung Myay Sanloot is granted. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 21 April 1743.

21 May

1743

In the case of Mahanatha the Sayadaw of the Lay Htat Kyaung on the west of the Mahamuni vs the Chief of Kyauk Myak, the Sayadaw could produce a documentary evidence that 150 men under E Ta Me Gyaw who are now living at Kyauk Myak village are the servants of the Religion attached to his monastic establishment. The Vinayadhara Tisasanavarasambodhi suggested a trial by water ordeal. Order: The trial by water ordeal is approved.

This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 21 May 1743. 23 May 1743

In the case of Lay Htat vs Kyauk Myak, the trial by water ordeal was cancelled because the Chief of Kyauk Myak was reluctant to undergo the trial. Order: One hundred and fifty men of Kyauk Myak are now taken as the servants of the Religion attached to the Lay Htat Kyaung. This Orders was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 23 May 1743. 31 May 1743

The Sayadaw of Ain Shay Kyaung Sirimahamangaladhaja petitioned the

79

king that his relatives would be allowed to join the Myin (Horse) Group instead of the artisan groups to which they are now assigned. Order: The request of the Sayadaw of the Ain Shay Kyaung Sirimahamangaladhaja is granted. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 31 May 1743. Note: Copying ROBs before the Konbaung Dynasty was completed on 20 February 1788.

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29 October 1550

bkef;awmftvGef MuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sif rif;w&m; MuD; trdefUawmf&dSonf/ ou&mZf 912ckESpf(1550) aZ,s0wDudk wnfawmfrlonf/ awmifiludkum; vdkao;onf? aqmaqmvSsifvSsifcsD&ef oD&daZ,saemf&xm avsSmufonf/ csDrnfqJqJoajy wpfcdkifwnf;wGif5vkH; oD;onf? tacgifqkH;rSoD;aom toD;udkqGwfpm;onf tdyfrufjrifawmf rlonf? jrifrufaom edrdwfawmfonf ZrLvkH;udkatmifaprnf rcGswf jzpfonf?udef;cef;wm&m xGufonfhtcgvnf; ig;pD;&Sif&Srf;jynfudk atmifbl;aomtcg pef;vufj*Kdk[faeESifhnDonf? edrdwfem&mwGifvnf; vif;qufiSufonf ajrukdcsDwyfOD;wGif csonfhedrdwfaumif;vSonf? wabmifem&mwGifvnf; pm;rnfaomufrnf Mudk;MuHpnfaygufownf; azmfjcif;wdkUqdkaom wabmfrsm;ESifhusdlKufonf? Muuf&dk;xdk;&mrSmvnf; ckefrdIif;MuD; apmfbGm;onfjrefrmjynfodkUa&mufbl;avaom Muuf&dk;ESifh wcsufwnf;usdkKufonf? ewfqdk&mrSmvnf; paeESifhAk'[l;udkcsDavqdkonf? odkufpmrSmvnf; qifrif;cHwGif; qifjzleif;yGifhvif;wdkif;um;rsm; vwhH omoemvnf; a&mif0g a&SUxufwdk;vwhH[laom odkufpmESifhnDonf? odkYOmPfjrwftMuHjrwfOD;xGifcyfodrf; aumif;jcif;jynfhpkHonf? csDawmfrlrnf? AdkvfrI;ppfuJ0efMuD;ppfuJem;cHwdkU toifh&SdESifhap/ ou&mZf 912ckwefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf 5&ufaeU (29 October 1550) a'gAnm;wGifjyef/ (ol&d,? *Gsef 1933? pg54 a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

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30November 1551

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom qifjzLrsm;ociftoQif b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;trdefUawmf&Sdonf? ,ckESpf(ou&mZf 913) oa&acw&m ujyefcJh a&mfawmfrlp&Skdonf? [Hom0wDyJcl;om;wdkU rnDnmtcsif;csif; ykHpm;ykHuefpaemifhpeif;&Sdonf? csDwufvkyfMuHu ta&;jyD;rnf[k oD&daZ,s aemf&xm avQmufcsufonfoabmawmfMudkufnDonf? aA'ifausmfwdkU udef;cef;wGuf&mvnf;taemf&xmrif;onf w&kwfjynfESifhodef;CdkVfuGsef;wdkif atmifpG,fawmfnSyf&kd;awmfrsm;udk &Smrif;udkESdrfeif;atmifawmfrludef;ESifh nDonf? vufj*Kd[faersm;rSmvnf; wcsuf;wnf;nDonf? edrdwfem&m rSmvnf; vlt&Sifudkvif;' udkufonfedrdwfnDonf? wabmif em&m vnf; atmifjyD;avatmifjyD; avomvSav;wdkhonfh wabmifnDonf? penf;em &mrSmvnf; a&ESifhajrudktpkd;&onfum; xdkrif;omqdkonf? penf; MudKuffonf? Muuf&dk;xdk;&mrSmvnf; taemf&xmapm wdkif;cGifvSnfhvnf tuGsef;uGsef;udkatmifjrifapm Muuf&dk;ESifhMudKufonf? wrsOf;xdk;&mrSmvnf; olutdyfwdkuxdk;&aom wrsOf;usonf? pmaumuf&mrSmvnf; aAm"dyif ESifh a&Tyvifudkatmifjrifaom ykHpma&;usonf?ewfqdk&mrSmvnf; Ak'[l; om;ESifh paeom;udk aqmifavatmif{/f qdkonf? odkufpmrSmvnf; wqifhwwef; aeqef; aeumuyfvm a&Teef;bk&m;jref;&Tef;&Tef;aygufrnf jrifawmhrnfjrifawmhrnfav;ygonf?odkhtMuHaumif;&onf twdwfaumif; edrdwfaumif; pkHonfESifhnDaomaMumifh eSpfou&mZf913 (1551) [Hom0wDokdU a&aMumif;csDawmfrlrnf? &JavSavSmfum; oHavSrdausmif; avSrsm;udkjyif? nDawmfjynfhrif;ESifh Adkvfygtrsm; 'vjrdKhodkUcsD/ ou&mZf 913 ckjymodkvqef; 4 &uf(30 November 1551) a'gAnm;wGifjyef/ (oll&d,? *Ref 1933? pm 54-5? a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

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17 June

1565

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmf rlvSaom qifjzLrsm;ocif toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ owdk;oD&dr[mOZemonf wdkif;a&; jynfrQ pD&ifcif;pD&ifbG,f&SdorQudk cefUxm;awmfrl pD&if&onfh 0efMuD; jzpfvQuf igtoQif {u&mZfrif;jrwftvdkawmf&SdonfhtrSKudk trSKrrSwf rMunfhrIrpD&if? Zif;r,faMumif;csDwyfodkUaponfrSmvnf; wefaqmifrkef; vuonf ,ckawmif rjyefra&muf oif;wdkUuJhodkU aevdk&mae &SnfMum&vQif ta&;awmfudk Mum;odawmfrl&rnfr[kwf? rif;rSKawmfudk cefUxm; pD&ifonf/ xdktrSKonfaeUcefU&ufcefU trSKawmfukefwGifatmif MunfhSKcefUxm;&rnfomjzpfonf? oif;wdkUaevdkigae aeUv&SnfMum &onf t&monf0efMuD;rMunfhrSKrpD&if ayghavsmhaomaMumifh &SnfMum &onfr[kwfavm/ ou&mZf 927ck yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf5&ufaeU (17 June 1565) a'gAnm;wGifjyef/ (ol&d,? *sLvdkif 1932? rsuf 58? a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

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3 April 1568

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom qifjzLrsm;&Sif vufeufpMumocif b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ oD[V'DywryPs,rnf aom odef;CdkCfuRef; a&m[eZeyk'f0gvd'&*grausmif; &[ef;&Sif"r&udw wynfhtr*[ywda,? r[m"ar? aumpa&ga"? 0gwka&? jAmpre? abm*[omraP6yg;wdkU ZrL'dyfuRef; [Hom0wD r[m&mZXmeD a&Tjynf awmfMuD;odkU vma&mufMuonfhtaMumif;udk omraPwdkUajymqdkMuonfrSm bkef;awmfMuD;aom omoemh'g,um r[m"r&mZf w&m;rif;jrwfonf omoemawmfjrwfudk o'gMunfndKawmfrlaMumif; w&m;ESifhtnD omoem awmfjrwfudk o'gMunfndKawmfrlaMumif; w&m;ESifhtnD omoemawmf jrwfudk csD;jrifhjyKpkawmfrlaMumif; ZrL'DyguRef; [Hom0wD r[m&mZXmeD a&TjynfawmfMuD;rSm omoemawmfjrwf pnfyifxGef;vif;aMumif; apwDykxdk; rsm;jym;aMumif;"ru'gpmay yd#uwftpHk&SdaMumif;rsm;udk Mum;od& vma&mufygvdkaomaMumifh odef;CdkCfa&m[meZeyk'f&[ef; oHCmwdkUudk yefMum;oQifoifwdkU 6yg;oGm; apwDykxdk; &[ef;oHCmrsm;udk zl;arQmf Muacs/ pmayyd#uwf tpHk &Sdr&Sdudkvnf; avQmufxm;ar;jref;cJhyg/ omoem awmfpnfyifxGef;vif;aMumif;rsm;udkvnf; rSwfom;cJhyg/ oifwdkUvnf; rMumrjrifhjyefvnfcJhyg/ &[ef;oHCmwdkU rdefUqdkygonfhtaMumif; tcGifhoifhvQif ZrL'DyguRef;u &[ef;odum,lcJhygvdkaMumif;udk &[ef; oHCmwdkUrSm jyefMum;vQif ZrL'DyguRef;odkU oifwdkUa&muf omoemawmf jrwftaMumif;t&mudk odjrif&onfumvtaMumif; tcGifhudkarQmfaxmuf &[ef;odumudk ,lcJhaomf oifhrnf &[ef;oHCmwdkU rdefUqdkygonf/ ,ckvnf; ZrL'DyguRef; [Hom0wD r[m&mZXmeD a&TjynfawmfMuD;odkU c&D;tMum;wGif raoa&muf omoemawmfjrwf taMumif;t&mudk odjrif yg&onf? omoemh'g,um r[m"r&mZf w&m;rif;jrwf bkef;awmfyg&rD awmfudk trSDjyK &[ef;odumudk &ygvdkaMumif;udk w0gwGif;vHk; aeUpOfrjywf avQmufxm;awmif;yefMuonf/ &[ef;jyKvdkaompdwf jzpfjcif; udk rQvnf; tvGef&EdkifcJonf/ pdwfjzpfonfhtwdkif; &[ef;jyKoludkrlum; xdkUxuftqtodef;toef;ru &EdkifcJonf[l w&m;awmf&Sdonf? odef;CdkVfom

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3 April 1568

raPwdkUvnf; qHk;rMo0g'cH w&m;usrf;*efESifhtnD usifhaqmifvdkaom ormqE&SdMuonf? vltvkyftauR;teufvnf; ema'qdkool omraPjyK ygrnfhtaMumif;udk tMudrfMudrf awmif;yefonf? odef;CdkVftu&m pmaytavhtvm o'gw&m;ESifhvnf; jynfhpHkonfhomraP 6yg;wdkUwGif vlema'wdkUudk &[ef;omraP tjzpfjzifh csD;jrifhawmfrlaom omoemawmf 5000wdkifatmif odef;CdkVfuRef;rSm omoemawmfrsdK;aph xm;awmfrlonf/ ppfppfjzpfrnf? odef;CdkVfuRef;wdkifatmif &[ef;omraP tjzpfjzifh omoemawmfjrwfudk csD;jrifhjcif; ukodkvfawmfyGm;rsm;rnf? yk*H? jrifpdkif;? ppfudkif;? yif;,? tif;0jynfxJrif; tqufquf odef;CdkVfuRef;omraP wdkUudk &[ef;omraPjyK&onf rMum;bl;&? bkef;awmfMuD;aom w&m;rif;jrwfwGifrS bkef;yg&rDawmfaMumifh omoemapmifhewfodMum;wdkU aqmfESdK;rp odef;CdkVfuRef;om; vlomraPwdkUudk &[ef;omraPjyKawmf rl&onf/ tvGef&EdkifcJaom tom"g&P ykn0daooukodkvf yg&rDawmf txl;yGm;rsm;rnftaMumif;udk avmukw&mq&mawmf arwmpmqufoGif; onfhtwdkif; tr*[ywda,? r[mAar? aumpa*gar? jAmpre? 0gwka&? abm*[wdkUudk yOif;tjzpfodkU oGif;awmfrlrnf? yOif;avmif;awmfwdkUrSm ykqdk;tem;yg a&Tjzifh0wfvHkbJ&H 3qifhwyf? a&TpvG,fwqJhESpfoG,f? aAgif;uwDyga&Tom; wrm&Gufaxmif? a&Tem;a!mif;? a&Tvufaumuf? ausmufpD3qifh? vufpGyf5uGif; 0wfqifap? xrf;pifwvJudk;0ef;? usdKif;a&Tcsuftdk;teDokwf 2? xD;eDtdk;a&TMuHqpf? a&Tanmif&Guf 3qifh qGJ 2? uGrf;cGuf 8axmifh y,if;wyf? uGrf;vdyf3>rm? vufbuftdk;? waumif;ydwf 8axmifh y,if;wyf? a&TaxG;tif? qGJ,yfa&Tydef;? a&TxdD; 2 pD;eif;aqmif&Gufap? &Sif

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avmif;ema'udk ykqdk;tem;yg? a&Tzsif0wfvHka&Taygufjcif;? a&TuHk;? a&Tem;a#mif;? a&Tvufaumuf 2qifh? a&TvufpGyf 2uGif;? "g; ,Gef;wdkU? usdKif; qifpG,fcsufjynfh a&TMuyfvufbuftdk;? waumif;ydwft0ef;? aiGaxG;tif? xrf;pifvufcwfuHkpHk? xD;a&TarSmfMuJ tem;oH4H a&TxnfhqGJ? ,yfeDa&Ta&; 0wfqifpD;eif;aqmif&Gufap? yOif;avmif;awmf? &Sifavmif;awmfwdkUudk ou&mZf 930jynfh ewfawmfvqef; 14&ufaeU (2 December 1568) uuHaqmifap? yOif;avmif;awmf &Sifavmif;awmfwdkUudk tMuD;tMuyfESifh cefUjrJcefU? ou&mZf 930jynfh ewfawmfvqef; 14&ufaeU (2 December 1568) eHeufpDpOf cif;usif; taomum&mrwdkuf &wemausmif;awmfrSm yOif;avmif;awmf &Sifavmif;awmfwdkUudk onftpDtpOf tcif;tusif;twdkif; a&Teef;awmfodkU0if jyjrJjyap? a&pufawmfoGef;jyD;rS jidrfoufpGm xGufoGm;ap? qifusdK;a&TulodrfawmfodkUa&mufvQif yOif;avmif;awmfwdkUudk aqmufxm;onfhwJuEm;wGif jidrfoufpGmaeap? yOif;avmif;awmfwdkUudk odrfawmfodkU 0ifjrJ0ifap? jidrfoufvQif &cJjcif; 5yg;udk trdefUawmfjyefjrJ jyefap? jyefjyD;vQif tcgawmftwdkif; ur0gwifjrJwifap? q&mawmf oCFm awmf57yg;udkvnf; ok"rX&yfawmfodkUyifh qGrf;ypnf; vSL'gef;auR;arG; pD&if &SdonfudkjyD;ajyatmif pD&if/ ou&mZf 930jynfh uqkefvqef; 8&ufaeU (3 April 1568) aerdE&wGifjyef/ (ol&d,? ar 1933? pm65-7? a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

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1568

ou&mZf930jynfh uqkefvqef; 10&ufaeU aerdE&wGifjyef/ (ol&d,? twGJ 17? trSwf1?rwf1933?pm67-8? a&S;a[mif;pmay okawoD)

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bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom q'efqifrif;ocif qifjzLrsm;&Sif vufeufpMumociftoQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&S;a&S;aom udk,fawmftjzpf jznfhusifhqnf;bl;awmfrlcJhaom ukodkvfuH awmfaMumifh ,ckb0jrwfaom rif;tjzpfodkUa&mufawmfrlvQif ab;avmif; awmfr[morwpMumr@yfrif;jrwfrif;aumif;wdkU bdodufcHonfh xHk;pH oufao&Sdonfhtwdkif; rk'gbdodufudk ESpfMudrfajrmufpifcHawmfrlonf? rif;wdkU usifhtyfaom &mZ"Hw&m;taygif;udkvnf; rapmif;rrSm; ap&atmif usifhaqmifawmfrlonf? oAnkwbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom w&m; a'oem rsm;pGm,dk,Gif;ojzifh &[ef;&Sifvljynfoljynfom;wdkU tusifhoDv wdrf;apmif;orQudkvnf; tem*wokwa'oem Asm'dwfawmfESifhtnD udk,fawmf\yifyef;jcif;udk riJheSpfaygif;rsm;pGm rSefuef&mjzpfapMumif; udka&TESvkH;awmfxm;vsuf w&m;ojzifhaqG;aEG;ajymqdkawmfrlonf? w&m; taygif;aMuifh rif;qufwum &cJpGmaom q'efqifrif;udk &awmfrljcif;/ vufeufpMum&wemtaygif; a&Tpufawmfatmufrsm;pGma&mufjcif;? bkef;awmfMuD;vsuf oufawmf&Snfjcif; paomrsm;jrwfaom aumif;usdkK; taygif;ESifhjynfhpkHawmfrlonf? wdkif;MuD;jynfMuD;qdkorQonf olcdk;xm;jy vQuf pm;aygufpm;jyKolwdkUESifhruif;&m bk&m;vufxuf &mZj*dK[f om0wdtp&Sdaom wdkif;MuD;jynfMuD;wdkUvnf; cdk;olcdk;om;rsm;ay:&SdaMumif; udkZmwfedygwf usrf;*efwdkUvmonf? a&TjynfawmfrSp EdkifiHawmfjrdKUjy aus;&Gmrsm;rSmvnf; wdkif;um;jynf&Gmaus;&Gmrsm;jym;onfjzpf wa,muf Opmudkwa,muf vQyfaygufcdk;0Sufjcif;? EdkifxufpD;uJrawmfroifhusifhjcif; trIay:xGufonf? ay:xGuforQudkvnf; rSefuef&mppfaq; 'Pfxdkuf oludk'PfESifh avsmfpGm&mZ0wfaMumif; xkH;pHtwdkid;owfwefol udkowff &onf?jzwfwefoludkjzwf&onf? xdkodkUuGyfnSyfpD&ifawmfrl&jcif;onfvnf; avmuwp&d,? jynfolwdkUtusdK;pD;yGm;udk axmufawmfrl uGyfnSyfpD&if awmfrl&jcif;jzpfonf? &mZ0wfxkH;pHpD&if&efftrIxdkufaomfvnf; igt&Sif {u&mZf rif;jrwfESifh pyfaoma&TaiG&wem

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5 April 1568

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91

10 April

1568

bkef;awmfftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom a&ajrt&Sif qEefqifrif;ocif qifjzLrsm;&Sif vufeufpMumocif toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? 45(? 1483)pm&if;rSm ykwvif&Gmu iyef;axG;tdrfwGif om;orD;rSefolwdkUudkwGJbuf wcsufwnf;pm&if;ryg ajr;wdkUudkom wGJbuf wtdrfwnf; qufoGif;onf? om;orD;rSefolwdkUudk tdrfjcm; wtdrfpDqufoGif; yg0ifonfht&monf om;orD;ajr;jrpfrSefvsuf trsdK;taqGuGJjym;&SdMuonf ruGJjym;&SdavjyD;aom trsKd;taqGwdkUtm; ruGJrjym;ap&? aphpyfpk&kH;jcif;onfvnf; a,musFm;jrwfwdkU\vuPmawmf MuD; 32 yg;wGif aumopm'*FZmw? vumPmawmf&jcif;taMumif; jzpfonfudk usrf;*efvm&Sdonfhtwdkif; 45(? 1483)pm&if; uGJjym;oD;jcm; &Sdavonf/ trsdK;taqGom;ajr;jrpfwdkUtm; ruGJrjym;ap&? ,ck ppfodrf; awmfrlonfh pm&if;awmfwGif 45ck(? 1483)u om;orD;ajr;jrpf rSefvsufuGJjym; tdrfjcm;rSeforQudk pm&if;awmfrSmruGJrjym;apESifh? trd tbESifh wcsufwnf; wtdrfwnf;om pmoGif;ap? t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gm tpktief; rsm;rSmvnf; onfuJhodkU ukodkvfawmf txl;jzpfpdrfhaomiSg aygif;pkpnf; Hk;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; om;orD;ajr;jrpfwdkUudk 45ck(?1483) pm&if;u tdrfuGJygaomfvnf; ,ckpm&if;awmfrSm tdrfuJra&;rom;MuapESifh? rdb om;ajr;jrpfrSeforQudk wtdrfwnf;om aygif;pnf;pkHk; pm&if;awmf qufoGif;a&;om;Muap? usm;MuD;rMuD; usm;i,fri,fudkom rSefatmif aumufESKwf a&;om;ap/ ou&mZf 930jynfh uqkefvjynfhaeU(10 April 1568) a'gAnm; wGifjyef/ (ol&d,? rwf 1933? pm 68? a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

92

1 March

1569

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&S;ab;avmif;awmfwdkU vufxuf xD;eef;u eufpdkufaqmufwnfaxmif pdk;tkyfawmfrlonfh omoemjyK {u&mZfrif;jrwf tquf (quf) trSKxrf;t&mxrf;(qif)onf jrif;onfajconf ol&JwdkUudk om;awmftpOf ajr;awmftquf t"GefU&SnfpGm omoema&;ESifhwuG raxG;r&Suf O'gef;armfuGef;tpOf xGef;atmifaoG;aomufpk? jrif;pk? 'dkif;? vrdkif;? 0if;? udk,f&H? aumif;[efaoewfpk? a&SU0ef;usifaoewf? aemuf0ef;usifaoewf? ajreef;aoewfrSp toD;toD; tpk (t) ief;bGJU awmfrlonf/ nDawmfbk&ifvufxufawmfvnf; a&TavS? a&TvSH? vuf0JaMumif;? vuf,maMumif;? a&GaMumif;? ewfpkbGJUawmfrlonf? ighvufxufawmfwGifvnf; 40? 50? pm;awmfuGrf; a&udkif? aoG;aomufpk? jrif;pkwdk;yGm;bGJUbufawmfrl&SdjyD; txGwftxdwf pdk;tkyfawmfrlonfrSp omoemawmf pD;yGm;udk,fawmfpD;yGm; om;awmftpOf ajr;awmftquf pD;yGm; jynfolvltaygif;wdkU pD;yGm;rsm;rnftaMumif;udk aeUnrjywf tm;xkwfawmf rlonf/ xD;eef;ueufpdkufaqmufwnfaxmif pdk;tkyfawmfrlonfh {u&mZfrif;jrwfwdkUvufxuf pkbGJUief;bGJUqdkonfht&monf wdkif;EdkifiH tacstjrpfjzpf tpOf&SnfpGm xif&Sm;wnfxGef;rnfjzpfonf/ wdkif;a&; jynfrSK jidrf0yfrSom omoemawmf pnfyifyGifhvif;rnfjzpfonf/ wdkif;rSKjynfrSK&SdvQif tvG,fwul wpkwHk;wnf; aumufumiifum& wdkif;a&;jynfrSK jidrf0yfatmif opmawmfay;jrJay; ajrmufbufwdkuf? qifauswdkuf? wGif;oif;wdkuf? r[m'gefwdkuf? 5pdkUwdkuf? ajrmufbufjrif;? &wemodcFjrdKU? i&eJjrdKU? pnfykw&mjrdKU? oyGwfawm 6&Gm? a&Tum&Gmpk? aus;&Gmaetonfwdkif xrf;vlwdkUudk ewf&Sifjrif;? &Jabmfjrif;? a&Tjynfjrif;? eef;OD;jrif;? eef;wGif;jrif;? a&TjynfMuD;jrif;? a&Tjynfawmfjrif;rsm;ESifh &nfwl opmawmfay;jrJay; aoewfaoG;aomufpk bGJUbufawmfrl&m yg0ifonfh vlwdkUudk pka&;pkudkifjrdKU&GmolMuD;rsm;u rif;rSKrif;cif; rcefUrxm;apESifh? a<u;awmif;jrDawmif;

93

1 March

1569

rawmif;rxkwfapESifh? om;ajr;wdkU t&G,fa&mufvQifvnf; aoewfpkrSm xrf;&Gufap? aoG;aomufMuD;wdkUrSm "g;oHywfig;wGif aiGuGyf? 0wfvHk ouvyfzJuGyf? armufwdk? tHk;eD? ,yfeD? armufI? yg;um;ygvnf auG;zJoif acsmzJuGyf? rsOf;wdkzJoifacsmzJuGyf? rsOf;&SnfzJoifacsmzJuGyf? jrif;uudkif; anmif&Guf 3yGifhaiGZ0g? jrif;MudK;ouvyftpdrf;teDwefUzJuGyf? pD;ESD;ouvyf tpdrf;teDwefUzJuGyf? uawmifteDokwf? tMuyfwdkUrSm "g;dk; &Snf&if;zsm;aiGuGyf? armufwdk? tHk;euf? ,yfeD? armufl? yg;umem;um ygvnfauG; zJoifacsmzJuGyf? rsOf;wdkzJoifacsmzJuGyf? rsOf;&SnfzJoifacsm zJjymzJuGyf? aoewfpGJudkifoli,fom;wdkUrSm armufwdktHk;euf,ufeD? armufl? yg;umem;um? ygvnfauG;? zJoifacsmzJuGyf? rsOf;wdkzJoifacsmzJuGyf? rsOf;&SnfzJoifacsmzJjymzJuGyf? aoewfeDyg;xnftdwfoGwf pD;eif;aqmif&Guf 0wfqifap/ ou&mZf 930jynfh waygif;vjynfhaeU (1 March 1569) a'gAnm; wGifjyef/ (ol&d,? *Ref 1933? pm 53-4? a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

94

20 February

1570

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom qifjzLrsm;ocif b0&Sifrif;w&m; MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ EdkifiHawmfjzpfaom Zif;r,faus;pyfoDabm aus;pyfwGif oOf0DjynfMuD;ESifh cEDjynfMuD;wdkUonf uefoif;rsm;jykvkyf e,fy,fwdkif;csJUxm;onfudk oDaygapmfbGm;ap a&Tb0g;awmfatmuf a&mufvmavonf/ [Hom0wDAdkvfrSL;Anm;'vwdkufqif 30? jrif;300? vl 1000? Anm;pufudkqif 30? jrif;300? (vl) 1000? jynfjrdKUpm;qif 20? jrif; 300? vl 1000? beef;pm;qif 20? jrif; 300? vl 1000ESifhcsD/ ou&mZf 931ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 2&ufaeU (20 February 1570) aerdE&wGifjyef/ (ol&d,? *Ref 1933? pm 55? a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

95

(25) July

157(0)

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96

(25) July

157(0)

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97

(25) July

157(0)

ESifh 73jym;ay;ap? pHudkifijzLrSm aus;Zl;opmawmfjrwf 0rf;wGif&Sdonfh twdkif; a&Tvkyfoli,fom;wdkUudk ajzmifhrwfrSefuefatmif rppfraMum rpDr&ifi,fom;ESifh twlwlusifholjzpfonf/ pHudkift&muESKwf? 0Pol&udk opmawmfay; pHudkifcefU? a&TcyftyfvkyfapvQifvnf; pHudkifrSm pHcs cyfvkyfap? a&TvkyfvlrSeforQudkvnf; pHawmfyHkawmf a&T&nfa&TaoG; rayghtavsmh rcdk;r,l rvQyfraygufap&? awmfwnfhrSefuefajzmifhrwfatmif pHudkifuppfaMumpD&ifap? yHkawmfpHawmfa&T&nfa&TaoG;udkavsmhaygha&mif;0,f aMumif;udk awGUrdvQif awGUrdoludk pHudkifuHk;awmfodkU ydkUtyfap aemifr0HhatmifpD&if/ ou&mZf 93(2)ck0gacgifv (jynfhausmf9&ufaeU) (25 July 157(0)) a'gAnm;wGifjyef? (ol&d,?twGJ 17?trSwf 2?{jyD 1933?pm 61-2? a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

98

6 October

1570

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom qifjzLrsm;ocif toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ EdkifiHawmf Zif;r,faus;ESifh oDabmaus;udk cEDjynfESifh oOf0DjynfwdkUu xdyg;vmjyefMuonf[k a&Tem;awmfMum;awmf rljyefavonf/ Anm;'vESifh Anm;pufwdkU axmifwyfESifhcsD? ppfudkif;pm; oa&pnfolESifh A'Hkpm;wdkUudkvnf; qif 30? jrif; 300? vl 1000pDay; tjyif;csDwufvkyfMuHMuap/ ou&mZf 932ck wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 9&ufaeU (6 October 1570) aerdE&wGifjyef/ (ol&d,r*Zif; *Ref 1933? rsuf 55? a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

99

6 September 1573

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom qifjzLrsm;&Sif vufeufpMumocif toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdeUawmf&Sdonf? &Jacgifpuausmfudk jrif;wyfrSL;? ol&defpuausmf? ysHcsDpEausmfwdkUudk ppfuJ? wrefpEudk wyfa&;? wyfygjrif;pD; 32? vSHudkif 88? 2pk 120ESifh wwyf? &Jacgifay:pudk jrif;wyfrSL;? ol&defysHcsDudkppfuJ? ijrwfomudkwyfa&;? wyfygjrif;pD; 35? vSHudkif 80? 2pk 115ESifh wwyf? rPd&Jacgifudkjrif;wyfrSL;? iwHvHudk wyfa&;? wyfjrif;pD; 19? vSHudkif 46? 2pk 65ESifh wwyf? ewfausmfoludk wyfrSL;? pu&efEdkif? pufpdefajymifwdkUudk ppfuJ? &JvSe&m? iwufwdkUudk em;cH? ia&Tjynf? itdk;vnfwdkUudk wyfa&;? wyfygaoewfudkif 433? vSHudkif 67? 2pk 500ESifh wwyf? &Jacgife&mausmfxifudkwyfrSL;? ol&&Jacgif ausmfxif? &JwifoD[wdkUudkppfuJ? &Jausmfol&def? ol&def&JaewdkUudk em;cH? Av&Jacgifausmfxif? iomjzLwdkUudk wyfa&;? wyfygjrif;pD; 40? aoewfudkif 200? vSHudkif 160? 3pk 400ESifh wwyf? a&Tawmifvuf0JausmfudkwyfrSL;? ijrwfol? ivGef;ajywdkUudk ppfuJ? ijidrf;? a'0oD[wdkUudk em;cH? wk&ifysHcsD? iMuD;wdkUudk wyfa&;? wyfygaoewfudkif 250? vSHudkif 250? 2pk 500ESifh wwyf? oD&dpnfolausmfacgifudk wyfrSL;? oD&da&Tawmif? iomyef;wdkUudk ppfuJ? iomyef;atmif? ijzLwdkUudk em;cH? ipdefndK? ivHk;wdkUudkwyfa&;? wyfygjrif;pD; 60? aoewfudkif 200? vSHudkif 240? 3pk vl 500ESifh wwyf? oD&da0oludkwyfrSL;? tmuma&Tawmif? i<uif;wdkUudkppfuJ? AvysHcsD? iomuG,fwdkUudk em;cH? yGJvHkatmif? itdk;vnfwdkUudkwyfa&;? wyfygjrif;pD; 40? aoewfudkif 200? vHudkif 260? 3pk 500ESifhwwyf? irSHKudk wyfrSL; Avol? e&mol0wdkUudk ppfuJ? ijrwfpdef? iomjzLwdkUudk em;cH? i&efuif;? indKwdkUudk wyfa&;? iatmifausmfudk jrif;wyfrSL;? iacG;udkwyfa&;? wyfygjrif;pD; (40) ? aoewfudkif 140? vSHudkif 197? 3pk 377ESifhwwyf? ol&aemf&xmudkwyfrSL;? vuf0J&Jausmf? vusfmysHcsDausmfpGmwdkUudk ppfuJ? ysHcsD&Jacgifausmf? eErdwfpnfolausmfwdkUudk em;cH? ia&T? oD&daZ,s? iausmf xifwdkUudk wyfa&;? wyfygao

100

6 September

1573

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6 September 1573

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14 November 1573

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14 March

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14 March

(1574) March

(ou&mZf935ckaESmif;)weful;vjynhfausmf 8&ufaeU (14 (1574)) aerdE&wGifjyef/ (a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

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110

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9 April 1597

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29 May 1597

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ crnf;awmfbk&m;onftwdkif; rodaomOmPfawmfjzifh aqmufawmfrl anmif&rf;jrdKUudk ol&Jaumif;[ef udk,f&H&Srf;pk,Gef;pk ay;tyfawmfrl pMumav;yGifh tdrfacgifwef;av;ql? aqmiful;? aqmifuyf? 0if;jrif;uyf? txufuGyfjypf? pjrif? ol&Jwef;ESifhwuG a0gyvm? usdKif;MuD;? usdKif;i,f? pD;qif,nfomr? qifawmfonf pk2pk? aoGmHpk2pk? jrif;pk 2pk? aoewfpk 2pk oem;awmfrligtoQif b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;udk rif;om; vufxufu oem;awmfrl a&SUHk;aemufHk;twGif; 0if;Hk;ESifh pD&if&onf/ ,ckigonf a&S;ay;bl;aomuHESifhtnD xD;jzLaqmif;awmfrlonf? ou&mZf 959ck awmfovif;vjynhfausmf2&uf4aeU (17 August 1597) omuD0ifrif;rsdK; owdk;rif;zsm; wnfaxmifjyKpkawmfrlaom oHvsufuRef; a&TxD;pdkuf pdk;tkyfprg,fawmfrlonf/ xGufawmfrlMuD;pD&if? jrdKUwGif;jrdKUjyif kupdk;? bkrpdk;? tmumopdk;? aomwmyef? o*'g*ef? tem*ef? omoemawmfapmifh jrdKUapmifhewfwdkUudk ykPm;udk;yg;pku tZm*k&mZdE wdkUESifh ykPm;50? oD&dr[m"r? oD&dOum"r? a&SU0if;oD&daZ,ausmfol? pma&;MuD;&mZoa&? ydokumysHpnfol? vuform; 500 wdkUudk tvQif &wemyl& t0odkU oGm; pD&ifap? 0efwdkUu pmoifhatmifay;rSm/ ou&mZf 959ck e,kefvjynfhausmf10&uf1aeU (29 May 1597) pajrmifrSL;xkwf Hk;wGifjyef/ (a&S;a[mif;pmayokawoD)

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3 January

1650

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rif;orD;rif;om; taqmift&Guf tpD;teif;udk trSL;trwf tpD;teif; (ul;onf) jrifonf/ rpD;reif;apESifh? rif;om; rif;ajr; trSL;trwf orD;uawmfwdkUrSmvnf; oem;awmfrlonfh tpD;teif; taqmift&Gufudk pm&if;ay;&if; rSwfom;xm;? ul;raqmifapESifh? rif;om;rif;ajr;udk uwDyg tpdrf;teD0wfap? awmfaeuwDygajymuf0wfap/ xD;pvG,f oem;awmfrloolyif jzpfaomfvnf; a&TcsnfygESifh wkvTwfrsdK; [lorQudk r0wfapESifh? avSoem;awmfrloolwdkUrSmvnf; atmif;eDouvyf uawmhydk;usdK;omqGJap? yef;qdkif;atmif; rqGJapESifh? atmif;udkvnf; a&roDapESifh? 0J;oHk;axmifa&ESifhuGmap? tvHudkvnf; ukef;p&ufa'gifhokwf ZrLeDudkvnf; rwnfapESifh? eD;yg;xnfudkom tvHvkyfap? yef;yGm;jzLom qGJap? teDoif;acsmomxnfhap? avSmfonfhwufudkvnf; teDoap; rokwfapESifh? wufjzLomavSmfap? wufrudkrlum; teDokwfap? yOif;ysdK&Sif ysdKwdkUudk yef;qGJaygufqdk; ydk;em;ewfaea&mifonfrsm;udk acgif;wufraqmif apESifh? 0Judkvufcsm;qdk; teDqdk; em;awmif;udkvnf; r0wfap ryefapESifh? rSL;awmfrwfawmf oif;rSL; aus;pm;wdkUudkvnf; yef;qdkif; tusDyef;qdk;aygif; xkwfyef;ESpfykqdk;udk r0wfapESifh/ ou&mZf 1011ck wydkwGJvqef; 12&ufaeU (3 January 1650) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

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16 March

1652

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ uRefjrwfacgif;cefUvQif a,musfm;udk 3? rdef;rudk 2? 50dcH ap? oli,ftrdk;tpm;ESifh trdtbaMumifh ay;vdkufonfudk acgif;tjrD; r,lapESifh? a&Tjynfpdk;tpm;rSm vlwa,mufudk 25dpDay;ap? yGJctjyD;cay;ap? jywfoolvnf; yGJctjyD;cay;ap? aMu;vdkufpm;ap? aMu;cwfonfwdkUudk tytpm; jzpf&rnf/ uRefacgif;rSm rpm;om? wdkufawmf0if jzpfap&rnf/ aps;udkvnf; waumifaps; pm;vlwdkU raumufapESifh? uGrf;OD;aumufawmf rlrS 50dudkvnf; aMu;roGif;apESifh? uGrf;&Sdo toHk;awmfbdkU eEausmfoludkoGif;ap/ ou&mZf 1013ck(aESmif;)wul; vjynhfausmf 3&uf3aeU (16 March 1652) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98^171^7ay)

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2 September 1653

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ aemufaqmufvkyfrnfh ausmif;rsm;udk cHkaqmifvHk;yef;vS rxnfhrvkyfapESifh/ trSL;trwfausmif;jzpfvQif onfwk&iftrTef;csifydwfudk a&Txnfhap/ jynfaxmifcsifpGef; txufjrif;rdk&fvnfqD;udk a&TrxnfhapESifh? ausmif;wGif;udkrlum; wdkifrm&bif&e,fxkyfavQmufudkxnfhap/ wk&ifwGif xD;rxnfhapESifh? pdefbl;omwifap? Ouifxnfhonfh qifuwfvnfonf? tkyfavSum;tkwfwwdkif;vkufydk aqmufvkyfrnfhtaMumif;udk &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD; wif xnfhvkyfap trdefUawmf&SdrS vkyf&rnf? eEausmfolrSmrlum;? cHkaqmif vHk;yef;vSxnfhvkyfcif;avjyD;onf jzpfaomaMumifh xnfhvkyfavjyDonf twdkif; &Sdap/ ou&mZf 1015ck awmfovif;vjynfhausmf6&ufaeUwGif (2 September 1653) eEAvjyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98^171^7ay)

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12 January

1654

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12 January

1654

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1 January

1655

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1655

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22 February

1656

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18 November 1657

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3 March

1658

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131

3 March

1658

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132

3 March

1658

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133

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25 April (25 April 1659)

1659

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134

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2 June ewfawmfvqef;5&ufaeU(26 November

1661 1660)

135

2 June 1661

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136

8 June 1661

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137

21 October

1661

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138

17 April 1662

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139

1 May

1662

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140

14 August

1662

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141

17 August

1663

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142

21 January

1664

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143

28 February

1664

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144

19 April

1664

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145

1 May

1664

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146

(22 May

1664)

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147

11 June 1664

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148

31 March

1665

onfudk rD;rSKxif;&m qifvGwfjrif;vGwf&SdvQif vuf,m&Eol? &ra,mwm? vuf,mwk&if? onfrsm;udk0ifap? twGif;awmfjrJ 40awmfom; 50awmf om;twGif; awmfjrJoudk r0ifapESifh? Hk;awmfwGif aeap/ ou&mZf 1026ck aESmif;wul;vjynfhausmf11&uf (6)aeU (31 March 1665) vuf,mwk&ifjyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98 - 171 - 7 ay)

149

16 October

1665

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ vuf,m0if;rSL; vuf,m&Erdwfu awmifbDvmrSm aqmufonfh Z&yfudk rkwfxnfh aqmufvkyfyg&rnfh taMumif;udk &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wif&m rif;om;rif;ajr;awmfae rSL;MuD;rwfMuD;ae&m 5oG,fae wdkU p&yf waqmif;vnf; trsm;yif&Sdonf/ MuD;onfrlavm? vuf,m&Erdwfurkwfxnfh aqmufygrnfqdkonf/ aqmufyap? ausmif;wifrlum; cHkaygifvHk;yefvSESifh vkyfaqmifonfom rif;{u&mZf t&mawmfjzpfonf/ p&yfwaqmif;ausmif;uefudk xD;rxnfhapESifh/ ou&mZf 1027ck waqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf4&uf 2aeU (16 October 1665) &mausmfoljyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

150

15 January

1666

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ 0if;awmf 4rsufESm 'dkif;ol&Jwyfom;aoewftajrmuf orm; bGm;bufausmfpajrmifa&Toayguf tkyform; tcsKyform; a&SUawmfajy; OD;,nfawmf apmifrsufyg;orm;onfrsm;rSmudk a,musfm;yg rdef;ryg pm&if;oGif;/ a&Tyef;yefjrif;aygifvkif taqmifawmfudkif 0g;&if;xkwfom;oluRefausmif;rSD ausmif;uRef tonf? onfrsm;rSm vrdkif;rESifhoifh&mwGifjrifonfh om;orD;udk vHk;vHk;vrdkif;odkU pm&if;oGif;/ vufvkyfa,musfm;ESifh oifh&mwGif jrifonfh om;orD;aomfum; a,musfm;yg rdef;ryg pm&if;oGif;ap? vufvkyfpm&if;oGif;ap? vufvkyfpm&if;ESifh qdkif wyg;tpk&Sif r&Sdoudk vufvkyfawmfodkUoGif;? tarGvkvrdkif;awmf odkU roGif;cifjrifaom om;orD;wyg; t&Sifwyg; t&Sifjzpfoolonf vrdkif;awmf roGif;cif t&Sif&Sduwnf;uyif oifhMu jrifyg om;orD;udk t&Sif&Sdpnfuwnf;uyif a,musfm;yg rdef;rygrqdkom? vrdkif;awmf rlvES,f pm&if;[l ou&mZf 1003ck (1641) uyif vrdkif;wdkUrSm onftwdkif; crnf;awmf b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonfudk ,refwGif a,musfm;vdkuf a,musfm;yg rdef;rvdkuf rdef;ryg pD&ifavonf/ odkUpD&if ou&mZf 1011ck (1649) pm&if;rSm a,musfm;vdkuf a,musfm;yg rdef;rvdkuf rdef;ryg &SdMuavjyD;onf/ onfodkU rqdkom? ou&mZf1011ck pm&if;awmf wifonfaemufrS pD&ifqHk;jzwf jyD;jywfavjyD;onfudkvnf; rqdkom? onfjyifudkonfi trdefUawmf pm&SdavonfrSp crnf;awmf b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif;om pD&if/ ou&mZf 1027ck wydkwGJvjynfhausmf 6&uf2aeU (15 January 1666) 0if;rSL; 4rsufESm 0efpk tpkpma&;wdkUudks vTwfawmfwGif aZ,swref zwfjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

151

14 June

1666

rif;uRefawmfrsdK;onf? olaus;oluRefjzpfavonf? pnfvGifavonfrsm;udk xkyf rif;uRefawmf tpdkUodkU xrf;aponfom? rsufrsm;wifavonfrsm;udk xkwf tpdkUodkUoGif; xrf;aponf/ rif;uRefawmftpdkUcsif;om usLHk\/ odkU&Sdatmif oifhMuap? wyg;oluRefESifh r&SufrwifapESifh? 998ck(1636) uyif trdefUawmf&SdqHkrS rif;uRefawmfrsdK;onfwyg; rdef;rwyg; a,musfm; oifhonf&Sdaomf om;orD;udkom a,musfm;yg rdef;ryg&ap? ou&mZf 1000 (1638) uyifonftwdkif; crnf;awmf b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ,refwGifvnf; crnf;awmf b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmftwdkif; wnfapxyf trdefUawmf&Sdjyefonf/ odkUtrdefUawmf &SdjyefaMumif;udkrlum; uRefawmfrsdK;csif;wGifudkom a,musfm;vdkuf a,musfm;yg rdef;rvdkuf rdef;ryg jzpfap[l rpD&ifom/ pD&ifavjyD;orQudk aomfrlum; rqdkomjyD? onftrdefUawmf&SdonfaeUrSp crnf;awmf b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;vufxufawmf rdef;rvTwfol a,musfm;um;uRefoifhMu om;orD;jzpfa0cGJonf? tvGwfolw&m;udk rEk&mZmwdkU pD&ifxHk;pD&ifenf; twdkif; rdef;rum; tvGwfol a,musfm;um; uRefoifhus om;a,musfm; om;rdef;rarG;onfjzpfap a,musfm;csnf; rdef;rcsnf; arG;onfjzpfap? oHk;pkpk ESpfpkudk rdef;rtvGwfol&ap? wpkudk a,musfm;&Sif&ap? onftrdefUawmf &Sdonftwdkif; enf;usatmif pD&if/ ou&mZf 1028ck yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf9&uf5aeU (14 June 1666) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

152

15 September 1666

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? rif;om;rif;ajr;rSL;rwfwdkUonf crnf;awmfb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD; vufxufawmfay;awmfrlonfhtwdkif;taqmifta,mif taqmift&Gufudkaqmifap? ivufxufawmfwGifvnf; ay;awmfrlonfh twdkif;omaqmif&rnf? xl;wdk;vkyfaqmif&rnfr[kwf? uGrf;vdyfoem; awmfrloolwdkUrSmvnf; uGrf;vdyfem;ukdvufrw0ef;cefU tjymufxkap? tv,fudktaMumif;iifap? tajymufxkvdkvQifvnf; tv,faMumif;iif&mudk jynfh&kHomxkap? abmif;xnfhrvkyfapESifh? awmfae&mwdkUudk vufbuftdk; &Spfaxmifhvkyf pm;vkdvQifpm;ap? cdkeef;vkyfrpm;apESifh? onfhjyifrsm;udk t0ef;av;axmifhompm;ap? carmufwifvdkvnf; rif;om;rif;ajr;awmfaeudk wif;oyum; csdwfxdkufteDoifacsmaqmifap? onfhjyifudkteDacsmaqmifap? onfhjyifukdteDoifacsmraqmifapESifh? aq;cs,fomaqmifap? ae&m5oG,f ae? uGrf;pifvufwGif;ae?trnf&omcarmufwifaqmif;ap? aq;orm;? oaX;? ydokumwdkUukdraqmifapESifh? tdEnmurlum;aqmifap? usdKif;vnf; ae&mESifhtrnf&omaqmifap? 'dkif;rI;oif;rI;trI;tMuD;wdkUrSm oem;awmfrl onfjzpfrSomusdKif;aqmif&rnf? xm;aqmifonfvnf;rif;om;rif;ajr;rSom aqmif&rnf? aqmifvQiftdrfroGyfapESifh? trI;trwfwdkUvnf; trSwfay; awmfrlorQomaqmifap? xm;tdrfudka&Turwf rxkd;apESifh? ynm&Hwudkrl um;xm;aqmifvdkvQif aqmifap? rD;rIxif;&m&Sdaomfrlum; xm;vSHygjrJ yg&rnf? vuf,mausmfolrlum; jrdKU0efjzpfonf? xm;ESifhruif;om aqmifap/ ou&mZf 1028ck awmfovif;vjynfhausmf13&uf (15 September 1666) aeUtrdefUawmf(rsKd;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

153

21 November 1666

ou&mZf 1028ck eawmfvqef;6&ufaeU(21 November 1666) jAJwdkufawmfodkUxGufawmfrl&mwGif rm&bifom;wdkUu jrifrnftaMumif;ukd &Sdckd;oHawmfOD;wif&mwGif trdefUawmf&wef;ESifh em&Dxm;onf wefaqmif; wpyfwnf;&Sdonfukd em&Dom;wdkUuvnf; vkyf&dk;r&Sdqdkonf? trdefUawmf& om;wdkUuvnf; aewefudkrSa&Srvkyfbl;yg vkyfaptrdefUawmf&SdvQif uREfkyf aexrf;wGifom vkyfyg&rnf em&DwefonfuREkyfwdkUESifhrqdkifyg [l nif;qdkaMumif;ESifhoHawmfOD;wifvQif wefaqmif;onfwdkUudk vkyfap aumif;atmifvkyfedkifrnfr[kwf? opfoHvuform; ESpfa,muf0efwdkUrSm awmif; trdefUawmf&om;wdkUudkvkyfap? em&Dom;wdkUrSm nOfhaeUyiftrI &SdonfjzpfaomaMumifh vlrsm;vQifulnDvkyfap? odkUtrdefUawmf&Sdonfudk wjzif&mwGifrS waqmifESifhem&Dxm;onftqufudk eef;uHauR;tonf vuform; ydokumopfawmoHawmf tkyfMuyfawmfESifh a&TvSHaxmifrI;pD&if vkyfonf? awmifuwbufudk trdefU&odkU opf0g;pdkuf vkyfonf? onfjyifaeoolrSm tvdkuftvkdufvkyfap/ trdefU awmfESifhxrf;vkyfonf taMumif;/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

154

19 December 1666

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? eyufae&Sifawm a&T&Sifawmbvmvufudkifb&ifcsdao ewfwHwm;OD; aoewfvufa&G;awmfom; wdkUuyg;wpkyqufonfhpmESifh 0ef&SifxGifqkdMuonfh tu &m0ef&SifpD&ifcsuf ppfaMumar;jref;aMumif;rsm;ukd &Sdckd;oHawmfOD;wifonfrSm &Sifawma&G;&Sif awmyvm vufudkif b,if*sD aoewf wHwm;OD;aoewf a&G;awmfpkom;u &Sdckd;oHawmfOD;wifquf aomfvnf; tpkcstuGufcsr[kwfbJ vkyfpm;aqmifpm; aeoolwdkUudk jrKUdwdkif;&Gmwdkif;pD&ifxkH; pD&ifenf;usavjyD;onfudk &Sifawma&G;&Sif awmbvm b,if*sD aoewfwHwm;OD;aoewfvufa&G;awmfom;wpkwdkUom xl; vTwfomcsdrfUrnfavm? tonfw0ufwdkUonf uyg;w0ufwdkU ajronf aoewfvkifjrif;onfvkifao ewfw0ufudk? ukd,f&Hawmf wdkif;aumif;[ef;'kdif;wdkUudk ay;? xyf0efwkdUpD&ifonfoifhavjyD/ ou&mZf 1028 ckjymodkvqef; 5&uf4aeU(19 December 1666) trdefawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; wk&ifypnf;&mZ*kw qifacgif;'dkif;rI;wdkU&kH;awmf wGif 2bufrsufESmnDjyefonfh trdeUfawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

155

3 April

1667

ukvm;oabFmom;wdkUt&ifrSm om;orD;wkdUwyg;ae wdkufudkiSm; pm;aMumif;udk &Sdckd;oHawmfOD;wifonfrSm? iSm;&rf;rpm;apESifU? pm&if;ay; rSwfodrf;? oefwrefukefonfMuD;wdkUa&mufvQif tifukdvdkufcs&rnf? wdkufwGiftdrfwGifom;r,m;jzpfaevQifaeap? raebJiSm;&rf;pm;onfrsm;udk tpm;om/ ou&mZf(1129)ck (aESmif;)wul;vjynfhausmf6&uf5aeU (3 April 1667) trdefUawmf/ (rskdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

156

1 February 1668

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rif;om;rif;ajr;rI;awmfrwfawmfwdkU ausmif;uef aqmufvQif rkwfxkwfonf? Ouifxnfhonf? tkwfavSum;vkyfonf? rvkyfapESifU/ onfjyifxkwf qifuyfvnf aqmufvdkooludk aqmufy ap? a&S;vnf;ausmif;a[mif;xkH;a[mif;rsm;onf trSwfrJhtrsm;yif aqmuf avonf ausmif;uef&Sdonf/ ou&mZf 1029ck waygif;vqef;0aeU (1 February 1668) trdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

157

21 March

1668

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ axmif4rsufESmom;onf tpnfyifuRef;tvkH;pkH tao; tzGJcefUxm;apyg&onf? oif;wdkUwGif trIt&m&Sd pm;a<u;aomufa<u; aMumifh ae&m&uRef&SifwdkUudkac: axmifom;rif;uRefwdkUudk0,fonf? aygifonf? uRefjyK&rnfavm[lvnf;rqdkoifh? qif;&Jolqif;&Jom;wdkU a<u;udkvnf; oif;wdkUwGiftrIt&m&Sd pm;a<u;aomufa<u;aMumifhjzpfonf udk udk,fiSm;&rf; uRef&SifwdkUudkay;ap? a<u;ydkif&SiftrIxrf;ap vlvGwf olxGuf&dk;r,faeonfrsm;udkvnf; MuyfMuyfedkifatmifppf/ ou&mZf 1029ck (aESmif;) wul;vjynfhausmf5&uf0aeU (21 March 1668) trdefUawmf/ (rsKd;Munfh98-171-7ay)

158

6 October

1668

eEol&d,ausmif;aqmuf&mrSm O*ifxnfhvkdvQifxnfhyap? trI;trwfwdkU ausmif;aqmuf&mrSmvnf; pdrfbl;wyfvkdvQifwyfyap? MuD;onfr[kwf tvSLtwef;t&mjzpfonf/ ou&mZf 1030ck waqmifrkef;vqef;13&uf 3aeU(6 October 1668) trdefUawmf/ (rdsK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

159

24 December 1669

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ vufbufyGJjywfinkdaqGom;wdkUu vufbuf abmufonfMuD; wefwm;OD;aoewfyef;& aoewfijzdK;wdkUyGJaqmuf csdefcGif&mpkqGJ yGJjywfuJUodkU? a&mif;0,frnfavmqkdaMumif;udk &Sdckd;oHawmf OD;wifonf? a&TjynfawmfwGif awmifjyifqif&abmufonfMuD; wdkUonfyGJESifh csdefcGif&mplqGJ yGJjywfuJhodkSUa&mif;0,frnfavmqdkaMumif;udk &Sdckd;oHawmfOD; wifonf? a&TjynfawmfwGifawmifjyifqif& abmufonfMuD;wdkUonf yGJESifh csdefcGif&mplqGJ tav;awmif;ESifhbMuD;awmfbk&m;vufxufawmf? crnf; awmfbk&m; vufxufawmfwGif a&mif;0,faMumif;udkqdkMuavonf? tdE vnf;crnf;awmfbk&m;vufxufawmfu odjrifrSwfom;rdonfhtwdkif; a&mif;0,f&aMumif;udkqdkavonf? iaqGom;i,findKi,fwdkUom;vnf; vufbufyGJjywfrjywf? tdEvnf;vufbufyGJ4if;jzpfonf? onfvufbufyGJ jywftdEuyifqdkjyD;onfudkyGJqdkifaqmuf &mplqGJ ra&mif;om[l qdkrnf avm? yGJMuD;qdkif;MuD;ESifh csdefcGif&mplqGJ abmufonfMuD; ukefonfMuD; a&mif;0,fabmufum;rsm;jcif;onf jynfMuD;toa& jynfMuD;wefqm r[kwfavm? yGJqdkifESifh&mplqGJ a&mif;Muyap? ukefonfwGif abmufonf MuD;0,faomftcg jywf&kd;twdkif;udkvnf; yGJjywfwdkUjywf&rnf? yGJcudkvnf; pm;&kd;twdkif;pm;&rnf? yef;pkwdkUvnf;tdEqdkonfhtwdkif; 50dxkd;ap? vTeful; rwdk;r,lom? wMudrfjywf 0,favjyD;onf vufbufudkvnf; abmufonfwdkU tavQmufa&mif;0,fMuvdrfhrnf txyfxyf jywfjyef& aumif;\rqdkom/ ou&mZf1031ckjymodkvqef;13&uf5aeU(24 December 1669) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

160

27 June

1670

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ udk,f&Hawmfa&TvSHawmif vif;Zif;ewf&Sif&Srf;ydkufawmf jAol&Jewfpuf&efatmif &Jpuf&Jabmf? rif;w&m;avmif; rdwa&mfrif; pifwif rcJwif'kdif;vufa&G;oa&rppf? ywif;awmacgif;i,fom;wdkU tpkom; ESifhjrifpkdif;rif;orD;tcsif;rsm;Mu 0ef&SifwGifedk;Mu&m 0ef&SifpD&ifonfudk udk,f&Hawmf17tpdkUom;wdkUpdwfrajy &Sdckd;wifqufaomaMumifh ppfaMum udk,f&Hawmf&pdkUom;wkdUwufonfudk oHawmfOD;wifpmESifh 0ef&SifwGif qdkMuonftu&mqifajc? 0ef&SifpD&ifaMumif; ppfaMumar;jref; aMumif;rsm; udk &Sdckd;oHawmfOD;wifonfrSm udk,f&Hawmfa&TvSHawmf66ewf&Srf; ydkufawmf om;wdkUESifh acgif;i,fom;wdkU17pdkUom; oHawmfOD;wifpmquf&mrSm tpkdUcs orD;ESifhoifh tpdkUcsajrwGifaevQif tpdkUcsvnf;aumif;rnf avawmhonf? cGJpD&ifomawmhrnfavg? Munf;wdwdaevSmool uyg;udkvnf; aus;pm; jrdKpm;rawmif;avaomfum; vGwfomcsdrfhrnfavg/ ou&mZf1032ck 0gqdkvjynfhausmf6&uf2aeU (27 June 1670) awmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; &kH;awmfwGif2buftnDwk&ifypnf;wk&if ykn&mZ acwwdkUjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ tdrfa&SUrif;trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh98-171-7ay)

161

13 August

1671

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; awmifom;wHcg;om; vufraxmifom; wdkUodkU ygap? 0if;awmfom;0dkif;awmfom; tajrmiform; ol&Jwyfom; vrkdif; qifxdef; qifuHauR; ,&nfqifusKH;om; oli,fawmfjrif;awmfudkif a&SUawmfajy; pajrmifwk&if a0gawmfom; usdKif;awmfpGJ O,nfom;ynmonf? xkdufom;vufr,GefUonftpkrsm;ESifh axmifom;wHcg;om; vufraxmif om;wkdUESifhoifh jrifonfom;orD;wdkUudk a,musmF;yg rdef;rygjzpfap? axmifom;wHcg;om; vufraxmifom;rsm; wdkUwGif crnf;awmf b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; bk&m;vufxuf ,refb0&Sif vufxufawmfwGif pD&ifjyD;avonfudk axmifom;wHcg;om; vufraxmif om;ygap[l rxkwf,lapESifh? pD&ifavjyD;onftwkdif;wnfap? trdefUawmf &SdonfrSp axmifom;axmifor? wHcg;om;wHcgor? vufr axmifom;vufraxmif orwdkUESifhjrifonf? aoewfvkifausmif;rSDb@m t&GufoluRefwkdUESifhoifh jrifonfhom;orD;wkdUudk axmifom;wHcg; om;vufr axmifom;wdkUodkU csnfygap? axmifom;wHcg;om;vufraxmif om;olwGif aMu;aygifaeUnOfh trIxrf; i,fom;wdkUudkvkyfaqmif&SmazG udk,faeaMu;udkqyfap? onf trdefUawmf&SdonfrSp ra&mif;raygifapESifh? a&mif;aygifjzpfvQif aMu;qkH;ap/ ou&mZf1033ck0gacgifvjynfhausmf4&uf2aeU(13 August 1671) y&dwfemqufaqmifawmfodkY xGufawmfrl&mwGif trdefUawmf/ ab;awmfbk&m; trdefUawmf (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

162

16 February

1673

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? rif;&Jausmfxifr,fawmfonf bkd;awmfbk&m; orD;awmf &if; bMuD;awmfbk&m;crnf;awmfbk&m;ESrawmfjzpfvQif? omuD0if rif;om; wdkUonf ruGJrjym;ap&? rsdKcsif;&Sufap&ouJhodkU ighESrawmfrdbk&m; acgifMuD; twkvr[moD&dr[meEa'0DESifh pkHbufawmfrl a&Teef;udkESif;tyf awmfrl onf? a&Teef;udkwufawmfrl igt&kduft&mudkpdk;tkyfpD&if/ ou&mZf1034ck waygif;vqef;12&ufaeU() em;cHpajrmifrI;xkwf vTwfxGifjyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ rif;&Jausmifxif4if;aeU (ou&mZf1034 waygif;vqef;12&uf) a&Teef;wufawmfrlonf/oD&dy0&t*"r&mZmr[m"dywdwHqdyfawmf cHonf/ (rsdK;Munfh98-171-7ay)

163

7 July

1673

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? a<u;jrDwifonf [lom;wdkUudka&mif; ay;urf;onf onfodkUrjyKapESifh? a&SUt&kkd;tpnftwdkif; a,musFm;udkvnf; a&Smifav;vkH; xkH;ap? rdef;rudkvnf; qHxkH;av;jrTmxkH;ap armif;aMu;eif;ESifh cwfap jrdKUukdvnfvSnfhjyD;wifonf[l ukvm;xdyf? w&kwfxdyfcwf rawmif; apESifh? cyfjrJopfxdyfom cyf&rnf/ ou&mZf1035ck 0gacgifvqef;5&uf3aeU(7 July 1673) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

164

26 March

1674

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ou&mZf1036ck e,kHvqef;7&ufaeU(30 April 1674) r,fawmf rdbk&m; r[m&wem"dywda'0D aqmufrnfhausmif;awmfudk bkHav;xyf aqmif;wef; 5qlrkwfrSefuif;vSLawmfrlonf rm&bifOuif&Guf &Sif vTwfpD&ifap/ ou&mZf(1135)ck uqkefvqef;2&ufaeU (26 March 1674) emcHajymhMuD;rI; xkwfvTwfwGifjyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh98-171-7ay)

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5 May 1674

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;bk&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ aZ,&Erdwfr,m; ausmif;ukdrkwfxnfh qifuwfxnfh aqmufygrnf 0efwdkUudktpD&ifcH&mrSm? bkd;awmfbk&m;bvufxufawmf uyif rkwfxnfhraqmuf&? bMuD;awmfbk&m;vufxufawmfrSom aqmufMu&onf? rif;om;rif;ajr; rI;rwfMuD;om xnfh&rnfht&mjzpfonf? rkwfrxnfhapeSifh? aZw0efqifuyfvnf aqmufap/ ou&mZf1036ck e,kefvqef;12&uf4aeU(5 May 1674) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh98-171-7ay)

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4 March

1674

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bkS&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ abm*olaX;i,fausmif;rSm trdefUawmfudkvGef qifuyf wcef; vTwfaqmufonf? tvSLrSjzpfaomaMumifh oif;toufudk vGwf awmfrlonf? tjcm;trIjzpfvQif aoaumif;vSavjyD/ oif;udk emvSatmif uGyf? ,ckausmif;ae yk*dKvfonfodv0ef*kP0eftvSLaumif;rI jzpfaom aMumifh aqmufrdonf t&mudk rjzufapESifh? ,ck&Sdonftwdkif; aqmif&avawmhrnf? aemifonfuJhodkU raqmufapESifh? bMuD;awmf bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonftwdkif; ae&m 5oG,faewdkUom qifuyfvnfaqmuf &onf/ ou&mZf 1036ck waygif;vjynfhausmf4&uf 1aeU (4 March 1675) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

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12 December 1675

ou&mZf 1037ckjymodkvqef;7&ufaeU (12 December 1675) jAJwdkuf awmfodkU xGufawmfrl&mwGif bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom t&Sif b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ w0efESifhw0ef wpdkUESifh wpdkU oifhoolwdkUwGif vifao r,m; om;orD;? r,m;ao vifom;orD; tarGcHaomf? wdkUtpkESifh qdkifonf[l rqdkraumif;ESifh? w&m;jzpfrS aumuf &rnf trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

168

19 May 1678

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ,ckaqmif;Muonfh carmufwifudk oap;teD[if; oywm;okwfonf/ rif;om;rif;ajr;ESifh awmfaewdkUudkomaqmif;ap? ae&m av;oG,fESifh rSL;ysdKrwfysdKwdkUudk teDoap;okwf raqmif;apESifh? csdwfudk tpdef;teDt0gteuf cs,fvS,fom aqmif;ap? csdwfeDoif acsmwdkuf raqmif;apESifh? jrif;cif;? qifcif;xGufvQif a&Tcsnfyg0wfvHkrnf o&duwDygeDwkvGwfonfrsm;udk rif;om;rif;ajr;ESifh awmfaeudkom0wfap? ae&mav;oG,f aerlum; rSdKif;vHk;ajymuf teDt0gudkom0wfap? obifawmf wufudkrlum; ae&mudkvdkuf a&S;0wfjrJaomtwdkif;om 0wf&rnf? xm;tdrfa&ToHywfxnfhonfrsm;vnf; rif;om;rif;ajr;wdkU t&momjzpfonf rSL;awmfrwfawmfwdkU rxnfhapESifh/ ou&mZf 1040jynfh e,kefvqef; 10&ufaeU (19 May 1678) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

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19 May 1678

qif;&Jom; r0wfaumif; ookom;ajr;wdkUudk a&Tajccsif; a&Tem;awmif; acgif;yG? a&Tayem;awmif;? qifpG,fvufonf; apmif;xdk;em;awmif;? onfrsm;udk r0wfapESifh? rif;om;rif;ajr; om;rwfom; wdkUudkom0wfap? rdef;r0wf qifpG,fvufonf; apmif;xdk;em;awmif;wdkUudkvnf; rSL;orD; rwforD;wdkUom0wfap? onfjyifr0wfapESifh? axmifom;wHcg;om;wdkUudk vnf; t&yftwGufwGifomaeap? axmifom;ajrwHcg;om;ajrwGifvnf; wyg;wjcm;umif raeapESifh/ ou&mZf1040jynfh e,kefvqef; 10&ufaeU (19 May 1678) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

170

26 July

1678

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&TjynfawmfyGJwnf a&S;rlum; wa,mufwnf;om jzwfpm;onf/ ,ckrlum;t&SifrdbaovQif om;orD;wdkUonf tarGOpm uJhodkUcGJ q,f&ufpDjzwfpm;aomaMumifh tcsif;t&mrsm;Mu w&m; wabmifESifhom &SdMuonf/ a&mif;0,f&mrSmvnf; olUtvSnfhightvSnfh tnif;tcHk &SdMu&mwGif a&mif;oolvnf; ra&mif;om? 0,foolvnf; r0,foljzpfaomaMumifh a,musfm;dk;udk a,musfm;vdkuf? rdef;rdk;udk rdef;rvdkuf? qdkifooleD;oolwdkUudk wa,mufwnf;om jywfap? jywf &onf qHqm;ig;yd pm;&onfrsm;udkvnf; a&S;tpnf &SnfpGmu tpkudk pm;avjyD;onf jzpfaomaMumifh qdkifoifhjrwfoolvufa0udkom cH tpkudk pm;&rnf? pD&ifaMumif;udk &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD; wif&mrSmonf pD&ifcsufonf oifhavjyD? bdk;awmfbk&m; trdefUawmfvnf; olMuD;jynfpdk;yGJwnfcHkwdkifOD; wHwdkif;ajrwdkif tdk;tpnft&mudk tdk;jzpfdk; &Sd&rnfr[kwf? trdefUawmf &Sdonfhtwdkif; a,musfm;dk;jzpfvQifvnf; qDqdkifeD;oolwa,mufom jywfap? rdef;rdk;jzpfvQifvnf; tavQmufqDqdkifeD;ool wa,mufom jywfap? tarGOpmuJhodkU cGJa0pkq om;csif;&Sdwdkif; cGJa0jywfpm;&rnf r[kwf? rjywfpm;apESifh/ ou&mZf 1040jynfh 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 4&uf0aeU (26 July 1678) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

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rif;om;rif;ajr;rSL;MuD; rwfMuD; rSL;ysdKrwfysdK oif;rSL;aMu;pm;wdkU jcHapmifh&HumMu&onf/ jcHwdkif;udkxGif aygufvQdK uyfpdwfcRefum&H Mu&onf t&mrSmvnf; a&S;bk&m;vufxufawmfuenf; jrif;jcHudkydwHk ydwf umonf tdrfvnf;umap? jrif;jcHudkvlum; um&\/ ydwHkydwf rum&onf tdrfudkvnf; ydwfonfwum; &Gufay:uMuufaygufuJhodkU rwnfhrpyfapESifh? ae&m 40awmf 50awmf rif;aqmifawmfwdkUudk omjcHwdkif udk &ufaygufvQdKuyfwdkifvnf &ufap? onfjyifeD; acgufaerm&bifrSL; wdkUrSp oif;rSL;aMu;pm;wdkUudk jcHwdkUodkU jcHwdkifudk &ufaygufvQdK uyfwdkif xnfh r&ufapESifh? uyfpdwf&ufjyD;vQif t&if;tzsm;udknyfom umap? rsufuG,fom um&rnfolwdkUudkvnf; rsufuG,fomumap/ ou&mZf 1040jynfh 0gacgifvjynfhausmf4&ufaeU (26 July 1678) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

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4 January

1679

bkef;awmft&SifMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rif;rem; wHcg;awmfuonf wk&ifoD[bk&m;a&muf? bk&m;uonf taemufodkU Owrlausmif;a&muf? onfuonf ajrmufodkU bHkpH00wdausmif;a&muf? wdkif;xGmavonf/ MudK;wmwGifMudK;wm vufjzifh twmoHk;q,fuonf twGif;jyifudk ausmif;aumif;uefaumif; a&Tausmif; raqmufapESifh? aersdK;ausmfxifonfawmfOD; aeavjyD;onf trdwfMuD;jzpf onf/ ausmif;OD;0ifoESifh tkyfavSum;oHk;qlvkyfyap/ ou&mZf 1040jynfh wydkwGJvqef; 4&uf4aeU (4 January 1679) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

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26 February

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bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ wy,if;aus;xHk armif;tonfESifh uRHarmif;pm; tarGtaumuftcGJaMumif; tcsif;rsm;Mu vTwfawmfrSm tpD&ifcHMu&m 1035ck (1673) wGif Asm'dwfawmfxGufonf/ rif;uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUwGif om 0eftrSL;acgif;tMuD; raumufrpm;apESifh&Sdonf? jrdKUae&Gmae tonfumv wdkUrSm Asm'dyfawmfwrf;r&Sd tavmftv,fqdkMuaMumif;udk em;awmfMum; awmfrlonf/ vusfmysHcsD 0efjynfvHk;ausmfom;ao r,m;tarGcHonfudk 0eftrSL;acgif;tMuD;wdkU aumufpm;vdkonf xdkUaMumifhudka&Tem;awmf Mum;awmfrl vifaor,m; tarGcHonf/ r,m;ao viftarGcHonf/ rdbao om;orD;wdkU tarGcHonfudk w&m;wabmif rjzpfMubJudk aumufcGJomrnfavm tarGcHwdkU tcsif;rsm;Mu pD&if&onf jzpfrSom aumufpm;ap[l Asm'dyfawmf 1035ck(1673)uyif&Sdonf? odkU&Sdonf Asm'dyfawmfudk r,dkr,Gif;&atmif rSwfom; ra&;yJ jynfvHk;ausmfom; trIwGifom tcsif;rsm; a&Tem;awmfMum;awmfrl Asm'dyfawmf&SdaMumif; rif;uRefawmfrsdK;wGif a&G;om;tr taxGaxGqdk rdefUMuonf/ rif;uRefawmf rsdK;vnf; uReftonftvmwdkUonf iuRefawmfrsdK;csnf;jzpfonf/ rif;uRefawmfrsdK;wGif tcsif;rsm;a&Tem;awmfMum;awmfrlvQif trdefUawmf &Sdonf[kjzpfonf/ pum;&Snfpum;enf; [lorQonf rw&m;onftrI[l Asm'dyfawmf&Sdajconf/ trdefUawmfodkU pifonftrI[lom pD&if&rnf? tonfwGifrsm; Asm'dyfawmf&Sdonfjzpfvnf; rif;uRefawmfrsdK;rSm pum;&Snf pum;enf;[lorQudk Asm'dyfawmfodkU t0ifjzpfaumif;onf[l pD&if&rnfudk raxmufrcsifh taxGaxGqdkrdefUMuonf/ rif;uReftonfvm jrdKUae&maewdkU wGif vifao r,m;tarGcHonf? r,m;ao viftarGcHonf/ rdbao om;ajr;tarGcHxdkufoolwdkUonf w&m;wabmif rjzpftcsif; rrsm;pHav onfudk 0eftrSL; acgif;tMuD; pma&;jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkU raumufrcGJapESifh w&m;wabmifjzpf pD&ifa0pk&rS aumufcHap/ ou&mZf 1040jynfh waygif;vjynfhausmf13&uf3aeU (26 February 1679) trdefUawmf

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udkvTwfawmfwGifjyefonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

175

10 April

1679

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ axmifom;? wHcg;om;? axmifcsif;? vrdkif;wdkufom;? Muom;? usDom;? O,nfom;? vufr&GHU? vufraxmif? obifonf? a'gifa&G;? oufu,f&dwf? ,rf;csuf? jyowfawmfapmifh? jAJwdkufawmfapmifh? ajreef;awmfapmifh? qifaq;orm;? qifydkufjyif? qifrSmESifhpyfo jrif;aq; orm;? jrif;ydkufjrif;rSmESifh pyfoa&GU taemuf0efpD&ifeuf trSL;tMuD;pk oaygufawmf rSL;aoG;aomuf? jrif;onfom;vkif? &Srf;oli,folaumif;pk? usdKifonfygvlaumif;tpk? aA'ifpmjyefonfudk;pkjyif taemufrSmESifh pyfoa&GUawmif wHcg;up tpkMurf;[lorQudk &SifyOif;jzpfavjyD;onfudk rlum; rqdkomjyD? onftpkMurf;om; rdef;rESifh 0if;awmf 4rsufESmom;rSp rSL;awmfrwfawmf uRefawmfrsdK;oluRefausmif;rSDwdkUESifh jrifonfom;orD; wdkUudk trdyg tbyg rqdkapESifh? onftpdkUwdkUomygap? onftpkom; trSKxrf; a,musfm;wdkUESifh wcsm;tpkrdef;rwdkUESifh oifhjrifonfh om;orD; wdkUudkrlum; rdef;rvdkuf rdef;ryg a,musfm;vdkuf a,musfm;yg jzpf&vdrfhrnf/ onftpdkUMucsif;oifh jrifonfhom;orD;wdkUudkrlum;rdef;rvdkufrdef;ryg a,musfm;vdkuf a,musfm;yg pm&if;oGif;? onfpkom;wdkUonf rukefrwwf Edkif aMu;uRefjzpfESifh av&mwGif tcsm;tpkESifhaomfvnf;jzpfap? aus;&Sif uRefonf tpkom;jcif;wdkUESifh aomfvnf;jzpfap? oifhMu jrifonfh om;orD;wdkUudk rdbaqGrsdK;wdkUxuf ukefEdkif ay;a&G;vQif vufxufyGm; [l rqdkapESifh? wefbdk;a&G;ap? onftomuRefoolwdkUESifh aus;&SifuRefdk; ESifhaomfvnf;jzpfap? tpktief;r&SdonfuRefESifhaomfvnf;jzpfap? oifh arG;jrifonfh om;orD;wdkUudkum; trdefUawmf&Sdonfh tpdkUom; a,musfm; uRefjzpfvQif om;a,musfm;wdkU wefbdk;a&G;ap? om;rdef;rudk ra&G;apESifh? rdef;ronf trdefUawmf&Sdonf tpkom;uRefjzpfvnf; om;a,musfm;udk wefbdk;a&G;ap? om;rdef;rudk ra&G;apESifh? onftpkom;wdkUonf auR;jrDr&SdbJ rSD olaus;oluRefjzpfonf[l rjzpfapESifh? ppfaMumxkwf? auR;jrDyif &Sdaomfvnf; udk,faewefqHk; wefonfjzpfrSudk qHk;&rnf? axmif

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om;? wHcg;om;? taemufom;? oli,fawmf? xrf;pifESifh pyfo jrif;ESifh pyfo? vufr&GUH? vufraxmifom;? &Spfpkom;? a,musfm;om a,musfm; trIxrf;udk a<u;jrD&Sdonf[l aus;uRefjzpf r&SdapESifh? ppfaMumxkwf? aMu;jrD&Sd uRefjzpfonfrSefvQifonfaMu;udk 0efpma&;wdkUu pD&ifvkyf aqmifapqyf? rdef;rudkrlum; a<u;jrD&SdonfrSef uRefjzpfwefvQif jzpf&vdrfhrnf/ awmfrSmaomfrlum; rdef;raomfrlum;yif jzpfaomfvnf; aus;uRefrjzpfapESifh? ppfaMumxkwf? aMu;udkvkyfaqmifqyfap? topf a&mif;0,fvQif aMu;qHk&vdrfhrnf 'dkif;awmfom? 0if;awmfom;? wyfawmf om;? ol&J? aumif;[ef? tajrmuform;? a0gawmfom;? usdKif;awmfpGJ? a&SUawmfajy;? kH;awmfpajrmifwk&ifajymhom;? ae&mcs? ynmonf? rsufyg;onf trdefUawmf&Sdonf trIxrf; t&nfwl tpkom; rdef;rwdkUESifh txufu trdefUawmf&Sdonf tpkMurf;rsm;udk jrifonf aoewfup aoG;aomufpkrSL;awmfrwfawmf uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUESifh oifh jrifonfhom;orD; wdkUudk a,musfm;vdkuf a,musfm;yg rdef;rvdkuf rdef;rygjzpfap? uRefawmfrsdK; rdef;rESifholaus;oluRefwdkUESifhoifh jrifonfhom;orF;wdkUudk bdk;awmf b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; vufxufawmfu rdef;rtvGwfol a,musfm;oluRef oifhMu om;orD;jrifvQif cGJa0onf tvGwfolwdkUw&m;udk rEk&mZmwdkU pD&ifxHk;pD&ifenf;twdkif; rdef;rtvGwfol a,musfm;uRefoifh om; a,musfm;om; rdef;rarG;jrifonfjzpfap? a,musfm;csnf;om rdef;rcsnf;om arG;jrifonfjzpfap? oHk;pkpk ESpfpkudkrdef;rtvGwfol&yap/ wpkudk a,musfm;&Sif&yap/ rdef;ruRef tvGwfa,musfm;ESifhoifh jrifonfhom;orD; udk a,musfm;vdkufa,musfm;ygjzpfap? onftrdefUawmf &Sdonfhtwdkif; enf;Muatmif pD&if? onftpkom;wdkUonf auR;jrDr&SdyJudk ,dk;rJrSDcdk raeapESifh? xkwf? a<u;jrDyif &Sdaomfvnf; udkaewefqHk;wefonfjzpfrS udk,fqHk;&rnf? 'dkif;awmfom;? 0if;awmfom;? ol&J? aumif;[ef? tajrmufom;? a0gawmfom;? usdKif;awmfpGJ? a&SUawmfajy;? Hk;aqmf? pajrmif wk&ifajymhom;? ae&mcs? ynmonf? rsufyg;onf? trdefUawmf&Sdonf trIxrf;&nfwl onftpkwdkUonf oluRefjzpfav&mwGif tjcm;tpkESifh

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jzpfap aMu;&SifuRefonf tpkom;jcif;wdkUESifhaomfvnf;jzpfap? oifh jrifonfom;orD;wdkUudk rdbaqGrsdK;wdkUonf wwfukefEdkif a&G;aomf vufxufyGm;[l rqdkapESifh? wefbdk;a&G;ap? tpktief; rdbaqGrsdK;wdkUonf ra&G;yJ0efpma&;uoGm;olwdkUonf? ,dk;r,f ra&G;rxkwfapESifh? onftpk om;uRefjzpfonf olwdkUESifh aMu;&SifuRef&Sdaomfvnf;jzpfap? tpktief;r&Sd onf uRefESifhaomfvnf; jzpfap? oifh jrifaomom;orD;wdkUudk aomfrlum; trdefUawmf&Sdonf tpdkUom;a,musfm;uRefjzpfvQif om;a,musfm;udk wHzdk;udk a&G;ap? rdef;rudk ra&G;apESifh? rdef;ronftrdefUawmf&Sdonf tpkom;uRef jzpfvnf;om;rdef;rudkwHydk;a&G;ap? om;a,musfm;udk ra&G;apESifh? rdb om;csif; aqGrsdK;wdkUonf ay;a&G;vQif wHydk;ay;a&G;ap? onftrdefUawmf &SdonfhaeUrSp trdefUawmftwdkif; rwnf&aomf? 0efpma&;jyKoolwdkU tajc&Sdrnf rrSwfESifh? aoewf? jrif;onf? a&Tyef; yefaoG;aomufpk uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUonf rif;rSKrif;&mudkaMumuf a&SmifvGJ,dk;r,fuyfcdk rif;om;rif;ajr;rSL;awmf rwfawmfwdkUwGif rSDcdk wufouf raeapESifh? aMu;aiGyif wifaomfvnf; udk,fqHk;wefrSomaeap? udk,frqHk;wefvQif raeapESifh? ppfaMumxkwf/ ou&mZf1041ck uqHkvqef;12&uf6aeU (10 April 1679) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

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(10 April

1679)

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179

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181

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182

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183

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184

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185

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186

(31 May 1679)

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187

(31 May

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188

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189

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190

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191

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193

(31 May

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194

(31 May

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195

31 May

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196

31 May1679

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197

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198

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199

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200

31 May

1679

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201

2 June 1679

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202

2 June

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2 June

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xrf;onf/ ta&SUtwGif;odkU usdKif;awmfESpfpdkU a0gawmfoHk;pdkU xD;jzLawmf ESpfpdkU? ajreef;wmpkESpfpdkU bGm;bufawmfESpfpdkUoif; 11pdkU tpkom;wdkUudk ta&SUtwGif;urif; {u&mZftqufquf xrf;jrJtpOf&Sdonftwdkif; xrf;ap trdefUawmf&Sd xrf;&onf/ ou&mZf 1076ck (1714) rmefatmif&wembk&m; 'g,umawmfrif; w&m;vufxuf a0gawmfMuD;oHk;pdkUom;wdkUudk aemifacs;uRef;ajrEk tus,fy,f 100? vufyefawm 15J 2d udk "m;rOD;us ay;awmfrlonf/ 0csufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ausmfpHudkif;? awmifOD;pD;aomudkif;? taemufudkuRef;cHk? ajrmufudkZrKwHqdyfajrESifh tpyfwnf;/ a0gawmfMuD; &wemxrf;pifom;wdkUrSm a0g&wemxrf;&vQif ykqdk; uGufus,fem;a#mif;aygif;xkyfESifhxrf;ap? t0wfudk a&Twdkuf0efuay;ap? uHauR;udkusD0efpma&;uqefaya;p? pyg;wnfpm;wdkUu ay;ap? a0gawmf usdKif;awmf xD;jzLawmftwGif; oif;0if;awmfav;rsufESmom; 'dkif;om;avS oif;awmfom;wdkUudkvnf; qdyfwnfyGJuif;ul;wdkU ajymhtcGefacsmydkU MudK;xdk; 0g;rSp vGwfjidrf;ap trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ou&mZf 998ck (1636) &mZrkPdplVmbk&m;'g,umawmfrif;w&m; MuD;vufxufawmfwGif a0gxufa0gbvm tpkbGJUawmfrlonf/ bGJUawmf rlonfum; ou&mZf 998ck uqkefvqef;5&uf3aeU (29 March 1636) a0gbvmpk bGJUawmfrlonfrSmu xl;aygufav;pkom;uESKwf 20bGJUawmf rlonf/ 4if;wGif iomausmfwdkU aoGmufMuD;cHawmfrl a0gawmfMuD; &wemom;wdkUESifh w0wnf;csxm;awmfrlonf/ pm;ajrvnf; ay;awmf rlonf/ aeajrvnf; a0gawmfMuD;om;wdkUESifhwcsufwnf; &Sm;a&mif&GmrSm csawmfrlonf/ ajrvnf; &Sm;a&mifajr 50ay;awmfrlonf/ awmifbuf ZD;awm&Gm iarGwdkifeufum; 15J ay;awmfrlonf/ aeajrudk ipifdkif;om;wdkU wdkif;wmcsay;&onf/ ajrvm;um; ta&SUanmifyif? awmiforHk;yifr? taemufaxmuf&Sm;yifMuD;? ajrmuf

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ou&mZf 905 wydkwGJvqef;10&uf5aeU (3 January 1544) awmifiljynf u ygonfh [Hom0wDarSmfuGef; ray:rxGef;cifyJcl;jrdKU atmifajromxGef; eef;awmfwGif awmifiljrdKUyg? Zif;r,fjrdKUyg? xm;0,fjrdKUyg? rkwrjrdKUyg? oa&acw&m jrdKUyg? w&d,*FjrdKUyg txufxD;aqmif;apmfbGm;wdkUu ygonfh om;ajr;wdkUudk wpkvQif 50? 100? 150pk opmrazgufrjyef rSef trSKawmfudk dk;dk;rwfrwf xrf;&Gufonfh vlwdkUudk a&G;aomf ajreef;awmfwGif vuf0J 50? vusfm 50cefUawmfrlonf? tdyfvSnfhtdyfzef pm&if;? qDrD;xGef;rSL;? wif;wdrf&HrSL;? 0if;awmfav;&yfrsm;u ppfaMumvQif awmifilygolaumif;pk? a&G;vkvifijrwf oaEESifh vuf0Jawmf 50? 4if;ipHatmifESifh vusfmawmf 50 pm&if;ESifh ay; trSKawmfudk xrf;&Gufap onf/ xGufawmfrlvQif a0gawmfa&SUvuf0Jvusfm0wfaumif; em;a#mif; ESifh ,yfdk;eDpGJudkif vdkuf&onf/ ou&mZf 988ck (1626) oD&dok"rm&mZmr[m"dywdrif;w&m;MuD; onf r[m"r&mZf&mZmrif;vufxufawmf rdk;a&TjrdKUu odrf;,lawmfrlcJhonfh rGefo0efESifh acgif;av;pMuD;? 4if; 100wdkUudk taemuf0if;awmf tdyfudk,f&H bGJUawmfrlonf/ vkyfajraeajrpm;ajrrSm ou&mZf 999ck ausmufajrmif;em; wGif ppf&ifawmifajruwufwl&ef atmifwufacgif'dkif;rSL; a&tdk;pm;wdkU wdkif;wmrSwfom;csay;onf? ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifudkvm;aomf ausmuf iEGm;acsmif;? taemufudkvm;aomf uHacsmif;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ajrdk;ukef; wef;? ausmufjzLoHk;wdkif? 4if;uvm;aomf &Gmwyif aowyif &SiftJ atmifwif? 4if;uudkvm;aomf vSyacsmif;wef; wyif0 jrpfv,faMumxd? yaAG'dkif;pkom;wdkUudk oem;awmfrlonf/ ou&mZf 999ckwGif (1637) omvGefrif;w&m;vufxuf rdk;MudK;"m; &Spfpif;tyfawmfrl xGufawmfrlvQif a&SUvdkufjrJwGif rdk;MudK;"m;pGJ vdkuf& onf/ yJul;ajrom eef;awmfwGif rif;w&m;a&TxD;bGJUawmfrlonf/ ajr

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apmif;jrif;? oif;MuD;jrif;? anmif&rf;jrif;? ausmufaqmufjrif; 44? vrLjrif; 40? oifawmif;jrif; 30? &uuefawmfjrif; 30? tdk;acgifav;? jrdKUawmif av;? awmifilav;? yif;omav;? tifwdkif;oma&Tav;? yif;y,a&Tav;? a&T um 300? a&TvTm; 300 bGJUa&TwdkufawmfoGif;\/ ou&mZf (706 ck) nDawmfig;pD;&Sif(wul;vqef;15&uf2aeU) (29 March 1344) a&Teef;wuf&mwGif wydkwGJvqef;10&uf5aeU (13 January 1345) bGJUawmfrlonf/ yifv,fjrif;csawmfrlonf? tpkum; armjynfrdkif; 9rdkif; usdKif; 9usdKif; "g;9pif; Aef;armf rdk;aumif; odEdusdKif;wHkusdKif;onf oDayg paom tnm&Srf;jynfwvTm;wdkUaeaom jrdKUwGif a[mf,Gif; qufaqmufap csdKwwfaponf/ rdk;aumif;odEDusdKif;wHkusdKif;onf 4if;jrdKUrSm apmuf 2F 1d av; axmifh&mZyvifxD;jzL? xD;0g? usdKif;a&Tcsuf 4? a0gMuD;pnfeD&? aiGc&m? aiGESJ? yHkom? pnfyvwf? vif;uGif;? pGJ"g; ywjrm;pD aqmif"g;uwDygeuftdrfoGwf? uGrf;cGuf&Spfaxmifh ywjrm;pD? vbuftdk;? axG;tif? waumif;ydwf? taqmifeD? atmifpufu0wfoem;awmfrlonf/ qifayguf? qifr? avSmfum;a&TpufuGif;jynfh? cifw,if trGrf;ajymufxk oem;awmfrlonf/ a&Tb0g;awmfatmuf wESpfvQif 0g0if0guRwf a&TzsifaiGzsif a&Tzvm; aiGzvm; a&Tyef;cdkif aiGyef;cdkif toHk;awmfjrif; zJZmy,if; uefawmhvufaqmifawmf qufvSm&onf/ vufaqmifawmfwHkU onf? qkawmfay;onf? xdkrSwyg; apmfbGm;wdkUrSm usdKif;a&Tcsuf 2? xD;0g 4? taqmift&GuftpHk? avSmfum; awmifa&Tqif;arQmh 0rf; a&TyGifh tweft&m avSmfum; cdkeef;axmifh 4csuf? cifw,ifteD 2pk a&Twpk oem;awmfrlonf/ jrdKUpm;wyfaygif;pm;wdkUudkvnf; txdkuftavsmuf oem;awmfrlonf/ ou&mZf 677ckwaygif;vqef;6&uf5aeU (29 January 1316) nnfhtvdeuwf rGef;wnfhwGif ppfyifudkif;&mrif;0efawmifajc&if; 0,fwnfaxmifaom a&Teef;jrdKUrnf aZ,syl&armfuGef;wdkifpdkuf om;awmf tocF,m

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ou&mZf 1041ck yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf4&uf2aeU (17 June 1679) jAJwdkufawmfodkU xGufawmfrl&mwGif v,f,mausmfolausmif;aqmufonf tkwfavSum;tkwfwHwdkif; vkyfygrnfqdkaMumif;udk &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifaomf aqmufvkyfap? bkef;awmfMuD;vSaom bk&m;trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

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bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ 0if;awmf 4rsufESmrSp ukeftrsdK;tpkwdkif;[lorQonf? rif;rIrif;&mudk a&SmifvGJaomfvnf;aumif;? ,refumvwGif vGifhyg;aomf vnf;aumif;? wcsm;jrdKU&GmrSm&Sdonfudk jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkUonf odrf;xm; apygaomf olMuD;jynfpdk;onf odrf;xm;avaomaMumifhwdkUudkvnf; jidrf;csrf;vdk wyg;rSm rSDcdkaeonfudk uRefawmfrsdK;tpkwdkUwGif acgif;tMuD; jyKoolwdkUod igwdkUtpkom;igwdkUt0ifonfolrSm r&Sdom[l 0efwdkUup 0efpk'dkif;onfvJqdkvQif w&m;uJhodkUaMu;aiG awmif;,rf; rpm;apESifh? &mZ0wfppfppf [kwfrSefvQif t[kwfpD&if&rnf/ ou&mZf 1041ck 'kwd,0gqdkvqef;3&uf2aeU (30 June 1679) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

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29 July 1679

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb07Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ tdrfa&SUtdrfawmf&mwGif tb,uawmfonf aqmifoD; awmf&mwGifom uRefawmfrtdrfaqmufygrnf[l bk&m;r,fawmfbk&m;udk oHawmfOD;wif aqmufawmhtrdefUawmf&Sdonf/ aqmifoD;&mwGif raqmuf? tdrfawmf&mwdkifatmifyif aqmufonf/ jynfMuD;oaygufrSL;rSmvnf; qifuyfawmf&mwGifom aqmufygrnf oHawmfOD;wif aqmufawmhtrdefU &Sdonf? qifuyfawmf&mwGifomraqmuf? qif0ifawmf&maea&mifuma&muf atmifyifaqmufonf? oHawmfOD;wifonf t&mudkvGef aqmufonf jzpfaomaMumifh jzwfjypfaumif;avjyD? odkU&mwGifrlum; ysufpD;vdrfhrnf jzpfaomaMumifh jznf;jznf;omom zsuf,lap? wef;rsm;rSmvnf;&SdjrJwdkif; vloGm;omatmif &Sdap? 0if;awmfwGif;odkUvnf; wyg;wcsm;udkvnf; r0ifapESifh? aejrJaeygrnfvJqdkvQif aemufawmfygaoewfvkifudkomcs aeap? aevQifvnf;tdrfawmf&modkU tdrfOD;jyK aqmufap? vrf;yef;udkvnf; oifhwifhoGm;vmomatmif jrdKU0efMuyfrqdk? tdrfawmf&mta&SUvnf; xef;yifa&mufawmif0if;awmfem; a&muf taemufvnf; atmifEdkifi,f tdrfa&SUq,fawmifcsm;avmufajrmufvnf; rm&bifawmfwHcg;awmifem; a&mufonftwGif;udk tdrf&mraqmufapESifh/ ou&mZf 1041ck0gacgifvqef;2&ufaeU (29 July 1679) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

223

2 August

1679

pm&if;,l&mrSm uRefjzpfonf[lqdkvQif uRefpm&if;om wifrnfr[kwf? aMu;rnfrQESifh uRefjzpfonf[lppf? uRefjzpfwefrS jzpf&rnf? ,dk;rJrSDcdk aevQifvnf; tpkodkUoGif; trSKawmfudk xrf;&rnf/ ou&mZf 1041ck0gacgifvqef;6&uf6aeU (2 August 1679) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

224

15 August

1679

ou&mZf 1041ck0gacgifvjynfhausmf4&ufaeU (15 August 1679) trdefUawmf&Sdonfudk b,fodkUaom taMumif;um; jyefonfenf;trdefUawmf &Sdonf/ trdefUawmfudk vTwfwGifaZ,soljyefonf/ ou&mZf 1041ck0gacgifvjynfhausmf4&ufaeU (15 August 1679) jynfMuD;oayguf rSL;csif;&Gmpm;udkjynfvHk;ausmfom;wdkUaeonf wef;&majrudk oem;awmfrl onfudk jrdKUvusfmawmifodkU trdefUawmfudk taemuf0ef b,&mZolu oaygufrSL;t0ef;wdkUa&SUwGifjyefvSmonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7ay)

225

15 August

1679

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ 1033ck (1671) bMuD;awmfbk&m;trdefUawmf? axmifom; axmifor? wHcg;or? vufraxmiforwdkUESifh aoewfvkif? ausmif;rSDb@m tonft&GwfolUuRefwdkUESifhoifh jrifonfhom;orD;wdkUudk tbygtrdyg[l rpD&ifom? wHcg;om;vufraxmifom;wdkUodkUygap trdefUawmf&SdaMumif;ESifh 0efwdkUudk tpD&ifcHaomf trdefUawmftwdkif;onf tpkwdkUESifh axmifom;axmifor wHcg;om;wHcg;orvufraxmifom; vufraxmiforwdkUESifhoifhvQif a,musfmrdef;rudk trdefUawmftwdkif; odrf;&avawmhonf/ 0efwdkUqdkaMumif;udk a&Tem;awmfMum;awmfrlonf? onftwdkif;jzpfvQif emyavonf jzpfaomaMumifh axmifom; wHcg;om; vufraxmifom;wdkUESifh jrifonf aoewfvkif aoG;aomufpk a&Tyef;yef? tonfb@mausmif;rSD urefrdef;rwdkUESifhoifh jrifonf om;orD;wdkUudk a,musfm;vdkuf a,musfm;yg rdef;rvdkufrdef;ryg jzpfap? axmifor wHcg;or vufraxmiforwdkUESifh jrifonf aoewfvkif aoG;aomufpk a&Tyef;yeft&Gwfonf b@mausmif;rSDol urefa,musfm;ESifhoifh jrifonfom;orD;wdkUudkrlum; trdygjzpf&rnf/ ou&mZf 1041ck 0gacgifvjynfhausmf4&ufaeU (15 August 1679) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

226

26 August

1679

'*HkqHawmf&SifrSm aMu;udk tkyfvkyfonfudk jrdKU0efuw,'&mrSm tvSLaumif;rSKt&mjzpfonf? rwm;apESifh vkyfyap/ ou&mZf 1041ck awmfovif;vqef;1&uf4aeU (26 August 1679) aZ,soljyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

227

3 October

1679

a&TjynfawmfwGif;wGif apmif;nif;wa,mwD;rSKwfom vlysdKvl&G,fwdkUudk oGm;ap? yavGrSKwf tcsif;qdk rqdkaumif;onfpum;udkqdkrnf roGm;apESifh? Edkifatmifppf/ ou&mZf 1041ck owif;uRwfvqef;9&uf6aeU (3 October 1679) aZ,soljyefonf trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

228

14 October

1679

trdefUawmf&Sdonf ta&SUtwGif;aqmifom; iwkwfausmfi,fudk axmifu Ekwf a&SUawmfajy;odkUydkU? yHkwD;ap/ ou&mZf 1041ckowif;uRwfvjynfhausmf5&uf3aeU (14 October 1679) aZ,soljyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

229

27 October

1679

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ou&mZf 1041ck waqmifrkef;vqef;4&uf2aeU (27 October 1679)wGif t&ifuay;avonf trdefUawmfxrf;rsm;onf rodomav? taxG;axG; ta&ma&m &Sdavonf/ 0efpma&;wdkUvufwGif r&SdapESifh? acsbd? ,cktrdefUawmfxrf;twdkif;om 0efpkwdkif;tyf&Sdap/ onftrdefUawmfxrf;onf bdk;awmfbk&m;trdefUawmf? ightrdefUawmf? {u&mZfrif;4yg; trdefUawmfyifjzpfonf/ 0efpkwdkif;ay;onfh trdefUawmf xrf;onf 1041ck (1679)trdefUawmfxrf;&if;wGif a<u;jrDyif&Sdaomfvnf; udkaewefqHk;wefonfjzpfrS udk,fqk;&rnf? onftpkom;wdkUonf oluRefjzpf&mwGif tjcm;tpkom;ESifhjzpfap aMu;&SifuRef&SifESifhjzpfap[l qdkonfudk tpkom;udkay: 'dkif;awmfom; 0if;awmfom; usdKif;awmfpGJ a&SUawmfajy; Hk;aqmfpajrmifwk&ifajymhom; ae&mcsynmonfrsufyg;onf trdefUawmf&Sdonf trIxrf;&nfwl[l oGif;onf trdefUawmfxrf;wGif ajymuf &SdavjyD;oGif;jyef ausmif;um; i&JapmESifh uRefoaygufOD;&D; jrifonfESifh tbdk;tpm;ay; xGufonf[l w&m;awGUMu jrdKU0efwGif qdkMuaomf? trdefUawmfxrf;twdkif; tbdk;ay;ap jrdKU0efpD&ifaomaMumifh oHawmfOD;wifygrnfqdkonfudk a&SUaepmrSwfrcHvdkyg[l 0efwdkUudk i&JapmuvJqdkaMumif;udk 0efwdkU&Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifonf/ 1041ck (1679) trdefUawmfxrf;wGif 'dkif;awmfom;wyfom;ol&Jaumif;[ef tajrmuform; a0gawmfom;usdKif;awmfpGJ a&SUawmfajy;Hk;aqmfpajrmif wk&ifajymhom; ae&mcsynmonf rsufyg;onf trdefUawmf&Sdonfh trSKxrf;&nfwl tpdkUom; rdef;rwdkUESihf oifhonfhom;orD;wdkUudk tpkcGJ trdefUawmf&Sdonf? uRefawmfrsdK;tpkom;wdkUonf auR;jrDr&SdyJ rSDcdk raeapESifh? auR;jrDyif &Sdaomfvnf; udk,fqHk;wefrS qHk;&rnf trdefUawmf&Sdonf? odkU&mwGif tkyf onftpkom;wdkUonf oluRefjzpfav&mwGif jrifonfh om;orD;wdkUudk oaygufrqdkapESifh? rdbaqGrsdK;om;csif;a&G;vQif wefbdk;omay;ap? trdefUawmf&Sdonfh t&monf 'dkif;awmfom; 0if;awmfom; wyfom; ol&Jaumif;[eftajrmufa0g

230

27 October

1679

awmfom;usdKif;awmfpGJ a&SUawmfajy;Hk;aqmfpajrmifwk&ifajymhom; ae&mcs ynmonf rsufyg;rSp t&nfwltrSKxrf;udkom trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ jrif;onf aoewfaoG;aomufpkwdkUudk trdefUawmf&Sdonfr[kwf? pmpD&mwGif 'dkif;0efup jrifygtrSKxrf;&nfwl[l rcGJcJhyJonf tpkom;wdkUonf oluRefjzpfav&mwGif tcsm;ESifhjzpfap? aus;&SifuRef&SifESifhjzpfap? oifhae Mu jrifonfh om;orD;wdkUudk oayguf[l rqdkapESifh? rdbaqGrsdK;wdkU a&G;xkwfvQif wHbdk;wdkUudk ay;ap[l &Sdonf/ 'dkif;awmfom; 0if;awmfom; ol&Jaumif;[ef tajrmuform;a0gawmfom;usdKif;awmfpGJ a&SUawmfajy; Hk;aqmfpajrmifwk&ifajymhom; ae&mcsynmonf rsufyg;onf trdefUawmf&Sd onf trSKxrf;&nfwlwdkUESifh txufuawmif wHcg;rSp tpkMurf;om;wdkU uRefjzpf&mwGif jrifonfhom;orD;wdkUudk rdbaqGrsdK;wdkUu wwfuHkEdkifvQif wefbdk;ay;a&G;appD&if? trdefUawmf&Sdonf? onfwGifomaZ,soljyefonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

231

(27 October

1679)

&Sifbk&ifonf trdefUawmf&SdjyD;vQuf Ekwfacsavmif;acs taxGaxGjyKonf [l uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUonf qdkvdrfhrnfjzpfaomaMumifh vusfm&Erdwf0ef vrdkif;iwl; wli,f tpD&ifcHonf/ uRefawmfrdb uRefrdbkef;awmfi,fwGif trSwfrJhjrifonfh om;ESpfa,mufESifh bkef;awmfi,fudk uRefawmfrdbr&SdvQif uRefawmfwdkUtpka0,lMuonf/ aemufbkef;awmfi,fonfhtwdkif; ,lygqdk aomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkUudk om;ajr;uJhodkU arG;ooljzpf twdkif;,lonf/ om;i,fESpfa,mufudk appm; t&SnftMum&Sdonfudk bkef;awmfi,fu vrdkif;awmifcHMuD;ESifh wcsufwnf;jzpf&mwGif jrifonfhom;[l jrif;0efeE oD[vrdkif;0efjyKonfumv qdkMuaomf bkef;awmfi,fu ipHMuD;om; qdkonfudkom om;jzpf&csdrfhrnfavm? t&Sifod&yfod&Gmodudk qdkayqdkvQif om;udkonfudkom qdkygonf? t&Sifod&yfod&Gmodudk rqdkEdkifygqdkvQif om;um; udk,fom;rjzpfomacs pD&ifvQif pdwfwlvufqufay; jyD;onf/ bkef;awmfi,fuvnf; jyD;csufpmudk ,lavonf/ tbdk;ray;aomaMumifh appm; &Sdonfudk ,ckaemuf0ifrSL;vrdkif;0efjyK&mwGifrS ipHMuD;om; jzpfonf[l bkef;awmfvJjyefavaomaMumifh tqdkifqdk0f&aomf? eEoD[ pD&if pdwfwljyD;aMumif;udk bkef;awmfi,fvufrSm pD&ifcsufpm&SdaMumif;udk vnf; r,lyg ipHMuD;om;jzpfaMumif;udk rodacs/ ipHMuD;om;qdkonfudkom odonfqdkonf pum;udk,l uRefrqdkomacs/ pD&ifbdonftpD&ifcHonf? ixdkuficdkifi,fwdkU tpD&ifcHonf/ uRefawmfwdkUbonf vrdkif;awmfom; jzpf trSKxrf;&onftaMumif;udk0efwGif;qdkifMuvQif vrdkif;awmfom; r[kwfqdkavaomaMumifh csKyfIyf jyonf oufaotu&m qifajctvHk;pHk vrdkif;0efwGif &SdyavjyD;onf? txufujzwfpm &Sdonfqdk&mrSm uRefawmf wdkUi,fonfom;trdESifh qdkavonf tpD&ifcHonf/ taemuf0if;rSL;wGif qdkMuonftcsKyf? iwkwfcdkifnDtpfudktcsKyf? uREfkyfwdkUrdbkef;awmfESifh uREkfyf wdkU ipHMuD;oabmrQ xGuf0if&mwGif uREkfyfwdkU nDtpfudkESpfa,muf arG;jrifonf/ ipHMuD;om;[kwfpdrfh? odolrdvSwifr,m; ixifiwdk;y? icsrf

232

(27 October

1679)

yHk? ipHMuD;r,m; rdxm;ixifwdkUusrf;wdkuf ar;aomf? iwkwficdkif nDtpfudk ESpfa,mufonf ipHMuD;om;[kwfaMumif;udk oday\/ odaMumif;udkrlum;? ipHMuD;ESifh bkef;awmft&Suftwif&Sd ipHMuD;r,m;MuD; rdbGm;ESifhuGmaom aMumifh odonfqdkonf? 4if;iwdkif;yudkusrf;wdkuf ar;aomf ixifESifh enf;wlqdkonf? 4if;icsrf;yHkudk usrf;wdkuf ar;aomf ixifenf;wlqdkonf? 4if;iwufudkusrf;wdkufar;aomf ixifenf;wlqdkonf? ipHMuD;r,m; rdbGm;udk usrf;wdkufar;aomf? iwkwficdkifnDtpfudkESpfa,mufonf ipHMuD; om;rSef\? om;jzpfaMumif;udk odonfrlum; uREkfyfvifjzpfpnf bkef;awmf i,fESifh t&SuftwifjzpfMuav icdkif iwkwfudk arG;jrifonf uREkfyfudkr,m;rrSwfom;rrSwf jyKusifhaomaMumifh &Sif;uGm& om;jzpfaMumif;udk od&onfqdkonfaemuf 0if;rSL;pD&ifcsuf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

233

30 October

1679

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a'0oD[u q&mawmfa&SUav;xyfbkef;awmfMuD; &Sifr[mr[dEom&udk0f ausmif;awmfaqmufvSLawmfrlonf? ausmif;Ouif oxnfhygrnf? ausmif;cg;yef;wGif cHkaygif;vHk;yef;vSxnfhvkyfygrnf? tkwfavSum; 3ql tkwfwHwdkif; vkyfygrnfqdk0faMumif;udk0f oHawmfOD; wif&mrSm a'0oD[uJhodkU rSL;rsdK0frwfrsdK0fwdk0fonf aqmuf&csdrfhrnfr[kwf? odk0f&mwGif ausmif;udk0foDwif;oHk;rnfh ocifonf pmoifawmae {upm& r[kwf? bGm;awmfbk&m; q&mawmf quf&SnfpGm {u&mZfq&mawmf wHqdyfawmf& jzpfaomaMumifh igvSLawmfrlonf vkyfap/ ou&mZf 1041ck waqmifrkef;vqef;7&uf5aeU (30 October 1679) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

234

16 January

1680

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ tMuD;awmf&mZausmfolr,m;um; ausmif;Ouifo xnfhygrnf ausmif;wGif cg;yef;udk0f ckefaygif;vHk;yef;vS ausmif;jyifqif uyfywfvnfudk0f cHkabmifvHkabmifvSxnfhygrnf? tkwfavSum; 3ql tkwfwHwdkif;vkyfygrnfqdk0faMumif;udk oHawmfOD;wifonfrSm itcsDawmfjzpf onf? O*ifoESifh ausmif;wGif cg;yef;vufwifudk0f cHkaygif;vHk;yef;vS avSum; 3ql tkwfwHwdkif;vkyfap? ausmif;jyifqif uyfywfvnfrSmrlum; rif;{u&mZfausmif;awmfom xnhfonfjyifqifuyfywfvnfcHk aygif;vHk; yef;vS rvkyfapESifh/ ou&mZf 1041ck jymodkvjynfhausmf 11&uf 6aeU (16 January 1680) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

235

16 January

1680

rif;acgifodrfp&yf rdk;MudK;jypfaomaMumifh nmPwduvkyfonfhtwdkif; vkyfap? tvsifu ightrdefUawmf&Sdonfh MudK;pmcse,ftwGif;jyifudkvnf; ausmif;uefp&yf wapmif;raqmufapESifh/ ou&mZf 1041ck jymodkvjynhfausmf 11&ufaeU (16 January 1680) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

236

1 March

1680

a&TbGm;awmfjrwfatmufanmifa&TapmfbGm;a&mufvSmpOf vTwfawmfodkU0f wuf&mwGif jrif;wif&ef; pdefcwDygpDaMumif;? a&Taycarmufaqmif; carmufudk0f aea&mifydwfoGwfaMumif;ESifh 0efwdk0fudk0f tpD&ifcHaMumif;udk0f a&Tem;awmfMum;awmfrlonf/ a&Tb0g;awmfatmufwGif rif;nDrif;om;MuD; wdk0fomcarmufaea&mifydwfoGwf aqmif;&onf? anmifa&TapmfbGm;rSm carmufudk0fydwfoGwf raqmif;apESifh/ ou&mZf 1041ck waygif;vqef;12&ufaeU (1 March 1680) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

237

16 March

1680

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf &Sdonf/ qifcsnfwdkuft0if jruefqnfa&aomuf em;a#mif;us qnfa&aomuf atmifyifv,fuefawmf a&aomufv,fy,frsdK;us&m e,foD;e,fjcm;OD;a& vkyfom;uRJ&SOf;wdkifaqmf eufajraus;&Gmonf qifcsnf wdkuf0if tHk;uGrf;t&mawmf iSufMuD;odkuft&mawmf acsmif;apmufvufyH t&mawmf owduRJEGm;bm;&Gma&aomif wrkwfqdk;MuL0ef;uRef;vS&GmaMumif rD;vufaumif; yk(vJ)oufi,fusif;rSp &Gmaygif;2(&m) olMuD;ajrwdkif awmuJtvdkawmf uRJ&SOf;vkyfom;usDawmf0ifqufoGif;orQ aus;&Gmy,f e,fOD;a& pm&if;use,fy,fudk ou&mZf 900ausmfu(1538) a&Twdkufawmf rSm qufoGif;&onf enf;wvHk;w0wnf; y,f 100ausmfteuf &wem jrpnf;cHkbk&m;0wfawmfajr 42y,f 3d opg&bk&m; 0wfawmfajr 39y,f 3d avSmfum; 3000ajrol&Jajrvrdkif; ajr0if;ajrb@mawmfajr a'gif;a&Tajreuf aerdvSajr ppfbk&ifaxmifrSL;ajr'dkif; ajrumajrtpkpk ajry,f 500 ESKwfonfjyif usefajry,f 800ausmfESifh tdrfajcOD;a&pm&if;usm;MuD; usm;i,f rMuD;ri,ftoufaeUeHvl 200ausmfudk qnfMuD;uif;om; iausmf xGef; ab; ioufyHkbdk; ia&TOD;bGm;rdawmfOD;wdkU vufxufwdkifaqmfonfh enf;uif;pm;qnfMuD;iausmfxGef;wdkifaqmf a&Twdkuftif;pm&if; y,fe,f oD;oefjcm;em;uefUuGuf tbdkUawmf tcGefawmfudk (oGif;)/ ou&mZf 1041ck waygif;vjynfhausmf12&ufpaeaeUwGif (16 March 1680) a&TvTwfawmfodkU em;cHwrefompnfwGifjyef/ (prL'DyOaqmif;? 1960? pm 75-6)

238

(16 March)

1680

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; trdefUawmf &Sdonf/ a&TcGefawmf aiGcGefawmf abmfa,mcGefydk;cGefopfoD;cGefyef;,dk tcGefawmfudk aus;Zl;opmawmfESpfyg; &Sdonfhtwdkif; rvpfr[if; r,Gif;r,dk&atmif wq,fhESpf&moDwGif txl;xl;tjym;jym; ay:onfh opfoD;yef;wdkUrSp a&TcGefawmfrsm;udk tpOfrjywfqufoGif;&rnf? rkwr tcGefawmf0ef awmifiltcGefawmf0efcefUxm;awmfrlonf/ a&Teef;dk;&Srf;jynf&Sd aiGcGefjrpfnm&Sf aiGcGef taMu;udk &Gmtnmudk;&Gm aiGcGefwl&Gif;wdkifaiGcGefawmf rsm;rSm aiGcGef0efoD;jcm; cefUxm;awmfrlonf/ a&TaiGopfap; yGufvsuf tcGefawmfrsm;rSmvnf; usD0efuESdK;aqmfpD&if qufoGif;&rnf trdefUawmf tMudrfMudrfjyef &Sdonfudk rwnf&? ul;oef;&Sufwif pD&ifMuaomaMumifh tcGefawmf quf uRefawmfrsdK;qif;&Jom; (wdkU) rjidrfr0yf&Sdonf? oifhonfavm? 0efwdkUoD;jcm;cefUxm;awmfrlonftwdkif; qufoGif;ap/ ou&mZf 1141ck (waygif;vjynfhausmf 12&ufaeUwGifjyef) (16 March 1680) (prL'DyOaqmif;? 1960? pm82)

239

18 January

1681

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ jrdK0f&GmolMuD; jynfpdk;wdkU0f pm&if;awmfbufac:cs tnDa&mufvQif 1039ck (1677)u jrdK0f&Gmtdrfaqmuf tdrfjyifqifwif;ukwf aqmuf? jrif;aqmifaqmuf? jcHjyifjcHvkyf trdefUawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif;udk0f jrdK0fwdkif;&Gmwdkif; rusefr<uif;&atmifay;? trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ay;onfh trdefUawmfum; 1039ck owif;uRwfvqef;2&uf2aeU (17 September 1677) jrdK0fpm;&Gmpm;wdkU0fonf tdrfqifwif;ukwf? jrif;aqmifapmif;&rf; rysufrpD;yJudk0f 0if;tdrfjrif;onf qifwif;ukwfvkyfrnf? jrif;aqmifjyif vkyfrnf? apmif;&ef;vkyfrnf[lom tonfum;vwdk0fudk0f aMuxGm;atmif rysuf rqD;yJudk0fyifysufpD;onfqdk aMu;aiGawmif;,rf;&vQif aMu;aiG udk pm;aomuf aeoolvnf; aeavonf/ jyifonfqdk&Hkom jyKool vnf; jyKoonf? odk0fjyKonfrsm;onf qif;&Jom;wdk0fudk0f rwwfEdkifatmif nif;bef; jyKonft&mjzpfonf/ jrdK0fjy&Gmjynfudk0frlum; pnfyifatmif rrpp rodrf;rydkufjyifqifHkomjzpfonf/ jrdK0fpm;&Gmpm; w0ufjrdK0fom; &Gmom;w0uf qdkufvkyfjyifqifap? vm;vm;raumif; jyufpD;onf rSefaomf rlum; tonfvHk;vHk; aqmufvkyfjyifqif&rnf/ jrdK0f&Gmoem;awmfrl jrdK0fwuf&Gmwufawmif;&mrSmvnf; bMuD;awmfbk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonfh twdkif; tonfudk0f wtdrf3gpD? tvmudk0ftonfw0uf? tdrfajcuym;udk0f tvmw0ufudk0fomay;&rnf? onftwdkif; jrdK0fwuf&Gmwufawmif;vQifay; ou&mZf 1042ck wydkwGJvqef;10&uf3aeU (18 January 1681) trdefUawmf? vuf,m&Erdwfujynfpdkif;olMuD;wdk0fudkay;onf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

240

5 October

1681

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ou&mZf 1042ckwydkwGJvjynfhausmf6&uf0aeU (29 January 1681)wGif trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ aoGmHpk? vlysdKawmf? jrif;awmfonf? aoewfvkvif? 'dkif;awmfom;? 0if;awmfom;? ol&J? aumif;[ef? tajrmuform;? a0gawmfom;? usdKif;awmfpGJ? a&SUawmfajy;? ajymhom;? Hk;aqmf? pajrmifwk&if? ae&mcswdkUudk rif;om;rif;ajr;rif;aqGpdk;rsdK;wGif rSDcdkwuf raeapESifh? aMu;ESifhyifpyfaomfvnf; trSKxrf;udk r&SdapESifh? xkwf? aMu;udk wESpfrydkif wESpfydkifom awmif;&rf;&rnf? vkyfaqmif qyfap trdefUawmf&Sdonf? odkUtrdefUawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; xkwfoifhonf jzpfawmhonf? taMumif;rlum; apyg&rnfudk &nf tbdk;ay; 0,fonf? tbdk;aMu;udk wESpfrydkif wESpfydkifomawmif;&rf;&rnf? vkyfaqmif qyfap? trdefUawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; aomfaMu;&SifwdkUonf &wnfrnfr[kwf? &SnfMumrnftaMumif; &Sdavonf jzpfaomaMumifh xkwfapoolwdkUudk udk,fuxkwf ay;EdkifvQifvnf; ay;ap? rwwfEdkifoolwdkUudkrlum; rSL;awmf rwfawmfup qif;&Jom;wdkUwGif udk,fae ajymif;ay;ap? rif;om;rif;ajr; rif;aqGrsdK;wdkUwGifrlum;r&SdapESifh? aemifvnf; ra&mif; r0,fapESifh? qifxdrf;jrif;xdrf; qifjrif;ESifhpyfo wdkufom;usDom; usom;whcg;O,Ofom;rdef;rpkaxmifom; vrdkifvufrawmif vufr&GHU oaygufom;onf vlwpkwdkU t&nfwlvlpkudkrlum; xkwfonfhtwdkif; xkwf tbdk;aMu;aiGudk vkyfaqmif wjznf;jznf;ay;ap? qifap? EdkifiHawmfta0;jrdKUjyrSm tapmifhtaecefUoolwdkUrSm 0,f &Sdavonfudk 0efwdkUurSmxm; xkyfonfrsm;rSm &yfpGefjynfem;rSm trSKawmfxrf;cefU aeavoolwdkUwGif xkyf,l apygoolenf;aomfvnf; t&Sif{u&mZfrif; jrwf ta&mift0gawmfyif jzpfonf jzpfaomaMumifh ta0;rSm&Sdonf tcdkufudk rxkwfr,lapESifh? &SdjrJ&Sdap? a&TjynfawmfodkUa&mufaomf wrlum; a&Tb0g;awmfatmuf&SdwdkUudk pD&ifonfhenf; ajymif;aeap? ausmif;rSDESifh uRefawmfrsdK;ESifhoifh jrifonfhom;orD;wdkUudk pD&ifvkyfMuonfhtwdkif;pD&if bk&m;uRefESifh uRefawmfrsdK;ESifh oifhMu jrifonfhom;orD;wdkUudkvnf; ou&mZf 1028ck (1666)

241

5 October

1681

pm&if;awmf0ifoudk rnfodkUrpD&ifomjyD? pm&if;twdkif; wnfap? ou&mZf 1028ck(1666)up jrifonf om;orD;wdkUudkrlum; bk&m;odkUomygap? 1027ck (1665) pm&if;awmfoGif;aomfvnf; trdefUawmf&Sd 0efopdk0fpD&if jyD;avonfudk 1028ck (1666) pm&if;0ifonf[l rqdkapESifh? pD&ifonfh twdkif; wnfap? aemufaemifvnf; bk&m;uRefESifh uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUudk roifhapESifh? Edkifatmif0efpma&;wdkUu qD;wm;jrpfwm;/ ou&mZf 1043ckwefaqmifrkef;vqef;5&uf4aeU (5 October 1681) 0efpkwdkUudk vTwfawmfodkUac: trdefUawmfudkjyefonf? 0efpkpma&; wdkUudk trdefUawmfudkul;aponf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

242

5 October

1681

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ tvsifuay;avonf trdefUawmfwrf;rsm;rSmvnf; rodomav? taxG;axG;ta&ma&m&Sdavonf? 0efpma&;wdk0fvufxnf;wGif r&SdapESifh? acsbd? ,cktrdefUawmfxrf;twdkif; om0efpkwdk0ftyf &Sdap? onftrdefUawmfwrf;onfbdk0f; awmfbk&m; trdefUawmf? bMuD;awmfbk&m; trdefUawmf itrdefUawmf? {u&mZfrif; 4yg; trdefUawmfyifjzpfonf/ ou&mZf 1043ckwefawmifrkef;vqef;5&uf4aeU (5 October 1681) trdefUawmf? 0efpkwdk0fxyf ay;tyfonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 98-171-7 ay)

243

22 June

1683

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244

22 June

1683

56pkpDtyfawmfrl vuf0J0if;rSL;oD&db,ol&? a&SU0if;rSL;vusfmZ,ol&? aemuf0if;rSL;vusfmoMuFwdkUudk 0if;Hk;awmfwGif aeUnnfhae pD&ifap/ ou&mZf 1045ck 0gqdkvqef;10&uf6aeU (22 June 1683)em;cHZD;bPD &Gmpm;xkwf vTwfwGifjyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (okawoDpmpk)

245

12 December 1686

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246

7 September 1689

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247

24 September 1689

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248

10 December 1689

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249

14 February

1690

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250

10 August

1690

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(10 August)

1690

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ou&mZf1053ck uqkefvjynfhausmf 12&uf4[laeUwGif (13 May 1691) bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ tonf0efESifh jrdK0f0efpdk;w&mvkMu&mrSm jrdKU0efpD&ifeuf tydkif;tjcm;onf ta&SUudkjrdKUopf awmifudk yef;,wbufqGJwl&Gif;ajc? xufao;? 0efyawh? taemHudk acgif;cGJukwdkUqdyfaxmH&pf? ajrmHudk aumif;rI awmfMuD; pma&;cdkawmif? onftydkif;tjcm; wGif;wGif olcdk;xm;jycdk;rI ,dk;rI owfykwfdkufcwfonf trIudkum; jrdKU0efrSmom ppfaMumpD&ifap/ 0ef&Sifpk&Sif trSL;tMuD;acgif;t0ef;wdkUonf 0efpkwdkU vufom;wdkUaoGmH i,fom;[l rqdkapESifh jrdKU0efupD&ifap/ (trsdK;om; 1945)

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ou&mZf 1053ck 0gqdkvqef;7&uf6aeU (21 June 1691) bkef;awmftvGef MuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ tonf0efESifh jrdKU0efcdk;w&m;vkMuonfudk 0efwdkUrSm cdk;rIonf &mZ0wf pum;jzpfonf/ jrdKU0efrSm jrdKUpm;u tyfonfqdkonfhtwdkif; pD&ifap[l pD&ifonf t&monf cdk;,lonft&mudk axmH pD&ifonf oifhawmhonf/ oabmudkaxmufaomfrlum; jrdKUpm;uppfaMum rSefaomaMumifh olcdk;[l rtyfolcdk;[l ,dk;ooludkom olcdk;jzpfonf[l jrdK0fpm;u jrdK0f0efudk tyfonfjzpfonf/ ,ckolcdk;[l tcsif;rsm;onf t&monf w&m;pum; uJhodkU 2bufom;wdkUqdkonfpum;onf tu&mqifacsESifh qdkonfhpum; jzpfonf/ jrdKUpm;tyfonf[l jrdKU0efrSm ppfaMumpD&ifap[l 0efwdk0fu jrdK0f0efodkU rcsoifhao;? onfhES,f ,dk;rIudkyif jrdKU0efudk pD&ifapqdkvQif jrdKUom; &Gmom; 0efpkom;wdkU0fonf Ekwfom rnfoolonf okuRJEGm; okOpmudk cdk;onf[l jrdKU0efudk cHkjyK vJqdkavvQif jrdKU0efac:cs ppfaMumpD&ifvQif pnf;pdrfOpm&Sdonf OpmrJhtm; rJhudk0fjrdKU&GmwGif jrdKUudkif &GmudkifolMuD;acgif;tMuD;wdk0fonf rvdkoludk jrdKU0efudk okuRJokEGm;okOpm wdkUudk cdk; rdonfqdkonfjzpfrS oif;wdkUonf ao&SifrodtemtMuif tppftaMumudk cH&yavap/ r[kwfvQif igwdkUOpm&Sdonf tm;&Sdonfum; avsmfrnf[lom t,l&Sd tm;&SdoolwdkUonf pnf;pdrfOpmrJh rsufESmrJh wdkUudk tyfav&monfvnf;waMumif;? onfuJhodkU ta0;jrdK0f&Gmrsm;rSm dk;pGyfrIudk jrdKU0efwdkUu pD&if&vQifvnf; jrdKUpm;&Gmpm; 0efpk&SifwdkUonf ppfaMumpD&ifp&mvTwfvwfav&monfwaMumif;? ta0;jrdKU&Gmrsm;rSm cdk;rI ,dk;rIudk0f jrdKUpm;&Gmpm; 0efpk&SifwdkUrSmomqdkap/ jrdKUpm;&Gmpm; 0efpk&SifwdkUu ppfaMum cdk;onfrSefrS jrdKU0efudktyfap/ odkUppfaMum cdk;olrSefjyD;onfudkvnf; jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;0efpk&SifwdkUonf tavsmftusigwdkUpD&ifrS igwdkUtbdkUt&m&rnf[l tavsmftuspD&if jrdKU0efodkUrtyfyJaevQifrlum; rk'drf;wEcdk;aoxm;jywdkUonf &efolig;yg; tygt0ifjzpfonf jynfhavS;jynfhrTm;rsm;atmif &mZ0wfudk raxmHrcsifh udk,fhbdkUudk,fh&mjzpfatmif tavQmfpD&ifonfjzpfaomaMumifhjrdKUpm;&Gmpm;0efpk

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&SiftavQmfpD&ifolwdkudk q,fwufavsmfap/ wdkufawmfudkoGif;ap? pD&ifonf jrdKUudkif&GmudkifolMuD;acgif;tMuD;wdkUu olcdk;[l MudK;yif;oum;ESifh jrdKU0ef udk tyforlum; jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;0efpk&SifwdkUonf 0efpkom;jzpfonf/ jrpf/ jrdK0f om;&Gmom; tonfumvwdkUudk trSKjzpfonf[l rqdkapESifh jrdKU0efrSm pD&ifap/ jrdKUudkif&Gmudkif olMuD;acgif;tMuD;wdkUonf olcdk;[l MudK;yifoum; ESifh vHkjcHKatmif jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;0efpk&SifwdkUudk tyfvQifvnf; jrdKUpm;&Gmpm; 0efpk&SifwdkUrSm xyf rppfraMumapESifh jrdK0f0efodk0fomtyfap/ jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;0ef&SifjrdKUudkif&GmudkifolMuD; acgif;tMuD;wdkUu olcdk;[l jrdKU0efudktyfvQif &mZ0wfawmfpDppf rSefonfjzpfvQifvnf; jrdKU0efrSmom &mZ0wfawmftavsmuf tjypfav;ayghudkaxmH owfwefonfvuf jzwfwefonf rSwfom; uGyfnyfwefonfudk &mZ0wfawmftavsmuf pD&ifap/ &mZ0wfrIESifh pyfqdkifonft&m cdk;rI,dk;rIudk ppfaMumpD&if&onf [l jrdKUudkif&Gmudkifac:cs ppfaMumpD&ifonf[ljyKonf/ jrdKU0efpD&ifeuftydkif;tjcm;onf ta&SUudkjrdKUopf? awmifudkyef;, wbufqGJwl&Gifajcwufao;0rawh? taemHudkacgif;cGJukwdkUqdyfaxmH&pf? ajrmHudkaumif;rIawmf? pma&;? cdkawmifonftydkif;tjcm;twGif;wGif cdk;ao; xm;jycdk;rI,dk;rI dkufcwfowfykwfonf trIudkrlum;jrdKU0efrSmom ppfaMum pD&ifap/ 0efpk&SiftrSL;tMuD;acgif;t0ef;wdkUonfwdkU0efpk? wdkUvufom;? wdkUaoGmH? wdkUi,fom;[l rqdkapESifh? jrdKU0efpD&ifeufrqdkif tjcm;jyifudk jrdKU0efuac: rpD&ifapESifh? trdefUawmftwdkif; ydkUtyfvSminfjzpfrS &mZ0wf pDppf tjypftavsmHpD&ifap/ jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;0efpk&SifwdkU pD&ifeufjrdKU&Gmt&yftuGufwGifvlwa,muf udkwa,mufjcif;jzpfap trsm;tHknDjzpfapxm;vSH? 'kwf? vSefuefESifh xdk;ckwfdkufcwfaoaomf? usdK;yJhemusifaomf? xm;? vSH? 'kwf? vSHuefESifh xdk;ckwfdkufowfavonf[l w&m;awGUqdkMu&mwGif ppfaMum xm;? vSH? 'kwf? vSefuefESifh xdk;ckwfdkufowf aoonf/ usdK;yJhemusifonfrSefvQif 0efwdkUodkU

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jzpfapydkUtyfap/ obifyGJ&Sd taxG;axG; owfykwfMu&mwGif aoaomf rlum; jrdKUpm;&Gmpm; 0efpk&SifwdkUrSm wa,mufjcif;jzpfvQif wa,muf\tjzpf ESpfa,mufoHk;a,mufav;a,mufig;a,muf wusdwfjzpfvQifvnf; xdk;ckwf dkufowf olwdkU\ ta&twGuftwdkif; wa,mufpD "rowfavsmfdk;udk pD&if avsmfap/ jrdKUpm;&Gmpm; 0efpk&SifwdkU pD&ifonfudk0f rjyD; jrdKU0efodkU a&mufaomfrlum; &mZ0wftavsmuf uGyfnyfpD&if? aoG;opmaomufonf qdkonftrIjzpfaomfum; &mZ0wfMuD;jzpfaomaMumifh jrdKUpm;&Gmpm; 0efpk&Sif wdkUrSm ppfaMum rpD&ifapESifh? 0efwdkUodkUtyfap? 0efpk&SifjrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkUu 0efpkom;wdkUaeonfh t&yfjrdKU&Gmrsm;odkU w&m;pum;&Sd tac:tcs oGm;& vQif c&D;tifESifh rwefaMu;tyHhvm0wfay;&onf rsm;vSonf/ wwdkifc&D; udk aMu;2? ESpfwdkifausmf oHk;wdkif wnOfhtdyfc&D;udk 3? 4? ay;yHhap/ ESpfnOfh tdyfc&D;udkaMu; 6? ay;ap? onft&mudk axmH a0;vQifa0;avsmuf eD;vQifeD;avsmH qDqdkifHkomay;ap? ,lap? c&D;uwif;cufcJaomfrlum; 2wdkif ausmf3wdkif wnOfhc&D;[l rqdkom 5? 6? yHhap/ yHkpHa&;om;cif;&SdvQif 2wdkif ausmf 3wdkif wnOfhtdyfc&D;[l rqdkom? a&;om;&rnfhaeU&ufudkaxmH aMu;&? 8? 9? 10? 15? 20? 25? wefonf? ay;ap? ,lap/ trSKonfwdkUudk csac:vQifvkifac:ap olwdkUudkygatmifac:csap? trIonfudk ryg[lxyfac:csjyef&vQifvnf; aMu;aiGxyf ray;apESifh? tjcm;udkajymif; ac:csapvQifvnf; tvsifyHh&onfhaMu;udkxyf aemHac: cs oolwdkUudkay;ap? trSKonfu wcsm;ryHhapESifh? trIonfwdkUonf rnfonfhaeU&ufudkvmrnfqdk rvmaomaMumifh xyf ac:cs&jyef&vQif aMu;aiGxyf ray;apESifh? tcsm;udkajymif; ac:csapvQifvnf; tvQifyhH &onfudkwkyf aemHac:csoolwdkUudkay;ap? trIonfu wcsm;ryHhapESifh? trSKonfwdkUonf rnfonfhaeU&ufudk vmrnfqdk rvmaomaMumifh xyf ac:csjyef&vQif txufyHh&onfudkxkwf ay;ap? oufaocs&vQifvnf; rtm;rvyf rnfonfhaeU&ufudkvmrnfqdkonfESifh rvmaeaomaMumifh xyfac:csjyef

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&vQiftrIonf 2bufu ajcpyfcaMu;usk w0ufpDay;yHhap/ oufaowdkUonfa&SmifvTJcdkuyf aeaomf oufaoudk usdK;yif oum;ESifh ,lcJhap emusifvSatmif uGyf? vlwa,mufudk 4a,mH? 5a,mH? 6a,mH wusdyftHkUnD owfykwfonftrIjzpfap tjcm;trIjzpfap? ac:csygvSnfh qdkvSmaomfvnf; wrIwnf;udk w&Gmwnf; wtdrfwnf; aejzpfvQif cspmtjcm;waqmifpD ray;apESifh? wapmifwnf;omay;ap ac:csap? onftrdefUawmftwdkif; rwnf&qefvGef pD&ifaMumif;udk a&Tem; awmfMum;jyef&aomf? 0efpk&SifjrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkUonf ESpfcGef;acs&rnf rrSwfESifh? MuD;pGmaom tuGyfawmfudk cH&vdrfhrnf/ jrdKU0ef&Sdcdk; oHawmfOD;wifcsufudk axmH jrdKU0efvludk 0efwdkUu rcsKwfrxm;ESifhvTwfap? ta&SUudkjrdKUopf awmifudkwk&Gifacs? taemHwy,f? ajrmHudkaumif;rIawmfjrdKU0ef tqufquf pD&if&jrdxHk;pH&Sdonfhtwdkif; e,fwGifrSeforQudk trdefUawmf&if;ESifhtnD jrdKU0efu pD&ifap/ (rsdK;Munfh 1945? 98-171- 7ay)

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ou&mZf 999ck e,kefvqef;5&uf4aeU (17 May 1637) ouful&efatmif? &efwyuRJvl rSL;wdkUuudkif&onfh MudK;awmfwpif;? ou&mZf 1010jynfh waygif;vqef;6&uf3aeU(6 February 1649) raemoD[vusfmwk&ifwdkUudk cefUawmfrl udkif&onfhMudK;awmfwpif;? ou&mZf 1054ck uqkefvjynfh 3aeU (19 April 1692) eEypnf;pufus 'dkif;rSL; tdrfa&SUaxmifrSL;wdkUudk cefUawmfrl&mwGif usdKif;ionf MudK;awmfwpif;ukef;abmif;jrif;&Gmajr e,fav;&yfudk tvQifowfjyD;rS wpD;pm;ajrwGif e,fav;&yfpDwdkif;wmonfh t&mwdkUudk a&TwdkufawmfoGif;onf/ t&yf&yfjrdKU&GmrSmvnf; jrdKU&GmwGif tcsufxm;rS awmifajrmufwdkif;onf e,f0ifjrdKU&Gmrsm;rSm tpOfpD;pm; pD&if onfrsm;udk wdkif;onfht&mvnf; ausmif;jrdKU&Gme,f tcsuf ta&SUtaemuf awmifajrmufoD;oefUwdkif;onf? tdrfeef;awmf&Sdonf aemufjrdKU&GmxHk;pH ESifhtnD wdkif;wmap? e,faysmufvQif wm? wmaysmufvQif awmif? awmif aysmufvQif . . . ESifh wdkif;wmap&rnf? 0efwdkUpD&if/ ou&mZf 1054ck uqkefvqef;5&uf0aeU (9 April 1692) em;cH ajymhMuD;rSL;jyeftrdefUawmf/ (okawoDpmpk)

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(okemy&E wr'Dytp&Sdaom jrefrmwdkU\ wdkif;cdkifEdkifiHum;) ta&SUudkvm;aomf oHawmf uHxifponfrlorl,lwdkifatmifwnf;/ ta&SU awmifudkvm;aomf wvdkif;oa&? a&;? '0,f? rkwre,fukefatmifwnf;? taemufudk vm;aomf yudu&m; ukvm;e,f rp*D&dausmufe*g;kyf wdkifatmifwnf;? ajrmufcyfapmif;apmif;udk vm;aomf uefwliem;MuD;a&wGif rD;xGufuRef; rzJponf&Gme,fwdkifatmifwnf;? (ajrmufudkvm;aomf) ykwfEG,fponfjrpfatmufurf;em; tqefwnf;/ aygum&mr (yk*H)ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf om&ygtjcm;? awmifudk vm;aomf jrif;uygtjcm;? taemuf{&m0wD? taemufajrmufAl;bk&m;uRef;? ajrmuf{&m0wDjrpfwnf;/ aZ,bHk (pnf;cHk) ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf tHk;ESJacsmif;tjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf iSufypfawmifa&Tausmif; wHwdkif;tjcm;? taemufudk vm;aomf rif;acsmif;tjcm;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf {&m0wDe*g;Mupfarmfwnf;/ anmifOD;ajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf &yfapmufbk&m;? awmifudkvuf0JaMumif; c&D;vrf;rtjcm;? taemufudkukvm;ri,fwHwm; refusnf;yiftjcm;? ajrmufudk jrpfrv,faMumxuf0ufwnf;/ ioa&mufajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf usm;raoausmufaqmifajrxd? ta&SU wl,lvnf; ausmufaqmufajrausmwdkifav\/ awmifudkvm;aomf ref;usnf;jzLykym;ajrxd? taemufudkanmifOD; aAm"dukef;tjcm;? ajrmufudk yvif&Gmwvkyfajrtjcm;wnf;/ ausmufaqmufMuD;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf anmiftkyfajrtjcm;? ta&SUawmifudk yif;wvJajrtjcm;? awmifudk ykym;awmifa&SUjyifpD&Gm? taemufawmifudk anmifrsm;ajrxd? taemufodkUvm;aomf ioa&mufajrxd? taemufajrmufodkUvm;aomf wvkyfajrtjcm;? ajrmufodkUvm;aomf oHpdk;r v,f&Gmajrtjcm;wnf;/

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wvkyfjrdKUajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ,kefaxmifawmifvsiftjcm;? awmifudk woD;uefMuD;jrifonf&Gmyifpnfajrtjcm;? taemufn&Gmyvif? ajrmufodkU vm;aomf qHjrwfcHk{&m0wDtjcm;wnf;/ oH&Gmajrum;ta&SUodkUvm;aomf ioli,fueftjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf rl;acsmif;xef;pifvStjcm;? taemufodkUvm;aomf wvkyfjrdKUajrtjcm;? ,kefaxmifawmifxdyfzsm;? ajrmufodkUwoD; refusnf;yifMuD;jrdKU&GmMuD; tjcm; wnf;/ ajrmufMuD;ajrum; ta&SUodkUvm;aomf ousifaemufyg;ajrmif;tjcm;? awmif udkvm;aomf yifv,f&Gm? taemuftvm; zdkig;pm;{&m0wD? ajrmufum; vrf;ul;awmtjcm;wnf;/ yifv,fajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf aumif;qif&Gmtjcm;? awmifudkoH&Gm ajrcwfacsmif;tjcm;? taemufudkqDrD;tjcm;? ajrmufudk (ijrmMuD;) ajr tjcm;wnf;? ousif&Gmajrum; ta&SUvm;aomfukvm;&Gmajrtjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf vufyHyifMuD;tjcm;? taemufum; ijrmMuD;ajrxdacsmif;tjcm;? ajrmuf {&m0wDwnf;/ tif;0ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf jrdKopfajrtjcm;/ awmifudkvm;aomf jrif;pdkif;&Gmtjcm;? taemufudkvm;aomf ipGef[l\/ ajrmufudkvm;aomf jrif arG;jrpfwzufodkUwnf;/ (xD;aygif;um;) ajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomfaMumifjrD jrdKUopfe,fajrtjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf uHjynfh&Gmtjcm;? taemufudkMuuf,ufbk&m; {&m0wD? ajrmufudkvm;aomf t&dyfrxGufajrtjcm;wnf;/ rw&majrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf tkwfzdkawmifMum;uif;av;uif;tjcm;? awmifudkt&dyfrxGuftjcm; xD;aygif;um;ajrpyf? taemuf{&m0wD? ajrmuf um; oD[awmuRef;awmftjcm;wnf;/ ipnfhul;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf jrawmifxd? awmifudkjrpfi,ftjcm;?

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taemufxkyfcsif; ausmufig;uGif;? ajrmufum;jrudkif tifyifvSausmuf& wdkif a&mufownf;/ waumif;MuHnyfum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf wvkyfvyfrjcm;jrpfwnf;? awmif um; r,lawmiftjcm;? taemufum; y,if;wGif;uusonfh acsmif;tjcm;? ajrmufudkuif;jrpfwnf;/ usdKif; udk;usdKif;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf vlwGifrifaoh (yg;) wzuf xdk;em;wzufazguf usdKif;HkjrdKUxd vkug&dvQiftjcm;? awmifudk wcsuf oHvGifjrpfxuf0uf? taemufum; oHk;q,fusjrpfvQdK;awmiftjcm;? ajrmuf um; oifwHkjrdKUajrvl;apmfbGm;wdkUESifh u&ifwdkUu wl;onfh acsmif;tjcm; wnf;/ v,fwGif;udk;cdkifajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ajrjcm;uRJezg;wdkif/ awmifudk tqHk;wdkifycef;? taemufudkjrifpdkif;uonfwl&Gif;awmifajcwdkifatmif xdav\/ ajrmufjrpfi,fvQif tjcm;wnf;/ aygufjrdKifjrdKUajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomfjrifpdkif;? awmifudkwpD;awmifwGif; i,fxd? taemufudkrif;0Hawmifdk;xd? ajrmufudkv,frwef tif;0ajreSifh ausmcdkif;wnf;/ awmifwGif;i,fajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf t0ef;uef&Gm&if;? awmifudk tvm; wJaus;&GmoD;jcm;? taemufudkvm;aomf ausmufMuD;jcm;\/ ajrmuf udkvm;aomf aygufjrdKifawmMudK ausmuftdkifwnf;/ yifv,fajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifdk;tjcm;? awmifudkvufqnfuef odkUoGm;aomvrf;? taemufawmifudkum; jrpfi,faumufaumufpif;pif;? ajrmufudkulrJxdoGm;aomvrf;rwnf;/ jyifpnfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ewfv,fwGif;pufyifi,f? awmifudkwpD; yif;wvJajrxd? taemufudkausmufaqmufajrtjcm; qm;cg;wdkifav\? ajrmufwvTm;um; wvkyfajrtjcm; pMumawmifqufyefwdkifatmif oGm; av\/ anmiftkyfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf jyifpDajrESifhtpyf? awmifudkvm;

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aomfyif;wvJwdkif yef;cdkifajrtjcm;? taemufudkvm;aomf ausmufaqmuf MuD;ajrtjcm;? ajrmufwvTm;um; jyifpnfe,fxdoGm;av\/ yif;wvJajr um; ta&SUudkvm;aomf rif;0Hawmifdk; tjcm;aygufjrdKifajrxdoGm;\/ awmifudkvm;aomf rdwDvmozef; tif;yif;jrdKUajrESiftpyf? taemufudkvm; aomf ausmufaqmufajrvQiftjcm;? ajrmufum;anmifOD;ajrtpyf ausmufaqmufMuD;ajrESifh ausmcdkif;wnf;/ rdwDvmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ,if;awmfajrpyfudk;udkeif;\/ awmif udkvm;aomf oD;ukef;t&mawmfajr? taemufudkvm;aomf yif;wvJajrtjcm;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ozef;tif;wnf;/ a&T,if;awmfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf tvsm;&Spf,lZem ausmuful yif;w,? awmifudkvm;aomf tjcm;ESpf,lZem&aemifjrdKUopf a&Tomavsmif; odkUaygif;rd\/ taemufodkUvm;aomf ESpf,lZemwywfjrdKUtjcm;? ajrmufodkU vm;aomf w,lZem tif;uef;jrdKUtjcm;wnf;/ ,if;awmfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf opfap;awmtjcm;? awmifum; &rnf;oif;ajrxd? taemufum; atmifomaus;rdwDvm>yefxd? ajrmufum; awmifwGif;i,fawmifvHbl;awm tjcm;wnf;/ &rnf;oif;ajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomfyef;avmifjrpf? awmifum; &aemif jrdKUopftjcm;? taemufavQmfawmausmufzsmawmifwGif;ajrtjcm;? ajrmuf t&mawmfxdwnf;/ &aemifjrdKUopfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf avQmfjzLaq;? awmifudkvm;aomf v,fracsmif;? taemufudk {e,fukef;ajrtjcm;? ajrmufum; &rnf;oif; ajrwnf;/ awmifilajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ukef;acgif? awmifudkvm;aomf tif;dk;? taemufudkvm;aomf ukef;acgifawmifdk;? ajrmufum; EG,fukef;ajrtjcm; wnf;/ yJcl;[Hom0wDajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomfv,m? ukdEmHk? awmifZD;

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acsmif;yifv,f? taemufudkvm;aomf xef;rukef;tMudKifajrv,m; taemuf jcm;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ukef;acgifusdKufxD;dk;&Sifawmfawmifwnf;/ rkwrajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf zdwfawmifOrifESpfq,f? awmifudkvm;aomf OyukwfuRef;? taemufum; "g;MudKif;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufum; ukdEHk wnf;/ rkwrjrdKUt0if oHk;q,fig;jrdKU tygwq,fESpf,lZem tvm;um; ta&SUvm; aomf ukef;acgifMuwfrukef;? awmifudkvm;aomf vTm;bufuif;tjcm;? taemufodkUvm;aomf OyukwfuRef;? ajrmufodkUvm;aomf "g;MudKif;ajrpyf pD;acsmif;tjcm;wnf;/ a&;jrdKUajrum; ta&SUodkUvm;aomf jydwf&Gmusyfra[mf? awmifudkvm;aomf '0,fiSufdk;awmif? taemufudkvm;aomf usdKifcrDxd 'D0acsmif;? ajrmufudk vm;aomf xHk;awmif rkwraus;wnf;/ oHvsifajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmacsmif;em;tjcm;? awmifum; yifv,fem;? taemufyifv,fa&a0tjcm;? ajrmufum; oHvsufOD;wnf;/ [HomuRef;ajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf pnfawmif&Gm od*kFw&ukef; tygwnf;? awmifudkyifv,f0a0MuD;&Gm? taemufudkvm;aomf yifv,f oHvsufOD;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf awmrMuD;wnf;/ armfbDajrmif;wumajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ukef;acgifawmifdk;? awmifudk od*Fkw&ukef;xd? taemufudktdkifoHvQifuyef;vSdKifxd? ajrmufudkvm;aomf oHk;q,facsmif;0xdwnf;/ om,m0wDajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ukef;acgifa&a0vQiftjcm;? awmifudk vm;aomf oHk;qmfacsmif;tjcm;? taemufudkvm;aomf ref;usnf;rwfESifh {&m0wDxd? ajrmufudkvm;aomf wl;ajrmif;acsmif;xdwnf;/ anmifpma&;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf aMumiftif;rMuD;? awmifudkvm; aomf aomfwkyfajrmfuefMuD;tjcm;? taemufum;jrpfurf;? ajrmufudk

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awrdrif;oifuef;tjcm;wnf;/ jynfjrdKUajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifv,fqifvl;tdkif O&Spfawmifxd? awmifudkvm;aomf wl;ajrmif;tjcm;? taemufudkvm;aomf {&m0wD jrpf om,m? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ukef;&Gmvif0ufxD;uefwnf;/ aygif;xnfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ukef;acgifawmifdk;? awmifum; om,m0wDajrtjcm;? taemufum; jynfjrdKUajrESifhtpyf acsmif;jcm;? ajrmufum; jynfjrdKUajrajrESifh ausmcdkif;wnf;/ awmifukwfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomfukef;acgifawmifdk;? awmifum; 0ufxD;uefajrmufjcm;? taemufum; wcef;? ajrmufum; wvtr*Munf; yifpcef;wnf;/ tjr0wDajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf qifwkwfajrxd? awmifum;ukef;&Gmvifh? taemuf{&m0wD? ajrmufum; jyifwa&Tausmif;MuD;wnf;/ jyifwajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf a&Tausmif;wyg'tjcm;? awmifudktjr0wD ausmcdkif;? taemuf{&m0wD? ajrmufum; zGwfv,fajrausmcdkif;wnf;/ zGwfv,fajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf pyfaMumif;jyMuD; taemufacsmif;? awmifudk 0ufxD;uef? taemuf{&m0wD? ajrmufxde,fcsKyfajrxJ awmif wyfukef;wnf;/ anmifyifqdyfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf jyMuD;ukef;ajrxd? awmifudka&T ausmif;wHwdkif;jcm;? taemufudkjrpfaMumif;aMumif;? ajrmufum; wcef; acsmif;xd/ ajrxJjrdKUajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ukef;acgifawmifdk;MuD;? awmifudkvm; aomf qifwkyfukef;MuD;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemuf{&m0wDjrpfurf;? ajrmufudk vm;aomf awmifwGif;MuD;ajrESifausmcdkif;wnf;/ awmifcGifajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifwGif;ajrpyf? abmifudkvm;aomf cdkawmif&Gm0J&Gmtyg;tjcm;? taemufum; {&m0wDjrpf? ajrmufudk yxe*dk&f ajrESifhausmcdkif;wnf;/

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yxe*dk&fajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf pcef;MuD;awmifwGif;MuD;ajrESifhtjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf wdkifajrmufacsmif;wdk;vQdK; yxe*dk&fajrESifhausmcdkif;? t aemuf{&m0wDjrpfaumufaumuf &GmykvJajrxd? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ,if; acsmif;wnf;/ rauG;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf rwkvawmifawmifwGif;MuD;ajrESifh tjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf ,if;acsmif;? taemuf{&m0wD? ajrmufum; cwfcRef; u&ifuRef;wnf;/ awmifwGif;MuD;ajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf ukef;acgifa&a0 dk;,if;awmf &Sifawmfausmif;bk&m;xd? awmifudkvm;aomf yGifhjzLa&Tavmif;zsm; uGef;awmf &mr,faZmausmyef;wifusdyfvQdK EG,fukef;ajrxd? taemufawmifum;ajrxJ ajrxd? taemufum; uefajrxd? taemufajrmufum; 0HwkvawmifodkU yxe*dk&f jrifuGef; rauG;ajrtjcm;? ajrmufudk,if;awmf jrpfaumufaumuf pif;pif;wnf;/ ewfarmufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf wajrmif;,if;ajrmif;zsm;? awmifudk yif;acsmif;? taemufudkvm;aomf rauG;ajrESifhtpyf? ajrmufudkoJjrpfacsmif; tjcm;wnf;/ yif;jrdKUajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf vHblawmif? ta&SUajrmufuyif;wvJ ajrpyf? awmifoJjzLaeacsmif; ewfarmufajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufudk qkefycef;i,fajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufum; rauG;ajrtjcm;? taemuf ajrmufudk ausmufyef;awmif;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufum; ykyg;jrdKUajrESifh tpyfwnf;/ 0ufrpGwfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf 0g;yifcifawmrauG;ajrESifhtjcm;? awmifum; uonf;&GmrauG;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemuf{&m0wDjrpf aumufaumufpif;pif;? ajrmufHkawmajrpHkacsmif;e,faus;wnf;/ a&eHacsmif;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf a&eHwGif;tjcm;? awmifudkHkawm? taemuf{&m0wD? ajrmufausmuf&Jarmfwnf;/

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ausmuf&Jarmfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifuGJajrtjcm;? awmifudkvm; aomf a&eHacsmif;ajrtjcm;? taemuf{&m0wD? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ycef;i,f ajrxdwnf;/ ycef;i,fajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf a&qHkajrtjcm;? awmifudkyif;acsmif;0 bk&m;? taemufum; {&m0wDjrpfv[m? ajrmufum;qkyefacsmif;wnf;/ ausmufyef;awmif;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ykym;ajrtjcm;? ta&SUawmif udk aZmif;yifjrdKUygcHawm&GmajrESifhtpyf? awmifudk ycef;i,fESifh yif;e,f tjcm;? taemufawmifudk ycef;i,fajrxd? taemufudkpavajr ycef;i,f ajrtjcm;? ajrmufudk wk&Gif;wdkifajrxdwnf;/ pavajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifxd? awmifudkpmMudKbk&m;? taemuf um;{&m0wD? ajrmufum;ydkufawmifyHkawmftjcm;wnf;/ uGrf;&Gmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf anmifrsm;&Gmykym;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmif vm;aomfausmufyef;awmif;ajrESifhtpyf? taemufawmifum; pdrf;ultHk;rsm; usyfcdk;tdk&Gmomtjcm;? ajrmufum;jrif;rem;acsmif;pwem;wnf;/ &GmawmifyHkajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomfausmf&Gm? awmifum;{&m0wD? taemuf um;awmifajrmufpD;aomacsmif;? ajrmufum;ul;cef;ajrxdwnf;/ anmifwGif;&GmuefMunfa&uswHzsm;pkajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf a,macsmif; ta&SUawmifurf;rjzLulxkwfe,f? awmifum; tnmudk;&Gmwef;wdkacsmif;? taemufum; iSufMuD;odkufjra,mifpG,fawmf&Sifajcawmf&if;wnf;/ taMuudk;&Gmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomfjrpfp? awmifum;a,mwuf rkwfacsmif;ausmif;udk;&Gmajr? taemuf&Gmpyftif;MuD;,Gef;acsmif;? ajrmufu em;a&;acsmif;i,fopfap;yifwpke,fwaMumtif;MuD;awm

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wnf;/ usyif;ajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifpvif;acsmif;? taemufe,fqHk; a,majrpyfvkvifcHk? ajrmufum; acsmif;jzLtjcm;wnf;/ pvif;ajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifrkef;acsmif;? taemuf&cdkifajrpyf? ajrmufpvif;acsmif;? taemufajrmuf usqifEkwfa&uefcsif;&Gmwnf;/ v,fudkif;ajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifpvif;cHke,fHkyifawm? taemuf awmifoHk;qifh? ajrmufrkef;acsmif;wnf;/ abmifvif;ajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifum;wavmuif;? taemufudk ajreJacsmif;? ajrmufum;oHyk&if;ESifhtifyifMuD; ta&SUulMuD;Muufwufawm wnf;/ pule,fum;ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifrvGefajrESifhtpyf? taemufa&Tpufawmf&m av;wifawmifrvGefajrESifhtpyf? ajrmufudkHk;yifpnfawmwnf;/ rvGefajrum;ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifum;aZmifcsrf;awmif? taemufum; pukajrxd? rwdef;ajre,ftpyf? ajrmufudkykvJ&GmykvJajre,ftjcm;wnf;/ ajrxJajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifudko&ufajrxdacsmif;jcm;? taemufudk a0;acgifwdkifwm;ajrtpyf? ajrmufudk&Gmvif;ajrtjcm;wnf;/ o&ufajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifudkrif;wkef;acsmif;? taemufum; jrpudkif;awmifuacsmif;tjc;? ajrmufum; jrdKUopfwdkifwm;ajrxdwnf;/ umrajrum;ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifum; rap;acsmif;? taemufum;rif;jyHK; ajrxd? ajrmufudk rif;wkef;acsmif;wnf;/ cRef;awmifajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifydkifywfcsdKif? taemufukvm;&Gm? ajrmufudk umrajrESifhtpyfwnf;/ tjr0wDajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifudkwv,fpD;ajrtjcm;? taemufudk a&TawmifMuD;jrdKUajrtpyfausmufzsm? ajrmufum; umrajrESifhtpyfwnf;/ wvnfpD;ajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifudk yef;awmif;ajrxd? taemuf

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um; a&TawmifMuD;ajrtpyf? ajrmufum;tjr0wDajrESifhtpyfwnf;/ yef;awmif;ajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifum;MuHcif;awm? taemufum; a&TawmifMuD;? ajrmufudkwvnfpD;ajrwnf;/ udk;jrdKUajrum; ta&SUarmfbDacsmif;? awmifum; yodefajrtjcm;? taemuf um;y&Snf;acsmif;? ajrmufum; wkyfarmfuefMuD; tjcm;wnf;/ oHajrmfwHkajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf 'vajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifudkyifv,f uRef;ykvk? taemufum;ykodefe,fjcm; jrpfaumufaumufvdefvdef? ajrmufudk a'gif;jzLajrxd/ 'vajrum; ta&SUawmifupyifv,f? taemufawmif ykodefjrpf0? taemufoH ajrmfwHkajrmESifh ausmcdkif;wnf;/ ykodefajrum; ta&SUrvufwdkMuD;? awmifudk rdef;rvSuRef;r*sL&Gm? taemuf wdkifMuD;vufapmif;awmiftjcm;? ajrmufum;cJaygifjrdKUawmifacsmif; ta&SU pD;wnf;/ a&TawmifMuD;ajrum; ta&SU{&m0wDyef;awmif;jrdKUtjcm;? awmifMuHcif; y&Snf;acsmif;? taemufausmufjzLawmif? ajrmufum;acsmif;MuD;vdkufaxmuf ausmufzsm0wnf;/ rif;jyHK;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf o&uf? rvGefajrausmpyfaESm&Suf\? awmifum; a&TawmifMuD;ajrtjcm;ausmufjzm? taemufudk&cdkifa0jrm av;yif? ajrmufum;wdkifwm;ajrxef;&Gmxdwnf;/ wdkifwm;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf o&ufjrdKUajrtjcm;? awmifudkif;i,f acsmif;a&&Sif? taemufudk jrif;acgif;ndKa&mif ponfo&ufawmif? ajrmufum; jrdKUjzpfajrxef;&Gmxdwnf;/ jrdKUjzpfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ajrxJjrdKUajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifudkoHvsif xef;&Gmtjcm;? taemufudk"gwfpufbk&m;? ajrmufum; wrl;yef;xdajrpyf &Srf;owfulwnf;/ ywdef;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf rvGefajrESifhtpyf awmifudkOD;wnf/

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abmifum; bk&m;jrdKUjzpfajr\tpyf? taemuf&cdkifcsif;wdkUocsKif;? ajrmufudk yef;ESpfaxGwnf;/ rbJajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ref;acsmif; pukajrxd? awmifudkvm;aomf aysmufrefwefajroref;auGUaumuf? taemufudk&cdkifapwkw&m oGm;onfh vrf;r? ajrmufudk apwkw&ma&Smufawmifwnf;/ apwkw&majrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifwdkvrf;ajrmif &cdkifvmrvJajr ESifhtpyf? awmifum;ref;acsmif;tpyf a&Smufawmiftjcm; taemufawmifudk csif;awmifMuD;wdkifatmifudkif;vdkif;? taemufum;&Srf;&GmMuD; &cdkifa&a0 tjcm;? taemufajrmufudk &cdkifa&a0csif;ocsKif;yg ajrav;yifqdkif? ajrmufudkvm;aomfcsif;euf a&uefMumtif; ydaxmufoHk;cGcsif;ig;&Gm? pvif;ta&SUwzsm;awmifoHk;awmifwGif v[macsmif;r&efatmif&Gm aeonf Xmeum; opfcGyifwnf;/ avmif;&Snfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf EGm;wufuefSKacsmif;? ta&SUawmif ajc&mawmfESifh avmif;awmfarSmuf? taemufudk &cdkifajrMucsr&wdkif udkif;uGif;v[mwGif awmifpGmaeonfh opfyifav;yifcGe,fqdkif? ajrmHudk vm;aomf aqmjrdKUawmifyg;awmifuefUvefUi,f a&pD;tjcm;wnf;/ aqmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf 0ufzkwfacsmif;zsm;vkvifpHk0ufacsmif; ausmufav;wdkif? awmifudk awmifuefUvefUacsmif;i,fa&pD; tjcm;taemuf? taemufum; csif;wdkUocsKif;awmif? ajrmufudk&SJajruv,fvSawmwnf;/ avmif&Snfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf EGm;wufuefSKacsmif;? ta&SUawmif ajc&mawmfESifhavmif;awmfarSmuf? awmifMumtif;ewfa&uefpvif;acsmif; ig;&Gmxd? taemufudk &cdkifajruscsr&wdkifwdkif uGif;v[mwGifawmifpGm aeonfhopfyifav;cGe,fqdkif? ajrmufudkvm;aomf aqmjrdKUawmifyg;awmif uefUvefUi,fa&pD;jcm;wnf;/ aqmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf 0ufykwfacsmif;vkvifpHk0ufacsmif;ausmuf

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av;wdkif? awmifudkawmifuefvefUacsmif;i,fa&pD;jcm;? taemufum;csif;wdkU ocsKif;awmif? ajrmufudk&SJajruv,fvSawmwnf;/ a,mMucwfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifvkvifpHkqifkyf0ufykwfacsmif; a&xGufajrqdwfjzLESifh avsmif;a,m anmifjzLyifa&muf\/ xef;ajcmufyif oefe,fvQifwnf;/ awmifum;oHk;&Gmywfawmifjrwf tilrSmcsifrkyfESifh bk&m;ajrmufacsmif;zsm;u ajc&mawmfcsif;ocsKif;ukef;bdk;awmifqdkifbk&m; vufndK;nTefoufu,fawmifbk&m; &Srf;&GmMuD; rSdKif;rSdKif;rS yk*Hrif;orD; ocsKif;av;eufcsKyfudkufrdav\/ qifausmufkyf? taemufum; yawmifoHk;cGuRef;oHk;cGv,fvSjzLvSvSESifh acsmif;zsm;? ajrmufum;wlla0bl vawmifdk;? ajc&if;wGif Orifudk;wGif;wdkifatmif ta&SUtpOfoGm; a&0acsmif; tzsm;ajrmufawmifjynfMuD; ppfjyifvSawmifbdacsmif;zsm;0,f taemuf awmifxd ukef;tif;,if;uonf taemufudkausmufOaumif; awmifpGm yef;ndKvnf;qdk\/ onfuwoD;ZD0uausmufjyifMuD;? onfuwoHk,kefvS qiftif;r&if;v,fw&Snf;vkyfawmifbDvm*lawmif&Gm anmifrajrmHacsmif; ,if;uonf a&TuGeftkyfbk&m; wHwdkif;&if;xdwnf;/ &Srf;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmif&Sd\/ awmifum; aumufaumufpif; pif; ,kefqif;acsmif;i,f ausmacsmufacsmif;rESifhtifyawmifav; awmif w&yfajrmufacsmif;yiftxd yHkawmiftaemufzufajc&if;vS ig;&GmwGif awmifojrwfausmufe*g;jrD;? taemufum; armfacsmif;MuD;? ajrmufum; armfacsmif;vuf ta&SUbDvm0wfacsmif;tkwfajrxdwnf;/ xD;vif;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf wuGiftif;yifpnf,kefvStif;r&if; wv,fvkyf taemufawmif0ufacgif;e,fcsKyf ,if;uoGm;aomf bk&m; a&TuGeftkyf? awmifudkvm;aomf a,mjrpfpyf a&TuGeftkyfbk&m;wHwdkif;xd? taemufudkawmifMuD;awmifrcsif;oHk;&Gm tvGefajrmjrpf? ajrmufudk wHcg;r a[o&ufawmifpGef;em; ra[o&ufaumif;rI o&ufb@m*D&dbk&m;wnf;/ uav;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf wdefnifajrtjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf

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a,majre,fqHk;wGif awmifausmufoHk;,if;u awmifbDvmajrmufacsmif;? taemufudk anmifyifausmif;vawmifuydaxmufoHk;cGuRef;vSnf;tukef taemufudk woD;tZmwowfv,fawmMuD;? ajrmufudkwkwfuonf; av;&Gmajrpyf? ta&SUajrmufudkaomifoGwfajrpyfwnf;/ uonf;av;&yfajrcsKyfpyfum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf at;uif;wyfwJrl;0 ukvm;&Gm tif;acgif;ajrmufwl;jzdKajrtpyftjcm;? awmifudkuav;ajrtjcm;? taemufudkwuficdkifukvm;ajrpyf? ajrmufcsif;dk;awmiftjcm;wnf;/ aomifoGwfajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ukvm;&Gmuonf;&Gmuonf;rMuD; acsmif;tjcm;? awmifudkausmhyefacsmif;opfap;awm? taemufum; wrl;0 aumufupif;acsmif;? ajrmufudkoGm;aomfuonf;ocsKif;uonf;av;ck ajr ausmcdkif;wnf;/ wdrfnifajrum; e&O&mjrpfomteD;tyg; (omwnf;)/ urf;eDajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf 0efodkrSdKif;pk&Gmwy,if;ajrtjcm;? ta&SUawmif y'Hkajrpyfawmifyef;csDajrewfvbdkUausmcdkif;? taemufawmif um; vbdkUv&GmawmifwvHk;tjcm;? taemufudkawmifwGif;acsmif; awmifdk; tjcm;? ajrmufrif;uif;ajrausmcdkif;wnf;/ yef;csDajrum;ta&SUajrmufvm;aomf ausmufjrwf&GmMuHwlwdkufvufyHawmif qm;xHk;qm;vif;acsmif;? ta&SU{&m0wD? ta&SUawmificHk;&Gm tjcm;? awmiform;acsmif;? taemufawmif0g;Hk&Gmtjcm;? taemufabmufdk;em;? taemufajrmufacsmif;qHktjcm;? ajrmuf,rm;acsmif;wnf;/ (ausmufjruf) ajrum; ta&SUajrmufvm;aomf rlwlpyfjzL? ta&SUum; csif;wGif; wbufurf;txdtjcm;? ta&SUawmifqdkufe*g;qefvdkUvdkuf? awmifESifh taemufawmif ref;usnf;waxmif&aohacsmif;? taemifudk aovrf;acsmif;tdk0orif;wdkUtjcm;? taemufajrmufESmacsawmif&if; ,kefwvif;? ajrmufudkwrl; acsmif;MuD;ajrpyfwnf;/

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tjrifhajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf 0efvS&GmMuD;bk&m;wHwdkif;? awmifudk y&dr tjcm;? taemufum; csif;wGif;jrpf? ajrmufrsufemA'Hkajrausmcdkif;wnf;/ A'Hkajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf vrf;&Gmawmifacsmif;xd? ta&SUum; oceftpnfqif; wy,if;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifum; aiGocsnf oajyyifacsmif;tjcm;? taemufum;urf;eDajrpum;ewfMuD; ajrwGif 0efvdkus&if; csif;wGif;jrpf? ajrmufum; &GmrGHtaemufajrmufapmif; taygif;wnf;/ wy,if;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf rl;aumufaumufpif;pif;? ta&SUawmif &yforefomajrpyf? awmifum;&Srf;av;&Gm? taemufum;0efodkrSdKif;pk&GmAef ajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufrSmawmifydkUvSajrwl;ajrESifh ausmcdkif;wnf;/ (orefomajrum;) ta&SUudkvm;aomf axmufIewfMuD; awmifykvkawmif dk; awmifpnfpk? awmifodkUvm;aomf MuufiSufcg;acgif;anmifonfjyifpyf puygajrjcm; taemufawmifwvTm;wy,if;ajrjcm; taemuf0efodkzkx ykwdajymif;oG,f? ajrmufum; e,fjcm;jyifyif&Gmawmifjcm;wnf;/ ig;pdkUiSufaysmwdkifajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifum;,ompD&ifonfh ajrjcm;cRef;abmifajrawmif? taemufwuGif;pnfhcdkifcwGif;? ajrmufudk ausmufawmifxif;aMumif;aMumif; ta&SUopfawmav;&yfuvmonfh acsmif;awmifudkwzuf jrpfi,facsmif;xGufwnf;/ acgoEdajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf anmifyifwdkifajrjcm;? awmifum; i&eJ ajrxdacsmif;aMumifom? taemufum; puygajrjcm;? ajrmufudkanmifav; yiftjcm;wnf;/ i&eJajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf uowfanmifyifwdkifajrpyf? awmifum; tdkifvwfacsmif;ajrjcm;? awmiftifMuif;yifapmufxd? taemufum; puyg ajrpyf? ajrmufudkaMumifbm;ajrxdwnf;/

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puygajrum; ta&SUvm;aomf acgoEDi&eJtjcm;? awmifudki&eJ? taemuf um;rl;acsmif;aumufaumufpif;pif;? ajrmufudkajrwl;csufpyfwnf;/ ausmufajrmif;ajrum; ta&SU{&m0wD? awmifipnfhudkif? taemufydwfawm awmifuefoHk;uef? ajrmuftvm; jrpful;acsmif;i,f xdyftjcm;wnf;/ pnfomajrum; ta&SUvm;aomf ausmufacsmif;e,fa&muf ausmufulawm? awmifum; yef;awmfjyif? taemufum; opf,myifMuD;ausmufwdkif? (ajrmuf um;) rluluGefawmfacsmif; tjcm;wnf;/ [efvif;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf rD;wkyfyifMuD; ausmufyHk? awmif ausmufjzLukef;MuD;? taemifanmifojym? ajrmufrkwfqdk;csHKtjcm;wnf;/ 0rf;jynfhwdkufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomfrl;? awmifudk tjr0wDajrpyf? taemufum; rawmifrMuD;ajrwl;? ajrmufum; yef;awmjyifvSnfhawmifom ajrpyfwnf;/ OoQpfi,fwdkufajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf vufa&G;i,fjrif;ajrcdkuf anmifapmufyiftcdkuf? ta&SUum; rif;ppfuJonfhrnfo&Dyifcdkuf? ta&SU awmifum;anmifukwfum;? awmifum;[efvif;wdef&Gm&if; ppf0efq,fe,f acsmif;ajrtcdkuf? taemufawmifudk opfawmufajrcdkuf? taemHuRJjym;&Gm? taemHajrmHudk tapmoajyvrf;wGifom? ajrmHum; yef;awmjyifajrpyf 4if;wGif rnfo&DqifpG,facsmif;? ta&SUajrmufudk vufa&G;i,fjrif;ajrcdkuf anmifapmufyif tcdkufwnf;/ awmifbufwdkufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf . . . &Gma&SUu xaemif;yif? awmifum;vrf;? taemHyef;awmjyif? ajrmH OoQpfwdkufajrcdkufwnf;/ ppfawmifi,fwdkufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifbufwdkufajrtcdkuf? awmifum; yef;awmjyifajrtcdkuf? taemufum; yef;awmjyifajrtcdkuf? ajrmufudkOoQpfi,fajrtjcm;wnf;/ apmrusnf;wdkufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf xdefudkif;&Gm&if;cdkuf? ta&SU

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awmifudk rawmifhwajrtcdkuf? awmifudkrawmifwGif;wdkuf? taemufudk - - ajrmufudk - - - -ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ppfudkif;awmifoifawmwdkufajrtcdkuf? awmifum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ppfudkif;awmif oifawmwdkifajrtcdkuf? awmifum;e,fjcm;ysLuefyiftem;? taemufawmifonf ieDomapmrsdK; r,ftif;? ajrmufudktapmyd awmufyifodkUoGm; (aomvrf;wnf;/) tif;iHk wdkufajrum; ta&SUudk[Homql;avajrcdkuf? awmifudkxef;yJajr tcdkuf? taemufawmifudk bkra'0orD;crufajrtcdkuf? awmifudkxef;yJajrtcdkuf? taemufawmifudk bkra'0orD;crufajrtcdkuf poma&Tausmif;0wfajr anmifyifMuD;tcdkuf,if;uonf - - pm;awmfuefajrum; (ta&SUudkvm;aomf) o&ufav;ajr (awmifum;) anmifvSav;ajr (taemuf) ieDomapmrsdK;r,fajr e,fcsKyfpyf? (ajrmuf) rawmifhwi,f ajrpyfwnf;/ awmifppf. . . wdkufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ppfudkif;awmifoufouf ajrcdkuf? ta&SUawmifum; rl;wdrftjcm;? awmifum;tif;iHkajrpyf? taemuf um; . . . ajrmufum;rl;aumufaumufpif;pif;wnf;/ rawmifhwMuD;wdkufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf yef;awmjyifajrcdkuf? ta&SU awmifum; 0rf;ajyUajrtcdkuf? awmifudkrl;awmifbufuef? taemufudkrl; taemuf0efydkajrtjcm;? taemufajrmufudkavmv[m&efydkifwmdk;? ajrmuf udkwavQmufacsmif;? ta&SUajrmufudkoHk;jynfiygwnf ta&SUvdrfyifMuD; ,if;uonfuRJrsm; taemufacsmif;,if;uonf awmifodkU ydkUawmifodkU ajy;\/ pomwdkufajrum; ta&SUodkUvm;aomf rHknifjyifonf ajrtcdkuf vrf;r aMumif;Mumcdkuf? ta&SUawmifudk anmifMuyfyiftcdkuf? awmifudk tjcm; ykwdkifMunftif;em;,if;urHk wdkifjynf&Gmi,fvnf;aMumifaMumifwdkif? taemufudk . . . ajrmufudk . . . wy,if;vTJajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf uvdyfawmiful;vrf;r? ta&SU um; . . . awmifum; ajrpyfjym;0gajrvnf;wowf? taemufawmif

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um;p&wfjrif;ajrtjcm;? taemufum;rl; awmifvufuefwavQmufrl; aumufaumufpif;pif;? taemufajrmufum;rl; taemufbufuonf yif pnfacsmif;tifbufvuf? ajrmufudk0uf . . . tkwfrGefMuD;wdkufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf vufa&G;jrpfi,fjrif; awmifum; MuefUcdkif&if;rmawmpyfausmufwdkif? taemufum; ajrpyfausmufwdkif? ajrmufudk vufa&G;i,fajrpyfausmufwdkifwnf;/ [if;omwdkufajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf [efvif;ajrtjcm;? ta&SU um; pdwfxdef;MudKifajrtcdkuf? ta&SUawmifudk yd#uwfygajrmufwdkU awmwdkifvufajrcdkuf? awmifukd tapmrusnf;ajrcdkuf? taemufudkjrpfxd? taemufajrmufudk 0rf;jynfhajrtxd? ajrmufudk yef;awmjyifwnf;/ jr0wDwdkufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf rl;tcdkuf? ta&SUawmifudk tapm rusnf;tcdkuf [HomajroHykwfajr? awmifudkaumifppfrif;&Gm ta&SU v,fysufMuD;omaumifppfrif;&Gm&if;[if;omav;ajrtpyf? taemufum; [if;omav;ajrtjcm;? taemufajrmufudk ppfwHkrkwfawmajrtpyf? ajrmuf um;rl;aumufaumufpif;pif;wnf;/ xlygHkbk&m; &wemAdrmefausmif;ajrum; jrdKUMuD;wcGifoHcHjyif&Gm taemuf wdkuf&SifanmifMuwfyifESifh vufqnfuefi,fuefydkifwwef ykpGefvGefa&muf xkwfjcif; aygufrS jrpfatmufwcGifrefusnf;yif i,foHowfyifESifh aygufyif tpOftvsm; 4if;uajrmufudk a&Tpma&;acsmif; taemufum; a&Tpma&;uponfh aumufauGUta&SUawmifajrmufrl; aumufaumufpif;pif; ywfom&GmawmifanmifyifwdkifatmufwvTm; anmifyifMuD;upD;av wacsmif;awmif vTJajrmufwGif aygufyifapmif;ajrmufyg; ausmuf&if;v,f ausmufawmfajrvwfem;xdkrS jzL;jzL;awmifpl;pl;um; tdkifbl;v,frp oGm;avrdxdajrvQiftjcm;ajzmifhwul; rl;udkul; rl;ta&SUbuf tcuf aygufyif ukwfumta&SUwvTm;xdkuoGm;aomf&if; wdkuf&ifpawjrdKUvSajrESifh rif;w&m;q&majrtjcm;? tpvyv,fig;yifv,facsmif;em;rif;

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w&m;q&majrtaemufuefMuD; uefMuD;ajr taemufuefydkifdk;atmif;onfh rHk&awmifhpm;yif xdkwGif tcufrsm;vsm;xdktaemufwGif oifuef;jyifajr taemufwdkifav\/ wdkifaoajrmufacsmif;dk;wavQmuf a&mufavaomvQif aoQmiftaemufajr&Sifopfykwfyiftjcm; xdkrStaemufrl; xdyfdk;wavQmuf anmifMuwfyifpum;pdrf; tmtmxdkodkU ajrjcm;xdyfrSwfxm;onf vrf;om ajrdk;wmxdk;waxmif tukef pudkif;udku ajrmufodkUrusnf;yifpnf; ppfudkif;acsmif;pifvrf;rom &Snfta&SUudkwcsuf {&m0wDawmifpif;MuHxuf awmifum; {&m0wDtaemufwuGuf rdacsmif;wufwnf;/ &GmopfMuD;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf axmifhrtif;? awmifum;{&m0wD? taemufum;qifjzLwuf&Srf;xef; ukef;pudkif;u eef;awmf&majr &wemrkeD apwDawmfajrta&SU rD;acsmif;wufacsmif; xlygHk0wfajrESifh ausmcdkif; ,if;u taemufomxGef;acsmif;? ajrmufum; anmifyifukwfum;wnf;/ ig;xyfa0VK0efkyfxkawmfMuD; taemufbHkomwkvGwfausmif;awmf aZw0ef oHk;xyfausmif;awmf qifuyfywfvnf apmif;wef;ig;ql rSefuif; oHk;qifh &mZyvifOuifvSdKifwGif wkwf&SifvGwfOuif a&TxD;jzLcsuf a&Tom; anmif&GufoHk;qifhav;qifhaom vufyifhxD;jzLusif;yvQufom; tpOfwHqdyf awmf 'gXme*r[m"r&mZ*kkxD;wHqdyfawmf& q&mawmf tqufquf ppfaMumpD&ifonf xef; 7000 anmif 700jyif 0efvufqdyfwavQmuf ajrmufbufukwful&Gmom,Gef;pk pcsDrGrfuGefom ipHiokwfwmwdkUESifh OD;a& ESpfq,fwdkUusDpm;uGufpm; usif;ay;csoem;awmfrlonfum; ta&SUudkvm; aomf pnfomvdkifawmfajrtpyf? awmifausmif;oifav;ajrausmcdkif;? taemuf&wemAdrmefausmif;ajrxd? ajrmuf&wemjrpnf;cHkajrESifh ausmcdkif; 4if;e,fav;&yfowf ausmif;awmfudk a&Tu&m;ESifh a&pufoGef;cs vSLawmfrlonf/ ig;xyfa0VK0efausmif;awmfvnf; irlcef;r,m;? cdkif0,f&Srf; ausmfrdZHyHkwdkUESifh vlaygif;ig;q,fwdkUudkvnf; oifykwfawmfuyfa&Tu&m; ESifh a&pufcs vSLawmfrlonf/

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jrif;rlajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf &GmopfMuD; &Gmawmif{&m0wDtaemuf qifjzLwufarmufausmufvSMuD;? ajrmuf . . . wnf;/ ausmuf&pfebufajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf qyfjymukef;tjcm;? ta&SUawmif {&m0wD? awmifudkyifpkwfyifvStjcm;? taemufum; eEGif;udkif? ajrmufum;ausmufav;wdkifwnf;/ ul;cef;MuD;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomfjrpfr? ta&SUawmif{&m0wD? awmifum; jzpfoD;vifuawmwq,fhESpfw&m;0udk cefyef;jcHajrpyf? taemufawmifum; v,f,macsmif;jcm;anmif&Gm? taemufa,majrtpyf? ajrmufum;r,m; rHknif;&Gmwnf;/ iausmajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf yifv,f&mjr&Gmacsmif;ewfaumif;pif idkif vusFmwHcg;vQiftjcm;? awmifum;ae&O&macsmif;tjcm;? taemufum; t&mawmf pdkifjzLxef;yifcGxef;yifvS? ajrmufum;ulbk&m;wnf;/ rkqdk;bdkajrum; ta&SUjrpfaumufaumufpif;pif;? awmifudkvm;aomf xGuf wuf&Gmxd? taemufyvdkif;uefzsm; rMunform? ajrmufum;iajy&if? ipdkif &ifawmwnf;? rkqdk;bdke,fum; ojrifwdkuf (t0ifwnf;)/ rdkif;yGefajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf yef;avmifjrpfi,fxd? ta&SUawmifum; wufrqGJyef;avmifjrpfaumufaumufpif;pif;? awmifum; yef;avmifjrpf aumufaumufpif;pif;? taemufawmifum; oaygufrlwlonfh acsmif;0? taemufudk wefwm;OD;&Gma&SUaqmuf &Snfuefdk;tkef;xef;oD;? taemuf ajrmufum; aqmuf&Snfuefdk; p&yfjzLxd? ajrmufum;xHk;acsmif; jrpfayguf aumufaumufauGauGUwnf;/ ibwfacsmif;wGif rdk;nif;rif;w&m;aumif;rIwJawmf&m bk&m;udkvSLawmfrl aom ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf orefbk&m;awmifvSnf;bD;acsmif;? ta&SUawmifum; awmifpif;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifum; jrdKUjynfajrESifh ausmcdkif;? taemufawmifibwfacsmif;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemH

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jyDjrdKUausmufwdkif? ajrmufum;uGef;&mouFef;pm;acrdE&pD&ifonfh ajrESifh ausmcdkif;wnf;/ rdk;eJajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf usdKif;wHkajrESifhausmcdkif;? ? ta&SUum; oHvGifrdkif;pdwfajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifum; . . .? taemuf . . .? taemuf ajrmufum; anmifa&TajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufum; vJcsm;odEDajrESifhausm cdkif;wnf;/ ,cktkwfjrdKUonfvmcefapmfbGm;wnfaomjrdKU? ta&SUwHcg;wql? awmifESpfql? taemufoHk;ql? ajrmufwqlwdkU ydkifeuf2? aemifvGefewforD; 1? ppfa&;&SdvQif a&wGif;xJrSm oufu,fqHk ajray:jrJrdk;eJwdwfedrdwfwnf;/ ppfudkif;ajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf jrpfi,fwzufoajyyif? awmif{&m0wD? taemufawmifr? ajrmifwdkifMuyuwnf;/ atmfcJaygufajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf uyfatmjc,fp&GefajrESifh ausmcdkif;? ta&SUum; oHrsm;v[mo&? ta&SUawmifawmifyifwpkbk&m;? awmifrsm;acsmif;? taemufum;xdefig;yifyifv,f? ajrmufpl;pl;um; uefav;yifrl;&ifuyfv[mwnf;/ usdKufawmbk&m; tm;vHk;ausmif;xdef; ewfuGef;vnfawmf'0,fe,f cdkiftdk;ig;ewfuGef;ordef*ol? tdk;ig;ewfxdef; a',lomwdk;indK4if;om;iaumfr/ ppfudkif;bHkausmfwkvGwfausmif;awmfudk ig;xyf'g,umrif;w&m;vSLawmf rlonfh uuL&Gmukef,Gef;pkpcsDtJrGefuGef? r,m;ckcsif? om;ipH? r,m;wkcsm;? om;iukvm;? nDicJ? nDicspfaxG;? rdaoGUtdrfayguf? nDrtdrfHk? nDrtdrfrGJ? nDrrdqdkif? nDrtdrfrl? om;iaygif? nDiomcdkif? tdrfrlvifia&TomESr tdrfayg? nDrtdrfrd? nDrtdrfausmfbm;? nDrtdrfwJ? tdrfayguf? vifi&JEdkif? iaemfvm? iyktJ? iydkif? ESrtdrfESif; a0gonf icJom;iomyHk nDiaygufwif? nDiaygufxGef;? icspfaxG;? om;ionf? om;iavSmuf? om;iMumabmf? iokwm? om;ijzL? ESrtdrfjynfh? nDrtdrfrkwf? nDrtdrfo&D? tdrfruf? om;ixGef;yHk? nDiaygif? nDirsuf&SK? ESrtdrfyHk? om;iwkwf

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cdkif? nDrndKr? om;ia&TcJ? ou&mZf (999ck) (1637) pm&if;awmf0if ausmif; oHCduvla&Tu&m;ESifh a&pufcs vSLawmfrlaom t&Hapmifh (t&H) xdef;wdkUpm&if;/ yifv,f&GmonfwkyfjrdKUe,f r[kwf odrfbk&m;*lawmfbk&m; anmifydkbk&m; cGefausmif;bk&m; av;qlbk&m; &SifoHCdu0wfajr rif;MuD;pGmapmfuJvSLawmf rlonfum; jrdKUacsmif; ajrmufbufyef;&wufaombk&m;0wfajracsmif;awmf wuf&efatmifjrifbk&m;0wfajr/ wkyfajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf a&Tvifyef;acsmif;udk;q,fhudk; &Gm wdkuf? ta&SUpl;pl;acsmif;bDvl;? ta&SUawmifawmifqwform;ausmHpk? awmif uefav;&GmtwGif;? taemufawmifacGromanmifonfOD;? taemuf{&m0wD jrpfausm? taemufajrmufaxmufMuHOD;0Jy? ajrmufum; . . . wnf;/ yifv,f&Gmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ukef;awmifqif&GmoH&GmajrESifh ausmcdkif;? awmifum;ydkMum;wkyfajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufum;. . .? ajrmuf um; anmifpifacsmif;oH&GmajrESifh ausmcdkif;wnf;/ yifv,f&GmwGif *lawmfvSbk&m; oHCdu,dk;',m;avrwdkUudkcs (xm;)awmf rlonf/ yifv,f&Gmudk rif;MuD;pGmapmfuJ wnfaxmifjyKpkawmfrlonf/ av;qlaom bk&m;&SifwdkU\ 0wKuHajrwnf;/ Zif;r,fajrum;ta&SUudkvm;aomf ausmfuonf;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? ta&SU awmifum; pEmyl&DajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifum;'Gg&m0wD ,dk;',m;ajrESifh ausmcdkif;? taemufawmifum; rkwrajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufum; rdk;jAJajr ESifhausmcdkif;? taemufajrmufum; usdKif;wHkajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufum; usdKif;onfvl;wq,fhESpfyefem;ajrwkwfOD;wnfajrESifhausmcdkif;wnf;/

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1692

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300

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5 October 1692

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307

13 January 1694

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13 January 1694

ou&mZf 1055 ck jymodkvjynhfausmf 13 &uf 0 aeY aZ,swref jyefonfhtrdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munhf 98-171- 7 ay)

308

8 July 1694

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309

8 July 1694

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310

8 July 1694

aomfvnf; trdefY&onf nDvnf;xrf;&Guf&Snf&Sdrnf xrf;&GufuHkrnfnD jzpfonf udk0f&nfom trdefYawmf&Sdavonfoabmjzpfonf? nDwdk0fudk0f omquf tpnftwdkif; pD;xrf;ap[l r,lom? nDvnf;t&nftjcif; wrf;&nf&Guf&nf&Sdonf nDpD;xrf;&vdrfhrnf? om;t&nftjcif; xrf;&nf &Guf&nf&Sdvnf; om;pD;xrf;&vdrfhrnf? om;udk0frxrf;apESihf nDudk0fom xrf;aprpD&ifom? a&SUodk0ftrSKawmfudk0f rxrf;apESihf nDudk0fom xrf;aprpD &ifom? a&SUodk0ftrSKawmfudk0f xrf;&GufEdkifrnfh olukd0faxmufcsifh ompD; oihfonf nDpD;xrf;oifhonf udk0fqdk0foifh&m pD;xrf;appD&if&rnf? 0efwdk0frSm qdkifoifh&mpD&if? jrif;0efjrif;pga&;wkd0fudk0fvnf;jyef/
8 July 1694

ou&mZf 1056 ck 0gqdk0fvjynfhausmf 12 &uf 1 aeY trdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munhf 98-171-7 ay)

311

4 May 1679

bkef;awmftvTefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefYawmf&Sdonf/ trdefYawmf ppfw&m;olBuD; w&m;ppfNrdK0f0ef 0efpkwdk0f wGif w&m;pum;qkdifqdk0fvQif vufbufxkyftrsm;ay;&onf pD&if NyD;vQifvnf;NyD;vufbuwfaMu; 10? 10 ausmfudk0f0,f ay;&onf rSefonf? Mum;awmfrlaomaMumihf ppfar;aomfw&m;qkdif vufbufxkyf trsm;ay;&onf NyD;vufbufrSmvnf; aMu; 10? 10 ausmfbkd;0,f ay;&onfrSefonf? onftwdkif; ray;apESihf NrdK0fpm; &Gmpm; wdkY0fwGif qdk0fqdkvQif w&m;qdk0fvufbufaMu; 25d bdk; NrdK0fpm;&Gmpm;rSm wxkyfw&m;cHk wxkyfpm; wxkyfa&SUae wxkyfrif;ap wxkyfonfomay;? onfhjyifray;apESihf? w&m;NyD;vufbufrSmvnf; pD&if EdkifoolaMu; 5 bdk; vufbufom;ukd0fcsdef ay;ap? qefESifhrcsdefapESihf? rif;appm;[lvnf; ray;apESihf HSK;oolwkd0fuvnf;NyD; vufbufray;apESihf? aMu; 5 bdk;xGuf wefatmifomEdkifoolwdk0fu ay;apqdk0f&mwGif udk0foma0NrJ tbdk;a0 ,lap? vufbufayg a&S;cJhodk0fEdkifjcifjzpfaomfrlum; vufbufom 2 ay; ap? onftrdefYawmftwdkif; rwnfrNyD;? vufbufudk aMu; 5 bkd;xufvGef 0,fap&aomf a&mif;olwkd0fudk0fvnf;vGef a&mif;ap&aomf tacs&Sdrnf rrSwfESihf? w&m;wabmifqdk0f Mu&mrSmtrSKonfryg w&m;cHESihfrqdk0fapESihf? acgif;&ifvnf;rvdkufapESifh? a&SUaeESpfa,mufrac:apESihf? 0efpkNrdKU0fpm; &Gmpm;qkdif&mqkd0fap? rNyD;vQifqdk0fonfht&modk0f ydk0faptrdefYawmf&SdavNyD; onfudk0f qefvGef rwnf&vQif 0efpkNrdK0fpm;&Gmpm;wkd0fvnf;&ifrnf? cHkudk0fvnf;owfjypfrnf/
4 May 1697

ou&mZf 1059 ck uqkefvjynhfausmf 10 &uf 3 aeY trddefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munhf 98-171-7 ay)

312

2 September 1699

bkef;awmftvTefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefYawmf&Sdonf/ rkwrawmifil a&TcGefaiGcGefrSp t&yf&yftcGefawmfudk EId;aqmfpD&ifquf&rnf/ rkwrtcGef0ef awmifiltcGef0ef cefYxg;awmfrlav NyD;onf? aiGcGef0efu rpDr&ifrESdK;raqmfomNyD? aiGcGef0efrSm &Srf;jynfjrpfnm taMu 9 &Gm tnm 9 &Gm wl;&Gif;wdkif awmifilrkwrjyif a&Teef;dk; aiGcGef0efcefY?xm;awmfrlonf? tcGefudkqufoGif;ap? rkwrawmifil tcGefrSm tcGef0efcefYxm; &SdavNyD;onf? rkwrawmifil tcGef0efu qufoGif;ap? 0efwkdUu aiGcGef0ef rkwrtcGef0ef awmifiltcGef0efwkdUudkjyef/
2 September 1699

ou&mZf 1061 ck awmfovif;vjynhfausmf 5 &ufaeY a&TvTwf awmfodkU em;cHajymhBuD;rSL; wrefompnfjyefonhf trdefYawmf/ (prL'DyOaqmif;? rsuf 82)

313

17 November 1699

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314

17 November 1699

qufoGif;ap/ ou&mZf 1061 ck eawmfvqef; 7 &ufaeY17 November 1699 a&TvTwfawmfodkU em;cHeEwrefjyefonfh trdefYawmf (prL'DyOaqmif;? rsuf 79)

315

19 January

1715

rdwDvmNrdKUpm; aersdK;pnfol r,m;vSjrwfpHonf tpk&if;obifujzpfonf/ OD;&D;awmfESihfuHpyf vifr,m;jzpf&mwGif om;iOumudk arG;jrifonf? iOumudkvnf; Mumyef;ndK&Gmudk oem;awmfrl csD;jrSifhawmfrlonff? aersdK;pnfol r,m;vSjrwfpHudk a&TyguGrf;cGuf &Spfaxmifhvbuftdk; waumif;ydwfrkd;BudK;axG;tif oem;awmfrlonf? aersdK;pnfoluawmf wGifap/ ou&mZf 1076 ck wydkwGJvqef 12 &uf (3) aeY4 January 1715 em;cHajymhBuD;rSL; jyef (0ufrpGwfpgpk)

316

19 January

1715

ou&mZf 1076ck wydkwGJvjynfhausmf7&ufaomMumaeU (19 January 1715) bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ qifMunfwdkuft0if? t&mawmftHk;? uGrf;? iSufMuD;odkuf &Gmajry,f 500? t&mawmfacsmif; apmufvufyHy,f 800? t&mawmf tif;vsm;y,f 520 ajre,f&Gmonfta&SUudkvm;aomf 2wdkifausmfcefUuGm qifjzLacsmif;twifabmfeif;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? ta&SUawmifudkvm;aomf 3wdkif ausmfcefUuGmcdkifacsmif;jrpfi,f tv,faMumwbuf&ufref;&ufqm;ajrESifh ausmcdkif;? taemufawmifudkvm;aomf 2wdkifausmfcefUuGm waeighykwfacsmif; 0jrpfi,fxdwbuf owDuRJebm;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufudkvm;aomf 2wdkifausmfcefUuGm EGm;bdkUawmifajc&if;waeighykwfacsmif;zsm; ausmufyHkxd wbufowDuRJem;bm;&GmajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufajrmufudkvm;aomf 2wdkifausmfcefUuGm rif;wJacsmif;Muufacgif;wif anmifyif&Gmxdwbuf owDuRJem;bm;&Gm t&mawmfajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf 2wdkif ausmfcefUuGm vufao;acsmif;xdwbuf qifMunfwdkufqnfMuD; ighausmfxGef;wdkifaqmfpD&ifeufajrESifhausmcdkif;? ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf 3wdkifausmfcefUuGm 0g;jzLawmifwifusnfusyfabmifxdwbufabmfeif; t&mawmfajrqnfMuD; ighausmfxGef;wdkifaqmfpD&ifeufajrESifhausmcdkif;? 4if;e,f4&yf 8&yftwGif;wGif tay:0eftaumuftpm; w&m;uGrf;bdk;t&m ajry,fe,fOD;a&wdkifol&if; pm&if;ustdrfajcusm;MuD;usm;i,f rMuD;ri,f awmuJtdk;pm;MuD;vkyfom; v,fy,frsdK;usuRJ&Snf;yef;opfoD; tcGefawmf t&mawmfudk a&S;rif;{u&mZfvufxufawmfu pD&ifonf/ ou&mZf 900 ausmfu qufoGif;onfhenf;wESpfvQif tcGefawmf 750awmwdkif 1H (,mwdk 1H) t&mawmf uGrf;bdk;awmfESifhpyfqdkiforQ tcGefawmfusk tHk;uGrf;iSufMuD; odkuf 500 t&mawmfacsmif; apmufvufyHy,fe,f 800 t&mawmf tif;vsm; y,f 520tbdk;awmf tcGefawmfudk;wdkifwmudkppf? vufeufudkif wdkifol&if; rif;rIESifhpyf

317

19 January

1715

qdkiforQudk qifMunfwdkuft0if ajre,fjruefqnf em;a#mif;usqnf vkyfom;uRJ&Snf;tdrfajcOD;a& pm&if;xrf;onfhtwdkif; uif;pm;ighausmf xGef;ab;ighoufyHkbdk; igha&Ttdk;bGm;rrdawmfOD;wdkUuonf qnfMuD;ighausmf xGef;wdkifaqmf aumufpm;pD&ifonftwdkif; wvHk;w0wnf; wdkifaqmf t&mawmfESifh pyfqdkiforQudk qufoGif;ap/ ou&mZf 1076ck wydkwGJvjynfhausmf 12&uf Ak'[l;aeU (19 January 1715) a&TvTwfawmfodkU em;cHwrefompnfjyefonfh trdefUawmfwrf;/ (prL'DyOaqmif;? rsuf 79-80)

318

15 February

1716

jrif;ysufv,fcGefawmfudk vTwfawmfu cefUonfum; trSL;tMuD;? aoG;aomufpk? jrif;awmfonf? a&Tyef;yefvTwfapvkvif? vkvifawmfrSL;? vkvifpma&;? qif;&JvS vTwfHk;rwufEdkif tdyfvSnfhtdyfzef r0ifrxGufEdkif? trIxrf;wdkUudk ta&SUbuf taemufbuf awmifbufajrmufbuf? tcGefawmf wESpfwMudrf ta&;tppf cefUawmfrlonf? vlOD;a& 60pD? taemufbufjrif; ysufv,fcGefawmfudk ppfonfum; qm;awmifr'D;wkyf&Gm &Gmom,mjrif;pD;? ukudKvSjrif;pD;? aygufawmjrif;pD;? o&pdrf;jrif;pD;? ulacgif;jrif;pD;? xGwfoifbdkjrif;pD;? vdwfjcif;jrif;pD;? ,if;awm? rkqdk;bdk? ojrif;wdkifeuf? tJxJrJrGefwdkU ajr&yfvnf;&Sdonf/ pnfomjrdKU? rtl? v,fpif? uJyg? wvJyg? v,fMuD;? rSL;em;? yGwfvSdKif? &if;rmuef? &GmopfMuD;? ausmufum? ywyfudkif? yJwl? yJawmif? 'HkZpf? 'HkZ&pfrSp jrif;ysuftcGefawmf&Sd t&Gm&Gm tjrdKUjrdKUudk v,fcGefawmfa&; ppfodrf;cHonf? v,fcGefawmfaMu;udk t&mawmfrSwfom; jrif;pD;wdkUrSm tyfxm;cJhonf? um; taemufbufjrif;ysufv,fcGefawmfa&; cefUawmfrlonfhpm&if;awmf? odkUaom t&mwdkUudk yxrrif;acgifMuD; vufxufa&Twdkufawmf0if pm&if;awmfwnf;/ ou&mZf 765ck e,kefvqef; 10&ufaeU (30 April 1403) &wemyl&wGif yxrrif;acgifMuD; bGJUawmfrlonfum; awmifilwGif &Ja&mifjrefrmonfh olaumif;pkom;ajr;wdkUudk a&G;aumif ewfjrif;wpk? wHaqmif;jrif;wpk? vuf0Jjrif;udk;pk? vusfmrif; ckepfpkudk bGJUawmfrlonf? auwkrwDjrif;wnf;? aemifr[moD&daZ,sol&xyf bGJUawmfrlonf/ ou&mZf 903ck jymodkvqef;7&ufaeU (23 December 1541) [HbGm;ov 0wDjrpfrSm r[moMuFawmf ac:awmfrl&mwGif ewf7Sif? rif;w&m;? &Jabmf? eef;wGif;? eef;OD;? &Srf;wq,fpD;jrif;? a&Tjynfjrif;? 7pkudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ ewf&Sif 20? rif;w&m; 20? &Jabmf 20? (eef;wGif; 20)? eef;OD; 20? &Srf;wq,fpD;jrif; 20? a&Tjynf 20? ou&mZf 955ck ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 5&ufaeU (2 December 1593) jrif;cif;xGufrnfhtcgawmf&Sdonf/ 4if;vqef; 10&ufaeU (22 November 1593) ig;ql

319

15 February

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jrif;bGJUawmfrl jynfjrdKUrSm jyifpnfjrif;? 0&if;wkwfjrif; 2pkudkxm;awmf rlonf? jynfjrdKUwGif ae&onf/ ig;ql'g,umbGJUawmfrlonfum; crnf;awmf [Hom0wDqifjzL&Sif bGJUawmf rlaom 'dkif;udkiftifwa&mfav;axmif? 'dkif;w&mvQif trSL;wpf? 'dkif;udkifav; axmiftrSL;av;&mwdkUudk ou&mZf 959ck jymodkvqef; 10&ufaeU (6 December 1597) xyf bGJUawmfrlonf/ tpk&if;um;rdk;aumif;ESifh cefUwDpyfMum;wGifaeonfh vlpkwdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ Aef;armfESifh rdk;0ef; pyfMum;&Sdonfh vlpkrdk;aumif;ESifh rdk;nif;pyfMum;wGif &Sdonfhvl? [lav? yavmif? ucsif? u&if? vlrnf;? v0? v0dkuf? tifMu,f? &Srf;? ,Gef;? wkyf? w&ufwdkUrSp vlpkwdkUudk 'dkif;udkifxyf bGJUawmfrlonf/ &wemyl& tif;0wGif aMu;pm;oif;rSL;om;ajr;jrpfwdkUudk ewf&Sifjrif;pk 100bGJUawmfrl &Sd&if;ewf&Sifjrif;pk 20ESifh aygif;&Sufxrf;&Guf&onf/ ou&mZf 969ck 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 3&ufaeU (30 July 1607) anmif&rf; jrif; 300? yifv,fjrif;pkwdkUESifh aygif;&Sufxrf;ukefEdkifrnfh vlt0wGif trnf& rSL;rwfom;ajr;wdkUudk anmif&rf;jrif;? yifv,fjrif; pkrSmoGif; aygif;&Sufxrf;&Guf&onf/ &wemyl&t0wGif owdk;rif;apmaqGom;rsdK;om;wdkUudk owdk;aqGom;rsdK;om; jrif;bGJUawmfrl taemufuxrf;&onf/ rdk;aumif;rif;orD;? rdk;nif;rif;orD;wdkUESifh ygonfh&Srf;pkwdkUrSm jrdKU&Gmjyef ykef;a&Smif&mwGif vufraxmuftpkbGJUawmfrl a&SUHk;awmfwGif tjrJae xrf;&Guf&onf/ bHkpHwkvTwfq&mawmfESifh pvif;jrdKUaus;awmpdrf;&Gmjynfpdk;? usD&Gmjynfpdk;? O,OfusD&Gmjynfpdk;wdkUonf 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfa&SU tu&mESpfjyifESifh qdkMu onfh pum;q&mawmfaumufwef;wGif a&T*lpm;clia&TxD;? iaomfukvm; &Gmpm;vlibdkndK? yifomMuHnyfpm;vliaumfpHESifh 38tdrf? podrfpm;vl ibdk;ndKESifh 9tdrf? owdk;oD[olcH ibkef;xifvlpk? ia&TESdKif;ia&TaxG;ia&T

320

15 February

1716

atmifwdkUESifh 51tdrf? usm;MuD;rMuD;usm;i,fri,f tykt&GxdkifwwfoGm; wwfaom a,musfm;rdef;rwdkUudk ou&mZf 1039ck(1677)wMudrf? bdk;awmfbk&m; a&Tu&m;ESifh a&pifawmfoGef; t&HapmifhvSLawmfrlonf/ ou&mZf 1042ck (1680) a&TOrSifawmfom"kac:&mwGif wMudrfa&pifawmf oGef; vSLawmfrlonf/ bHkpHwkvTwfausmif;t&Hapmifhtaygif;tpkwdkUwGif awmpdrf;&GmusD&GmO,Of usD&Gmjynfpdk;i,fwdkUu tonfpkvl rnfol[l *{ef;aumufESKwfap? aumufESKwfonfhvlpkwdkUESifh jynfpdk;i,fwdkUudk a&jydKifap? a&jydKif&mwGif t&HapmifhvlwdkUuay:vQif bHkpHwkvTwfq&mawmfudk rtyfom? jynfpdk;i,f wdkUuay:vQif &mZ0wfudk xif&Sm;atmifpD&if&rnf/ ausmif;vlwdkUudk q&mawmfudk tyf&rnf/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ou&mZf 1077ck waygif;vqef;5&ufaeU (15 February 1716) em;cHpajrmifrSL;wGifjyef/ (0ufrpGwfpmpk? okawoD pmpk)

321

20 February

1716

bk&m;uRefawmf0efwdkU &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifygonfbk&m;? bHkpHwkvTwfausmif; q&mawmfESifh awmpdrf;&GmusD&GmO,OfusD&Gmjynfpdk;i,fwdkUudk bk&m; trdefUawmfjrwftwdkif;jyefvQif a&T*lpm;vl ia&TxD;wdkUESifh a&rjydKif0Hhyg? 0efcsxGufqdkaomaMumifh ia&TxD;ESifht0iftyg t&Hawmfapmifh ESpfxyf vSLawmfrl&m yg0ifoolwdkUudk usm;MuD;rMuD;usm;i,fri,f pm&if;awmfESifh wuG bHkpHwkvTwfq&mawmfudk tyfygonfhtaMumif;udk &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD; wifygonfbk&m; twGif;awmfodkU avQmufpmoGif;&mwGif 0efwdkUpD&ifonf? oifhjyD/ ou&mZf 1077ckwaygif;vqef;10&ufaeU (20 February 1716) rm;cHajymhMuD;rSL;wGifjyef/ (0ufrpGwfpmpk? okawoDpmpk)

322

14 February

1715

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rkwrtcGefawmfquf uRefawmfrsdK; qif;&Jom;wdkUonf toG,ftoG,ft00&SdaMumif;udk a&Tem;awmfMum;awmfrl&onf/ awmifil rkwrjrdKU0eftcGef0ef oD;jcm;cefUxm; &SdavjyD;onfudk toG,foG,f t00 r&SdapESifh? tcGefawmfESifh pyfqdkifonfudk jrdKU0ef tcGef0efwdkUu MunfhI tcGefpma&;wdkUu qifjrJtpOf &Sdonfhtwdkif; a&Tb0g;awmfjrwfatmuf a&TwdkufawmfrSm oGif;ap/ ou&mZf 1076ck waygif;vjynfhausmf9&ufaeU (14 February 1715) emcHompnf wrefa&TvTwfawmfodkUjyefonf/ anmifa&Twyfaygif;pm; Zmaygif;pm; t0iftygpD;pm; apmifhae xrf;&Guf&onf/ (prL'DyOaqmif;? rsuf 98)

323

24 November 1716

bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&Teef;dk;aiGcGef0ef rkwr tcGef0efawmifil tcGef0ef wdkUrSm ab;avmif;awmf bdk;avmif;awmf crnf;awmfwdkUvufxufawmf tpOf&Sdonftwdkif; tcGefawmfudk qufoGif;ap? awmifil rkwrrSm tcGef0efcefUxm; &SdavjyD;onfh tcGef0efwdkUu ESdK;aqmf qufoGif;ap? aiGcGefrSm txufrif;{u&mZfwdkU vufxufawmfu ESdK;aqmfpD&if&onfh twdkif; tcGefawmfudk qufoGif;ap? tcGef0efwdkUuom pD&iftkyfcsKyf xrf;&Gufap? 0efwdkUu aiGcGef0ef awmifil rkwr tcGef0efwdkUudkjyef/ ou&mZf 1077ck ewfawmfvqef;10&ufaeU (24 November 1716) em;cHaZ,wrefjyef/ awmifilu&ifrSL; [JZHausmfESifh [JurefydkufwdkU\ awmifile,frS aiGcGefawmf cGefaoquf&yHk 1086ck (1724) ppfwrf;xGufcsufudk yl;wGJaz:jyygonf/ u&ifrSL;? [JZHausmf? eH? Mumoyaw;? touf 66[Jurefydkuf u&ifrSL;cG paetouf 75olwdkUudk e,faoy,faoOD;a& pm&if;twdkif; xrf;&onf/ odef;cHqufoGif;onfhumv? tuJ;tydkxrf;pm;? a&;pm;usjyifwESpfudk 16 tcGefr 20? yef;opfoD;awmpdrf;? jrufrnf;ckwfvkyfwDxGiforQ tpGwf tajcmuftbdkUawmf tcGefawmfudk? aiGcGefawmfom; i&Srf;vHk i&Srf;onf wdkUudk cefU qufaponfhpmwrf;? y,faoOD;a& pm&if; 1000d waxmif? tcGefawmfaiG 750d? qufoGif;dk;u&if 12? aoG;aomuf 4if;? acgif;wdkUrSm cH awmifila&Teef;r*FvmaiGcGefawmfudk qufyg&onf/ (prL'DyOaqmif;? rsuf 82-3? tkyfcsKyfyHk? p? 1976? ydk'f528^4? pm287)

324

20 June

1718

bHkomwkvGwf q&mawmfuoGif;onfh arwmpmwGif a0VK0efausmif;awmf 'g,umonf ig;xyfkyfxkawmfMuD;udk wnfawmfrl&mwGif irlcrf;r,m; pdkifwG,f? ib,fausmfr,m; ZHyHkwdkUESifh t0iftyg vlOD;a& 100ausmf ,Gef;pkom;wdkUudk oifykwfawmfuyf tvSLawmf todrf;tqnf;cefUxm; umv t&Snf&Sdonf/ ,ckrS t&Sifwjcm;&Sdonf tpkcsKyftpkudkif &Sdonfqdk ausmif;awmfwGif tapmifhtae aeUnnfhr&Sd kyfxkawmfwGif udk,fawmf a&Tausmif;awmf a&trsm;udk cdk;olwdkUu,l rSKom rwifhw,f &Sdonfh taMumif;udkoGif;onf/ ab;awmfig;xyfa0VK0ef 'g,umvufxuf ig;xyfbk&m;udk wnfawmfrl&mwGif oifykwfawmf uyftvSLawmf todrf; tqnf;irlcrf;r,m;pdkifwG,f? ib,fausmfr,m; ZHyHkwdkUESifh vlOD;a& 100ausmfwdkUonf t&Sif&Sdonf tpkcsKyftpkudkif &Sdonfqdk bk&m;rSm tapmifhta&Smufr&Sd cdk;olwdkUonf udk,fawmfa&Tausmif;awmf a&TwdkUudk wdkuf,l rIom rwifhw,f &Sdygonf/ oifykwfawmfuyftvSLawmf odrf;jrJirlcrf;vifr,m; ib,fausmf vifr,m;wdkUudk 0efwdkUar;jref; ppfaMum rSefvQif ig;xyfa0VK0efausmif;rSm apmifhjrJapmifhap? bHkom wkvGwfausmif; q&mawmf oCFmppfonfh pm&if;udk tyf&onf/ ou&mZf 1080jynfh 0gqdkvqef; 5&uf6aeU (20 June 1718) emcHajymhMuD;rSL;jyef/ (okawoDpmpk? 0ufrpGwfpmpk)

325

14 May

1720

bHkomwkvGwfausmif; q&mawmfESifh xlygHkapwD0wfodrf;wdkUpum;rSm 0denf;"dk&fZdepuygv q&mawmf aumuf,lonfhpmwrf;wGif ou&mZf 1015ck waygif;vqef;6&uf0aeU (11 February 1654) ig;xyfbk&m; 'g,umawmfrif;w&m; bHkomwkvGwfausmif;udkaqmufonf/ ou&mZf 1017ck (1655)o'"roD&dyk*dKvfawmfjrwftm; 'gXmem*&mZ*kkoH wHqdyfawmftyf ausmif;awmfudk wifvSLaomtcg xef;7000? anmif 700jyifywf0ef;jrpfqdyfwavsmHajrmHbuf ukudK&Gmxm;,Gef;pk tJrGefuGefom; ipH? yaxG;? iokwfwmwdkUESifh vlOD;a& 20aygif;rsm;udk t&Hawmfapmifh a&Tu&m;ESifh a&pufawmfoGef;cs vSLawmfrlonf/ pma[mif;vufpGJwifjy onf/ xlygHkapwDawmf0wfodrf;wdkUuvnf; ou&mZf 806ck (1444)xlygHk apwDawmfudk wnf&mwGif ta&SUoHvsufOD;? awmifjrpfi,fausmwcsrf;? taemufrdacsmif;wufacsmif;? ajrmufpMuFacsmif;us[l ausmufpmwGufe,f tydkif; tjcm;udk jyonfhtwdkif; rdausmif;wufacsmif;udk pmwrf;pma[mif; udkMunfh&mwGif eE0efO,mOfawmftaemifawmifaxmifhua&0ifonfh acsmif; dk;awmifodkUoGm; ewfpufa&mif'dkif;pkom;wdkUaeonfh tuGufodkU &Gmv,fudk (jzwfvsuf) tdrfa&SUawmfygydEJ O,mOfawmfudkabmuf {&m0wDjrpfodkU acsmif;dk;qif;onfhtwdkif; ta&SUbufxlygHkapwD0wKuH odrf;wdkUuydkifap? &ap? bHkomwkvGwfausmif;q&mawmfrSm ajrudkvSLawmf rlonfr[kwfjyif ywf0ef;jrpfqdyfwavsmufudkom vSLawmfrlonf/ ajrmuf bufukudK&Gmudk ajrESifhwuG vSLawmfrlonf/ qdyfwavsmufrSm tay:0efudk q&mawmfu&ap? ydkifap? ajrmufukudK&GmrSm &GmESifh vltJrGefuGefomipH? yaxG; iokwfwmwdkUESifh aygif;OD;a& 20? pm;uGufpm;usif; opfawmtif; v,f,majrwdkUudk&ap? ydkifap? pma[mif;pmwrf;&SdavjyD;onf/ txl; rpD&ifom? 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmfpD&if pD&ifaumuf,lonfhtwdkif; wnf jyD;jywfap&rnf? oifhjyD? 0wfwdkUpD&if/ ou&mZf 1082ck e,kefvjynfhausmf5&uf (14 May 1720) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;jyef/ (okawoDpmpk? 0ufrpGwfpmpk)

326

20 Oct0ber

1721

tnmoD[awmf0wfodrf;ESifh omoempdk;wdkUonf 0wKuHajraMumif; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmfa&SUqdkMuonfh pum;rSm q&mawmfaumuf,lonfh t&mwGif oD[awm0wfodrf;ue,ftydkif;tjcm;udkjyap? pmwef;xm;onfh twdkif; 0wfodrf;jyonfh e,fonfum; bk&m;&if;u taemufbufodkUvm; aomf ydkufaxmifMuD;? 4if;uawmifodkUvm;aomf ydkufaxmifi,f? 4if;u awmifodkUvm;aomf jrpfrem;ausmufaqmif? 4if;utaemufodkUvm;aomff odrfausmufwdkif? 4if;utaemufodkUvm;aomf EGm;ul;qdyf? 4if;uawmifodkU vm;aomfuefUvefUawmifqD;? 4if;uta&SUawmifodkUvm;aomf e*g;oli,f? 4if;uvm;aomf 0Jracsmif; taemufudk ausmufwdkif? 4if;uawmifudkvm; aomf MuD;rif;w&m;? 4if;uvm;aomf &Sm;wdkifao &Sm;wdkif&Sif? 4if;u taemufodkUvm;aomf ayguftdkifa&Twefqmbk&m;&Sif ajrESifhausmcdkif;? 4if;uajrmufodkUvm;aomf acsmif;avmif;yifatmuf ausmufwdkif? 4if;u vm;aomf vSnf;yGJpcef;ysuf? 4if;uta&SUodkUvm;aomf wdef;nufvQdK? 4if;uta&SUodkUvm;aomf acsmif;i,fausmufzsm? 4if;uta&SUodkuvm;aomf jrpfem;ausmufrnf;? 4if;ujrpfta&SUbuf yef;bJ&Gmta&SUodkUvm;aomf tifwdkufomausmufwdkif? 4if;uvm;aomf ausmufykwD;? 4if;uvm;aomf ausmufwGJ? 4if;utaemufawmifodkUvm;aomf ausmufpkyef;wif? 4if;u awmifodkUvm;aomf anmifyifpnfMuD;qGJ? 4if;uvm;aomf &Srf;oHawmif? &Sifv,fvufMuyf? 4ifluawmifodkUvm;aomf uRef;MuD;ig;yif awmifv,fjyif 4if;utaemufodkUvm;aomf acsmif;aumufaumufpif;pif;? 4if;uvm;aomf {&m0wDtifuwdol<u,fvkyfeufu ajrmufodkUvm;aomf av;wmawmif? 4if;uta&SUodkUvm;aomf EG,fwef;MuD; EG,fwef;i,fajrdk; ukef;awmifudk axmufracsmif;? 4if;uta&SUodkUvm;aomf {&m0wDaMum q,fzsm;usif;ajr wdkifrdcsif;wdkufeufajrmufodkUvm;aomf ydwfoG,f0? ta&SUodkUvm;aomf tifyifMuD;awmrif;vrf;awmif a&jzLacsmif; wkyfw&uftaemufausmuf

327

20 October

1721

3wdkiftaemufpnfolajrmif;aygif? taemufajemufaxmifha&0if a&us uefayguf&GmoefolMuD;wdkifeufajrmufudk usnfawmifausmufwdkif? a&S; ausmufukef; ausmufzsmawmifudk 0oJacsmif; taemufukef;wef; pnfom&SifruefewfMuD; atmufausmufwdkif? pnfomuefzsm;qifOD;wdkuf v,fozef;tif;qHkv,fu qifxdk;tdkif taemufqiftif;qHkvrf;jcm; awmifwrmcg;jrdKUyifwifolMuD;wdkifeuf odrfuefoifykwfv,f ipHkaMum ra[mfoxma&uef aqmufuef[l oD;oefUydkif;jcm;jyonf? omoempdk; urSmomoemydkift&mESifh qdkonfudk axmufvQif wk&Gif;awmifajc owif;oHk;aom 0denf;"dk&fwdomoe"&oarm"dq&mawmf aumuf,lcsuf twdkif; oD[awm0wfodrf;iMumu&ap? ydkifap? 0efwdkUpD&if/ ou&mZf 1083ck wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 12&ufaeU (20 October 1721) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;wGifjyef/ (0ufrpGwfpmpk)

328

23 February

1722

&wemrkedapwD0wfodrf;auwk"ZESifh rif;&JausmfpGmr,m; a&Tyef;awmpm; qdkMuonfhpum;rSm 0denf;"dk&fZdepuygvq&mawmf aumuf,l&mwGif auwk"Zue,frSm ta&SUrD;acsmif;wufacsmif; ta&SUbufxlygHkajrESifh ausmcdkif;? taemufomxef;&Gmacsmif;ta&SUzuf? awmif{&m0wDjrpf ausmwjcrf;? ajrmufanmifyifukum? e,fav;&yfowf jyonfhtwdkif; pD&ifaumuf,lonfudk a&Tyef;awmpm;u oabmrwlaMumif;ESifh r[m'gPf 0ef pma&;wdkUu &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wif&mrSm &wemrkedapwDawmfudk 'kwd,rif; acgifwnfonf? rif;{u&mZfaumif;rIawmfjzpf e,fav;&yfESifh vSLawmfrl avjyD;onf? a&Tyef;awmpm;apmAnm;usef;awmudk ab;awmfig;xyf 'g,umonf odrforkwf&mwGif e,fowfay;onfqdk\/ e,ftydkif;tjcm; um;odomatmifowf ay;oem;awmfrlonf r[kwfacs. odrforkwfHkrQ ay;awmfrlonfhpma[mif; pmwrf;udk a&Tyef;awmpm;ujyap? rjyrqdkEdkif &wemrked0wfodrf;auwk"Zu&ap? ydkifap? 0efwdkUpD&if/ ou&mZf 1083ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 5&uf6aeU (23 February 1722) em;cHpajrmifrSL;jyef/ (okawoDpmpk? 0ufrpGwfpmpk)

329

6 March

1725

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330

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1726

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331

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332

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333

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1728

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334

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1728

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335

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1728

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8 June 1728

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8 June 1728

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340

8 June 1728

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341

25 April

1729

om;awmf yif;wvJrif;om;udk tdrfa&SUawmf a0gMuD;usdKif;a&Tcsuf4? xm;vdkufvkvifpnf2? pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkifrSp tdrfa&SUrif;wdkU aqmifdk; pD;dk; aoGmHpkjrif;pkrSp tdrfa&SUrif; aqmif&GuforQwdkUudk oem;awmfrlonf/ avSmfum;a&TpufuGif;jyOfhcifw,if a&TAdef;wGif pjrHKteDtpGrf;ajymufxk? wk&ifwuf trdk;a&TyGifh 0rf;bJawmifacgiftkyfacgifoefMuufayHga&TAdef;tdrf a&SUaqmifaqmifawmf tpHkoem;awmfrlonf/ tdrfa&SUtdrfawmf raqmHapESifh? aejrJtdrfwGif a&SUaemufrm&bifqD; aeESifhap? 0if;jrif;uyf twuf uGyfypfpD? ywfvOfaumif[efwef;ESifh apmifhaeap? twGif;jrJrlom; rwfom; wdkUudk tdyfvSnfhtdyfzef 0if;vGwfapmifhaeap? 0ef 2? pma&;MuD;2? 0if;rSL; 1? taemH0ef 2? t0ef;pma&; 2wdkUrSmvnf; 0if;awmftwGif;wGif qifhomHkpa&; 1 aqmH aeESifhap? pD&ifbG,f&Sdonfrsm;udk pDpOfap? 'DyJ&if;jrdKU awmifwGif; MuD;jrdKU pnfhuljrdKUudk oem;awmfrlonf? om;awmf toHk;awmfudkifcHap/ ou&mZf 1091ck uqkefvqef; 10&ufaeU (25 April 1729) emcHajymhMuD;rSL;xkwf vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (qif 33)

342

10 May

1729

aZ,swk/ / a&S;xHk;pH&Sdonfhtwdkif; iom;awmfpOfhul;rif;udk tdrfa&SUt&m aqmifESif;awmfrlrnf tdrfa&SUESif; pmwef;a[mif;udkMunfh oif;pk0if;pk a&G;jc,f&efxm;&H trSKrsm;ESifh aqmHvkufpD&if&H&Sdonfrsm;udk pma[mif;xHk;pH &SdonfESifhtnD rusHr<uif;&atmif ,ckuaphaphikik jyefqdkpD&if? aqmHESif; awmfrlrnfh aeUvtcg ESpf&ufrSmvnf; 1091ck uqkefv (April 1729) oifhjrwfaMumif;udk ynm&SdwdkUu avQmHonftcg aeU&ufudkaxmufvnf; apmfyGm;jrdKUpm; ta0;jrdKU0ef ppfuJwdkUudk aphikatmif apygjyefqdkrSmxm;jrJ jyefqdkrSmxm;&rnf/ trdefUawmftwdkif; jyefqdkrSmxm; oMuZf 1091ck awmfovif;vqef;2&uf5aw;aeU (13 August 1729) eHeuf4csufwD;ausmf 1em&D1yg'f 1ADZmjynfhvQif tdrfawmfjirf;opfxlonf/ 4Fvqef; 6&uf2vm aeU eHeuf 1csufwD;ausmf 3em&D 2yg'f 5ADZemjynfhvQif tdrfawmfwGif 0ef;onfwdkifxlonf/ tdrfa&SUrif;wdkUvufzGJUawmfrl&ef a&G;jc,f&Hxm;onfrSm 0ef2twGif;0ef 2 taemH0ef 1? 0if;rSL; 1? em;cH 1? pma&;MuD; 3? jA[moHcH 2? wvdkif;oHcH 2? &Srf;oHcH 1? pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif &xm;vdkuf 12? jrif;pma&; 2? aemHawmfygjrif;pktuHk? qifrSL; 1? qifpcsD 2? qifawmfonf 12? vufaqmif,lrSL; 3? vufaqmif,lvdkuf pma&; 2? jrif;vufaqmif a&; 2? tonfpma&; 1? tajrmufpma&; 2? 4if;tpkom; 100? aoewfpm a&; 2? aoewfpdk; 2? pdkU4if;tpkom; 300? a0grSL;? a0gaoGmH? 4if;trSKxrf;i,f 50? MudKif;awmfpGJi,f 20? twGif;tjyif trSL;trwf taqmifjrJ aoGmHpk? jrif;awmfonf tdrfa&SUrif;pm;awmfquf? tajrmufpk aoewfpka0gxrf;MudKif;awmfpGJ? a0gawmf 1? MudKif;awmf 6csuf? taqmifuGrf;cGuf &Spfajrmifh ywjrm; 3&pfpDvbuftdk;&Spfaxmifh? ywjrm; 3&pfpD? wacgif;bHk&Spfaxmifh ywjrm; 3&pfpD? a&Tom;axG;tif? aq;'gef ywjrm;pD? aq;MuKyfa&Tom;ajymH? &yfdk;&Snft&Guftem;a&Txnfh? tv,fa&Tvkwf? tdk;a&Ttdrf? taqmifeDudkif vl 10? taqmifeDvSH&Snf? eD;yg;tdrfoGyfvSHvQif 10? eDyg;xnftdrfESifh aoewfeD;yg;xnftdrfoGyf? armHwdktdrfygteDokwf?

343

10 May

1729

twifawmf 2F 2d a&Tay carmuf twifawmf teDokwf? twifawmf 2F2d? ppfwOfbl; 1? wrkwfMudK;rdk;eDuGefMum&Suf? &wemaMumiftdrf? aMumifESifh &wemydkuf? aMumiftdrfydkuf? orD;unm&? a&SUawmfjrJ 16? avomjrJ 10? y&dwfembwfjrJ 10? vufwdkufpdk; 1? 4if;pma&; 2? yef;yGwfwdkufpdk; 1? 4if;pma&; 2? vufeufwdkufom; 10? 'dkif;pma&;2? yef;yGwfwdkufom; 10? 'dkif; 20? avSmfum;eDavSmfvl? ol&Jyvmy0ufpk? 'dkif; 100? vTm; 100? uwkwf 50? a&av; 100? tajrmHMuD;i,f 50? aoewf 100? tajrmHrSL;ESifh awmiftiftajrmHpk? jynftajrmHpk? r*fvmusDawmf 1? usDpdk;1? pma&; 2? vSdKifpk 10? jrif;awmf 10? jrif;rSL; 1? jrif;pcsD 2? jrif;awmfpD; 2? jrif;aq;orm;1? jrif;awmfcH 2? qifayHg 10? qifr 10? pm;awmfcJ 2? pm;awmfcsuf 10? taemHtoHk;wdkufpdk;1? wdkifpma&; 2? a&SUawmfajy;rSL; 1? t0Sef;i,fom; 100? rEeform; 2? aq;orm; 2? ynm&Sd2? y&dwfawmf&Gwf 2? tyform; 10? vTmorm; 10? ppfpOform; 2? a&Torm; 5? yj*D5? yef;yk 5? y,H5? eef;ydum 2? vuform; 10? yef;yGwf 10? qifpG,fyGwf 5? ausmHaoG; 5? aoewftdrfvkyf5? av;vuform; 5? avSax;orm; 5? tcsKyf5? pnf 12? bHkom 10? pnf0ef5? ajrmHpnf4? vufcsyf 5? ckoif; 1? wHydk;wef&SOf 2? wef>rmc&m 2? wydk; 2MuD; oajy1? jA[mywfqdkif; 1? wvdkif;ywfqdkif; 1 tu 10? taqmf 2? tutjidrfh 2,H? aw;qdkrdef;r ynmonf pma&; 2? rsufESmjcOfMudyfrdefr&? tdrfy&dwfjcOfpdwf rdefr 5? tdrfacg &ufa,musfm; 2? tdrfaxmifhcsif 27tdrf? uGrfpOf rdr uvyfap 10? tdyf&mawmfcif; rdr10? 0wfvJawmfodrf; rdr 10? pm;awmfjyif rdr 20? vufyg;awmfap rdr10? yGJawmfaumH rdr10? tcsDawmf 2? txdef;awmf 4? tysdKawmf 10? atmHtapcHoli,fawmf 10? a&awmfcyf 10? EdkUnpfEGm; 100? ,Gefpkaumif;[H 5? ig;tdk;pm;? rSHK refaumif[H 12 Adkvfxm;ta&SUwHcg;rSL; iJ 10? taemHwHcg;rSL;iJ 10? uHauR;cHipOfh uljrdKU 'DyJ,if; jrdKUawmifwGif;MuD; jrdKUrkwraus;y@m? oMum;

344

10 May

1729

ikyfy@m5? y0gwdk; 5? tHk;vGyf 5? c0gyGwf5? yef'def 10? a&SUHk;ap 5? aemHHk;ap 5? pm;awmfqHyGwf 5? a&Tcsdef 10? aigcsdef 100? a&Txnf aigxnf tkyfrsdK; xnfrsdK; toHk;taqmiftuHkvufzGJUawmfrl&H ,GefaygifykvydkufwGif a&;onf/ 1091ck uqHkvjynfhausmf 10&uf5aw;aeU (10 May 1729) eHeuf 1csufwD;ausmf 4em&D 2yg'f 5ADZemjynfhvQif tdrfa&SUESif;tcgawmf &onfhtwdkif; 0efMuD;0efaxmH rSL;awmfrwfawmf taygif;wdkU 0if&onfh tcgawmf rwdkifrSD eef;awmfwGif om;awmf pOfhul;rif;udk aumif;rGHavQmHonfh wHqmywjrm;? qHpOfqif,if y&dwfawmfem&onf? tdrfa&SUESif;awmf rlrnf? oifhjrwfaomr*Fvmtcgawmf jynfhpHkjyD; bk&m;emcHaysmhMuD;rSL; avQmH&onf/ tdrfa&SUESif;onfh ,Gef;aygifykvydkuf trdefUawmfwrf;udk 0efMuD; aersdK;aZ,saemf&xmjyef&onf/ (qif 33)

345

24 October

1736

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346

16 April

1743

cHawmausmif;q&mawmf arwmpmoGif;onf w&m;rif;jrwf? q&mawmf rddbaygufabmfaqGom;rsdK;om; 45wdkUonf cHawm&Gm jynfpdk;ajrwdkifwdkU pD&ifpkjzpf tonfrSm xrf;&onf/ trSKtcif; toG,foG,f t00rsm;vS ay;qHk&onf? q&mawmf rdbaygufabmf aqGom;rsdK;om; OD;a& 45vlwdkU onf aMu;wifuRefjzpfom; epfajr;rGef;&Sdonf? b0&Sif tonfuEkwf ewf&Sifjrif;rSm xrf;yg&rnf trSKawmfay:xGuforQwdkUudk &Sd&if;jrif;pD;wdkU enf;xrf;&Gufyg&aprnfhtaMumif;udk arwmpmoGif;onf w&m;rif;jrwf? cHawmq&mawmfuoGif;onf? pmwGif OD;a& 45 ygonf/ q&mawmf rdbaygufabmfaqG&if;rsdK;jcm vlOD;a& 30wdkUudk ewf&Sifjrif;pkrSm xrf;&Guf ap? cHawm&Gmjynfpdk; ajrwdkifwdkU tkyfpkacgif;euf tonfrSm wdkifpm&if;bGJUbufcifaomfvnf; q&mawmf rdbaygufabmf aqG&if;rsdK;jcm OD;a& 30wdkUudk Ekwf&rnf/ ou&mZf 1105ck uqkefvqef;57uf 0aeU (16 April 1743) em;cH pajrmifrSL;jyef/ (0ufrpGwfpmpk)

347

21 April

1743

atmifajrpHvGwfq&mawmf arwmpmoGif;onf r[m"r&mZf w&m;rif;jrwf? a&ajrocif b0&Sif bdk;awmfrmefatmif &wem'g,umawmfvufxuf q&mawmfudk yxrOD; txl;csD;jrifhawmfrl rdbaqGom;csif;wdkUudk rif;&Jjrif; rSm xrf;&Gufap trdefUawmfudk OD;xdyf&Guf&onfhtwdkif; q&mawmf rdbESr nDraqGom; rsdK;om; OD;a& 55wdkUudk xrf;&Gufygonfudk rif;0Hav;xyf q&mawmfwGif bdk;ab;rdbwdkUvufxuf ausmif;rSDpm&if; raMuqdk q&mawmfwGif bdk;ab;rdbwdkUvufxuf ausmif;rSDpm&if;raMuqdk q&mawmf om;csif;wdkUudk ac:cs &Sdjyef&onf/ a&ajr&Sifvufxuf q&mawmfwGif ab;bdk;wdkUudk rif;0Hav;xyfausmif;q&mawmf a&;xm;onfh pm&if; ygonfudk zsufacsyg&rS bdk;awmfb0&Sif rif;w&m;trdefUawmf twdkif; wnf t&Snfom;uonfajr;? ajr;uonfjrpf? jrpfuonf tquftEG,fwdkif; rif;&Jjrif;rSm xrf;&Gufyg&rnfhtaMumif;udk arwmpm oGif;ygonf w&m;rif;jrwf/ atmifajrpHvGwf q&mawmfudk bdk;awmfbk&m;vufxuf yOif;awmf yxr OD; jzpf txl;csD;jrifhawmfrl&mwGif rdbaqGom;rsdK;om;wdkUudk rif;0Hav;xyf q&mawmf pD&ifpkuESKwf rif;&Jjrif;pkrSmoGif;onf? pm&if;&SdvQif rif;0H av;xyfq&mawmfwGif &Sdonfh vufpgJpmudkMunfh atmifajrpHvGwf q&mawmf rdbaygufabmf aqGom;rsdK;om;wdkU pm&if;udk0efwdkUu acsap&rnf/ ou&mZf 1105ck uqkefvqef;10&uf 5aeU (21 April 1743) em;cHpajrmifrSL;MuD;jyef/s (okawoDpmpk? 0ufrpGwfpmpk)

348

16 April 1743

rSefpDausmif; yxrq&mawmf aqGom;rsdK;om; i&efatmif? ijynfhpHk? iqkaygif;? ivSausmfwdkU av;a,mufu trIawmfaumif;&m xrf;&Gufygrnfh taMumif;udk vuf0J0if;rSL; eEol&d,u &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifonfhtwdkif; vuf0J0if;awmf'dkif;av;pdkUodkU oGif; av;acgif;om;wdkUudk &Sd&if;'dkif;om;wdkU enf;nDrQatmif 0ifxGuftdyfaeap? trSkKawmfaumif;&mxrf;&Gufap? i&efatmifacgif;pk? ijynfhpHkacgif;pk? iqkaygif;acgif;pk? ivSausmfacgif;pk? OD;a&pm&if;udk vuf0J0if;rSL; eEol&d,udkac: 0efwdkUu tyf&rnf/ ou&mZf 1105ck uqkefvqef;5&uf0aeU (16 April 1743) em;cHpajrmifrSL;jyef/ (okawoDpmpk? 0ufrpGwfpmpk)

349

21 May

1743

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350

23 May

1743

bk&m;uRefawmf0efwdkU &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD; wifygonfbk&m;? 0denf;"dk&fq&mawmf r[mjrwfrkedaemufav;xyfausmif;q&mawmfESifh ausmufrsufolMuD; 0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf a&SUqdkofnhpum;wGif aumufwrf;xm;onfhtcsufudk bk&m;uRefawmfwdkU &Sdcdk;oHawmfoD; wif&mwGif oifhjyD? trdefUawmfjrwfudk OD;xdyfxuf &Guf&onfhtwdkif; ausmufrsufolMuD;u aumufESKwfonfh twdkif; qkoliom&ESifh ausmufrsufolMuD;udka&jydKifpdrfhrnfESpfbufom; wdkUudk a&qdrfhodkUa&mufatmif oGm;ap&mwGif ausmufrsufolMuD; a&rjydKif0Hh &Sd&mwGif iom&udk av;xyfausmif; q&mawmfudk pm&if;us,f pm&if;csKyfESifh OD;a&150? ou&mZf 1105ck e,kefvqef; 12&uf2aeU (23 May 1743) tyfygonfhtaMumif;udk &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifygonfbk&m;? 0efwdkUavQmufonf? oifhjyD/ ou&mZf 1105ck e,kefvqef; 12&uf 2aeU (23 May 1743) em;cHpajymifrSL;jyef/ (okawoDpmpk? 0ufrpGwf pmpk)

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tdrfa&SUausmif;awmf oD&dr[mr*Fv"Z q&mawmf arwmrjywf ydkUtyfaom r[m"r&mZfw&m;rif;jrwf? q&mawmf aqGom;rsdK;om; r[mydEJaqmifawmf xrf;? vufyHzsm;pm;? rqkwfpm;? rusD;pm;? ia&TrHk? ppfudkif;&GmopfaxmifrSL; wdkUudk aemufawmfygwefUusnfpm;aoG;aomHvHkaygufjrif;pkrSm xrf;yg&rnfh taMumif; tpk&if;oli,fawmfqifawmf wvdkif;vkyfyef; ykdk;rS ESKwfawmf rlygrnfhtaMumif;udk arwmpmoGif;onf w&m;rif;jrwf? q&mawmfu oGif;onf vufyefpm;? rqkwfpm;? refusnf;pm; ia&TyHkwdkUudk vHkaygufjrif;pkajrrSmxrf;ap? aemuf0efpD&ifpkoli,fawmf qif0efpD&ifpk ol&J pk tpk&if;u ESKwfawmfrlonf? bGJUbufawmfrlonfh vHkaygufjrif;pkrSm xrf;&Gufap? wvdkif;dk;yef; ykpk ppfudkif;axmifrSL; ixGef;ausmfudk aemufawmfygwefUusnfpm;aoG;aomufrSm xrf;&Gufap? yef;ykwvdkif; tdk;tpnfu ESKwfawmfrlonf? oGif;onf? aoG;aomufrSm xrf;&Gufap/ ou&mZf 1105ck e,kefvjynfhausmf5&uf3aeU (31 May 1743) em;cHpajrmifrSL;jyef/ (okawoDpmpk? 0ufrpGwf pmpk)

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