TCFSH_2014_08

a n+ 1= pan + q
n

n (n+ 1)
2
k=1
n
n (n+ 1)(2 n+ 1)
k 2=
6
k =1
2
n
n(n+ 1)
3
k = 2
k=1

k=

100

http://cplee8tcfsh.blogspot.tw/

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-1/16

1-1

a n a 1 1 () a 2 2 ... a n n

Ex1.
(1) 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,... [ a n+ 1=a n+ 2 ]
(2) 2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256, [ a n+ 1=2a n ]
n
(3) 1,3,7,15,31,63,127,255, [ a n+ 1=2a n+ 1 ][ a n+ 1=a n+ 2 ]
(4) 1,2,4,7,11,16,22,29, [ a n+ 1=a n+ n ]
(5) 0,1,3,6,10,15,21,28, [ a n+ 1=a n+ n ]


Ex2.
a 1=1
(1) 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15, [
]
a n+ 1=a n+ 2

(2) 2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256, [
(3) 1,3,7,15,31,63,127,255, [
(4) 1,2,4,7,11,16,22,29, [
(5) 0,1,3,6,10,15,21,28, [

{
{

a 1=2
]
a n+ 1=2a n

a 1=1
]
a n+ 1=2a n+ 1

{
{

a 1=1
]
a n+ 1=a n+ n
a 1=0
]
a n+ 1=a n+ n

(2)(3) 1
a n =2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256, n 2 n
bn =1,3,7,15,31,63,127,255, n 2 n1
a n=2n b n=2 n1
n a n (n=100 100 )

(A.P.)(Arithmetic Progressions )
a n
1. a n+ 1=a n+ d d
2. a n=a1 + ( n1)d
3. a n=a m+ (nm)d
4. abc
a+ c
b ac b=
2
a , a+ d , a+ 2 d , a+ 3 d , a+ 4 d ,
ad , a , a+ d

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-2/16

(G.P.)(Geometric Progressions )
a n ( r 0 a 10 )
1. a n+ 1=ra n r
2. a n=a 1r n1
3. a n=a mr nm
4. a , b , c abc
b ac b= a c
a , ar , ar 2 , ar 3 , ar 4 ,
a
, a , ar

r
( AM GM )
ab
a b
1. a , b +
2
2. a=b
(H.P.)(Harmonic Progressions )
1
1.
a n ( a n0 )
an
2 ac
2. abc b ac b=
( H.M.)
ac
Ex3. 4km/hr 6km/hr[4.8]

a 2b 2 ab
2 a b (SM AM GM HM)

a b
2
2
ab
(M.I.)(Principle of Mathematical Induction )
1
2
(1) n=1 ()
(2) n=k n=k+1 ()
()
1 n 2n+ 41 ?( 41,43,47,53,61,71,83,97, )
2 1+ 3+ 5+ + (2 n1)=n2+ 1 ?
Real Man!

1.
n( 4 n2 1)
2
2
2
2
1
+
3
+
5
+
+
(
2
n1)
=
Ex4. n
3
n( n+ 1)(n+ 2)
Ex5. n 1n+ 2( n1)+ 3( n2)+ + (n1)2+ n1=
6
8 n 1
4n
Ex6. n 2
2 6
(mean) a , b+

2.
Ex7. n 9n+ 18 n9 64
Ex8. n 102 n + 512n 6 k k [22]

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-3/16

( )
a n+ 1= pa n+ q
Ex9. a n a 1=1 a n+ 1=2 a n+ 1 a n
a 1=1 , a2 =3 , a 3=7 , a 4=15 , a 5=31 , a 6=63, a 7=127 a n=2n 1

(1) n=1 a 1=1=211

(2) n=k a k =2 k 1
n=k+1 a k + 1 =2a k + 1=2( 2k 1)+ 1=2 k+ 11
(3) n N a n=2n 1
3 a n1
a n
4 a n1
2
3
3 1
3 1
n
311 2
3
3
5
4
= a 3=
= a4=
= a n=
a 2=
411 3,
2
5,
3
7,
2 n1
4 1
4 1
3
5

1
(1) n=1 a 1=1=

211
k
(2) n=k a k =
2 k 1
k
3
1
3 a k 1
2 k 1
3 k2 k1
k 1
=
=
=
n=k+1 a k 1=

4 a k 1
k
4 k 2 k 1 2 k 11
4
1
2 k1
n
(3) n N a n=

2 n1

Ex10. a n a 1=1 a n1=

Ex11.
Ex12. 4 15 12 9[10]
Ex13. a n a 1=1 a n+ 1=a n+ 2 n a n [ n 2n+ 1 ]
Ex14. a n a 1=1 a n+ 1=a n+ (2 n+ 1) a n =[ n 2 ]
Ex15. n 1222+ 3 24 2+ 52 62 + (2 n1) 2(2 n)2=n(2 n+ 1)
Ex16. n 123 (n1)n(n1) 321n 2

Ex17. n

1
2
n
1

=1
12 123
n1 !
n1!

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-4/16

n n1
n(n+ 1)(n+ 2)
12+ 23+ + n (n+ 1)=

2
3
n n1 n2n3
123+ 234+ 345+ + n(n+ 1)(n+ 2) [
]
4

Ex18. 123 n

Ex19. n 26 n3+ 32 n1 k k [11]

Ex20. n 32 n +1 + 2n+ 2 7
Ex21. Hanoi Tower A,B,C A n
12 ,n A,B,C
a n n
A C
a 1=1
(1) a n ?(2) a n =?[
, a n=2n 1 ]
a n=2a n11 , n2

Ex22. an n

(1) a n , a n1 , a n2
(2) 10
[(1) an = an-1 + an- 2 a1 = 1 a2 = 2 (2) 89]
(1) n - 1 an -1
n - 2 an - 2
a1 = 1 a2 = 2 an = an -1 + an - 2 n=3,4,5,6,
a7 = a6 + a5 = 13 + 8 = 21
(2) a3 = a2 + a1 = 2 + 1 = 3
a4 = a3 + a2 = 3 + 2 = 5
a8 = a7 + a6 = 21 + 13 = 34
a5 = a4 + a3 = 5 + 3 = 8
a9 = a8 + a7 = 34 + 21 = 55
a6 = a5 + a4 = 8 + 5 = 13
a10 = a9 + a8 = 55 + 34 = 89
Ex23. 10
[274]
Ex24. a n
(1) a 1=2 a n=3 a n1 , nN , n2 [ an=23n1 ]
2
(2) a 1=3 a n1=a n2 n1 , n N [ a n=n 2 ]
1
n
2
a , n N [
(3) a 1= a n1=
]
3
n3 n
n(n+ 1)(n+ 2)

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-5/16

Ex25. <a n > a 1=1 a n=

3 a n 14
n
a n11

(1) a 2 ,a 3 ,a 4 (2) n
(3)(2)[

3 5 7 2 n1
, , ,
]
2 3 4
n

Ex26. 15 93[2,5,8]
Ex27. 1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5, (1) 10
(2) 100 (3) 100 [465514945]

Ex28.

1 1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7
7
, , , , , , , , , , 40 [
]
11
1 3 1 5 3 1 7 5 3 1

Ex29.
11
2 2,3
3 4,5,6
4 7,8,9,10
5 11,12,13,14,15
100 3 [4953]
Ex30. 100
30.5 28.5
[315]
Ex31. 90 1349
[10,30,50 98,30,-38]
Ex32. 4 12 10 a 1 a 2 a 3 ...a 1 0 12
a 7 [100/11]

Ex33. a 1 a 2 a 3 18a 2 a 3 a 4 9[

1
2

Ex34. m,n m a n b mn
a mb n
[
]
mn
Ex35. 39 1212
[4,10,25 25,10,4]

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-6/16

Ex36. 70
[828]

Ex37. G.P. r

51 r 51
2

Ex38. 101 a 1 , a 2 , a3 ,, a 101 0 a 71=70 (A)

a 1+ a101 > 0 (B) a 2+ a 100< 0 (C) a 3+ a99=0 (D) a 51 =51 (E) a 1< 0 [CE]

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-7/16

1-2

a n S n
n

(sigma/ summation)

a 1+ a2 + + a n=S n= a k
k=1

a 1=S 1
a n =S nS n1 , n2

1
n
Ex39. a n n S n=
a n [
]
2 n+ 1
4 n 21
a 1=3
Ex40. a n n S n=n2 + 2 a n [
]
a n =2 n1 , n2

10

1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+ 6+ 7+ 8+ 9+ 10= k
k =1

10

1+ 4+ 9+ 16+ 25+ 36+ 49+ 64+ 81+ 100= k 2

k=1

50

1+ 3+ 5+ 7+ 9+ + 99= (2 k1)
k=1

49

148

k=1

k=100

13+ 35+ 57+ + 9799= (2 k1)(2 k + 1)= (2 k 199)(2 k197)

1 1 1 1
1
1
+ + + + + n + = k
2 4 8 16
2
k =1 2
infinity

99

1
[9]
k =1 k1 k

Ex41.

n
1. c=cccc=n c
k =1
n

n n1
2
k =1
n
n n1 2 n1
2
2
2
2
2
3. k =1 2 3 n =
6
k =1
2.

k =123n=
n

nn1
4. k =1 2 3 n =
2
k =1
5.
6.
7.

k =1
n

k =1
n

k=1

(a k b k )= a k b k
c a k =c a k
k =1
n

n+ 100

k =1

k=101

ak=

()

(c k )

k =1

a k100

k ( n )
k
k

k =1

i =1

j=1

t=1

a k = a i= a j = a t =

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-8/16

n( n+ 1)
Ex42. k =
2
k =1
3

n 4 n 26 n1
Ex43. 13+ 35+ 57+ + n [
]
3
3

Ex44.

(a k + b k )=30
2

k =1

(a k 2b k )=54

(a ,b) [ (3,2) ]

k =1

(Arithmetic Series)
n
n( a1 + a n ) n (2 a 1+ (n1)d )
=
1. S n= a k =a 1+ a 2+ + a n=
2
2
k=1
2. k =() k S 2 n-1 = (2n - 1) an =
a n bn
a n 9 S 9=9a 5 bn 9 T 9=9b5
S 9 : T 9=( 9a 5 ):(9b 5)=a5 :b5
n

k=1

k =1

Ex45. a n bn , S n = a k , T n= bk ,
(1) a n b n =(3n+1)(7n-11) S 7 T 7 S n T n
(2) S n T n =(3n+1)(7n-11) a 7 b 7 a n b n
[13:17(3n+5):(7n-15)1:2(3n-1):(7n-9)]
Ex46. n 9 2n 12 3n [9]
Ex47. a n a 5=8 a 11=10 S n [77]
(Geometric Series)
na 1
, r =1
n
n
1. S n= a k =a 1+ a 2+ + a n= a 1(1r )
, r 1
k=1
1r
2.() r< 1 n r n 0

a1
1r
n
n k =1
Ex48. n 48 2n 60 3n [63]

S =lim S n =lim a k =a 1+ a 2 + + a n + =

Ex49. 28 336
[4,8,16 16,8,4]
Ex50. 1 10%
10 [(1.1) 1 0 2.59][17.49 ]

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-9/16

Ex51. 100 8%
(
1.0810=2.16 )[149000]
()
n
n
1
k ( k + 1) = ( 1k k +1 1 )=( 11 12 )+ ( 12 13 )+ ( 13 14 )+ + ( 1n n+1 1 )=1 n+1 1 = n+n 1
k =1
k=1
n
1
3 n 25 n
Ex52.
[
]
4 n1n2
k =1 k k 2
n

Ex53.

1
k k 1
k2
k =1

n n3
]
4 n1n2

Ex54. ?[ ]
Ex55. a n a 10 =23 a 25 =22
[35]
Ex56. a n
S n [10]

a8=a 13 n

Ex57. (1)(3,5)(7,9,11)(13,15,17,19)
(1) n (2) n (3)999
[ n 2n1 n 3 324]
Ex58. 10 5
[130]

Ex59. a n n S n=n2 + 2 n+ 3 a n [ a n=

6
, n=1
]
2 n+ 1 , n2

Ex60. a n a 1+ 2a 2+ 3a 3+ + na n=n(n+ 1)(n+ 2) ,n a n

[ 3 n+ 3 ]
Ex61. 100 3 n S n
n=S n [341717]
Ex62. 5 120 ?[9]

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-10/16

n
n
n
Ex63. a n=n1 2 3 4 n <a n >
2
4
8
(A) 10(B) 15/8(C)
1/8(D) 1/2(E)[B]

Ex64. 25
30
[43.2]
Ex65. n n 2
a n a n+ 1a n [4n+4]
40

Ex66. <a n > a 1 =50 4

a n

=[1796]

n=1

Ex67. 245i 13i n S n

S n n[31]
Ex68. 7 448 889
r nnr[(7,2)]
Ex69. 100 5 30
[29200]
Ex70. a n 14710 1000
b n 11213141 1001a n b n
c n [16863]
Ex71. a n 200 7
n

(1)

ak

n n 0 n 0

k =1

n0

(2)

ak

[29-2958]

k =1

Ex72. 5.555.55555.555 20
kt[-20-11]
3 5 7
2 n1
2 n3
Ex73. 1 2 3 n1 [ 6 n1 ]
2 2 2
2
2

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-11/16

5
10 2110 k t , k ,t Z
81

Ex74. 10 2 20 2050
[22/1023]

Ex75. n [

n2 n 2
]
2

Ex76. n [ n 2n+ 2 ]

Ex77. n [

n2 n 2
]
2

Ex78. n [

n + 5 n+ 6
]
6

Ex79. n (n 2)
n
n
2 n1 [][ 1+ C 2+ C 4 ]

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-12/16


1. a n1=a n f n ()
2
Ex80. a n a 1=1 a n+ 1=a n+ (n+ 1) ,n a n

an = an -1 + n 2
an -1 = an - 2 + (n - 1) 2
an - 2 = an -3 + (n - 2)2

2
+) a2 = a1 + 2

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
an = a1 + 2 + 3 + L + n = 1 + 2 + 3 + L + n =

2. a n1= f na n ()
Ex81. a n a 1 2 an +1 =

n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6

n+2
an n a n
n

3
4
5
n 1
a1 a3 a 2 a 4 a3 a n
a n 1
1
2
3
n 1
3 4 5
n
n 1
n( n 1)

2
n( n 1) n 2
a n a1
1 2 3
n 2 n 1
2

a 2

n=1 a n n(n+1) n N

3. a n1= pa nq ( p q )(p=1 )(q=0 )

1

Ex82. a n a 1 1a n + 1 a n 3 , n N a n
2
1
1
[]a n a n 1 3 a n 1 a n 3
2
2
1
1
an 1 a n ( an an1 ) bn bn 1
2
2
1
bn r
2
7
5
b1 a 2 a1 1
2
2

5
1
[1 - ( ) n -1 ]
1
1
2
= 1 + 5[1 - ( ) n -1 ] = 6 - 5( ) n -1
a n a1 bk = 1 + 2
1
2
2
k 1
12
Ex83.
1
1
L= L+ 3 L=6 an 1 6 (an 6)
[] L=a n+ 1=a n
2
2
1
a 26= a 16
2
1
a 36= a 26
2

1
a n6= a n1 6
2
5
1
an 6 n1 (a1 6) an 6 n 1
2
2
n 1

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-13/16

4.() a n2 = pa n1qa n
a n2 = pa n1qa n , n1 p , q , a 1, a 2
p= q= ( , x 2 p xq=0 )
a n2 a n1 = a n1 a n
a n2 =a n1a n
a n2 a n1 =a n1 an

a n1 a n= n1 a 2 a 1 1

a n1 a n =n1 a 2 a1 2
(2)(1) a n=n1 a 2 a1 n 1 a 2 a1
a a 1 n a 2a 1 n
a n= 2

n
n
... a n=h k
h k
,too a 1, a 2 h,k ([])
a 1=3, a 2=5
Ex84. a n
a n
a n2 =5 a n16 a n , n1
[]
x 25 x6= x2 x3=0, =2, =3
n1
a n 22 a n1 =3a n12 a n () a n12 a n=3 a 2 2 a 1
a n 23 a n1=2a n13 a n
a n13 a n=2n1 a 2 3 a1

n1

a n12 a n=3 n1 a =2n13 n1

n
a n13 a n=42
[]
2
x 5 x6= x2 x3=0, =2, =3

h=2
a 1=2 h3 k =3

1 a n=2n13 n1
a n=h2 k3 n=1,2
k =
a 2=4 h9 k =5
3
Fibonacci sequence F n
11235813213455

()
F n n

n3
n
n1
n
n1
n2

n
n2
F 1=F 2=1
F n
F n=F n1F n2 , n3
n

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-14/16

F 1 =1, F 2=1
F n
F n2=F n1F n , n1
1 5
1 5
2
,=
x x1=0 =
2
2
n
n
1 5
1 5
F n=h k
2
2

Ex85. F n

1 5
15
1 5
1 5
k
=1
F 1=h k =1
2
2
2
2

2
2
3 5
3 5
1 5
1 5
F 2=h
k
=1
F 2=h
k
=1
2
2
2
2
F 1=h

n=1,2

1
5

1
k=
5
h=

F n=

1 1 5
1 1 5

, n1
2
5
5 2

Ex86. F n F1 F2 1 Fn + 2 = Fn +1 + Fn n1
2
(1) F 12
F 13 F 11 =(2) 500 [-1334]
Ex87. 7 8 n 8
n a n a n100 n [9]
Ex88. 7 8 n 8
n a n a n2010 n [12]
5.()(1):,,(2):,,
a n2
Ex89. a n a 1 0 a n1=
a n
4a n
L2
L=1 , 2 ()
L=
4 L
a 2
2 a n1
a n11= n
1=
1
4a n
4a n
1 a n11 2 a n1

=
(G.P.)
a n2
3 a n2
2 a n 1 2 3 a n 2
a n12=
2=
2
4a n
4a n

a n1 2 n 1 a 11 1 2 n 1
=
=
a n2 3
a 12 2 3

2n13n1
2n 23n1
3 a n1
Ex90. a n a 1 1 a n1=
a n
4 a n1
3 L1
1
L= ()
L=
4 L1
2
1
4 a n1
1
1
a n
1 3 a n1 1

=
=4
1
2
a n1 =

1
1
1 (A.P.)
a n1 =
2 4 a n1 2
a n1
a n
a n
2 4 a n1
2
2
2
1
1

=4 n1
=4 n2
n
a n=
1
1
a n
a 1
2 n1
2
2

a n=

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-15/16

6.()()
(1). a n2 = pa n1qa n ( p2 4q=0 )
x 2 p xq=0 a n=h nkn n
hk a n
(2).
a n3 =pa n2 qa n1ra n
n
n
n
x 3 p x 2q xr =0 a n= g h k
a n3 =pa n2 qa n1ra n
n
n
x 3 p x 2q xr =0 a n= g hkn
a n3 =pa n2 qa n1ra n
2
n
x 3 p x 2q xr =0 a n= g hnkn
() bn -1 = an - an -1 bn a n
an - an -1 = bn -1
an -1 - an - 2 = bn - 2
an - 2 - an -3 = bn -3

a3 - a2 = b2
+)

a2 - a1 = b1
n1

a n=a 1b1b 2bn1=a1 b k

k=1

a n k bn k-1 ()

cplee8tcfsh-2-1-16/16