4.

9 SPM Enhancement (PATS)

1)
Paper 1 A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is known as a(n) A exothermic reaction C precipitation reaction B endothermic reaction D combustion reaction 2) A The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid is an exothermic reaction. Which of the following energy level diagrams represents the reaction? C

Zn + 2H+ Energy Zn2+ + H2

B D

Zn2+ + H2 Energy Zn + 2H+

Zn + H2 Energy Zn + 2H+ Energy Zn2+ + H2

2+

Zn + 2H+

3)

Which of the following reactions causes the container, which is filled with the chemical substances of the reaction, to become hot? A Dissolving solid ammonium nitrate in water B Mixing concentrated acid into water C Dissolving solid potassium nitrate in water D Dissolving solid ammonium sulphate in water The reaction between 50 cm3 of nitric acid and 50 cm3 of potassium hydroxide releases 4200 J of heat. What is the temperature change of the mixture? [Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Density of solution = 1 g cm-3] A 2.1oC C 10.0oC o B 8.4 C D 20.0oC Which of the following neutralisation reactions has the highest heat of reaction? A Hydrochloric acid and ammonia solution B Ethanoic acid and potassium hydroxide solution C Sodium hydroxide solution and nitric acid D Ammonia solution and ethanoic acid The energy level (energy profile) diagram in the figure below represents an endothermic reaction.

4)

5)

6)

Energy

B C D

Among A, B, C and D, which represents the heat change?

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7)

An experiment is carried out to determine the heat change for the combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH. The results of the experiment are shown below. Volume of water in the copper container = 200 cm3 Initial water temperature = 30oC The highest water temperature = 60oC What is the heat released by the combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH? [Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Density of water = 1 g cm-3] A 25.2 kJ B 36.0 kJ C 50.4 kJ D 66.7 kJ

8)

The equation below shows the thermochemical equation for a neutralisation equation. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O H = -57 kJ mol-1

Which of the following reactions has the same heat of reaction as the neutralisation reaction above? I KOH + HCl KCl + H2O II CH3COOH + KOH CH3COOK + H2O III NaOH + HNO3 NaNO3 + H2O IV H2SO4 + NH3 (NH4)2SO4 A I and II only C I, II and III only B I and III only D II, III and IV only 9) The diagram belowe shows an energy level diagram for the reaction between magnesium and silver ion.

Mg + 2Ag+ Energy

H = -x kJ mol-1 Mg + 2Ag
2+

Which of following information can be obtained from the energy level diagram? A Heat is released to the surroundings B An endothermic reaction occurs C x kJ of heat is absorbed during the reaction D The total energy content of magnesium and silver ion is lower than the total in magnesium ion and silver

10)

When excess magnesium powder is added into 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 iron(II) chloride solution, the temperature increases from 30oC to 54oC. What is the heat of displacement of iron? [Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Density of solution = 1 g cm-3] A - 108.0 kJ mol-1 C 201.6 kJ mol-1 B - 184.5 kJ mol-1 D 240.0 kJ mol-1

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Paper 2 Structured question The figure below shows the arrangement of apparatus that is used to determine the value of the heat of displacement of copper.

Excess zinc powder is added into 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper(II) nitrate solution. The result of the experiment is shown below. Initial temperature of copper(II) nitrate = 29oC The highest temperature of the mixture = 49oC [Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Density of water = 1 g cm-3]

(a) Why is a plastic cup used in this experiment?

(b) What is meant by the heat of displacement? (c) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs in this experiment. (d) What is the heat change in this experiment? (e) Calculate the heat of displacement of copper. (f) Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction.

(g) (i) If the experiment is repeated by replacing zinc metal with magnesium metal,
predict the heat of displacement that is obtained. (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (g) (i).

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Essay question Experiments I, II and III show three thermochemical equations for three experiments that were carried out in the laboratory. Experiment I II III Thermochemical equation HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) H = -57 kJ mol-1 CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(1) H = -55 kJ mol-1 H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) 2Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) H = - 114 kJ mol-1

(a) Explain why there is a difference in the heat of reaction between: (i) Experiments I and II (ii) Experiments I and III solution, predict the heat of reaction for this experiment [1 mark] (ii) Explain the prediction you made in (b) (i). [4 marks] [10 marks] [5 marks]

(b) (i) If experiment III is repeated by replacing the sodium hydroxide solution with a potassium hydroxide

Paper 3 An experiment is conducted to determine the heat of displacement. Excess zinc powder is put into 25 cm3 of copper(II) sulphate solution. The experiment is repeated by replacing the zinc powder with magnesium powder. The initial temperature of both experiments are 28oC.

Experiment I

Experiment II

The above diagram shows the maximum temperatures that were recorded in both experiments. (a) Write the highest temperature of the mixture and the temperature changes in both the experiments. Experiment I: The highest temperature Temperature change = _________ = _________
o

Experiment II: The highest temperature = _________ C Temperature change = _________ o C

C C

(b) Construct a table that can be used to record the data in Experiments I and II. (c) State a hypothesis for this experiment.

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(d) If the experiment is repeated using iron powder to replace zinc powder, predict the temperature change that occurs. (e) State three observations that can be obtained in Experiment I besides the temperature change. (f) State three variables that are fixed in both experiments. (g) The information below shows the calculation to determine the heat of displacement for the reaction in Experiments I and II. Heat that is released = mc Heat of neutralisation = mc Number of moles of copper(II) ions that is displaced (i) Give the operational definition of the heat of displacement. (ii) It is found that the value of the heat of displacement of Experiment II is bigger than that of Experiment I. Explain why. Legend: m = mass of solution c = specific heat capacity of solution = heat exchange

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