The Echelle User Manual

Echelle User Manual
H. Navasardyan, E. Giro, A. Siviero, P. Marrese, D. Fantinel, V. Chiomento, L. Traverso, L.Lessio, L. Contri, A. Frigo
Jan. 2006
Contents
Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 3 Optical Layout..........................................................................................................................3 Gratings...................................................................................................................................4 Echelle Filters.......................................................................................................................... 4 .............................................................................................................................................5 Echelle Slits ............................................................................................................................ 5 Slit and Decker viewer ............................................................................................................ 6 Echelle Detector....................................................................................................................... 7 Bias and Dark currents ............................................................................................................ 8 Comparison Lamp....................................................................................................................9 Instrument Focus.....................................................................................................................9 Telescope Focus....................................................................................................................... 9 Echelle Graphic User Interface ............................................................................................... 9 Starting and initializing the system................................................................................... 10 CCD Initialization.............................................................................................................. 11 Init Rotation....................................................................................................................... 11 Stopping the System...........................................................................................................12 Subwindows....................................................................................................................... 12 header fits ......................................................................................................................12 Telescope ..................................................................................................................... 14 Exposure ....................................................................................................................... 15 Command line ............................................................................................................... 15 Rotation .........................................................................................................................16 Autoguider .................................................................................................................... 16 Quick look analysis .......................................................................................................... 17 Set-up Request....................................................................................................................... 18 Night report............................................................................................................................ 19 Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................... 19 Reference............................................................................................................................... 19 Appendix ...............................................................................................................................20 Echelle Orders in Different Cross-Disperser Angels............................................................. 22 Th-Ar Atlas............................................................................................................................ 60
Introduction
The Asiago Reosc Echelle Spectrograph provides high dispersion spectra (from 5 /mm in the far blue (3450 ) to 10 /mm at 6600 ), with crossdispersion provided by a grating. This manual describes the general design, setup and operation of the Ekar 1.82m Echelle Spectrograph including the detailed description of GUI and the characteristics of CCD detector. Th-Ar calibration atlas is included in the appendix. For the telescope operation see AFOSC manual.
Optical Layout
The ECHELLE spectrograph basically consists of a collimator, an Echelle grating, a set of cross disperser gratings mounted on an orientable support, a calibration arm and a slit viewer intensified camera. The mechanical stability is well suited for the measurement of accurate radial velocity, with flexure in the spectrograph focal plane and in the wavelength dispersion direction not exceeding 7 m (about 2.7 km/sec at H) for +/- 2 hours telescope slewing in HA from the meridian at any declination (see Munari & Lattanzi 1992 for details ).
Figure 1. Optical layout of Echelle spectrograph
Gratings
The echelle grating has 79 ln/mm, blaze angle 63.433 degrees and ruled area of 128x254 mm. The parameters for available three cross disperser gratings are presented in Table 1. The changing of cross disperser should be done by the staff technicians during the daytime. The echelle orders with different angle of all cross dispersers are presented in Appendix. The angle position of cross disperser is possible to change by the micrometer screws shown in the Figure 2. Figure 2. The screws for changing Cross Disperser angle
Table 1. Gratings
grating type ln/mm 79 (echelle R2) CD150 CD300 CD1200 Blaze () 4990 8000 4980 5977 Dispersion (/mm) 7.3 327 163 39 Spectral Purity () 0.2 4.9 2.5 0.6
Echelle Filters
Two second-order suppressing Echelle filters (OG455, OG515) are available. The transmission curves of the filters are shown in figure 3. In order to insert a filter it is necessary to move filter bar (see Figure A1). The position V means NO FILTER. Positions 1 and 2 are OG455 and OG515 filters respectively.
Figure 3. Transmission curves of echelle filters
Echelle Slits
The slit, placed at the focal plane of the telescope, is 30 mm long (380 arcsec) and its aperture ranges between 50 m and 2.5 mm (0.65-31.5 arcsec) with 50 m steps set by a micrometer. The slit size is possible to change by the micrometer screw shown on figure A1. The slit length can be changed moving the decker (see Figure 4) up and down.
Figure 4. Decker
Slit and Decker viewer
A Proxitronic tv intensified camera displays the telescope field-of-view superimposed on the slit, with a size of 2.3x2.2 arcmin. The measured limiting magnitude is approximately 16.2. The camera parameters (gain, offset and electronic shutter exposure time) can be adjusted using the instrument software, which is installed on PCControlRoom. For executing the software double-click on Proxitronic icon on the desktop end enter with the COM2. The main window called DCU (see Figure 5) becomes red when the camera is off and green when is on. Clicking on the buttons of DCU it is possible to open the necessary parameter control window. In Figure 5 are shown mostly used windows.
Every time when the camera is switched on the software starts with the highest CCD integration time (1/50 sec), which can damage the CCD in the case of available strong light. So, it is strongly recommended to switch-off all lamps in the dome (including calibration lamp) before switching on the camera. Then, after minimizing CCD counts (e.g. putting 1/1000 sec) it is possible to turn on needed light or to point a bright object.
Figure 5. Proxitronic software windows
Echelle Detector
The current detector of Echelle has been mounted on June 2004. It is E2V CCD47-10 AIMO back illuminated CCD Imager, with 1100 x 1100 13m pixels, which corresponds to 0.41 arcsec/pxl for cross disperser CD1200, 0.54 arcsec/pxl for CD300 and 0.57 arcsec/pxl for CD150 on the Echelle focal plane. These are average values and can be slightly different depending on used angle of cross disperser. The architecture of the CCD controller follows the TNG standards (Bonanno et al.~2000) . Typical readout time is about 40 seconds for the full frame. It is possible to select a window on the chip to reduce readout time. Binning the pixels is not currently available. There are two different CCD amplifiers therefore two readout modes. The characteristics corresponding to different readout modes are presented in table 2. The readout mode by default is - Readout Mode 2. To exclude the overscan region, the images can be trimmed (X axis: pixel 9 to 1064; Y axis: pixel 1 to 1032). The CCD suffers from fringing in the red . CCD characteristics are reported in Table 1 and its quantum efficiency in Figure 6.
Table 2. CCD Characteristics
Parameter
Format Pixel size Pixel scale on echelle CD150 CD300 CD1200 Readout noise Gain Dark current Dynamic range Fringing
Readout Mode 1 Readout Mode 2 1100 X 1100 pxl 13m 0.57 /pxl 0.54 /pxl 0.41 /pxl 9.1 e2.33 e-/ADU 2 ADU/hour 8.5 e1.17 e-/ADU 3 ADU/hour
Value
50 000 17% at 8000
Figure 6. The red dashed curve is Quantum efficiency of Echelle CCD
Bias and Dark currents

The bias level is about -31 780 and the stability during the night is within 6 ADU. The measured dark current is less than 5 e-/pixel/hour .Currently no bad pixel visible.
Comparison Lamp
A Th-Ar lamp serves as the comparison source for the Echelle spectrograph which provides a good calibration exposure for the total spectral range. The power supply of the lamp should be turned on only when the proxitronic camera is switched off and the calibration arm is being inserted. Typical exposure time is near to 15 seconds, which varies a little bit depending on the used cross disperser and orders. It is much higher for CD1200 and can reach to 60sec in blue orders.
Instrument Focus
Spectrograph focus remains an entirely manual adjustment. Initial focusing of the spectrograph is normally done by the staff. Nevertheless, changes of the setup and big variation off temperature cause for redetermining the focus setting. The basic steps of this procedure are described in this section. Focusing consists of taking a series of ThAr exposures, moving the collimator for each exposure, and analyzing the frames with the atv (Echelle GUI / Utilities). The collimator position is controlled with a micrometer screw, and motion steps of 0.5-mm give the best results. A satisfactory criterion for the focus quality is a fwhm of about 2.7 3.5 pixels for the images taken with the slit 100m. Measured best focus on 23 Aug. 2004 for the temperature 18.2 C was 8mm with CD 300 ln/mm and slit 100m.
Telescope Focus
Focusing of the telescope is performed by moving the secondary mirror along Z axis. The determination of the best focus can be done by comparison of several spectra of point sources obtained at different focus positions.
Echelle Graphic User Interface
The Ekar Echelle Graphic User Interface (EGUI) allows the observer to perform the operations necessary to manage the echelle spectrograph, the rotator and CCD during a typical observational session with already mounted setup. The main window (see figure 7) is composed of six different subwindows easy to identify and few menus (FILE , SETUP, UTILITIES, HELP) on upper panel.
Figure 7. EGUI Main window
Starting and initializing the system

In order to start up the system , it is necessary: switch on the electric power of the continuity group at the pedestal of the telescope; switch on the VME rack and wait until the boot is terminated; login with remoto account on wusche ; initialize lightbus182 and telescope interface on PC Coordinate click on Echelle-Start for executing EGUI (UNIX menu bar over the clock);
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Initialize CCD and rotation .
CCD Initialization
For initializing the CCD select Init CCD from Setup menu. A dialog box pops up (see Fig. 8) just before the initialization file is executed asking to confirm the loading of the default CCD configuration. By default the CCD configuration loaded corresponds to amplifier readout without binning. Using the CCD binning from pull-down menu is then possible to select the binning (currently binning is not active). The Boot button performs several functions. First of all, it starts the communications between the transputer on the CCD controller and the transputer on the VME. Then it executes an initialization file that loads the CCD biases and clocks, actually making the CCD operating. The Quit is used to close Init CCD window.
Figure 8. CCD initialization windows
Init Rotation
For initializing the rotation first visually check if the instrument is free for rotation, switch on the telescope then select init rotation from Setup menu. Click INIT ROTATION button (see Figure 9) for initializing the rotation or QUIT for exiting. When VME and EGUI remain switched on during the day while the telescope was switched off the rotation must be reinitialized.
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Figure 9. Rotation initialization windows
Stopping the System

To stop the system press exit at the File menu of EGUI main window and wait until the window is closed, then you can switch off the VME , CCD and rotation controllers.
Figure 10. Header fits subwindow
Subwindows
header fits
This subwindow allows the user to insert the some keyword parameters of the fits image and save it. These parameters are :
1. Image Type 12
Before starting the exposure the user should select from pulldown menu labeled Image Type (see fig 10) one from six different type of exposures: Flat Field, Dark, Bias (default), Science, Comparison lamp, Wipe
o Bias The Bias exposure type has to be selected when an image of the CCD bias has to be taken. The list of the operations automatically performed is reported below: - The field IMAGETYP of the correspondent FITS keyword is updated with the word Bias. - The exposure time is automatically set to zero and the EXPTIME field is updated. - The error message windows pops up when EXPTIME is different from zero o Flat field The Flat exposure type has to be selected whenever an image of the spectrum of a flat field lamp has to be taken. The following operations should be performed before: - Telescope must be positioned at Dec. ~ 0 degree and HA ~ 0 with the dome azimuth ~ 311 degree. - The 1kW lamp projected on the white screen in the dome must be switched on. Exposure times for 150ln/mm and 300ln/mm cross-dispersers can vary (300sec-900sec) depending on the wavelength range and the inserted filter (if there is ). Sky flat is recommended for 1200ln/mm crossdisperser. o Calibration lamp The comparison lamp exposure type is the one that the observer has to select to take a spectra of the thorium lamp for wavelength calibration purposes. The following operations should be performed when the comparison lamp (Calib) exposure type is selected: - switch off echelle telecamera, - insert calibration lamp, - switch on the lamp. When Calib is selected the field IMAGETYP of the correspondent FITS keyword is updated with the word Calib. o Dark The Dark exposure type has to be selected whenever an image of the CCD dark 13
current has to be obtained. These exposure are taken keeping the CCD shutter closed. All the lamps should be switched off before starting dark exposure. o Science The science exposure type is selected whenever the spectra of an astronomical object has to be taken o Wipe The wipe exposure type should be selected for CCD wiping.
2. the name of object; 3. the name of observer ; 4. comment line (it can be any important comment concerning to the obtained image, which can be useful during data reduction ); 5. the number of fits image; this field automatically will show the image number given by UIF. This field is not editable; 6. Save button; normally the images transferred from VME are written in the scratch directory of workstation wusche. With the save button it is possible to save them in the archive. Not saved images arent lost, it possible to recover them . Before saving it is possible to change all variables in header fits subsection. 7. slit size; 8. filter name, if it is inserted; 9. cross disperser inserted; 10. cross disperser angle;
Telescope
This subwindow shows the current telescope position (RA and DEC) with epoch and the parallactic angle corresponding to the current position (parallactic angle is not yet working). In this subwindow the parameters are not editable.
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Figure11. Telescope subwindow.
Exposure
This subwindow consists of five editable fields called Exp. time, left, right, down and up respectively, three buttons and track-bar.
Exp. time is the field where observer should to insert exposure time in seconds. Left, right, down, up are fields for definition of CCD subareas (boxes) in order to decrease readout time of CCD. The box size in both direction should not be odd number. Track-bar shows already integrated time in seconds. Start button is used to start an exposure. Stop terminates the exposure , reading the CCD and saving the data acquired up to that moment to the disk. Pause allows to pause an ongoing exposure. The exposure time is stopped, the CCD shutter is closed but the CCD remains in integration. The exposure can be restarted using the resume button. Resume allows to resume an exposure previously paused. This button appears only when the pause button is pushed.
Figure 12. Exposure subwindow

After each exposure the image is automatically displayed with atv program (see Figure 16).
Command line
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In this subwindow it is possible to execute in a command line all the low level operations described above. When command line is used the exposure window is inactive. Anyway it is strongly recommended to avoid to use this subwindow, if the user has not an engineering knowledge of the system.
Figure 13. Command line subwindow Rotation
It is possible to take a spectra of an object at the desired position angle using Rotation subwindow. For this it is necessary: 1. Initialize the rotation, if it is not initialized yet 2. Insert desired angle (expressed in degrees from north to east) into go to field and press Go To button. Stop button is for aborting the rotation. The rotation range is [-90; 90]. The rotation angle 0.0 corresponds slit position east-west.
Figure 14. Rotation subwindow
Autoguider
This subwindow allows the user to start and stop auto-guider. For using autoguider follow these steps:
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1.
2.
3. 4.
Press Grab button and wait till the image from the monitor of Proxitronic Camera will be transferred and displayed on the Autoguider subwindow. Using the left mouse button click on the position of the chosen star, which can be any field star available or the object itself. A box will appear at the star position. Use left mouse button to move, central button to resize the box and right one to confirm the box. After confirmation a box will appear on the monitor of Proxitronic Camera. The procedure can be iterated if the box is not satisfactory. choose Guide star, if you want to start auto-guiding moving the center of box on the star or Guide box, if you want to start autoguiding moving the star to the center of the box. Use Guide off for stopping the auto-guider.
It is possible to start immediately auto-guiding pressing only on Guide-box button, if the star is inside previously selected box.
Figure15. The guide subwindow
Quick look analysis

Preliminary Examination of images is possible to do by ATV (Aaron's interactive front end for idl TV ) program, which pops up automatically after each exposure (see Fig.16). It is possible also to open it from EGUI Utilites menu. Atv allows complete interactive control of the image scaling, color table, color stretch, and zoom and to check counts moving the cursor. It handles image blinking, and overplotting of text, line graphics. It also does point-andclick aperture photometry, and can produce publication-quality postscript output. Detailed instruction for using the program is possible to find pressing Help on upper panel of atv window or visiting the web site: http://www.physics.uci.edu/~barth/atv/instructions.html.
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Figure 16. atv window
IRAF, IDAS and IDL packages are available as well on the workstation (alphek ) in the control room. The images can be downloaded on the alpheks disk using ekar tool under IRAF. For the detail description see AFOSC manual.
Set-up Request
The Echelle set-up has to be required in advance (at least one day before the observations) to the Asiago telescope staff (tecnici_ekar@oa-padova.inaf.it). It is necessary to include in the instrument set-up : Cross Disperser The angle of Cross Disperser or/and the orders to be observed. The precision of the order location is inside 15-20 pixel in vertical direction , so it is recommended to communicate to technicians the order numbers intended to cover too. Filter Slit size 18
Night report
At the end of night the observer astronomer is required to fill Observer's Night Report Form at Asiago Observatory: http://www.pd.astro.it/asiago/2000/2600.html When the night report is submitted an e-mail report will be sent to the instrument staff.
Troubleshooting
Init rotation An error message appears is not connected, even if the telescope is switched on. Close the error message window and try to repeat the initialization. Auto-guiding Grab button is not active Exit from EGUI and reopen it. Dont forget to initialize the system again.
Reference
Bonanno, G.; Bruno, P.; Cosentino, R.; Scuderi, S.; Bortoletto, F.; D'Alessandro, M.; et al. , 2000, Optical Detectors for Astronomy conf. proceedings, 389 Desidera, S.; Fantinel, D.; Giro, E.; Navasardyan, H. , 2005 , AFOSC manual Munari, Ulisse; Lattanzi, Mario G., 1992, PASP, 104, 124
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Appendix
Figure A1, 2. Echelle instrument ; PS= Power Supply
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Echelle Orders in Different Cross-Disperser Angels

Here we present 2D Thorium-Argon spectrum with 150 ln/mm,300 ln/mm and 1200ln/mm cross-dispersers in different inclination angle, which can help the user to choose his appropriate observational setup. The precision of the order location is inside 15-20 pixel in vertical direction , so it is recommended to communicate to technicians the order numbers intended to cover too.
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Thorium-Argon spectrum CCD : E2V CCD47-10 Cross Disperser: 150ln/mm Filter: OG515 Decker: 1 Angle: -9 30 order N
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Thorium-Argon spectrum CCD : E2V CCD47-10 Cross Disperser: 150ln/mm Filter: No Filter Decker: 1 Angle: -11 00 order N
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Thorium-Argon spectrum CCD : E2V CCD47-10 Cross Disperser: 1200ln/mm Filter: No Filter Decker: 2 Angle: 0 00 order N
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56 57 58 59
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Th-Ar Atlas
The ThAr atlas presented here covers the wavelength region from 3360 to 9430 (orders 24-66). The atlas of this spectral region has been performed with two crossdispersers : Orders 24-57 (3888 - 9430 ) are done with 150 ln/mm and 100m large slit . The smallest decker (12.6 arcsec) has been used for decreasing the overlapping of blue orders as much as possible. The redder range (orders 24-33) has been taken with filter OG515 and changing cross-dispersion angle towards -9.5 o . The orders 33-57 has been taken without filter and cross-dispersion angle near -11.25 o . Orders 58-66 are done with 300 ln/mm and 150m large slit, cross-dispersion angle near -10.25o .
The exposures used in this atlas were collected in August 2004 and March 2005
with E2V CCD47-10 AIMO, a back illuminated 1100 x 1100 CCD Imager. The data
were calibrated, extracted, and dispersion corrected using standard IRAF software. The trimming section of CCD was [ 9:1063, 2:1032]. This atlas can be used freely for all three cross-dispersers, as the calibration lamp spectra are very similar each other. Only the wavelength ranges are slightly different and they are given in tables 1, 2,3. Table 1 shows for each order of 150 ln/mm cross-disperser: the order number (first column), the initial, ending wavelengths (column 2 and 3 respectively) and average /pxl (last column). Bluer order than 57 are overlapped. Table 2 shows for each order of 300 ln/mm cross-disperser the order number (first column), the initial, ending wavelengths (column 2 and 3 respectively) and average /pxl (column 4) and Cross Disperser (CD) angle (last column).. Table 3 is the similar to Table 2 done for 1200 ln/mm cross-disperser. The redder orders (less than 33) are highly inclined and IRAF has difficulties to extract them.
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CD=150ln/mm slit=100 m
order 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 min () 9234 8865 8524 8208 7915 7642 7387 7149 6926 6716 6519 6333 6157 5990 5832 5683 5541 5406 5277 5154 5037 4925 4818 4715 4617 4523 4432 4345 4262 4181 4104 4029 3957 3888 max () 9431 9054 8706 8383 8083 7804 7544 7301 7074 6860 6658 6468 6288 6118 5957 5804 5659 5521 5389 5264 5144 5030 4921 4816 4716 4619 4527 4438 4353 4271 4192 4115 4042 3971 disp (/pxl) 0.186 0.179 0.172 0.166 0.160 0.154 0.149 0.145 0.140 0.136 0.132 0.128 0.125 0.121 0.118 0.115 0.112 0.109 0.107 0.104 0.102 0.100 0.098 0.096 0.094 0.092 0.090 0.088 0.086 0.085 0.083 0.082 0.080 0.079
Table 1. Wavelength ranges of Asiago echelle orders with CD 150 ln/mm taken on 5 March 2005. The bluer part (orders 33-57) is taken changing cross-dispersion angle towards 11.25 o and redder range (orders 24-33) near 9.5 o .
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CD=300ln/mm slit=150 m
order 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
min ()
6524 6337 6161 5994 5836 5687 5544 5409 5280 5157 5041 4929 4822 4719 4621 4526 4436 4349 4265 4185 4107 4032 3960 3891 3823 3759 3696 3635 3577 3519 3464 3411 3360
max ()
6662 6471 6291 6121 5960 5807 5662 5524 5393 5267 5147 5032 4923 4818 4718 4621 4529 4440 4355 4273 4194 4117 4044 3972 3904 3838 3774 3712 3652 3594 3538 3483 3431
disp (/pxl) 0.131 0.127 0.123 0.121 0.118 0.114 0.112 0.109 0.107 0.104 0.101 0.099 0.097 0.095 0.093 0.091 0.089 0.087 0.086 0.084 0.083 0.081 0.080 0.078 0.078 0.076 0.075 0.074 0.073 0.072 0.071 0.069 0.068
Table 3. Wavelength ranges of Asiago echelle orders with 300 ln/mm cross disperser taken in August 2004. The bluer part (orders 46-66) is taken changing crossdispersion angle towards -10.25 o and redder range (orders 34-45) near -8.66 o .
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CD=1200ln/mm slit=100 m min () max () disp (/pxl) CD angle order 33 6703 6848 0.137 12 34 6506 6647 0.133 11 35 6321 6457 0.129 10 36 6145 6278 0.126 9 37 5978 6107 0.123 9 38 5821 5947 0.119 8 39 5672 5794 0.116 7 40 5530 5649 0.113 7 41 5395 5511 0.111 6 42 5266 5381 0.109 6 43 5144 5254 0.105 5 44 5026 5135 0.104 5 45 4915 5021 0.101 4 46 4808 4912 0.099 4 47 4706 4808 0.097 3 48 4607 4707 0.095 3 49 4513 4611 0.093 3 50 4423 4519 0.09 2 51 4336 4430 0.088 2 52 4253 4345 0.087 2 53 4173 4263 0.086 1 54 4094 4184 0.085 1 55 4021 4108 0.083 1 56 3950 4035 0.081 0 57 3880 3964 0.08 0 58 3812 3895 0.079 0 59 3748 3829 0.077 -1 60 3686 3765 0.076 -1 61 3625 3704 0.075 -1 62 3566 3644 0.073 -1 63 3510 3586 0.072 -1 64 3455 3530 0.071 -1 Table 3. Wavelength ranges of Asiago echelle orders with 1200 ln/mm cross disperser taken on 6 March 2005. The orders are taken at cross-dispersion angle presented in the last column.
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Echelle User Manual

Figure 1. Optical layout of Echelle spectrograph

Figure 3. Transmission curves of echelle filters

Slit and Decker viewer

Figure 5. Proxitronic software windows

Table 2. CCD Characteristics

50 000 17% at 8000

Figure 6. The red dashed curve is Quantum efficiency of Echelle CCD

Bias and Dark currents

Echelle Graphic User Interface

Figure 7. EGUI Main window

Starting and initializing the system

Initialize CCD and rotation .

Figure 8. CCD initialization windows

Figure 9. Rotation initialization windows

Stopping the System

Figure 10. Header fits subwindow

Figure11. Telescope subwindow.

Figure 12. Exposure subwindow

Figure 13. Command line subwindow Rotation

Figure 14. Rotation subwindow

Figure15. The guide subwindow

Quick look analysis

Figure 16. atv window

Echelle Orders in Different Cross-Disperser Angels

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