Bio2600: Introduction to Cell Biology Sept.

28, 2006 Exam 1

Name:

Section 1: Complete each sentence with one of the two words (A or B) found in the square brackets [A. /B. ]. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. [A. True/B. False] The hydrophobic forces that hold a membrane together are essentially identical to the hydrophobic forces that drive protein folding. Enzymes called flippases are important for ensuring that lipids are [A. symmetrically/ B. asymmetrically] distributed in a plasma membrane. Compared to ATP, a nucleotide, water will diffuse [A. more/B. less] rapidly into the cell. Fatty acid chains that have no double bonds are considered [A. saturated/B. unsaturated]. In most neurons, an action potential can be detected in [A. axons/B. dendrite]. Phosphorylation of a protein is a common means of [A. non-covalent/B. covalent] modification of proteins. The gylcocalyx is a layer of carbohydrates on the [A. inner/B. outer] face of a plasma membrane. When using a channel protein, an ion always flows [A. up/B. down] a concentration gradient. Peripheral membrane proteins in the [A. carbohydrate layer/B. cell cortex] are involved in regulating cell shape and motility. Proteins commonly fold into the [A. lowest/B. highest] energy state. If the membrane potential moves closer to zero the cell is said to be [A. depolarized/B. hyperpolarized]. Action potentials are said to be "all-or-none" in character because each action potential in a given neuron [A. is always the same size & shape/B. never stops moving down an axon once it begins]. At the dendritic synapses, neurons can receive excitatory stimuli using a neurotransmitter such as [A. GABA/B. acetylcholine]. An example of a basic polar amino acid is [A. Arg/B. Glu]. Fibrous proteins are most commonly found in [A. the cytosol/B. the extracellular matrix].

Section 2: Multiple Choice. Select the single best answer based on your understanding of Cell Biology.

Answer key provided on last page.

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In general, most carrier proteins A. change conformation because a phosphate group is added to it during transport of a solute. B. never reach a saturation state as the kinetics of solute uptake is linear. C. carry a solute across the membrane as dictated by the solute's concentration gradient. D. can be inhibited by addition of ATP to the outside of the cell. E. are antiporters carrying Na+ ions out of the cell. Considering a typical lipid bilayer, what would happen if all fatty acid chains were to be unsaturated. A. The lipid bilayer would become more fluid. B. The two leaflets of a bilayer would join together covalently. C. Cholesterol would not be required. D. The lipid bilayer would become less fluid. E. A miscell would form instead of a bilayer. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The hydrogen bonds between lipid head groups and water are continually formed and reformed. B. Lipids in the membrane can rapidly exchange positions with other lipids in the opposite monolayer. C. A membrane often has a carbohydrate layer on its external surface. D. Lipids in the membrane can rapidly exchange positions with other lipids in the same monolayer. E. Lipids in the bilayer rotate rapidly around their long axis. Of the following three shapes, which one is most likely to represent the general shape of a single detergent molecule?

17.

18.

19.

A
A. B. C. D. E. 20. A B C A or B A or C

The Na+-K+ ATPase is a key membrane pump. Which statement(s) below most closely describes the mechanim by which this pump operates. A. The pump transitions between at least two major conformational states termed E1 and E2. B. As an ATPase, it hydrolyzes ATP and releases ADP and phosphate (Pi) when in different conformations. C. It pumps 3Na+ ions out of the cell and 2K+ ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. D. A and C E. A, B and C

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Below is a sketch of three protein monomers with complementary binding sites as depicted by the shape of their protrusions and invaginations. Of the three, which one(s) will most likely form a linear filament when assembled as a multimer?

A. B. C. D. E. 22.

A only B only C only A and B A, B and C

Plasma membranes A. form as a direct consequence of the amphipathic nature of phospholipids. B. have an asymmetric distribution of lipids. C. have a symmetric distribution of membrane associated proteins. D. A and B E. A, B and C Based on the relative size of the three (a, b & c) non-polar molecules depicted, the one that would mostly likely require a transporter molecule to cross the membrane is

23.

a
A. B. C. D. E. 24.

a b c a or c can not tell from size alone

The resting membrane potential of a cell A. depends on the relative permeability of non-polar ions. B. never changes while a given cell is alive. C. depends on the relative permeability of charged ions. D. is the same for all cells. E. all of the above.

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The diagram below depicts a typical action potential as described in your textbook. Based on this diagram, which of the following statements about the conformation of the voltage-dependent Na+ channel is correct?

A. B. C. D. E. 26.

The channel is open at A and inactivated at B. The channel is open at A and inactivated at C. The channel is inactivated at B and open at C. The channel is closed at A and open at C. The channel is open at A and closed at B.

A binding site on a protein is A. an area of the protein with a shape complementary to that of a ligand. B. determined by the amino acid sequence of the protein. C. formed by a region of amino acids that must be adjacent to each other on a polypeptide chain. D. A and B E. A, B and C One intracellular compartment, the lysosome becomes acidified by pumping H+ ions into it. This acidification process A. is aided by the outflow of K+ ions from the lysosome. B. is aided by the outflow of Cl- ions from the lysosome. C. is aided by the outflow of K+ and Cl- ions from the lysosome D. is aided by the inflow of Cl- ions into the lysosome. E. is aided by the inflow of K+ and Cl- ions into the lysosome

27.

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In the diagram below, the rectangles represent strands of two different beta-sheets in a newly discovered protein. Based on how the N- and C-termini are indicated, the

N C

A. B. C. D. E. 29.

white sheet is anti-parallel and the black sheet is parallel. white sheet is parallel and the black sheet is anti-parallel. white sheet is parallel and the black sheet is parallel. white sheet is anti-parallel and the black sheet is anti-parallel. parallel-ness of the sheets can not be determined.

The fluidity of a membrane A. is important to the function of membrane associated proteins B. depends on the nature of the fatty acid tails of phospholipids C. depends on the amount of cholesterol in the membrane D. A and B E. A, B and C A membrane channel can be gated by A. mechanical forces such as stretch. B. external ligands C. internal second messengers D. voltage E. all of the above. Acetylcholine gated channels freely conduct the following ions INTO the cell A. Na+ B. K+ C. Ca2 + D. A and C E. A, B and C

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The diagram below depicts a cell with a negative resting membrane potential. Ion X is distributed such that it is four times more concentrated outside then intside of the cell. Ion Y is twice as concentrated inside then outside of the cell. Based on this diagram which statement below is correct?

Y+
X+

Y+

X+
A. B. C. D. E. 33. For X, the chemical gradient tends to force X out of the cell but this is counteracted by the electrical gradient keeping X in the cell. For Y, both electric and the chemical gradients tends to force Y out of the cell. For X, the chemical gradient tends to force X into the cell but this is counteracted by the electrical gradient pushing X out of the cell. Both electrical and chemical gradients tend to move X out of the cell. Both electrical and chemical gradients tend to move X into the cell.

In the diagram below of a lipid bilayer, the phospholipids are depicted similar to that in the textbook (hatched oval is the head group and tails are gray bars). If the black boxes labeled A, B or C represent a cholesterol molecule, which one(s) correctly depict the placement of cholesterol in a bilayer?

A. B. C. D. E. 34.

A B C B or C A or C

The helix and sheet are found in many different proteins because they are formed by A. hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. B. noncovalent interactions between amino acid side chains and the polypeptide backbone. C. hydrophobic interactions between the many nonpolar amino acids. D. ionic interactions between charged amino acid side chains. E. hydrogen bonding between the amino acid side chains most commonly found in proteins.

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You are studying a new enzyme. You begin by assuming a Glu residue near the active site is crucial for enzymatic activity. Indeed, you think you are right because activity is abolished when you convert this Glu residue to an Ala, and activity is restored when you convert it to a A. Asp B. Ser C. Val D. Gly E. Lys In a protein, non-covalent interactions include all of the following BUT A. hydrophobic interactions B. peptide bonds C. van der Waals interactions D. H-bonds E. salt bridges Membrane proteins perform various functions for a cell including A. ion transport. B. maintenance of structural integrity. C. recognition of extracellular signaling molecules (ligands). D. A and C E. A, B and C The tertiary structure of a protein is primarily determined by A. interactions between all of the individual subunits of the complete protein. B. the level of ATP hydrolyzed during folding. C. H-bonds between main chain carboxy and amine groups. D. hydrophobic interactions that trap water inside the final protein structure. E. non-covalent interactions between existing alpha-helices and/or beta sheets. The simultaneous uptake into a cell of glucose and Na+ ions A. makes use of a symporter B. requires the Na+ ion concentration gradient C. requires the direct hydrolysis of ATP by the carrier. D. A and B E. A, B and C Peptide bonds A. form the backbone of a polypeptide chain. B. have an inherent polarity reflected in the N- and C-termini of a protein. C. form such that adjacent "R" groups are placed in cis to each other. D. A and B E. A, B and C
R groups come out in TRANS, gave credit D or E sinec it appeared many people did not know what cis meant.

36.

37.

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No. in No. on Q-Bank Test 12 38 1 11 4 2 11 50 3 11 2 4 12 28 5 4 54 6 11 8 7 11 51 8 11 15 9 4 28 10 12 78 11 12 43 12 12 80 13 4 30 14 4 25 15 12 100 16 11 39 17 11 43 18 11 45 19 12 83 20 4 45 21 11 47 22 12 87 23 12 57 24 12 70 25 4 9 26 12 98 27 4 50 28 11 20 29 12 64 30 12 99 31 12 101 32 11 35 33 4 37 34 4 55 35 4 33 36 11 33 37 4 7 38 12 33 39 4 53 40

Answer Key for Test exam1(F06), 9/26/06 Correct Answer A B A A A B B B B A A A B A B C A B B E C D C C A D D C E E D E B A A B E E D D

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