I.

For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the words given in brackets: 1. Please hurry up! (wish) 2. Its very late. We really ought to be leaving. (time) 3. It would be nice to know his opinion. (wish) 4. Please keep it a secret for the time being. (rather) 5. Its a pity that youre going away so soon. (wish) 6. Would you mind not smoking at table? (rather) 7. He really should find himself a regular job. (time) 8. My parents would prefer us to live in the country. (rather) 9. When is the weather going to improve? (high time) 10. Please stop making so much noise! (wish) II. Complete the sentences with a passive construction, using the verbs given and in the form suggested. (NB. The term infinitive includes the infinitive without to.) 1. Much of London (destroy) by fire in the seventeenth century. (Past simple) 2. The man who (bite) by a snake (give) a serum. (Past perfect, past simple) 3. A leader should be a man who can (respect). (Infinitive) 4. Many slumps (demolish) to make way for new buildings. (Present progressive) 5. The police (instruct) to take firm action against hooligans. (Present perfect) 6. He (save) from bankruptcy by the kindness of a friend. (Past simple) 7. A cease-fire (expect) (declare) later this week. (Present simple, Infinitive) 8. A great deal of research (do) into the possible causes of cancer. (Present progressive) 9. The worker claimed that he (victimize) by his employers. (Past progressive) 10. The tenant (evict) for not paying his rent. (Past simple) 11. It (think) that the Government would do something to help. (Past perfect) 12. Three hundred new houses (build) by the end of next year. (Future perfect) 13. Because of a strike, work on the building had to (discontinue). (Infinitive) 14. The witness strongly objected to (cross-examine). (Gerund) 15. (Threaten) by a blackmailer, he immediately informed the police. (Perfect participle) 16. Im not accustomed to (treat) in that way. (Gerund) 17. The passengers ought (inform) that the train (withdraw) from service. (Perfect infinitive, Past perfect) 18. Customers (ask) to ensure that they (give) the correct change before leaving the shop, as mistakes cannot afterwards (rectify). (Present simple, Present perfect, Infinitive) 19. Was he very upset at (not offer) the job? (Gerund) 20. The man was sent to prison for six months, (find) guilty of fraud. (Perfect participle) III. For each of the following sentences, write another sentence as similar as possible in meaning, using the verb in brackets together with a preposition and a gerund: 1. The customer said that the cashier had tried to overcharge her. (accuse) 2. Many people pass their driving test only at the second attempt. (succeed) 3. Concert-goers are asked not to smoke in the auditorium. (refrain) 4. The solicitor talked his client out of taking legal action. (dissuade) 5. If a customer gets poor service, you cant say its wrong of him to make a fuss. (blame) 6. The hijackers wouldnt let the passengers leave the plane. (prevent) 7. The student said he was sorry that he had missed the previous lesson. (apologize)

8. Visitors to the zoo are not allowed to feed the animals. (prohibit) 9. Despite my obvious lack of interest, the party bore said he had to tell me the rest of his story. (insist) 10. The police think that the owner of the store started the fire himself. (suspect) IV. Complete the sentences with a suitable tense or form of a verb ending in fy, according to the definitions given in brackets: 1. He was so enraged that nothing I could say or do would him. (calm or quieten down) 2.This new motor policythe holder against all risks. (give safeguard or protection by means of insurance) 3. The rescued climbers said they had drunk hot chocolate to themselves against the cold. (support or strengthen) 4. After months of negotiations, the two sides have now the new agreement. (confirm or formally accept) 5. In our tour of the factory, we saw the molten metal being poured into moulds, where it quickly (become hard or firm) 6. The witness that he had seen the accused leaving the house at around midnight. (give evidence) 7. Even some experts are as to how the Government arrived at the latest set of trade figures. (puzzle, bewilder) 8.There are many who believe that the use of force in pursuit of political ends can never be(show to be right, reasonable, or proper) 9. Independent auditors were called in to the figures given in the Companys annual accounts. (check the truth and accuracy of) 10. In England, one must follow a three years course of training to as a teacher. (become entitled to work) 11. The chief negotiators conciliatory remarks during the talks were completely by a public statement he made later. (make useless, make null and void) 12. The speaker was invited to some of his earlier remarks, which had caused quite a stir among the audience. (make larger or fuller, give more details relating to)

V. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it: 1. Youd better try to talk to him. Its time 2. I loathe rudeness and laziness. I cant 3. I would prefer her not to talk so much. Id rather 4. They are selling a valuable collection of paintings. A valuable collection of paintings 5. Her work finished, she felt relieved. Not before 6. I dont want to ever meet him again. Id rather 7. We shall have a game of tennis provided the weather keeps fine. Weather 8. Dont give up! Try again! Id rather 9. They tried hard and yet they failed again and again. However 10. It takes twenty minutes to walk to school. Its

VI. Comment upon the following texts: A. TACKLING DIFFICULTIES It is easy to procrastinate, but this habit can increase your stress in two ways. First, you may feel guilty about leaving the task undone. Second, you are building up stressful time pressure for the future. Procrastination is itself a symptom of stress. For example, a decision may involve taking a risk, or a necessary action may loom ahead. Your reaction to these stress factors may be to delay the evil hour. That is bad stress management. You will still have to grasp the nettle, and will pass more stressful hours, days, or months before you do so. Do it now! B. USING STRESS POSITIVELY A crisis can descend out of the blue, or build up over months. It can affect everyone in an organization, or may be entirely personal, but it is important not to allow yourself to slump into despair. In fact, you can turn the stress of a crisis to your advantage. Because stress raises your levels of adrenaline, you can harness that extra energy to resolve the emergency successfully, if that is feasible. Begin by assessing what can actually be done and whether the crisis can be cured. Then start to recover from the disaster. You will benefit from the healthy stress of constructive achievement under pressure. C. TAKING ACTION On taking action to reach your goals, you have two options. One is to follow your chosen path regardless of events. The other is to observe all the outcomes, and to adapt your plan, radically if need be, to improve the chances of success. The first sometimes works, but equally can lead to disaster. The second course contains the risk that, by pulling back in the face of adversity, you will miss the initial objective when it could have been reached. The correct approach uses elements of both options. Provided the objective still makes sense, concentrate your drive on reaching that goal. D. BEING POSITIVE Any decision, from starting an enterprise to accepting a new job, has an upside and a potential downside. When facing any risk, adopt the best mental attitude and concentrate on the positive potential, the upside. But be aware that there is always a downside. It is best to always consider, even if subconsciously, what will happen if the worst comes to the worst. If the downside is personally unacceptable, look for ways of limiting the risk . E. MASTERING MINDSET Drive and energy suggest physical attributes. It is true that, just as some people are born with greater physical powers, so certain psychological gifts are innate. But there is a critical similarity between the physical and the mental. Everybody can choose and reach a target for personal success. By concentrating on that objective, you will generate drive towards achieving the end. You can multiply your energy by channelling it towards the purpose on which your mind is set.