ENGINEERING METALLURGY HOMEWORK # 4

1. From the microscopic examination of a lead/antimony alloy, it is found to contain 50% antimony and 50% lead-antimony eutectic by volume. Assume that lead and antimony are completely insoluble in the solid state and that the eutectic contains 12% antimony by weight. Calculate the percentage weight composition of the alloy. (Specific gravities of lead and antimony are 11.35 and 6.32, respectively) 2. Two hypothetical metals, A and B, are completely insoluble in the solid state. A eutectic forms at 30% A. The specific gravities of A and B are 7.00 and 11.00, respectively. Consider an alloy of specific gravity 8.33. i) What is the percentage weight composition of this alloy? ii) What is the weight percentage of the primary phase and that of the eutectic? 3. Two alloys of A and B: one contains 20% A and the other contains 70% A, are to be melted together and homogeneously mixed. In what proportion must these two alloys be mixed so that the resulting microstructure of the obtained alloy consists of pure primary A and eutectic in the ratio of 1 to 4? Assume that A and B form a eutectic at 40% A, and that the specific gravity of A is 3/4 that of B> Neglect any solid solubility. 4. Gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) are completely soluble in both the liquid and the solid states. The solidus and liquidus show neither a maximum nor a minimum. A 30% Pt alloy begins to freeze at 1400C by separating crystals containing 70% Pt., while the 90% Pt alloy begins to melt at 1600C giving a liquid 70% Pt. The melting points of gold and platinum are 1063C and 1760C, respectively. i) Draw the equilibrium phase diagram (to scale) ii) For an alloy containing 20% Au, give the freezing and melting temperatures. iii)At a temperature 30C below the initial freezing temperature, give the compositions and the relative amounts of the liquid and solid present in equilibrium. iv) Plot the time-temperature (cooling) curve for this alloy v) Sketch the microstructure of this alloy, if cooled slowly. 5. Two metals A and B, have melting points of 600C and 900C, respectively. They are assumed to be completely soluble in the liquid state. An alloy of 30% A separates crystals of pure B, while an alloy of 80% A separates crystals of pure A. An alloy of 60% A has a constant freezing point An alloy containing 10% A, completely solidifies at 400C, while at 800C it consists of 50% solid / 50% liquid. An alloy of 35% has a solidification range of 300C, while the solidification range of a 70% A alloy is only 100C. An alloy containing 50% A has a freezing point equal to that containing 80% A. i) Plot the equilibrium diagram to scale. ii) Find the composition and the percentages of phases present at 500C and 300C, for the two alloy compositions: 80% A and 20% A. 6. Copper (Cu) melts at 1083C and silver (Ag) melts at 961C. A eutectic is formed at 780C and contains 72% Ag. At the eutectic temperature, the solid solubility of silver in copper is 7%, while that of copper in silver is 9%. The solubility of each one into the other at room temperature is assumed to be 1%.

i) Draw to scale the equilibrium diagram; show all points, lines and areas. ii) For the alloys containing 5% Cu, 28% Cu, 80% Cu and 95% Cu, draw the cooling curves showing the temperatures of initial and final solidification iii)Sketch the final microstructure for the alloys of part (ii) iv) At temperatures 30C of the melting points, state which phases are present, their composition and relative amounts. v) What proportion of eutectic does each contain at 780C and at room temperature?