Envelope Detection of Amplitude Modulated Signal Objective:

1- To examine both time & frequency displays of an AM signal. 2-To measure the percentage modulation (m %), and the percentage of total power in both sidebands and in the carrier versus the modulation index (m). 3- To investigate the use (& limitation) of envelope detection in demodulating AM signals. Theory: A conventional amplitude modulated signal is expressed as ( Where Ac is the constant m is the modulation index ( m <=1) wc is the carrier angular frequency , vm(t) is the normalized modulating wave form (| | ( ) m can be obtained as ) ( )

the envelope wave form of the modulated carrier is given by ( ) ( ( ))

when using single tone modulation, the envelope wave form will given as ( ) ( ( ))

Fig. 1 shows the time and frequency domain representation of a signal tone amplitude modulated signal.

Consider the situation when the AM signal given by Eq.() is applied to the input terminal of the simple diode circuit shown in Fig.(1). In this case, when the switch (S) is in the OFF position, then the circuit will act as a simple half wave rectifier and the output wave form (Vo1) will be as shown in Fig.(3). To extract the envelope of the AM signal, a capacitor C is connected across the shunt resistor R ( see Fig.(2)). At each positive peak of the modulated carrier, when the diode is forward biased, the capacitor C up to a potential that is equal to the peak of the applied voltage minus the drop across the diode . when the diode is reverse biased between the positive peaks, some of the charge on the capacitor leaks off through the resistance R . the voltage wave form across the output of the detector Vo2 will be as shown in Fig.4. The output voltage of the detector reproduces the envelope of the input signal to the detector, but with reduced magnitude and some carrier frequency ripple. The current that flows through the diode takes the form of pulses occurring near the positive peak of each carrier cycle. For a sinusoidal modulated signal, if the time constant of the detector is chosen such that ( )

The detector can always follow the message envelope. Procedure: B Envelope Detection 1. Try to generate AM signal using the existing Function generators. 2. Show the effect of changing the modulating signal on the shape of the modulated signal. Discuss the result. 3. Connect the envelope detector circuit shown in Fig( ). Check the output signals before the switch and after. Draw the displayed signals 4. Use the spectrum analyzer to find the frequency domain for the Am signal and detected signals.

5. Calculate the efficiency of the envelope detector and draw it. 6. Discuss the result .