EE207 Electrical Power

Lecture 5 Three phase transformers

Three Phase Transformers

A three phase transformer can be built in one of two ways:
Connecting a bank of three single phase transformers Constructing a three phase transformer on a common magnetic structure

There are four possible connections for a three phase transformer:

Y-Y: the primary and secondary of the three phase trans. are connected in Y configuration. This connection is rarely used because of problems with exciting current and induced voltages.
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Three Phase Transformers

-: primary and secondary connected as delta. This has the advantage of being able to operate even if one of the phases is removed for repair. The remaining two phases can deliver 3 power at reduced ratings of 58%. Y-: primary is connected as Y and secondary as . Commonly used to step down a high voltage to a lower voltage. -Y: primary is connected as and secondary as Y. commonly used to step up the voltage. The following shows the schematics of different configurations of three phase transformers.
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Three phase Transformers

a

Y-Y
1 1'

-
1 1'

2 c

2' C

2 c

2' C

3'

3'

-Y
1 1'

Y-
1 1'

2 c

2' C

2 c

2' C

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3'

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3'

Three Phase Transformers

Y-Y I
A VLNp VLp B C Ils a VA1
3 1 2 3 1 2

Lp

Single phase
ILP Ils Vls 3 N1:N2

Vls Vls b c
VLP 3

Relationships

N1 VLP = a= N 2 Vls

3 I LP 1 = and 3 I ls a
5

The impedance transformation :

Rajparthiban Kumar EE207 Z p = a 2 Z s Electrical Power

Three Phase Transformers

-
A ILp VLp B N1 C N2 b c
I LP 3 I ls

Single Phase
Ils
3

a Vls
VLP 3

ILP

Ils Vls 3 N1 N 2 : 3 3

Relationships
N1 VLP = a= N 2 Vls Z p = a2Zs
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3 I LP 1 = and 3 I ls a

The impedance transformation :

Three Phase Transformers

Y-
A VLNp VLp B C ILp VA1
3 1 2

Single Phase
Ils
I ls 3

a Vls
VLP 3

ILP

Ils Vls 3 N1 : N2 3

N2

b c

Relationships
VLP Vls 3 N1 I LP 1 = = 3a and = 3 N2 3 I ls 3a

The impedance transforma tion : Z p = ( 3a ) 2 Z s

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Three Phase Transformers

-Y
A ILp VLp B N1 C b c
I LP 3
3 1 2

Ils a Vls Vls

VLP 3

Single Phase
ILP Ils Vls 3 N1 : N2 3

Relationships
VLP Vls I LP 3 N1 3 a 3 and = = = N2 I ls a 3 3

The impedance transforma tion : a 2 Z p = ( ) Zs 3 EE207 Electrical Power Rajparthiban Kumar

Three Phase Transformers

Phase Shift (Y-)
ILp A VLNp VLp B C
-vna

VA1
3 1 2

Ils
I ls 3

a Vls

N2

b c

Note that for Y- transformer, the primary line voltage is leading the secondary line voltage by 30o.

vcn

vca
120o -vnb

=30
120
o

120o

van
120o

120o

=30
120o

vab

vbn
-vnc

vbc = 3vbn
vbc

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EE207 Electrical Power

Three Phase Transformers

Phase Shift (-Y)
A ILp VLp B N1 C
-vna

Ils a

I LP

3
3 1 2

Vls Vls b c
vcn

Note that for -Y transformer, the primary line voltage is lagging the secondary line voltage by 30o.

vca

120o

-vnb

120o

=30

=30
120o 120o

120

120o

van

vab

vbn

vbc
-vnc

vbc = 3vbn

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EE207 Electrical Power

10

Three Phase Transformers

Changing load into equivalent Y A Balanced load can be converted into equivalent Y as:
ZY = Z 3

IL

IL

Z Z

ZY =
VL

Z 3

ZY =

Z 3
VL

Z ZY = 3
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11

Three Phase Transformers

Example: Three 1, 50 kVA, 2300/230V, 60 Hz transformers are connected to form a 3 4000/230 V transformer. The equivalent impedance of each transformer referred to the low voltage side is: 0.012+j0.016. The 3 transformer supplies a 3 load, 120kVA, 230V, p.f. 0.85 (lagging).
Draw a schematic diagram showing the transformer connection. Determine the transformer windings current. Calculate the voltage regulation.
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