CHAPTER 4 : SYSTEM UNIT COMPONENTS SYSTEM UNIT Case that contains electronic components of computer used to process data.

Motherboard System board, called as system board: main circuit board of system unit. PROCESSOR Also called as CPU : interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer. Processors developed : microprocessor dual-core processor quad-core processor multiprocessor Control units Arithmetic logic unit -components of processor that directs and -performs arithmetic, comparisons, and other coordinates most of operations in computer. operations. Machine cycle System clock -a processor repeats 4 basic operations -control timing of all computer operations -fetch > decode > execute > store -GHz DATA REPRESENTATION -most computers are digital, recognize only two discrete state : on (1) , (0)off. -using binary system MEMORY -Consists of electronic components that stores instructions waiting to be executed by the processor. -basic categories : operating system , application program, data that being processed Bytes and addressable memory Basic storage unit in memory Memory sizes In terms of number of bytes of chips or device has available for storage Types of memory Volatile Nonvolatile Loses contents when computers off. Temporary. Dont lose contents when computer off. RAM Permanent. ROM, flash memory, CMOS RAM -random access memory -basic type : DRAM , SRAM , MRAM Cache -computers improve processing time with cache. Memory cache helps speed the processes of computers because it stores frequently used instructions and data. -type of memory : L1 cache, L2 cache ROM -read-only memory. -cannot modifies. Has firmware(Chip). Flash memory -nonvolatile that can be erased electronically n rewritten. Computer used it to hold startup instructions CMOS -complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) used by some RAM, cache, and other chips to high speeds and consume little power Memory access time -amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instructions, information from memory.

EXPANSION SLOTS AND ADAPTER CARD Expansion slot : socket on motherboard that can hold adapter card/expansion card. Adapter card : circuit board that enhance functions of a component of system unit and/or provide connection to peripherals Peripheral : device that connected to system units and controlled by processor Removable flash memory Include these : memory card, USB flash drives, PC cards/ ExpressCard modules PORT AND CONNECTORS Port : point at which peripheral attaches to or communicates with system unit so peripheral can send data to or receive information from computer Connector : joins cable to a port USB ports -universal series bus port 127 different peripheral FireWire ports -IEEE 1394 port, can connect multiple types of devices that requires faster data Other ports -bluetooth port -SCSI port -eSATA port -IrDA port -MIDI port Port replicators and docking stations Port replicator : external device that provides connections to peripherals through ports built into device. Docking station : external device that attaches to a mobile computer or device, contains power connections to peripherals BUSES -allows various devices both inside and attached to system unit to communicate with each other. -two part : data bus, address bus. -system bus (FSB) : part of motherboard, connect processor to main memory -backside bus (BSB) : connects processor to cache BAYS -opening inside system unit in which can install additional equipment. POWER SUPPLY -component of system unit that convert wall outlet Ac to Dc power KEEPING COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE CLEAN Maintenance requires: - Can of compressed air - Lint-free antistatic wipes and swabs - Screen cleaning solution - Small computer vacuum - Antistatic wristband - Small screwdriver