1.

As a coastal area manager, you have a marine erosion problem in your working area. Explain at least 3 (three) option to solve that problem with regard to the field condition as follows The affected region cover tourism area and settlement There is a river adjacecent to the settlement and a jetty is installed at the place A series of ground have been installed along the beach at the tourism area

Problem solving Based on the problems mentioned above, the selection of alternatives to be taken to tackle marine erosion that occurs to consider the various factors affecting the abrasion on the coastal. Because the areas affected by coastal erosion is a tourism area and settlement, other than that adjacent to the mouth of the river and a jetty is istalled at the place. Making jetty made will increase the capacity of the river to flow water and prevent sediment at the mouth of the river mouth. he flow of water through the river would mix with seawater in the estuary, with the mixing and meeting point that is affected by the discharge, wave and tidal. In a meeting between the two different water masses can be ensured at the river mouth occurred sediment deposition patterns both was carried by the river as well as the rate of sea sediments. Sedimentation in the estuary may affect the flow of the river due to reduced drainage capacity, and even closed the mouth of the river. Several methods of controlling marine erosion that can be done is as follows. 1. a. Management of estuaries River mouth is always open So that the mouth is always open stream is needed two long jetty to avoid sedimentation in the groove and the formation of sand bars. Sedimentation is caused by sediment movement in a direction perpendicular to the coast and along the coastal sediment transport. Jetty is made a long jutting into the sea until the tip is at a depth where no sediment motion occurs. The depth is beyond the breaking waves. Location breaking waves are constantly changing due to the ebb and flow. The determination of long jetty is based at low tide water level, wave height was based on a plan wave. The length of the jetty on the left and right are not necessarily the same, depending on the direction of the dominant wave. Because sediment transport along the shore blocked entirely, there will be great changes in the coastline around the building. n the upstream will happen sedimentation (accretion) was going to happen next downstream erosion that can harm. In order to combat erosion in downstream jetty needs to is made erosion control structures such as revetmen, groins, breakwaters or combination. Deposition of sand at the mouth of the river is still possible if the shoreline change has reached the end of the jetty, so the transport of sediment along the coast can cross and into the mouth of the river.

b. River mouth can closed In this alternative, there are two options, namely fixed or river mouths should move. Deflection river mouths can cause increased length it, which are hydraulically may reduce the ability to skip the debit. In addition, the deflection can be eroded areas are in turn the river channel. To resist deflection estuaries, need to be made jetty being, short jetty, building on a cliff mouth of the river, or the routine dredging sediment. If the mouth of the river is allowed to bend, the handling can be done by dredging sediment at the mouth of the river. Dredging of sediment at the mouth of the river is an alternative treatment simplest and cheapest. Dredging done at the beginning of the rainy season. To get the maximum flow is needed dredging volume of which can be done with heavy equipment. Jetty construction will cause a change in shoreline. With the building that jutted into the sea, the beaches around the mouth will change, sediment will move from its source and then stuck in the upstream direction of sediment movement building, so in this section undergo deposition. Presence of suspended sediment supply had led to decreases in the downstream direction so that the location of the erosion. On the right side of the jetty building shoreline will advance from the initial conditions, the developed coastline can be used as reclaimed land so it can be used as open space and tourist areas In order to combat erosion in jetty downstream needs to is made erosion control structures such as revetmen, groins, breakwaters or a combination. 2. Construction of groins With the construction of groins along the tourist area, it can be used to stop the longshore transport, groins to accumulation of longshore drift modify the shore who then tried to re-arrange the natural form of beaches, Direction-driven waves towards the groin sometimes turned to the sea in the form of reverse flow (rip current) along the side of the groin. In this way the groin can increase the number of sediment moving into the sea, the percentage of longshore transport that passes through the groin depending on the size of the groins, fillet size, water level and wave conditions, Longshore drift happens to fillet the fillet is prevented from reaching the bottom where the sand is weak balance. Groin is a construction placed along the shoreline, in the upright position coastline. Groin is designed to protect areas along the coast which is a tourist area of the erosion caused by the movement of sediment parallel to shore (littoral sediment transport). Generally construction of rubble mound groins such construction or pile of stones in the form of natural stone and artificial stone, Caisson concrete, plaster, pillar designed equal, but some groins made of wood construction. shore protection using a single groin is not effective, because the shoreline changes that occur are not too large. shore protection is performed using a series of building that consists of several groins are placed at a certain distance. In mounting groin on coastal tourism, its determination must be based on bathymetric data and sediment data. Determination groin layout is based on length it and structure

of the distance between groins. Normal spacing between groins is based on the minimum distance is not eroded beaches. In the construction of groins there are drawbacks, namely the construction of groins on the shore eroded due to onshore offshore transport can accelerate erosion, shore protection to the groin can cause erosion downstream. So to overcome this is to be built breakwater

Figure 1. groins 3. Constructions of breakwater Breakwater is placed separately at a certain distance from the shoreline to a position parallel to the beach. Breakwater structure is intended to protect the beach from wave hit coming from offshore. The working principle of the breakwater is to harness wave diffraction. Due to the diffraction of waves will cause influence on sediment transport are taken, one with the formation Tombolo behind the breakwater position.

Determination of the length breakwater based on objective coastline desired formation, namely Tombolo or Salient. Tombolo is sedimentation formed just behind the breakwater construction. Tombolo occurs when the distance between the breakwater and the shoreline is smaller than the length the breakwater. While Salient was formed by sedimentation at the shoreline. Some ways of handling of the above solution is hard, because the area which is the mouth of the river (estuary) are dominated by muddy substrates below the sediment yield fresh water and sea water the prevention of coastal erosion can also be done by soft solution. 4. Planting herbs coastal protection Planting herbs coastal protection (mangroves, palm trees and fires) are made to the shore argillaceous, because the mangroves and shore argillaceous tree fires can grow well without the need for complex treatment. mangroves and Avicennia can reduce wave energy reaching the beach so shore sheltered from wave attack. Planting mangroves may also accelerate the growth of the beach because the roots of the mangrove trees will retain sediment / mud that swept away so that precipitation will occur around the mangrove trees. Mangroves can also serve as a refuge for fish and marine life, so as to preserve the life around the beach. Mangroves also serve as a producer of oxygen and as a counterweight to the preservation of the coastal environment. In order to function effectively required a lot of mangrove seedlings and required a very wide area for conservation of mangroves. Treatment in the early days of planting mangroves is also necessary, because mangrove trees take a long time to be able to function well as a wave barrier. It required careful planning and integrated mulaimenanam, nurture and care mangroves.