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INDIA PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

What you have to learn

Based on altitude the regions of India can be divided into

different physiographic divisions.

Topography, water, soil, climate, vegetation etc are the most

important factors that influence habitation in a place.

The physiographic divisions of India are the great Himalayan

ranges, the Northern plains, the Peninsular plateau and the
coastal plains.

Indian rivers can be classified as Himalayan Rivers and

Peninsular Rivers.

Different types of soils are distributed in India.

India can be divided into different regions based on the

amount of rainfall.

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72o

68o
36o

76o

80o

84o

88o

92o

Afghanistan

92o

INDIA

36o

States
Jammu Kashmir

28o

k
Pa

is

n
ta

Rajasthan

Ch
Ti
Ne

pa

be

Sikkim

Uttar Pradesh

Assam
Meghalaya

Gujarat

Chha
ttisga
rh

Madhyapradesh

Daman and Diu

20
Dadra & Nagar
Haveli
o

16

West
Bengal

Andhra
Pradesh
Goa

Nagaland
Manipur
24o

Mizoram

Myanmar

Orissa

20o

16o

Bay of Bengal

Karnataka

Arabian Sea
Tamil Nadu Pondicherry
P

la
Kera

Lakshadweep

an and
Andam Islands
r
Nicoba

8o

Indian Ocean
72o

28o

Maharashtra

12o

Bangladesh

ura

Jharkhand

l
cha
a
n
h
Aru rades
P

Bhutan

Bihar
24o

32o

ina

Trip

Him
Pra achal
des
h
Chandigarh
Punjab
Uttaranchal
Haryana
Delhi
vNew Delhi

32o

International Boundary
State Boundary
Pondicherry

76o

Sri Lanka
80o

12o

8o

Indira Point

84o

88o

92o

figure 5.2

Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003

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Social Science II
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INDIA
Physiography

Afghanistan

rth

ou

No

Ch

rn

he
Nort

k
Pa

st

an

n
N
Gr tain re epal
ea
gion
tP
lai
ns

Ti

be

ina

t
Bhutan

Bangladesh

Pe

s
nin

ula

la
rp

te

Myanmar

au

Bay of Bengal

Arabian Sea

Lakshadweep
{Sri

an and
Andam Islands
r
Nicoba

Northern Mountain region

Great plains of the North
Peninsular plateau
Coastal plains

Lanka

Indian Ocean
figure 5.3
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003

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Pamir

Northern Mountain
Ranges

Kunlu
n

e
ag
sR
ila
Ka

ga
Na

Khasi Garo
Jaintia hills

Hill

ri al
ad ch ik
m a al
Hi Him Siw

Sul
ai
Ran man
ges

La
da
Za kh
ske
r

m
ora
rak
Ka

sh
uku
Hind

figure 5.4
The height of the mountain ranges
gradually decrease as they approach the
eastern parts of the Northern mountainous
regions. This region with an average height of
Greater/Inner Himalayas
z

The highest mountain range

of the Himalayas.

Under perpetual snow, these

ranges have an average
height of about 6000m.

Mountain peaks with a height

of more than 8000m are
situated in this mountain
range. (Eg: Kanchenjunga8595m,
Nangaparbat8126m)

500m to 3000m above MSL is known as the

Eastern highlands (Purvachal). The thickly
forested Khasi-Jaintia hills in this region are
the worlds rainiest (wettest) spots.

Lesser/Middle Himalayas
z

Situated to the south of the

Himadri

Average height is above

3000m

Many health resorts are situated on the southern slope of

the mountain range, eg:
Shimla, Darjeeling.

The source of Ganges and

Yamuna

Outer/Lower Himalayas
z

This is the outer most range,

situated on the south of the
lesser Himalayas.

These discontinuous ranges

join the lesser Himalayas in
the extreme east.

Its average height is about

1200m

There are several elongated

and flat valleys running
parallel to the mountain
ranges. They are called
duns. (Eg: Dehradun)

Table- 5.1

Indu
s

76

72

S u tl e

84

ga

Ch

bal
am

Ya

Bhopol
Indore

mu

ng

es)

Ch o t a

MYANMAR
20

B
t

16

ndel

Madras

l e ro

on

Islands

Cor

Co

Andaman

oma

Bangalore

a n
A n d a m

Coast

PHYSICAL FEATURES
OF INDIA

Madurai

Nicobar
0

100

200

300

400 500 km

Colombo
80

0
84

100

200

300 mi
88

Islands
92

e
76

SRI LANKA

12

t
as
C o

MAP NO. 3665 UNITED NATIONS

JANUARY 1992

ah a

e
r D

Krishn Hyderabad
a

G
a r
l a b
v e
M a
d i
c a
L a c

72

ve
Ganges Ri

REPUPLIC
OF
MALDIVES

Dhaka

Calcutta

n adi
Cuttack

I N D I A

P l a t e a u

Lakshadweep

24

ta

Pune

12

Imphal

Na g p u r

P l a t e a u

16

Gauhati

Bombay

ar i

P l
a i n

D e c c a n
dav

Thimphu
tr a
BHUTAN
map u
rah

Patna

Nagpur

Go

28

BANGLADESH

V i n d h y a Na r m a d a a n g
e
R
S a t p u r a
20

A Kathmandu
L

Ga

na

s
Lucknow
(

Kanpur

24

Ahmadabad

a
E

an

Agra

Jaipur

96

Y arlun g Zangb o

N
G

at
re

New Delhi
esert
nD
a
i
Ind

an a

m
Y am

28

92

C H I N A

s
du u s
In
d
n

88

The boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply

official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

PAKISTAN

80

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Afghanistan

Ch

Satlej

Ga
ng
a

Tsangpo

na
mu
Ya

Ne

ak
nd
Ga

Ke
n

Bhutan

Tista
Ga
ng
a

tra
pu
a
hm
Bra

Bangladeshv

Son

Narmada
Tapi
Pen
Go
gan
dav
ga
ari

Luhith

Subansiri

pa
Go
l
ma Gh
agh
thy
ara

bal
Cham
a
tw
Be

Luni

ina

Ga lake
ng Mana
oth
saro T i b
var e t
ri

Manas

an

e
lak Indu
lu ar
s
W
Ch
en
ab
m
lu
e
Jh Ravi Beas

Kosi

Pa

st
ki

INDIA
Rivers

Ma
ha
na
di

Damodar
Hoogly

Myanmar

i
var
da
Go

Arabian Sea

ra
had
b
a
g
Tun

Krishna

Bay of Bengal

an and
Andam Islands
r
Nicoba

Cauvery
Pe
riy
ar

Lakshadweep

Sri Lanka
Indian Ocean
figure 5.5
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003

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Social Science II
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Afghanistan

i
ak

a
st

INDIA
Peninsular Plateau

Ti
Ne

pa

Ch
be

ina

nge
a
R
li
val
Ara
Malwa plateau Bundelkhand
hills
sula
ahal
in
n
m
e
j
p
a
h
R
Kachch
range
indhya
ar
lls Baghelkhand
V
w
i
ia
h
th
v
a
K
e
ade
la Satpura rang
Mah l range Chota Nagpur
Peninsu
a
k
plateau
i
Sa
Ma
Ma
har
ash
tra
pla
tea
u

tma
la

Ajantha hills

Tela
plat ngana
eau

n
ca
c
De

Nilg
iri
Ana hills
mu
di

Myanmar

Bay of Bengal

Lakshadweep

an and
Andam Islands
r
Nicoba

ts
gha
n
r
ste
We

Arabian Sea

Bangladesh

u
tea
pla
h
r
ga
attis
Chh

Easter
n ghat
s

Bal
agh
at r
ang
e
u
a
e
lat
p
a
au
ak
te
nat
a
r
l
a
K
p

Bhutan

Sri Lanka

Indian Ocean
Figure- 5.6
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003

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Afghanistan

INDIA
South West Monsoon
Season
Srinagar

July 15

an

15
June N

Delhi
Ju

Ti

Chandigarh

b e June10
t
ep
al

Patna
1
July
15
June

Bhutan

Lucknow

Jaipur

ly15

ina

Shillong

Bangladesh

Imphal

Myanmar

Dacca

Bhopal
Ahmedabad

June
1

Pa

st
ki

Ch

Jun
e5

July 1

Kolkata
Nagpur
Bhubaneswar

Mumbai

So
m uth
on w
so est
on

June10
Hyderabad

Goa

Chennai

Jun

e5

Bangalore

Thiruvananthapuram
{Sri

June
1

Lakshadweep

Bay of Bengal

an and
Andam Islands
r
Nicoba

So
u
mo th w
nso est
on

Arabian Sea

Lanka

Indian Ocean
Figure- 5.7

Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003

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Afghanistan
Sep

INDIA
North East Monsoon
Season

tem
ber

pte

15

Se
mb
er

Srinagar

1
1
er
tob
Oc

ak

a
ist

Ti

Chandigarh

Ne

Delhi

te
Sep

mb

Ch

pa

Bhutan

Lucknow

Jaipur

er 1

be

ina

Shillong

Patna

Bangladesh

Sep

tem

1
ber

Bhopal

Dacca
Kolkata

No
Morth E
nso ast
on

Ahmedabad

Imphal

Myanmar

Nagpur
Bhubaneswar
October 15
November 1

Mumbai
Hyderabad

November 15
December 1

Goa
October1

No
Morth E
nso ast
on

De
cem
ber

Lakshadweep

15

No
ve
No
mb
ve
er
mb
1
er
1

Oc
tob
er
1

Bangalore

Bay of Bengal

an and
Andam Islands
r
Nicoba

Arabian Sea

Chennai

Dec
emb
er 1

Thiruvananthapuram

Sri Lanka

Indian Ocean
Figure 5.8

Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003

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Afghanistan

INDIA
Distribution of
Rainfall

Ch

k
Pa

ist

an

Ti
Ne

be

pa

ina

Bhutan
`qm

Bangladesh

Myanmar

Bay of Bengal

Arabian Sea

Lakshadweep

an and
Andam Islands
r
Nicoba

More than 200cm

100-200cm
60-100 cm
Less than 60cm

Sri Lanka

Indian Ocean
Figure 5.9
Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of Surveyor General of India. Government of India, Copyright 2003

10

Struttura delleconomia indiana

DATI PRINCIPALI
Superficie
Popolazione

3.287.263 Kmq
1.027.015.000 ultimo censimento Marzo ' 01, ma la stima
a luglio 2006 era di 1.095.000.000
Forma istituzionale
Repubblica federale di 29 stati e 6 territori dellUnione
Unita monetaria
Rupia Indiana (la convertibilit limitata alle partite correnti
eccezion fatta per gli investitori stranieri)
Anno fiscale
1 aprile 31 marzo
Misure
Sistema metrico decimale. Numeri frequentemente espressi
in LAKHS (100.000) e CRORES (10 mln)
Lingua
Sono diffusi 18 principali idiomi. LHINDI il pi diffuso
parlato dal 38% della popolazione, mentre linglese
comunemente usato nel mondo economico.
Religione
Induisti (82%), Musulmani (12.1%), Cristiani (2.3%),
Sikh (1.9%), alter (1.7%)
Sede di governo
New Delhi
FONTE: EIU, Indian Economic Survey 2002-2003

QUADRO ECONOMICO DI BASE, INDICATORI GENERALI 1999-2003

PIL a prezzi correnti

(mld Rupie)
PIL a prezzi correnti (mld
US$)
Variazione annuale del PIL
reale (%)
Inflazione media prezzi
al consumo ( %)
Popolazione (mln)
Riserve valutarie escluso
oro (mln US$)
Debito estero totale (mld
US$)
Tasso di cambio medio
Rs:US$

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004*

19.369

20.589

22.821

24.695

26.525

444,4

450,7

478,5

510,2

571,4

7,1

3,9

5,1

4,6

8,1

7,3

4,7
4
3,8
4,3
3,8
997,9 1,014,00 1.030,00 1.045,80 1.061,60

4,4

32.667

37.902

45.871

67.666

98.903

98,3

99,1

97,3

98

101,3

106,6

43,06

44,94

47,19

48,61

46,58

45,51

Fonte: EIU Economist Intelligence Unit 2004

* previsioni EIU