1.

INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of a cell phone jammer is to jam a cell phone signal in a designated area. Cell phone jammer is radio frequency equipment which produces a RF signal to beat the cell phone frequency and effectively jam the signal which results no service to any type of cell phone such as CDMA and GSM in the range of 800MHz to 900MHz. The jammer described here is for 900MHz range. Once the cell phone jammer is operating, all mobile phones present within the jamming coverage area are blocked and cellular activity in the immediate surroundings is jammed. Presently, cell phones are regularly used by millions of people all over the world. Because we can use a cell phone from just about anywhere to talk to anybody it is one of the greatest inventions for social and business life today. Even though cell phones have many advantages it eventually arises problems such as their potential use to invade privacy, contribute to academic cheating, even aid in industrial espionage. Its great to call anyone at anytime. Unfortunately, restaurants, concerts and temples all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking. Who hasnt seethed through one side of a conversation about an incredibly personal situation as the talker shares intimate details with his friend as well as everyone else in the area. While most of us just grumble and move on, some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate. As mentioned above, these situations will cause a nuisance, to avoid these problems we need to implement jammers. Disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any other type of radio communication. A cell phone works by communicating with its service network through a cell tower or base station. A jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies as the cell phone, disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower. This is called a denial of service attack. The jammer denies service of the radio 1

spectrum to the cell phone users within the range of the jamming device. As with other radio jamming, cell phone jammers block cell phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that cellular phones use. This causes enough interference with the communication between cell phones and towers to render the phones unusable. On most retail phones, the network would simply appear out of range. Most cell phones use different bands to send and receive communications from towers. Jammers can work by either disrupting phone to tower frequencies or tower to phone frequencies. The jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers, indoor and outdoor settings, presence of buildings and landscape, even temperature and humidity play a role. The possible application areas of jamming system are areas. temples. Eliminate public nuisance in places like movie theaters, restaurants and Prevent industrial espionage where mobile units are used as bugging devices. Counter terrorism threats such as remotely detonated bombs in high risk

Project Objective
The project involves the design and development of cell phone jammers to block all the cell phones within the designated area. This device will disrupt cellular communication with respect to the following Operate in the 900MHz band. It has a two meter effective blocking radius.

2. SYSTEM CONCEPT
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The heart of the system is the RF oscillator .The frequency of the oscillator is 900 MHz. This is the carrier frequency of the jammer. This frequency is modulated by the modulating signal given to the base of the transistor and the modulated output is obtained across the collector terminal. This modulated output is connected to the antenna, which converts the electric signal into electromagnetic signal and transmits it into the space. The receiver, which is the cell phone in our case, receives the transmitted signal and tries to demodulate the signal. Since this signal is not within the bandwidth of the cell it displays "Network Busy" on the LCD panel. Since the power of the transmitter is greater than the original signal transmitted from the cell phone tower the cell phone will not respond to the original signal. This project effectively jams the cell signals. The heart of the circuit is formed by the MCU, which is used to generate a square wave. This signal is fed to the integrator and it is mixed with noise which is generated by the noise generator in the active mixer. This low level signal is feed to VCO circuit module, which generates the equal frequency of RF spectrum to be jammed. The RF signal is then feed into a critical tuned BPF and is feed to amplifier then the amplified signal is fed to high power RF module for further amplification and terminated to antenna. Electronically speaking, cell-phone jammers are very basic devices. The simplest just have an on/off switch and a light that indicates it's on. More complex devices have switches to activate jamming at different frequencies.

3. OPERATION
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As with other radio jamming, cell phone jammers block cell phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that cellular phones use. This causes enough interference with the communication between cell phones and towers to render the phones unusable. On most retail phones, the network would simply appear out of range. Most cell phones use different bands to send and receive communications from towers (called frequency division duplexing, FDD). Jammers can work by either disrupting phone to tower frequencies or tower to phone frequencies. Smaller handheld models block all bands from 800MHz to 1900MHz within a 30-foot range (9 meters). Small devices tend to use the former method, while larger more expensive models may interfere directly with the tower. The radius of cell phone jammers can range from a dozen feet for pocket models to kilometers for more dedicated units. The TRJ-89 jammer can block cellular communications for a Interestingly enough, less energy is required to disrupt signal from tower to mobile phone, than the signal from mobile phone to the tower (also called base station), because the base station is located at larger distance from the jammer than the mobile phone and that is why the signal from the tower is not as strong. Older jammers sometimes were limited to working on phones using only analog or older dgital mobile phone standards. Newer models such as the double and triple band jammers can block all widely used systems(CDMA, iDEN, GSM, et al.) and are even very effective against newer phones which hop to different frequencies and systems when interfered with. As the dominant network technology and frequencies used for mobile phones vary worldwide, some work only in specific regions such as Europe or North America.

3.1 Components of a Jammer Include

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Antenna Every jamming device has an antenna to send the signal. Some are contained within an electrical cabinet. On stronger devices, antennas are external to provide longer range and may be tuned for individual frequencies. Circuitry The main electronic components of a jammer are

Voltage-controlled oscillator Generates the radio signal that will interfere with the cell phone signal.

Tuning circuit Controls the frequency at which the jammer broadcasts its signal by sending a particular voltage to the oscillator.

Noise generator Produces random electronic output in a specified frequency range to jam the cell-phone network signal (part of the tuning circuit).

RF amplification (gain stage) Boosts the power of the radio frequency output to high enough levels to jam a signal.

Power Supply Smaller jamming devices are battery operated. Some look like cell phone and use cell-phone batteries. Stronger devices can be plugged into a standard outlet or wired into a vehicle's electrical system. The jammer's effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers, indoor & outdoor settings, presence of buildings and landscape, even temperature and humidity play a role. There are concerns that crudely designed jammers may disrupt the functioning of medical devices such as pacemakers.

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Micro Controller

Integrator M

VCO

LCD

Noise Generator

Band pass filter

RF antenna

Amplifier

Figure 4.1: Block Diagram of a Cell Phone Jammer

Pow er Mod ule

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4.1 Block Diagram Description

Microcontroller The Microcontroller we used here is AT89C51, manufactured by Atmel Company. It is used to generate square wave. It is a 40-pin IC. Integrator It takes input as the square wave generated from Microcontroller, and converts it into a triangular wave. Ideally, we want a "ramp" or "triangle" waveform which is fed to mixer and then this signal is applied to the voltage tune pin on an external Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO), the resulting RF output will be "swept" across the entire tuning band. This is what is needed for wideband jamming applications. Noise Generator It generates a noise signal and it is mixed with the triangle wave signal. This noise will help in masking the jamming transmission, making it look like random noise to an outside observer. Without the noise generator, the jamming signal is just a sweeping, un modulated continuous wave RF carrier. Mixer The input to this mixer is a triangle wave and a random "noise" signal. These signals are mixed to form a new, "noisy" triangle waveform. When applied to the VCO, the resulting RF signal will "sweep" across the cellular downlink frequencies, and will be Frequency Modulated (FM) with the noise signal. Voltage Controlled Oscillator The voltage controlled oscillator is the most important component in a cellular jamming system. It is an electronic oscillator designed to control oscillation frequency by a voltage input. It is little four-terminal device (Power, Ground, RF Output, and Voltage Tune) which generates the required, low-level RF output signal. The output from VCO is fed to RF amplifier for further amplification.

RF Amplifier It is a device which may take a small RF signal and amplify it. The cheap & easiest source of these amplifiers is from old cellular phones themselves. Some cellular phones will use broadband RF power "hybrid" modules which helps to make their construction easier and smaller. Liquid Crystal Display Liquid crystal display a type of display used in digital watches and many portable computers. LCD displays utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light. Microcontroller directs LCD to display the character that is programmed in the software. Antenna Antenna is used to radiate transmitting frequency and generates RF energy. Every jamming device has an antenna to send the signal. Antennas are external to provide longer range and may be tuned for individual frequency. Power Supply All the electronic components starting from diode to Intel ICs only work with a DC supply ranging from +5V to +12V. We are utilizing for the same, the cheapest and commonly available energy source of 230v-50Hz and stepping down, rectifying, filtering and regulating the voltage.

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

5.1 Power Supply

D 1 1

IC1 7812

IC1 780 5

+12V

9 V

+9V

230A C

C1

C 2

C 3

C 4

D 2 1

X 1
Figure 5.1: Circuit diagram of +9v & +12v full wave regulated power supply

5.2 Circuit Description

Step-down Transformer The transformer rating is 230V AC at Primary and 12-0-12V, 1Ampers across secondary winding. This transformer has a capability to deliver a current of 1Ampere, which is more than enough to drive any electronic circuit or varying load. The 12V AC appearing across the secondary is the RMS value of the waveform and the peak value would be 12 x 1.414 = 16.8 volts. Rectifier Stage The two diodes D1 & D2 are connected across the secondary winding of the transformer as a full-wave rectifier. During the positive half-cycle of secondary voltage, the end A of the secondary winding becomes positive and end B negative. This makes the diode D1 forward biased and diode D2 reverse biased. Therefore diode D1 conducts while diode D2 does not. Filter Stage Here Capacitor C1 is used for filtering purpose and connected across the rectifier output. It filters the A.C components present in the rectified D.C and gives steady D.C voltage. As the rectifier voltage increases, it charges the capacitor and also supplies current to the load. When capacitor is charged to the peak value of the rectifier voltage, rectifier voltage starts to decrease. As the next voltage peak immediately recharges the capacitor, the discharge period is of very small duration. Voltage Regulation Stage Across the point D and Ground there is rectified and filtered D.C. In the present circuit KIA 7812 three terminal voltage regulator IC is used to get +12V and KIA 7805 voltage regulator IC is used to get +9V regulated D.C. output. In the three terminals, pin 1 is input i.e., rectified & filtered D.C. is connected to this pin. Pin 2 is common pin and is grounded. The pin 3 gives the stabilized D.C. output to the load.

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5.3 Features

Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Programmable Serial Channel Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

5.4 Description
The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full-duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU

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while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning.

6. MOBILE JAMMING AND DISABLERS TECHNIQUES

There are different approaches to prevent mobile phones from ringing in specific area, the main five approaches used or being developed are described in RABC Mobile & Personal Communications Committees (M&PCC) meeting of June 22, 1999 [1], these techniques are summarized in this section.

6.1 1- Type "A" Device

In this device we overpower cell phone's signal with a stronger signal, This type of device comes equipped with several independent oscillators transmitting jamming signals capable of blocking frequencies used by paging devices as well as those used by cellular/PCS systems control channels for call establishment. When active in a designated area, such devices will (by means of RF interference) prevent all pagers and mobile phones located in that area from receiving and transmitting calls. This type of device transmits only a jamming signal and has very poor frequency selectivity, which leads to interference with a larger amount of communication spectrum than it was originally intended to target. Technologist Jim Mahan said, There are two types. One is called brute force jamming, which just blocks everything. The problem is, its like powerwashing the airwaves and it bleeds over into the public broadcast area. The other puts out a small amount of interference, and you could potentially confine it within a single cell block. You could use lots of little pockets of small jamming to keep a facility under control.

6.2 2- Type "B" Device

This device also called "Intelligent Cellular Disablers devices", and it does not transmit an interfering signal on the control channels. The device basically works as a detector, and it capable to communicate with the cellular base station. When the 4 device detects the presence of a mobile phone in the "silent" room; a prevention of authorization of call establishment is done by the software at the base station. The device signals the 12

base station that the target user is in a quiet room; therefore, do not establish the communication. Messages can be routed to the users voice- mail box, if the user subscribes to a voice- mail service. This process of detection and interruption of call establishment is done during the interval normally reserved for signaling and handshaking. This intelligent device as its name imply can recognize emergency calls and also can allow specific pre-registered users to use their mobile phones for a specified duration. Although this device sounds the best solution for disabling mobile phone, a provision is needed by the cellular/PCS service providers or provision by a third party working cooperatively with full support of the cellular/PCS service providers, allowing the detector device to be integral part of the cellular/PCS systems.

6.3 3- Type "C" Device

This device also called "Intelligent Beacon Disablers ", as in the type "B" device it does not transmit an interfering signal on the control channels. The device, when located in a specific "silent" room, functions as a beacon and any compatible terminal is ordered to disable its ringer or disable its operation. In the coverage area of the beacon only terminals which have a compatible receiver would respond and this should be built on a separate technology from cellular/PCS, for example Bluetooth technology. Also the handset must re-enable its normal function as it leaves the coverage area of the beacon. The need for intelligent handsets with a separate receiver for the beacon receiver from the cellular/PCS receiver, make effective deployment for the type "C" device will be problematic for many years.

6.4 4- Type "D" Device

This jammer is similar to type "A" , but with a receiver, so that jammer is predominantly in receive mode and when the device detects the presence of a mobile phone in the "silent" room; it will intelligently choose to interact and block the cell phone by transmitting jamming signal. This jam signal would only stay on as long as the mobile continues to make a link with the base station; otherwise there would be no jamming transmission. Thus this device much less electromagnetic pollution in terms of raw power transmitted and frequency spectrum from the type "A" Jammer, and therefore much less 13

disruptive to passing traffic. This technique could be implemented without cooperation from PCS/cellular providers. Also this technique has an added advantage over Type B in that no added overhead time or effort is spent negotiating with the cellular network.

6.5 5- Type "E" Device

This technique is using EMI suppression techniques to make a room into what is called a Faraday cage. Although labour intensive to construct, the Faraday cage essentially blocks, or greatly attenuates, virtually all electromagnetic radiation from entering or leaving the cage or in this case a target room. With current advances in EMI shielding techniques and commercially available products one could conceivably implement this into the architecture of newly designed buildings for so-called quietconference rooms. Emergency calls would be blocked unless there was a way to receive and decode the Emergency Call transmissions, pass by coax outside the room and retransmitted.

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7.

APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

7.1 Applications
The applications of the Cell Phone Jammed are as follows To maintain silence in Libraries and Lecture Halls. To avoid fraud in examination halls. To avoid disturbance in class rooms. For providing security in business conference, board of directors rooms, seminars, etc., For providing calm and peaceful atmosphere in Hospitals. Church/Mosques/Cathedral/Temple/Religious establishment. To keep solemn mode in religious ceremony by removing unwanted noise of mobile phones. Movie Theaters/Cinemas. To avoid trouble of ringing mobile phones during the movies is on. To maintain silence for study activities. Government Buildings. To maintain a silence in Recording Studios. Mobile Phone Free Zone and Prohibited Areas.

7.2 Main Application Areas

Oil and Gas Stations, Theatres, Recording Studios, Banks, Religious Places, Court Room, Conference Rooms, Police & Defence Departments, Classrooms, Hospitals, Libraries, Tendering Rooms, Museums, Prisons, Courts, Customhouses etc.

7.3 Main Features of the Project

800 MHz and 900 MHz operated hand sets can be paralyzed.

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Uses very low output power to transmit signal and does NO harm to human health. Compact size and light weight. Can be installed and operated easily.

7.4 Future Developments

One can add many regional frequency bands to the present system without much change in the hardware. The Microcontroller chips software can be upgraded to handle the entire added frequency channel with the help of suitable RF Transmitter. This project is open for developments from all sides. It is the users imagination which limits the working of this project. One can go on adding the extra, rich features to this project.

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8. CONCLUSION
Cell phone jammer effectively jams the operation of cell phone such that providing high security to mankind. It is flexible for future expansion also. Cell phone jammer can be effectively used in all area for maintaining security of data. Cell phone Jammer is an instrument used to prevent cellular phones from receiving signals from or transmitting signals to base stations. The jamming generator must have all technical parameter equal to a cell phone and the output power should be more than the signal available in that area. The task of jamming a cell signal or preventing cell phone from receiving or transmitting signals is somewhat difficulty. To achieve this task, the jammer must high grade of hopping generator, with good bandwidth. When used, the Jammer effectively disables cellular phones. These devices can be used in practically any location, but are found primarily in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive because silence is expected.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Electronic Communication Systems George Kennedy Electronics in Industry - George M.Chute Principles of Electronics - V.K.Mehta Telecommunication Switching, Traffic and Networks J.E.Flood The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems - Mazidi The Microcontroller Idea Book - Axelson

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