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Your body consists of trillions of cells. These cells rely on energy/fuel (glucose) in order to carry out their function, ability to repair them self, replication, and protect them self from damage. Every cell in your body has between 100 and 100,000 insulin receptor sites (the part of the cell that insulin attaches to, thus allowing glucose to pass through the cell wall). When we eat food, our body breaks that food down into usable vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and energy (glucose: through proteins and carbohydrates), and the part of our food that is not used, is passed through your intestines for elimination (like fiber which also serves a purpose). Vitamins help perform activities like protecting cells from damage, guide mineral utilization, and regulate cell and tissue growth. Minerals are used to build cell walls, and amino acids allow chemical reactions to occur that help cells function and work together properly - and the fuel that keeps this whole operation going is glucose. When you eat food and create glucose (usable energy) your blood-glucose levels rise; a healthy body recognizes this and a chemical signal tells the beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin. Once the blood-glucose levels are low, another chemical signal tells the pancreas to stop secreting insulin. The reason for this is because glucose moves throughout your body in the bloodstream, but cannot enter cells (where it is needed) without insulin. Insulin facilitates the transportation of glucose across the cell membrane without insulin, glucose cannot pass through the cell wall and cannot be used. Without insulin, it is possible to eat a lot of food (and produce plenty of glucose), but never get the glucose into the cell where it is needed, causing the cell to starve, even though the necessary energy is right outside its cell wall. When insufficient insulin is produced, or receptor sites become insensitive this causes diabetes (the Hallmark of hyperglycemia) too much glucose in the blood.
TYPE 2 Diabetes: Linked to Insulin Resistance Syndrome IRS IRS is when your body produces insulin, but the receptor sites on the cells do not recognize it (or are
clogged), or the insulin is not properly attaching to the receptors in all cases this decreases the glucose transfer into the cells, leaving the glucose in the blood. With IRS most glucose is eventually stored in fat (typically in the stomach area). Because the glucose is not used, it is still seen by the body, and your body continues to release insulin. Too much insulin in the blood will also cause serious problems (especially in the liver), because the sugar is not being used, the insulin does not stop being produced (like a faucet that you can not turn off). Symptoms of this include: Frequent Urination, Excessive Thirst, Hunger, Unusual Weight Loss, Weakness, Fatigue, Irritability, Blurred Vision, Slow Wound Healing, Skin and Gum Disease, Tingling or Numbing in Hands and/or Feet, Itchy Skin. It is your livers job to remove insulin from the blood, but if your liver is damaged (liver disease or excessive drinking) it cannot effectively carry out this process. If insulin stays in the blood too long, it will cause fatty deposits in the liver, damage your cardiovascular system, and cause serious
damage primarily to your heart and brain (two organs that are primarily lipid based - composed of fatty acids). If insulin is not removed from your blood, over time, this could cause: Blindness, Burning Foot Syndrome, High Blood Pressure, Insufficient Blood Circulation (especially to the lower extremities), Kidney Failure, Nervous System Diseases, Gum Disease, Stroke and many other health issues. Too much glucose in the blood over time will allow the glucose to bind or cross-link to organs, especially organs that have a high lipid content (comprised mostly of fatty acids) like the heart and brain. Once proteins and glucose bind or cross-link to lipids they become severely degraded (weaker structure) and become only marginally functional. This weakness can affect DNA structure within the cells, which can lead to cancer. Compromised cells produce 50 times more free radicals than healthy cells, exposing you to oxidative stress! If this is not addressed, your body will release chemical signals that increase the production of inflammatory chemicals which leads to arthritis. Your blood vessels, nerve cells, kidneys, and retina are most vulnerable to the binding and cross-link process.
meals), so it is important to have good liver function (when drinking, your liver will process alcohol BEFORE its function of releasing glucose, so it is never a good idea to drink after a workout, or on an empty stomach).
Foods like bread, grains, beans, brown rice, whole-grain pasta, and starchy vegetables should serve as the foundation of your diet (at least 6 servings a day). As a group, these foods are loaded with vitamins, minerals, fiber, and healthy carbohydrates.