A1-104

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CIGRE 2008

AT SITE TEST AND SERVICE EXRERIENCE VERIFICATION OF THE PINCIPALLY NEW TURBOGENERATOR TYPE-ASYNCHRONIZED AIR COOLED ONE I.Y. DOVGANJUK I.A. LABUNETS L. G. MAMIKONYANTS VNIIE V.E. ZINAKOV E.V. CHERNISHOV MOSENERGO (RUSSIA) SUMMARY The air cooled 110 MW synchronized (two axis excited) two pole turbogenerator T3FA-110 type has been described briefly in the CIGRE Session 2004 paper A1-103. The prototype of this machine has been put in operation in the one of Moscow thermal power plants in 2003 December. Additionally to the standard testings carried out earlier (in the manufactures test-bed and in this power plant before commissioning) the machine has been specially tested at site to verify its correspondence to the specific for asynchronized machine requirements namely the possibility to consume large amount of reactive power and to operate at the reserve conditions synchronously or asynchronously in the cases of exciter failures or abnormal conditions. The T3FA-110 prototype has been installed to operate in parallel with traditional single axis excited synchronous turbogenerator T3F-110 of the same capacity 110 MW. Both machines have been connected to the power plant bus-bars 220 kV via their step-up transformers. This bus-bar load schedule has been characterized by the necessity to absorb respectively high amount of reactive power from the network during several night hours and all holidays. As it is known traditional synchronous turbogenerators are not the best machine for such operation because of low stability levels at underexcited operation. Just this view has determined the decision to install asynchronized turbogenerators in addition to the traditional ones. Reactive power should be consumed by the T3FA 110 mainly. Test results of stator and rotor temperature measurements have shown that T3FA-110 prototype may be used in the wide ranges of active and reactive power values rated ones. Temperature rises of all machine parts have been permissible ones. It has been confirmed that the machine can absorb reactive power of 115.8 MVAr at zero active power. Specially conducted tests have corroborated the possibility to continue machine operation in reserve regimes in the cases of some abnormalities in one or in both exciter circuits, or if some work should be done there. The reserve regimes are the following: - synchronous with one or two rotor windings connected to the single frequency converter of the exciter; active power being up to 90-100 MW, but such operation is limited by reactive power consumption (down to 20 30 MVAr); L.A. KADI-OGLY N.D. PINCHUK ELECTROSILA PLANT

dir@vniie.ru

- asynchronous without excitation at all; both rotor windings being short-circuited; such operation limited by armature current: active power up to 60-62 MW; rotor slip 0,07% only. All reserve operations to and fro passing are automated. The T3FA-110 prototype has been successfully used in the power plant more then 3.5 years. It has worked out 20-30 GWh of electric energy; the average active power being about 100 MW, and reactive power consumption about - 45 MVAr. The latter is limited by the possibility of the power plant auxiliary network voltage decrease, but not by the generator. No forced outages caused by rotor and stator of T3FA-110 took place. Several exciter failures and abnormalities were there at the first period of the machines use. They had no connection with asynchronized machine principles of operations and design. In all such eases T3FA 110 had not been disconnected from network, but automatically passed to the reserve regimes. The general conclusion has been that the T3FA-110 prototype meets specified requirements: Consequently-such machines may be recommended for manufacturing and application in Russia. KEYWORDS Asynchronized turbogenerator Active power Reactive power Generation Consumption Test Temperature Measurement - Asynchronous operation - Synchronous operation Excitation.

INTRODUCTION This paper may be considered as continuation and development of the CIGRE 2004 Session paper A1 103 [1] devoted to the two axis excited (or so called asynchronized) turbo generator development in our country. It has been indicated there that among the others the prototype air cooled 110 MW asynchronized turbogenerator T3FA- 110 has been manufactured and tested at the manufactures test bed. As it has been planned this generator has been put in service in 2003 December in one of the Moscow thermal power plants. Since that time it has been thoroughly tested and used for active and reactive power generation and for the latter consumption. Additionally the indexes of machine operation and condition have been monitored. The goals at these tests and monitoring may be subdivided in two groups: The first to verify effectiveness of the asynchronized machine particular operation features and advantages. The second general standard machine condition and its excitation and control device settings checking. The aim of this paper is the brief representation of the first group results. TURBOGENERATOR T3FA-110 RATINGS AND MAIN DESIGNS FEATURES The ratings of T3FA-110 are given in the table I. Table I. Main T3FA 110 ratings Operating parameters Apparent capacity Active power Power factor lagging Power factor leading Units MVA MW Values 115.8 110 0.95 0.95

Armature voltage Armature current Excitation current Speed of rotation Efficiency Reactive power at rated active power: - generation - consumption Reactive power consumption of zero active power

KV A A min-1 % MVAr MVAr MVAr

10.5 6367 2325 3000 98.1 36.2 36.2 115.8

The machine is air cooled, direct for rotor windings and body, and stator core, but indirect for stator windings. Class F insulation is used for stator and rotor windings. The following permissible temperature values have been specified: a) stator core steel 1200 C and stator windings 135o C, measured by the embodied thermodetectors; b) rotor windings 1350 C measured by resistance method; c) stator core steel 150oC and structural elements 2000C , measured by the additionally installed thermodetectors. Cold air rated temperature + 400C. Stator windings are of the traditional for synchronous turbogenerator design. It is the same concerning basic part of the stator core. But its end zones are of the special structure [1] preventing the possibility of their overheating when the machine operate at underexcited condition. Rotor has two similar mutually orthogonal excitation windings. Consequently its structure is essentially different and more complicated than that of the traditional synchronous turbogenerator rotor. [1]. Similar conclusion is true for the T3FA 110 excitation system consisting of two identical thyristor converters as its main elements [1]. Having in mind planned at site tests and operational monitoring the T3FA 110 prototype has been equipped not by the standard measurement sensors only but by many additional ones ( thermal, vibration, noise etc). CONDITIONS OF THE T3FA 110 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION IN THE POWER PLANT The asynchronized turbogenerator T3FA 110 prototype has been installed in the one of Moscow thermal power plants to operate in parallel with traditional single axis excited synchronous air cooled turbogenerator T3F 110 of the same capacity 110 MW. Both generators are connected with power plant 220 kV bus-bars via their step-up transformers, the bus-bars being connected with one of the large Moscow network substations. The particularity of this power plant load schedule consists of reactive power consumption from the network very frequently in night hours and practically during whole holidays. Such operation could not be ensured reliably enough by traditional synchronous turbogenerator. Just this point has been the main reason to install asynchronized turbogenerator in this power plant in addition to the traditional synchronous ones. Both- T3FA 110 and T3F- 110 have been used to generate active and reactive power, but practically the T3FA 110 only to absorb reactive power from the network.

THE T3FA 110 TESTING UNDER STEADY STATE ASYNCHRONIZED OPERATION To avoid misunderstanding let us begin with the explanation that the term Steady state asynchronized operation is used here for the condition at which both rotor windings are energized and controlled separately the machine normally running synchronously or asynchronously with very low slip but in the case of network disturbance or if needed it may be automatically passed in any time to controlled transient operation, the rotor speed of rotation being changed if necessary. The tests have been carried out under wide range of active and reactive power values; namely 20 108 MW and - 94 + 44 MVAr respectively. The generator has been connected via step up transformer to the power plant 220 kV bus-bars, which voltage being practically constant ( U 1,5%). Permanently installed standard measurement devices and in addition temporary ones have been used for measurements. Analyses of data obtained have shown that stator and rotor parts temperature rises, vibration speed and noise levels are below specified ones. On the base of test and operational measurement data the P-Q diagram for the system of generator step-up transformer-power plant bus-bars has been plotted. It is shown in figure 1.

Q MVA

Figure 1. T3FA-110 PQ diagram in respect to the power plant HV bus-bars (224.6 kV): 1 rated armature current limitation; 2 rated rotor current limitation; 3 asynchronous operation without excitation at all: x measured data.

Because of step-up transformer reactance the area bordered by this diagram is a little less than that of the machine itself its terminal voltage being rated one and constant. Anyhow it is seen in figure 1 that the generator can absorb reactive value power of high value from network. It has been equal to 98 MVAr. The recalculation of the latter to the condition of constant rated armature terminal voltage has resulted by value of -115 MVAr, which corresponds to the specified rated value.

It may be noted, that the highest temperature rises were registered under condition of active and reactive power generation, but not of the latter consumption. Stator core end zone temperature rise of 770 C only was measured when the machine had been under condition of 95 MVAr consumption. T3FA-110 RESERVE OPERATION CONDITION TESTS The possibilities to continue active power generation in the cases of some excitation system abnormalities are another asynchronized generator advantages. The T3FA-110 has been tested at site under the following reserve operation conditions: - two controlled synchronous ones: a) two rotor winding energized from one of two exciter converters; b) one rotor winding energized only, the second being short credited; - uncontrolled asynchronous ones, both rotor windings being short eructed, or closed via resistances, or open; The last two conditions should not be practically used; they have been tested for the research purpose only. Reserve steady state operations as well as their to and fro passing processes have been studied. Both synchronous steady-state operations with two and single energized rotor windings have been checked at conditions of 90-100 MW active power generation; reactive power consumption being essentially limited (down to - 20 25 MVA). Passing to and fro such operations have not caused transient of particular interest. Steady-state asynchronous operations of the T3FA-110 are limited by armature current. The test result obtained are graphically shown in figure 2.

Figure 2. Steady-state asynchronous characteristics of T3FA-110: 1 armature current limitation: 2, 3, 4 asynchronous characteristics at rotor winding short-circuited, closed via resistances and open respectively.

It is seen in the figure that the active power maximum value was abound 61 MW the rotor windings being short-circuited. Very low slip of about 0,07% corresponds to this power. As it has been indicated above just this operational condition only is considered as reserve one for practical use. Corresponding P-Q curve is shown in figure 1. Active power maximum values approximately of 54 MW correspond to the other two excitation winding conditions (closed via resistors or open); the rotor slip being a little higher (~0,10 0,11%). Open wind5

ing voltages are low (~50 V). As it has been indicated above these two operation conditions are not considered as practically recommended reserve. The T3FA-110 passing to and fro reserve asynchronous operation are automated. Both processes proceed smoothly without any complications. Turbine output power is decreased if is needed automatically. As an examples T3FA-110 passing from normal operation condition to asynchronous one and back are shown in figures 3 and 4.

sec sec

Figure 3. Passing from normal operation to asynchronous one 1 bus-bur voltage; 2 - generator voltage 3 armature current; 4 - active power; 5,6 rotor winding currents; 7 - reactive power

Figure 4. Passing from asynchronous operation back to the normal asynchronized condition. 1 generator armature voltage; 2 armature current; 3 active power; 4 rotor winding currents; 5 reactive power

Thus the tests carried out have shown the usability of both reserve operations the synchronous and asynchronous ones in the cases the exciter circuits abnormalities or some work to be carried out there. GENERAL REVIEW OF THE T3FA-110 OPERATION IN THE POWER PLANT One of the indicated above main functions of T3FA-110 has been reactive power consumption during all holidays and several hours practically every night.

Consumed power as a rule has been limited by the value of 45 MVAr. This limitation has been determined by the possibility of impermissible decrease of the voltage of the power plant auxiliary system network fed from the generator armature winding terminals via step-down transformer whose tap changer has not been used because of unreliable condition. An examples of this generator load changes are shown in figure 5.
MW MVP
P MW

kV

Q MVA

Figure 5. T3 FA-110 load schedule since 5 up to 13, july of 2005 1-active power, 2-reactive power, 3- 220 kV-busbar voltage.

The reactive power consumption test values down to ~ - 95 MVAr were obtained the unit auxiliary network being fed from the other source. There have not been the T3FA-110 forced outages caused by any stator and rotor failures or abnormalities. But at the beginning of the generator use there were several failures and abnormal operating conditions in the excitation system. All of them had no relation to the asynchronized turbogenerator design and operation principles . All cases have been inspected and analysed by the manufacturer. Due to elimination of the revealed defects the excitation system now is operating reliably. It seems to be of interest and of importance to underline that in all cases of excitation system outages or partial defects the generator was passed to asynchronous or synchronous reserve operation and had continued to generate active power.

CONCLUSION Results of the at site tests and operational experience have corroborated that T3FA110 prototype fully meets the specified requirements and may be recommended to operate with utilization of the main asynchronized turbogenerator advantages. Such machines have been recommended to be manufactured and used in the Russian power systems. BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] L.A. Kadi-Ogli, L.G. Mamikonyants, Yu. G. Shakaryan, Yu.D. Vinitzhky. Two axis excited turbogenerator development in Russia to meet some modern electric power industry requirements (CIGRE, 2004 Session, paper A1-103, p.8).