RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

END-TERM TEST-NMP 2011-12 [OPEN BOOK EXAMINAION]

Duration: 2 Hours
1. Fill in the blanks: a. A statistical test, used to test whether the underlying distribution of two samples with ordinal data is same, is __________________________. b. A multivariate method used to reduce the dimensionality of the problem is known as __________________________. c. A measure that quantitatively represents how two variables are linearly related is called __________________________. d. The appropriate statistical test for testing the null hypothesis H o: 12 = 22 is __________________________. [4]

Marks: 60

2.

Anglo-Indian Research Associates conducted a survey for a very famous departmental store situated in Pitampura, Delhi. In their questionnaire, one of the questions was - Why dont you shop at our store? It was an openended question and the following responses were collected from various respondents and the respondents were the people who visited the departmental store. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) (xi) checkout lines are too long lousy fresh fruit selection parking lot is too small no on-duty butcher store hours are too short too few meat choices not enough frozen foods no seafood selection not enough floral assistance need more baggers to carry groceries for seniors difficult to buy goods on holidays as the store is closed

(xii)

Parking charges are very high and they should not be per hour

basis You are supposed to suggest a proper codification for the above responses so that the future analysis of the data can become comfortable. [6] 3. In RM projects of the NMP24, some groups are found to report the following results in their projects. You are supposed to identify whether their results are acceptable or they have done the processing wrongly. For example, if a group is using a test related to the nominal data for the ordinal data, then it is not correct and they must use some other test. If you find something has been done wrongly, then GIVE REASON why that is the wrong way of doing the same; and if you find that the group has done correctly, then there is no need to mention the reason.

(i)

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(ii)

(iii)

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And, the question number Q No.14 is given below:

14 How does Smoking ban in public places affect your smoking habits in these places? (Examples: ) restaurants, bowling alley, movies, m streets, workplaces etc all, parks, ) o I neverused to smoke in these places o I do not currently smoke in these places, after ban is imposed o I stillsmoke in these places, despite ban is imposed

[5 x 3 =15] 4. Assume that while processing and analyzing data of the project your group has undertaken for the RM Course, you have faced the following problems/situations/challenges. Suggest or answer how your group should handle them or take care of them. (i) Data about Annual Income of the respondents is obtained as per the actual in rupees. But, your group wants to make the following categories for the Annual Income for analysis purposes: Less than Rs. 1 Lakhs Rs. 1 Lakhs Rs. 2.5 Lakhs 4|Page

Rs. 2.5 Lakhs Rs. 5 Lakhs Rs. 5 Lakhs Rs. 10 Lakhs Rs. 10 Lakhs and Above

Suggest how it can be done in SPSS. (ii) One of your group members sent an email to you saying that he is not able to understand the difference between Variable Names, Variable Labels and Value Labels used in SPSS. You are requested to prepare a reply highlighting the difference between the same. (iii) Assume that in your research project you have taken opinions of Workers and of Management about working hours in a week. Which test your group should use to test whether there is fairly good degree of agreement in their opinions about the working hours in a week. [2 X 3 = 6]

5.

Please answer the following questions based on the Case Study given at the end - A CASE STUDY ON DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION. While answering the following questions, one must write the following in his/her answer sheet: Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis Name of the Test Used for testing the Null Hypothesis. The reason for the Test to be used.

(i) (ii) (iii)

Can one conclude that the Analytical Abilities of executives with different sun-signs are same? (based on Pretest Analytical Score) Do you think that the Out-Bound Training has any impact on the Attitude Towards Peers? Can we say whether Females are having more Analytical Ability than that of Males?

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(iv) Capture whether there is any association between Age of the executives and the
attitude towards peers. Thats to say can we say that as a person becomes older and older in age, his/her attitude towards peers becomes more and more positive?

[4 x 4 = 16]

6.

Mention which statistical measure/test can be used under the following conditions/ situations: (i) Ms. Deeksha Gupta is working in the Area of Training and Development. She has collected the following data from the training department of a company engaged in the exploration and production of oil.

INITIALS OF A WORKER RANK TRAINING PROGRAMME TD 1 NO MK 2 NO DC 3 YES RK 4 NO CT 5 NO DT 6 YES DKM 7 NO RKS 8 YES PMS 9 NO SBKK 10 YES RPR 11 NO HD 12 YES KT 13 NO DO 14 YES DEBIT 15 YES AS 16 YES PKJ 17 NO SRK 18 YES SSS 19 YES DEBIT 20 YES (Here, the best worker gets a rank of 20, and the poorest worker gets a rank of 1. Yes above means that a worker has participated in the Training Programme while No means that a worker has not participated in the Training Programme.

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(ii) Mr. R. P. Singh, HRD Manager of Tripathi Industries, developed along with his team two tests that would determine the leadership traits among workers. To test the efficiency of these two tests, a trial run was conducted on 10 employees. The following data is collected from the trial run.

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Employees Test #1 1 10 2 12 3 13 4 14 5 15 6 10 7 8 8 9 9 12 10 15 (Note : Points are given out of 20)

Test #2 11 15 14 14 14 13 9 9 10 15

Mr. R. P. Singh wants to know whether there is a high degree of agreement between the results of the two tests. [22=4]

7.

A person is doing a project about the Drinking Habits of Indian Youngsters. For some of the data collected, he used Factor Analysis and got the following results:
R otated Factor Matrix Factor TA TE S A O A R M C LO O R S E IZ A O O LC H L C S O T R P TA E U T 1 .950 .946 .942 7.337E -02 2.974E -02 -4.64E -02 -.431 2 -2.17E -02 2.106E -02 6.771E -02 .953 .930 .862 -.447
a

E traction M x ethod: P rincipal A is Factoring. x R otation M ethod: V arim w K ax ith aiser N aliz orm ation. a. R otation converged in 3 iterations.

Two factors have been identified. You are requested to name them. [4]

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8.

Debit. V. K. Kaul is working on a research titled as Determinants of Performance in Indian Industries. In this, one of the things he wants to examine is the importance of time management in the prediction of achievement performance. As a part of the exploratory research, he conducted a study in Mohali Plant of a company. From the production department, he selected the top 20 performers and divide them into two groups: those that valued time management and those that did not value time management. The data collected is given below: RANKING OF PRODUCTION PERSONS TIME MANAGEMENT TIME MANAGEMENT IMPORTANT NOT IMPORTANT 3 18 2 10 12 20 6 19 9 11 16 7 1 13 4 15 5 14 17 8 In the first column above, we have the ranks of the production people for whom time management is important and in the second column, we have the ranks of those for whom time management is important. Here, the rank 1 means the top most performance production people and the rank 20 means the least performance in the group of 20. He took the help of an agency in data processing. The agency has provided the following DEBIT output:

Npar Tests
Descriptive Statistics N RANKING OF THE PRODUCTION PERSON GROUPS OF THE PRODUCTION PERSONS 20 20 Mean 10.50 1.60 Std. Deviation 5.92 .50 Minimum 1 1 Maximum 20 2

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Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks RANKING OF THE PRODUCTION PERSON GROUPS OF THE PRODUCTION TIME MANAGEMENT PERSONS IS IMPORTANT TIME MANAGEMENT IS NOT IMPORTANT Total
T t S tis s es ta tic

N 8 12 20
b

Mean Rank 6.63 13.08

Sum of Ranks 53.00 157.00

M n -W itn y U an h e W oo W ilc x n Z A y p S . (2 ile ) s m . ig -ta d E a t S . [2 -ta d x c ig *(1 ile S .)] ig a N t c rre te fo tie . . o o c d r s

R N IN O AK G F T E H P O UT R D C IO NP R O E S N 1 .0 0 7 0 5 .0 0 3 0 -2 9 .3 2 .0 7 1 .0 6 1
a

b G u in V ria le G O P O . ro p g a b : R U S F T EP O U T NP R O S H R D C IO E S N

Two-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Frequencies R N IN O TH A K G F E P O U TIO P R O R D C N E S N G O P O TH R US F E P OM N G M N RE U A N C TIM D ATIOE E T P IM OR N E SO S IS RP NTA T TIM M N G M N E AA E E T IS N T IM O TA T O P R N Total
a Te st Statistics

N 8 12 20

Most Extreme Differences Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

Absolute Positive Negative

RANKING OF THE PRODUCTIO N PERSON .542 .000 -.542 1.187 .120

a. Grouping Variable: GROUPS OF THE PRODUCTION PERSONS

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After receiving the above output from the Agency, he talked to the head of the Agency to help him making some sense out of it and the head flatly refused to help and said thats not our business, it is you who can use it the way you want we can only provide help regarding processing of data nothing more debit that sorry, we can not do anything in this regard sorry.. At this Debit. Kaul got very disappointed and fortunately, he met you recently at some function. In conversation, he shared with you his problem of making at least some sense out of the processed information provided by the Agency. Assume that you agreed to provide all help to him in this regard. Required: (i) Formulate necessary null and alternative hypotheses in the context of his problem.

(ii) What will be the most appropriate test statistics for the hypotheses formulated above? (iii) Using the data available above, suggest whether the null hypothesis formulated will be accepted. (Use =5%) (iv) Give your overall conclusion whether the performance of those who did time management is different from those who did not manage their time. [2+1+1+1 = 5]

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A Case Study on Data Analysis Presentation

and

Prepared by ...

Prof. C. P. Gupta Department of Financial Studies South Campus, University of Delhi New Delhi-21

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eclining trends in the Analytical Abilities among the managers is becoming a serious concern for the management these days in the corporate sector. It is observed that lack of analytical abilities among the managers results in poor decision making and hampers out-of-box thinking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve their analytical abilities. There is another serious area of concern for the management and it is Group Behaviour. It is observed that managers as an individual are excellent persons but when they work in groups, they become worse. They do not respect their peers. The management is fully aware of the gains and benefits arising out of united team work in any organization. Hence, it is felt that there is a need to improve the group behaviour of the managers. One of the top industry and business federations in India constituted a Task Force with 12 members from industry, academia and consulting firms; to be headed by Mr. Ruchir Garg, MD of Garg Group of Industries to look into the said two issues/concerns faced by the Indian Industries. This Task force created a subcommittee headed by Ms. Bhoomika Arora, head of the Business Research Center of the Federation to do some pilot project regarding the same. Ms. Bhoomika Arora contacted Growing Step Consultants and discussed with them whether there is some possibility to inculcate team spirit among the Indian managers through some out-bound games. After discussion, it was found that there is such possibility and accordingly, Growing Step Consultants was asked to develop a two-day out-bound programme to be conducted in a resort near Shimla. The consultants were also asked to measure the attitude of the executives towards their peers before the out-bound training and after the out-bound training. Growing Step Consultants agreed for the same. In the meantime, the sub-committee selected 57 senior executive (senior manager and above) from various companies for the pilot project. It was decided to collect necessary information related to the selected executives about the following demographic variables:

a. Name d. Marital Status

b. Age e. Background

c. Gender

One of the sub-committee members, Mr. R. V. Rajshaker, who strongly believes in astrology, was of opinion that the sun-sign of the selected executives should also be collected because there are strong relation between the sun-signs and the analytical abilities & the group behaviour of people. For that purpose, he provided the following highlighting the main characteristics of the people belonging to difference sun-signs:

Aries is the Cardinal-Fire sign. Aries people need to keep physically busy. They accomplish many things simply because of their restless energy. They need to learn how to make constructive use of their energetic efforts. The typical Aries urge is to take on more projects than can be done reasonably well. Though others may find it difficult to physically keep pace, they are attracted to the animation and spirit of Aries personalities. Cancer is the Cardinal-Water sign. Cancerians get things done through the power of their emotional commitment. Not only do they aggressively work to accomplish the goals inspired by their own feelings, they also know how to appeal to the emotions of others. By making other people feel like family members, Cancerians effectively inspire others to help get projects accomplished. They have to learn how to reach an emotional balance since they tend to be overly sensitive and moody. Capricorn is the Cardinal-Earth sign. Capricorns are natural goal setters. They willingly handle many tasks if it helps them get what they want. Many things get accomplished simply because they happen to be part of Capricorn's overall efforts to reach higher goals. They need definitive guidelines. Rules and regulations provide structure they need for establishing the pattern of their own actions. They must learn however, that the end never justifies the means. Libra is the Cardinal-Air sign. Librans accomplish things because they intellectually evaluate what needs to be done, and then they charm others into cooperating with them to achieve the goal. By unselfishly sharing the success of accomplishment with those who assisted, Librans continue to engender the cooperative efforts of others. They have to learn how to deal with confrontations. Fear of hurting others or avoidance of hostile situations can keep them from pursuing their goals Taurus is the Fixed-Earth sign. Taureans stubbornly cling to their own ideas and habits, and may fail to take advantage of new ideas or situations simply because they cannot see their practical use. They have to understand that while tenacity and a stable temperament yield rewards in many endeavors, tolerance and flexibility are the best assets when it comes to personal relationships. Leo is the Fixed-Fire sign. Leos stubbornly cling to their pride. They resent the indignity of altering their opinions or behavior in front of or at the request of others. Their stubborn nature makes it hard for them to accept that there is no virtue in giving what they want to give rather than what may really be wanted or needed, and no reward in misguided loyalty to those who are not worthy of it. Scorpio is the Fixed-Water sign. Scorpios stubbornly cling to emotional attachments. They rarely forget or forgive emotional rejection. They have to learn that jealousy and possessiveness are selfdefeating. Rechanneling negative feelings and experiences into constructive activities benefits others as well as themselves. No other sign has the emotional strength of Scorpio. Aquarius is the Fixed-Air sign. Aquarians are born looking for ideologies to which they can stubbornly cling. They refuse to budge whenever an issue involves what they believe to be a "matter of principle. " As in the case of the Aquarian Abraham Lincoln, society greatly benefits when these principles happen to be noble ones. Gemini is the Mutable-Air sign. Using their communicative skills, Geminis adapt to any situation they encounter. However, they must learn to speak with candor instead of simply repeating what others want to hear. Clever-tongued Geminis develop the amazing ability to obscure the facts in their stimulating and imaginative chatter. Virgo is the Mutable-Earth sign. Virgos adapt to different people and situations by finding ways to make themselves useful. To hide their vulnerability, they focus attention on what they're doing rather than who they are. To deflect attention away from themselves, Virgos will also focus on other people by praising their talents and virtues, or just as likely, by listing their faulty behavior or personal

defects. Sagittarius is the Mutable-Fire sign. Restless energy and the need for personal independence keeps Sagittarians moving in many directions. They become experts at adapting to whatever culture and clime happens to fit their current interest. Always ready to travel for business or pleasure, and sometimes because of an overwhelming urge to escape (either figuratively or literally), they are all too willing to bypass the confinements of responsibility and work. Pisces is the Mutable-Water sign. Pisceans adapt emotionally to the influence of their environment. Often painfully shy, they are adept at imitating the mannerisms of other people as a way of hiding their own personality. Pisceans can too easily become victims of their considerable ability to identify with the personality and problems of other people, since it severely restricts the development of their own personality traits and talents.

After this, it was also decided to collect information about the sun-signs of the selected executives. Further, Ms. Bhoomika Arora contacted Educational Analytic Pvt. Ltd. for developing some tools to enhance the analytical skills of the Indian managers. The company developed the same and also, developed a scale (1-100) to capture relative degree of analytical skill of a person. The company agreed to these and accordingly, developed some tools to enhance the analytical skills of the executives and a scale to measure relative degree of analytical skill of a person. Using that developed scale, relative degrees of analytical skill of executives were measured before the tools were administered among the executives. After tools to enhance the analytical were administered, the executives were tested for their relative degree of analytical skill. Thus, necessary information was collected before and after related to relative degree of analytical skill. Finally, the necessary information was collected on the following variables:

a. Name d. Sun-sign g. Background

b. Gender e. Family Income h. Attitude

Toward Peers Before OutBound Training Analytical Ability Score, Base = 100

c. Age f. Marital Status i. Attitude

Toward Peers After OutBound Training

j. Pretest

Analytical Ability Score, Base = 100

k. Postest

Assume that you are providing necessary statistical support to Ms. Bhoomika Arora and the Task Force.