MATHEMATICS - FORM 1

POLYGONS

POLYGONS
A) Recognising Polygons
A polygon is a plane figure with three or more straight edges as its sides. For example :(a) (b)

(a) and (b) are polygons.

(c)

(d)

(c) and (d) are not polygons.

B) Names of Polygons
1. A polygon is named after the number of sides it contains. The following names are given to some common polygons.

2. In general, a polygon with n sides is called a n-gone. For example :A polygon with 12 sides is called a 12-gon. Worked Example 1 Name the following polygons. (a)

(b)

C) Determining the Number of Sides, Vertices and Diagonals in a given Polygon

1. A vertex is the point where two straight lines meet. 2. A diagonal is a straight line joining two vertices which are not adjacent to each other. For example :-

The quadrilateral KLMN contains (i) 4 sides (i.e. KL, LM, MN and KN ) (ii) 40vertices (i.e. K, L, M and N ) (iii) 2 diagonals ( i.e. KM and LN ) Worked Example 2 State the number of

(i) sides,

(ii) vertices,

(iii) diagonals

in each of the following polygons. (a) (b)

3. The table below shows the number of sides, vertices and diagonals for some common polygons.

D) Sketching Polygons
To sketch a polygon,determine the number of sides or vertices the polygon has first. Worked Example 3

Sketch two different shapes to represent the following polygons. (a) Quadrilateral (b) Hexagon Solution (a)

(b)

SYMMETRY
A) Determining and Drawing the Line(s) of Symmetry of Shapes
1. An object is said to have a line of symmetry if it can be divided into identical halves when it is folded along that line. For example :(a)

(b)

2. An object may have more than one line of symmetry. For example :(a)

Worked example 4 Determine whether each of the following object has a line of symmetry. (a) (b)

Solution

Worked Example 5 Draw and state the number of line (s) of symmetry in each of the following object. (a) (b)

Solution (a) (b)

1 line of symmetry Worked Example 6

2 lines of symmetry

The figurs below are drawn on square grids. Draw and state the number of lines of symmetry in each figure. (a) (b)

Solution (a)

2 lines of symmetry (b)

4 lines of symmmetry Worked Example 7

The figure below are drawn on tessellation of equilateral triangles. Draw and state the number of lines of symmetry in each figure. (a) (b)

Solution (a)

2 lines of symmetry (b)

1 line of symmetry

B) Completing a given Shape

(a)

(b)

Solution (a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

Solution (a) (b)

C) Drawing Designs using the Concept of Symmetry

(a)

(b)

Solution Below are two possinble designs. (a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

Solution (a) (b)

10.3 TRIANGLES

A) Recognising Different Types of Triangles and their Geometric Properties

(ii)

(iii)

(b) The types of angles

(a)

(b)

(a)

(c)

(b)

B) Determining and Drawing Lines of Symmetry of given Triangles

(a)

(c)

(b)

Solution

C) Drawing Triangles

Solution Step 1 Skretch the triangle.

Step 2 Draw EF = 2 cm.

Step 3 Using a protractor, draw an angle of 50 at F.

Step 4 Using a ruler, mark the point G 1 from F.

Step 5 Join EG

Solution Step 1 Sketch the triangle.

Step 2 Draw JK = 3 CM.

Step 3 Using a protractor, draw an angle of 30 at J.

Step 4 Using a ruler, mark the point L 1.5 cm from K.

Step 5 Join KL.

D) Determining the Sum of Angles of a Triangle

E) Determining the Angles of an Equilateral Triangle

(a)

(b)

F) Determining Wheter the two Base Angles of an Isosceles Triangle are Equal

G) Determining the Exterior and Interior Opposite Angles of a Triangle

H) Problem Solving involving Triangle

10.4 QUADRILATERALS

A) Recognising Different Types of Quarilaterals and their Geometric Properties

B) Determining and Drawing Lines of Symmetry of given Quadrilaterals

C) Drawing Quadrilaterals

D) Determining the Sum of Angles of a Quadrilateral

E) Determining whether the Opposite Angles of a Parallelogram are Equal

F) Problem Solving involving Quadrilateral