Embedded Automobile Engine Locking System, Using GSM Technology

Jayanta Kumar Pany1 & R. N. Das Choudhury2

1

Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Raajdhani Engineering College, BPUT, Odisha, India 2 Dept. of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering. ITER, SOA University, Odisha, India E-mail : jayanta.dpany@gmail.com1, rndc123@yahoo.co.in2

Abstract - This paper deals with the design & development of an embedded system, which is being used to prevent /control the theft of a vehicle. The developed instrument is an embedded system based on GSM technology. The instrument is installed in the engine of the vehicle. An interfacing GSM modem is also connected to the microcontroller to send the message to the owners mobile. The main objective of this instrument is to protect the vehicle from any unauthorized access, through entering a protected password and intimate the status of the same vehicle to the authorize person (owner) using Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication technology. This system deals with the concept of network security. The main concept in this design is introducing the mobile communications into the embedded system. The entire designed unit is on a single board. Keywords - Pass Word, GSM Modem, AT Commands, Interfacing, I2C, RS232 and UART protocols.

I. INTRODUCTION 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 4x3 Matrix keypad 16x2 Liquid crystal display (LCD) 12V Relay and DC Fan GSM Modem GSM Mobile MAX232 line driver 24C02 E2PROM In these days, automobile thefts are increasing at an alarming rate all over the world. So to escape from these thieves most of the vehicle owners have started using the theft control systems. The commercially available anti-theft vehicular systems are very expensive. Here, we make an attempt to develop an instrument based on 8051 microcontroller and operated using GSM technology. The instrument is a simple and low cost vehicle theft control embedded system. The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is the most popular and accepted standard for mobile phones in the world established in 1982 and it operates in 900 MHz frequency. Over billion people use GSM service across the world. The utility of the GSM standard makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs significantly from its predecessors in both signaling and speech clarity, as its channels is digitized. It means that the GSM system is now considered as a third generation (3G) mobile communication system. II. COMPONENTS, INTERFACINGS AND PROTOCOLS: 1. 2. AT89S52 Microcontroller DC Power supply unit

10. L293D motor driver & DC motor 11. Buzzer 12. DB9 connector 2.1 Microcontroller Unit: The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 8bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of flash programmable and erasable read only memory (FPEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit central processing unit (CPU) with flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and

International Journal of Instrumentation, Control and Automation (IJICA) ISSN : 2231-1890 Volume-1, Issue-2, 2011

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Embedded Autom E mobile Engine L Locking System, using GSM Tec chnology

cost effective solution to many embe e edded control applications.

Fig. 02 : Circuit Diagram of P F t Power Supply This transformer steps down the incoming line s g voltage depending on the needs of the power su n f upply. ernating voltag is then fed to the rectifier The ge r. This alte rectifier is a diode circuit that converts the ac to e pulsating dc. This pu g ulsating dc is t then applied t the to filter cir rcuit. The filt is a circu that reduce the ter uit es variation of the dc vo ns oltage. Here th capacitor is used he s as a filter. The filter dc is then fed to a vo red n oltage regulator stage. The voltage reg e gulator is use to ed maintain a constant vo n oltage at the po ower supply output. It also p provides a furt ther smoothing of the dc vo g oltage. We are using an IC 7 7805 as voltage regulator to get a 5V outpu voltage. ut 2.3 4X3 Matrix Keypa 3 ad: Key ypads and LC CDs are the most widely used input/ou utput devices. In this sectio we first di on, iscuss keypad fundamentals, along with key press and key , d detection mechanisms and then it is shown h n s, t how a keypad is interfaced to an 8051 C. Keypad are ds ed organize in a matrix of rows and columns. The CPU accesses both rows an columns through ports. W s nd When a key is p pressed, the r row and colu umn are conne ected; otherwis there is no connection betw se ween them. Scannin and identify ng ying the key p pressed:

ock Fig. 01 : Blo Diagram he Features of th microcontroller: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. It is a 8-bit microco ontroller with 9 921.6 KHz. of mach cycle hine It has got a external crystal oscilla with s l ator 11.05 MHz frequ 592 uency 8K by of flash ROM and 256 b ytes bytes of RAM 4 bidi irectional I/O ports with 8 pin each p ns Three 16-bit timer/c e counters with 4 modes of opera ation. A six x-vector two-lev interrupt ar vel rchitecture A full duplex serial port(UART) with 28.8KHz w uency frequ 8-bit data bus and 16 bit address b bus

2.2 DC Power Supply Unit: r The DC power suppl unit is div ly vided into 4 elements as be elow. 1. 2. 3. 4. 230V V/12V step dow Transformer wn r. Bridg Rectifier wit 4 x 1N4007 diodes. ge th 470F/35V Capacit as a Filter. tor 7805 Voltage Regulator IC. Fig. 03 : Sche ematic diagram of Keypad m

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Embedded Autom E mobile Engine L Locking System, using GSM Tec chnology

In the above figure a 4X3 matrix keypad is connected f m d between two ports. The rows are connected to an output p port and the columns are co c onnected to an Input port. If f no key has b been pressed, reading the in r nput port will yield 1s for al columns sinc they are all connected to ll ce l high voltage ( (Vcc). If all th rows are gr he rounded and a key is pressed one of the co d, olumns will ha 0 since the ave key which is p pressed provid the path to ground. It is des o the function of the microcon ntroller to scan the keyboard n t key continuously to detect and identify the k which has been pressed. rystal Display (LCD) unit: ( 2.4 Liquid Cr A 16x2 c character Line LCD module is a parallel e port module. An 8051 prog gram must inte eract with the outside world using input and output devices that d t communicate directly with a human being. One of the n ched to an 80 C is an 051 most common devices attac LCD display. LCD requires 3 control line as well as 8 es t will I/O lines for the data bus. So this LCD w require a total of 11 data lines. a

2.5 12V Relay and DC Fan: V C The relay is an ele e ectromagnetic switch. When relay is activa ated, then it closes the loop of ignition, h p hence start the engine. When relay is de-ac n ctivated, it open the ns loop of ignition, he f ence stop th ignition of the he automob bile. A DC F Fan is connec cted with the relay replicating the automo obile engine to verify the oper ration of the sy ystem. 2.6 GSM Modem: M The GSM/GPRS Modem com e mes with a serial interface through which the modem can be contr e m rolled using A command in AT nterface. Here a SIMCOM made e (SIM300 modem int 0) terfaced with the microcont troller operates in 900 MHz fr s frequency. The protocol used by GSM mo e d odems for setu and up control is based on th AT-Comm he mand set. The GSM mands are adap pted to the ser rvices modem specific comm offered by a GSM m modem such as: text messa a aging, one number, deleting me emory calling a given Pho r locations etc. Since the main objective for this ion is to sho how to sen and receive text ow nd e applicati message only a subs of the AT-C es, set Command set needs to be im mplemented. Th following section describe the he es AT-Com mmand set. 2: nd Table 02 AT Comman Sets

Fig. 04 : Schematic diagram of L LCD The three control lines are referred t as EN, RS, e to and RW. The EN line is ca alled "Enable." This control " line is used to tell the LCD that you are se ending it data. The enable pin used by the L n LCD latches th information he presented to it data pins. W ts When data is su upplied to data pins, high to lo pulse must be applied to this EN pin ow t in order to lat the data pr tch resent at the data pins. This d pulse must be a minimum of 450 ns wide. f The RS li is the "Reg ine gister Select" li ine. When RS is low (0), the data is to be treated as a command or ction (such as c clear screen, po osition cursor, special instruc etc.). When R is high (1), the data bein sent is text RS , ng data, which sh hould be displa ayed on the scr reen. The RW line is the "Re ead/Write" con ntrol line. Whe RW is low en (0), the inform mation on the data bus is be eing written to the LCD. W When RW is high (1), the program is e effectively qu uerying (or reading) the LCD. Some r commands are given below for reference. e f Ta able 01: LCD C Command Cod des
Code (Hex) Command to LCD Instructio Register o on

Com mmand AT T AT TE0 AT T+CNMI AT T+CPMS AT T+CMGF AT T+CMGR AT T+CMGS AT T+CMGD 2.7 GSM Mobile: M

Description heck if serial interface and d Ch G GSM modem is working. Tu echo off, less traffic on urn n se erial line. Display of new incoming n g D MS. SM Se election of SM memory. MS SM string form how they MS mat, y ar compressed. re Read new message from a iven memory lo ocation. gi end message to a given n Se re ecipient. D Delete message

1 38 80 C0

Clear Displ of the scree lay en 2 line, 5X7 Matrix Force curso to begin from 1st line or m Force curso to begin from 2nd line or m

In our project we used a GSM mobile to receiv the o m ve SMS se by the ins ent strument regar rding the engi ine-on status. T mobile nu The umber must be programmed with e d the sour code. So th the contro unit can sen the rce hat ol nd SMS an in the sam time the authorized p nd me person received the same SMS to take care o his vehicle. d S of

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Embedded Autom E mobile Engine L Locking System, using GSM Tec chnology

2.8 MAX232 line driver: A MAX2 232 chip is required to co r onvert RS232 voltage levels to TTL levels, and vice ve ersa. 8051 has ter (TxD) an a receiver (RxD) for nd r one transmitt transferring an receiving s nd serial data fro the port 3 om (P3.0 and P3.1 1).They require a line driver to make them e RS232 compa atible. A line driver convert the R232s ts signals to TTL voltage levels that will be acceptable to L 8051s TxD an RxD pins. nd 2.9 AT24C02 E2PROM: 2 The AT2 24C02 is a 25 byte/ 2K-b EEPROM, 56 bit which used to retain the p o password even after power n failure. The de evice is organized as a single block of 256 e x 8-bit memory with a two o-wired serial interface. The i 24C02 suppor a bi-directio rts onal two-wired bus and data d transmission [I2C] protocol. The bus has to be controlled I o by a master de evice (C) whi generates th serial clock ich he (SCL), contro the bus access, and generates the ols g START and STOP condit tions, while t the 24C02SC e. works as slave 2.10 L293D m motor driver IC & DC motor: C : The purp pose of using 4 no. of 12V DC motors is to drive the hard dware kit just like an autom mobile. Since, MCU can interpret the logic 1as 5v & 0 as 0v, so L293D I motor driver IC is used to convert 5v logic to 12v logic to drive the m motor efficiently with full RP Here used y PM. one IC to driv 2 motors. Accordingly t ve there are used two ICs for ou prototype mo ur odel. 2.11 Buzzer A buzzer is an audio signaling devic which may r ce, be mechanical electro-mech l, hanical or elect tronic. Typical use of buzzers / beepers inclu s udes alarms an timers etc. nd III. ASSEMB BLY OF THE SYSTEM: All electr ronic compon nents are asse embled on a single Vero-bo oard. After mo ounting and so oldering of the components an sockets as s nd shown in the ph hotograph, the other periph herals like keypad, LC CD, Buzzer, microcontrolle with other IC are mounted inserted. er Cs d/ For powe supply unit a 230V AC f er followed by a step down transformer and a full wave bridge rectifier circuit is used as shown in the circ n cuit diagram. Alternatively a 12V DC sup pply from a 12V battery is 1 use for circuit operation. Now, outp power sup put pply is given 5 to MCU & 5v 12v to Relay. Relay connect to pin-0 of port-0 of the ted f d om MCU. Keypad connected fro pin 0 to 3 row wise and from pin 4 to 6 of port-1 column wise. GSM modem o c connected to p 0&1of port Again LCD is connected pin t-3. D to the pin 0 to 7 of port -2 an pin 2 to pin 4 of port -0 as nd e gram. A 12V dc Fan is V shown in the circuit diag

connecte with the r ed relay replicati ing the autom mobile engine. That means w when the relay is activated th fan he ve. IC-1is will mov Otherwise it will be idle. The L293D I interface with port 0 ed 0-5&6 and por 3-3 &4, whe as rt ere L293D I IC-2 is connec cted to port 0-1 &7 and port3 & 1 3-2 port1-7 a shown in the circuit diagra as e am.

Fig. 05: The Complete Circ Board cuit IV. INT TERFACINGS AND PROT S TOCOLS USE ED: In t this project the are six int ere terfacings used like d 4x3 Mat Keyboard, 16x2 LCD, G trix GSM Modem, M Motor Driver IC L293D, 1 12v Relay, 12 Buzzer et In 2v tc. ols sed 2, addition, three protoco are being us like RS232 I2C, he uccessfully. UART to functional th instrument su Circuit Diagram:

6: gram Fig. 06 Circuit Diag V. WO ORKING OF T THE MODUL LE: The embedded system installed in the engine o the e of vehicle along with th GSM mod he dem. By enter ring a password(like: *abcd) the in : nstrument allows to correct p activate the 12V relay and then ign y nition of the e engine will star Hence start t vehicle.If a rt. the anyone tries to enter the passw word randomly then after th y, hree trials, the MCU will blo ock the entry of further pa assword. Then the n, buzzer w turned on to create a noise to pani the will n ic

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Embedded Automobile Engine Locking System, using GSM Technology

culprit, followed by sending a message Alert: Car Is Under Threat through GSM modem to the owners mobile for further action for prevention of his vehicle. According to the prototype model after entering correct password the Fan will move and at the same time, according to the instruction it will run forward for 10 sec and backward for10 sec like an automobile. Password can be changed by the following proper procedure. First enter #, then enter the old password, then new password. Now test, whether the new password is working or not. As per algorithm given below the new password will retain even after power failure. So it will work as usual. The source code is written in embedded C language. To develop the source code the flow chart of the project is shown in the figure below.

REFERENCE: [1] B.G. Nagaraja, Ravi Rayappa, M. Mahesh, Chandrasekhar M. Patil, Dr. T.C. Manjunath:Design & Development of a GSM Based Vehicle Theft Control System 978-0-76953516-6/082008 IEEE, DOI 10.1109 /ICACC.2009.154, pp.148-152. M. A. Mazidi, The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems, Pearson Education Asia, India, 2nd edition, 2008. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 micro-controller Architecture, programming & applications, Penram International, India, 1996. Raj Kamal, Embedded System- Architecture, Programming and Design, Tata McGraw Hill Publisher, 2nd edition, 2008. Myke Predco, Programming and customizing 8051 microcontroller, Tata McGraw Hill Publiser. Toshiba's 1993 NAND Flash Applications Design Guide. Millman & Grable, "Combinatorial Digital Circuits" and "Sequential Digital Circuits" of, Microelectronics, 2nd edition. National motor vehicle theft reduction conference 2000, Conference Papers (Australia). Stolen and Wrecked Vehicles Monitoring Program, CCMTA June 1994 (Canada). CCMTA Best Practice Models for Combating Auto Theft, Version 6.1, Oct. 2006, Anti AutoTheft Project Group. http://www.howstuffworks.com http://www.wikipedia.org http://www.atmel.com http://www.simcom.com http://turbo51.com/documentation/8051microcontroller http://www.datasheetcatalog.com

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6] [7]

[8] [9] [10]

[11] VI. CONCLUSION: This is a unique method of designing and assembling a low-cost, compact theft control system for an automobile. This instrument is an ultimate threat to vehicle thieves. By installing this instrument in the automobile engine it is very difficult to access by an unknown person, since it is based on GSM Technology. In future, there is no doubt, that all of the vehicles will be embedded with this unique kit. In addition to the above features we can also add extra features like thumb/face recognition to ascertain more security of the vehicle. [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

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