A Modified Detection Technique of Object in Radar

Mr. Prashant Mani Mr. Chandramani Mr. Prayush Singh Mr. Janmayjay Swetank Mr. Abhishek Raman Asst. Prof. (Dept. of ECE) (Dept of ECE ) (Dept of ECE ) (Dept of EEE ) (Dept of ECE ) Email id. Prashantmani29@gmail.com Chandramani0612@gmail.com praush_1990nisn@yahoo.com janmayjay89@gmail.com abhishek14293@gmail.com SRM UNIVERSITY, NCR Campus Modinagar (U.P), India

Abstract: The paper is based on Ultrasonic transmitter and detection from a reflecting area by receiver. The program in C running on standard Turbo C compiler will give the output at parallel port to run the stepper motor using a compatible controller circuit. The radar on pc screen will give a graphical view of running radar effects. The Ultrasonic receiver will sense the object which comes in front of it and it will give a signal to PC port. The PC instantly will be screened the time and direction with degree marking as object is being detected. The stepper motor stops for a while and again starts for the next object. The project will take max.5 readings and after that we will have to restart the program again. As soon as the object is detected it sends a signal to action part of circuit to activate the relay. The relay makes a connection between the ground terminals and this makes gun to open fire. Simultaneously it also activates the message sending device to send the message about the invasion to the chief of security system. This system can be used over any operating system i.e. it is independent from platform. The delay in the circuit is very less and range is 3 ft. it needs moderate current and voltage supply of 12 V. it can run from battery also. The visual effect is completely synchronized with practical motion of radar antenna. Keywords: Computer interface parallel port, Ultrasonic transmitter and receiver, Stepper Motor, Relay.

II. THE TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE RS232 port was earlier used which is slower port and now we are using parallel port. Earlier delay in the circuit was more with using serial port and now technology is based on parallel port that make system very fast and moreover transmitter and receiver circuits that are used now are very stable with negligible effect of temperature variations and moreover visual effects are highly appreciable with five detections and earlier we getting only one detection. III. DETAILS OF TECHNOLOGY USED 3.1 Interfacing with parallel port Some older personal computers have a Parallel/Printer Port. This port is falling into disuse and USB is replacing it but USB to parallel port converters are available. Running an older operating system like MS-DOS and programming in QBASIC, it is quite easy to use older hardware for control systems. Tasks like data logging are easier because the computer has disk storage. Address 37816 is connected to eight output pins called D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7. Address 37916 is connected to five input signal pins called S3, S4, S5, S6 and S7. Address 37A16 is connected to four input control pins called C0, C1, C2 and C3. Parallel Port FeaturesThe port uses a 25 pin D connector. The parallel port is a memory mapped device. It is often called the printer port or LPT1 (Line Printer Terminal). Three addresses are used If the port can be configured to be bi-directional so D0 to D7 can also be inputs. 3.2 Ultrasonic transmitter & receiver This ultrasonic proximity detector comprising independent, battery-powered transmitter and receiver sections makes use of a pair of matched ultrasonic piezoceramic transducers operating at around 40 KHZ each. This circuit can be used in exhibitions to switch on prerecorded audio/video message automatically when a visitor evincing interest in a product comes near an exhibited product.

I. INTRODUCTION Earlier AC power was used to run the radar system so when ac power went off so whole system used to fail and moreover bulkier circuits were used that raised initial cost and also system become complex with bulkier systems. Visual effects were not effective. Delay in the circuit was more in addition to that it had lesser range, approximately 10 cm. Initially single detection was made and now we can make five detections by using stepper motor in spite of previous normal dc motor. RS232 port was earlier used which is slower port and now we are using parallel port. Now range can be increased by increasing voltage supply to transmitter. Transmitter that was used was very sensitive due to usage of resistors and transistors and now we are using JFET and MOSFETS and ICS so it makes circuit highly stable.

Fig. 1 shows the transmitter circuit. It comprises COMS timer IC 7555 (IC1) configured as an astable multivibrator, which may be tuned to the frequency of the ultrasonic piezoceramic transmitters resonant frequency of around 40 KHZ using preset VR1. A complementary pair of transistors T1 and T2 is used for driving and buffering the transducer while it draws spikes of current form IC1 circuit to sustain oscillations and thereby avoids any damage.

transducer pair, the status LED (LED1) glows because of the signal reflected from the body of the visitor. The circuit can be assembled on any general-purpose PCB. The transmitter and the receiver should be aligned such that the transmitted ultrasonic signal is optimally received by the receiver after reflection. Fig. 3 shows the pin configuration of transistors T1 and T2, while Fig. 4 shows installation of the ultrasonic piezoceramic transducer pair operating at around 40 KHZ.

Figure 1

The receiver front-end (refer Fig. 2) is designed to provide a very high gain for the reflected faint ultrasonic frequency signals detected by the ultrasonic transducer. The amplifiers built around N1 and N2, gain of around 80 each. These two stages should have a high open-circuit gain, wide bandwidth and very low bias current apart from being capable of single-supply operation. Quad op-amp LM324 is used here due to its low cost. For higher efficiency, you may use single op-amps such as CA3130.

Figure 3

Figure 2 Figure 4

. 3.3 Stepper motor When a visitor pauses before a product, it signifies his interest. Switching diode D1 followed by a filter comprising capacitor C5 and resistor R10 is used to meet this requirement. The filter also helps to bypass brief bursts of ambient noise in the ultrasonic range. The third stage comprising N3 works as a comparator to provide a triggering pulse when a visitor stops by. This pulse can be used to trigger a timer or a monostable, whose output may then be used to switch on the audio/video message concerning the product for a predetermined period. When somebody comes in front of the ultrasonic piezoceramic A stepper motor is a device that positions loads by operating in discrete increments (or steps). The stepping is accomplished by switching the power to the motor windings so that motor phases are energized in a specific sequence. The stepper motor is capable of operating in a half step (0.9) mode also. However, that would require additional switching sequence and a different translation module circuitry. Further, the half-steps reduce the holding torque of the motor. For present application only the full-step increment (1.8) is used.

3.4 Messanging through RF transmitter and receiver IV. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION The receiver circuit of Figure 5 sounds an audio alarm when the vco (MAX2623) transmitter (Figure 6) moves beyond a designated perimeter. The trigger distance depends on conditions and antenna design. In tests in a home environment with simple wire antennas, the distance was about five feet (1.5 meters).

Block diagram Figure 5

The transmitter is a voltage-controlled oscillator, set to approximately 915MHz in the unlicensed industrial/scientific/medical (ISM) band. It has a tuning voltage of 1.5V = 3 R2/(R1 + R2), which Lets you easily adjust the frequency by varying resistor values R1 and R2.

Supply of 12 v is fed to 7808 to give 8 v. 8v is fed to Tx & Rx. When object is detected then a 3.5 v is generated and it activates the Transistor which switches on the relay. When relay is activated output from detector circuit to PC turns from 7v to 0v. The PC use to run the stepper motor by using 4 wires. The ULN Ic converts 5v to 12v to run the stepper motor. The step angle is 8 degree and it takes 43 steps in rotation of 360 degree. After completing 360 degree rotation, it changes the direction always. When 0v is sensed on PC through pin10, program senses and shows the message that fault has been detected at a certain degree of angle with date and time. At that time only 1st transistor converts 0v to 12v. 2nd transistor gives 0v to relay to activate. The relay makes connectivity to fire gun and to send message. These cascaded transistors maintain the need of current in the circuit.

Figure 6

3.5 Relays Electromechanical relays were the earliest forms of relay used for the protection of power systems, and they date back nearly100 years. They work on the principle of a mechanical force causing operation of a relay contact in response to a stimulus. The mechanical force is generated through current flow in one or more windings on a magnetic core or cores, hence the term electromechanical relay. The principle advantage of such relays is that they provide galvanic isolation between the inputs and outputs in a simple, cheap and reliable form therefore for simple on/off switching functions where the output contacts have to carry substantial currents, they are still used.

V. SOFTWARE SIMULATION

IMPLEMENTATION

OR

As a programming environment C language is used. A standard Turbo C compiler is used which is compatible with Graphics. The parallel port is activated from bios. Although C was designed for implementing system software, it is also widely used for developing portable application software. Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to encourage cross-platform programming. A standards-compliant and portably written C program can be compiled for a very wide variety of computer platforms and operating systems with few changes to its source code. The language has become available on a very wide range of platforms, from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers. 5.1 Software design:Graphics is used in this software designing. Header files are include like conio.h, stdio.h,graphics.h, dos.h,etc. VI. RESULT ON PC

JFET and MOSFETS and ICS so it makes circuit highly stabilized. Transmitter and receiver part are very stable with negligible effect of temperature variations.

7.2 Demerits:Range is less Requires larger number of cables

7.3 Future scope:It can be used as Detector and Tracker. It can be used as a Spy Robot. It can be used as advance Radar It can be used as fire detector. VIII. CONCLUSION The detection of object with computer based Radar shows the graphical view of running radar effects. The detection can be economically made without wires to certain terrestrial distance, and message send to its owner secretly and instantly. It will be great advantages for future applications for space technology if one can think for advance radar technology with spy robot system and computer interfaced system for tracking and detecting broadly. A similar concept has been recently implemented for Mars tracking system (August 2012) by NASA. .

REFERENCES:[1] APPLICATION NOTE 5099 on Alarm Sounds When RF Transmitter is Out of Range By: Tom Au-Yeung and Craig Sakamoto [2] Paper on A Graphical User Interface for Programming Stepper Motors Used At Different Kinds of Applications (Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 139146, 2009) by Ahmet Altintas [3] Stepper Motor Control with a Pc-Based Data Acquisition Toolkit (Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida) [4] http://www.docstoc.com/docs/40981321/Stepper-Motor---ParallelPort-Interface [5] Edde, Byron, Radar Principles, Technology, Applications, Prentice Hall PTR, 1993 [6] Radar-Based Intruder Detection for a Robotic Security System by Phil Corya, H. R. Everettb, Tracy Heath Pastoreb aRobotic Systems Technology, 1234 Tech Court, Westminster, MD 21157 bSpace and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA 92152 [7] RF basics for Non Engineers by Dag Grini, Program Manager, Low Power Wireless,Texas instruments [8] Journal of glaciology, vol 36,no. 123,1990 a pc based portable ice radar receiver by W.R Hammond K.F Sprenke,University of Idaho,Moscow,Idaho 83843,USA

RESULT ON PC DISPLAY

VII. MERITS, DEMERITS & FUTURE SCOPE 7.1 Merits:Visual effects are highly appreciable. Simpler circuits used that reduces cost factor Delay in circuit is very less. Parallel port is used that makes system faster.