International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN INTERNATIONAL Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME 0976

76 6545(Print), ISSN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)

ISSN 0976 6545(Print) ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October - December (2012), pp. 234-240 IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijeet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.2031 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com

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ANFIS CONTROLLER FOR SOLAR POWERED CASCADE MULTILEVEL INVERTER

Shimi S.L. #1 , Dr. Thilak Thakur #2, Dr. Jagdish Kumar#3 , Dr. S Chatterji#4, Dnyaneshwar Karanjkar #5 #1, #3 Assistant Professor, #2Associate Professor, , #4Professor & Head,#5 Research scholar, #1, #4, #5 Electrical Engineering Department, NITTTR, Chandigarh #2, #3 Electrical Engineering Department ,PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh E-mail: #1shimi.reji@gmail.com, #2 tilak20042005@yahoo.co.in, #3 jk_bishnoi@yahoo.com, #4 chatterjis@yahoo.com,#5dskaranjkar@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the design and simulation of solar powered cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. ANFIS based controller switching scheme is used to improve the power quality thus to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)of the system . The system performance using ANFIS based controller are evaluated by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations and the results in terms of THD are simulate and compared with the conventional controller. Index Terms: Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Solar Powered Multilevel Inverter ,Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). I. INTRODUCTION

Power quality is the major issue in the energy sector. The nonlinear electronic equipments connected in the network produce undesired harmonics components and results in poor power quality thus deteriorating the efficiency and performance of the system. To overcome these snag many different solutions have been proposed in literature. The multilevel converters are gaining high reputation because of their better efficiency and output waveforms over other standard two level pulse width modulated (PWM) converters [1], [2], [4], [5]. One of the major advantage of multilevel inverter is that even in high power application it is flexible to interface the renewable energy sources such as PV arrays, wind, and fuel cells in the dc input portion of the multilevel inverter [3, 4]. Multilevel converters have received more and more attention because of their capability of high voltage operation, high efficiency, and low electromagnetic interference (EMI) [5][3].
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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

The multilevel inverters use large number of power semiconductor devices for their switching thus results in more switching losses and is less reliable. But the industrial applications such as industrial manufacturing are more dependent on induction motors and their inverter systems for process control. The IEEE 519 standard limits of THD of the output voltage of the converter circuit should be maintained for such applications [6]. In industries the harmonics mitigation of multilevel inverter circuit is a very important issue. In [7-9] the investigators have proposed the elimination theory to determine the switching patterns to eliminate the specific harmonics, such as 5th, 7th, 11th, and the 13th. In case of 3 phase 11 level multilevel inverter there are 15 dc sources, as the number of dc sources increases the degrees of the polynomials in these equations increases and thus it becomes difficult to solve such a problem. The methods to solve such polynomial equations using elimination theory are discussed in [10]. The solar powered multilevel inverter introduces a lot of harmonics. In this paper an ANFIS based switching scheme is used for harmonic elimination. The knowledge of harmonic elimination for multilevel inverter is very necessary as it gives an idea about the switching pattern for harmonic elimination in case of 11 level cascade multilevel inverter [11]. II. MULTILEVEL INVERTER DRIVES (MLIDS)

In industrial drives the conventional inverter drives are most commonly used. They consist of six power switches with pulse width modulation (PWM) switching. By using such conventional converters the output voltage and current waveform qualities has deteriorated. To overcome this problem and improve the waveform quality the switching frequency should be increased, but this result in higher switching losses. As the number of levels of multilevel inverter is increased the output staircase waveform is more close to a sine wave thus very low distortion is produced in the output.

Fig. 1 Single-phase structure of a mulitlevel cascaded inverter The investigator of [3] has mainly discussed the cascade MLID and back-to-back diodeclamped converter topologies of multilevel inverters for electric drive application. The
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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

cascaded multilevel inverter drive is the main focus of this paper. The Fig. 1 shows the single-phase structure of a multilevel cascaded inverter.

III.

PV MODELING

Modeling of a solar cell is done by connecting a current source in parallel with an inverted diode along with a series and a parallel resistance as shown in Fig.2. The series resistance is due to hindrance in the path of flow of electrons from n to p junction and parallel resistance is due to the leakage current. The single diode model shown in Fig. 2 [13] was adopted for simulating the PV module under different irradiance and temperature levels. The modeling of the PV cell was done in MATLAB/SIMULINK by writing the code in the embedded block. The PV cell subsystems were modeled and connected to the 11 level cascade multilevel inverter.
Rs I +

Rs

V _

Fig. 2 Single diode model of a PV cell In literature a number of approaches and models were found to analyze the behavior of PVs [14-16]. The PV cell model used in this work is based on the single diode cell. The VI characteristics ( in green) of a typical solar cell are as shown in the Fig. 3.
3. 3 Cell current in A
IMPP

1.
PMPP

1. Cell power in
MPP

2. 2 1. 1 0. 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

1 0. 0. 0. 0.
Vo

0 0.7

0.4

0.5

0.6

Cell voltage in V

Fig. 3 V-I and P-V characteristics curve of photovoltaic cell

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

When the voltage and the current characteristics are multiplied we get the P-V characteristics (in blue) as shown in Fig. 4. The point highlighted as MPP is the point at which the panel power output is maximum [17]. The equation (2) is the basic equation for the photovoltaic current. (2) Where, Ipv : photovoltaic current I0 : saturation current Vt : thermal voltage Rs : equivalent series resistance Rp : equivalent parallel resistance a : diode ideality constant IV. ANFIS (ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM)

Intelligent control is the viable alternative to conventional control schemes. The uncertain or unknown variations in plant parameters can be dealt more effectively by using artificial intelligent techniques such as fuzzy logic and neural network. Hence the robustness of the control system can be improved. The multilayer feed forward network has nodes which performs a particular function on incoming signals. Each node has different formula. The links in the adaptive network just indicate the signal flow direction [18, 19]. V. PROPOSED DESIGN

In this proposed method of the solar powered 11 level cascade multilevel inverter, has five input stages, all the five stages are alike in the construction module. All the modules consist of GTOs as power switches.

Fig. 4 Block Diagram of the proposed system The modulation index at the output of 11 level cascade multilevel inverter is calculated and is given as input to the ANFIS controller. The ANFIS controller chooses the optimized firing angles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and fires the 11 level cascade multilevel inverter.

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

VI.

SIMULATED CIRCUITS AND WAVEFORMS

The subsystem of the solar powered 11 level cascade multilevel inverter is shown in Fig 5. The FFT spectrum of the line voltage is found using the FFT analysis tool. The FFT spectrum of a conventional controller and ANFIS controller are shown in Fig 6 and Fig 7 respectively. The total harmonic distortion of a conventional controller is found to be 8.51 % and that of an ANFIS controller is found to be 4.51 %.

Fig. 5 Subsystem of the solar powered 11 level cascade multilevel inverter

Fig.6 FFT spectrum of conventional controller

Fig.7 FFT spectrum of ANFIS controller

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN 0976 6545(Print), ISSN 0976 6553(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October December (2012), IAEME

VII.

CONCLUSION

A three-phase solar powered 11 level cascade inverter has been proposed. The PV cell modeling was performed and the dc supply for all the H-bridges were supplied through the PV cells. The ANFIS based switching scheme is used to fire the GTOs of multilevel inverter for reducing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and to improve the power quality of the supply voltage and current. The total harmonic distortion of a conventional controller is found to be 8.51 % and that of an ANFIS controller is found to be 4.51 %. REFERENCES [1] Carlo Cecati, Fabrizio Ciancetta, A Multilevel Inverter for Renewables with Fuzzy Logic-based Control, IEEE Conference Publication, International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, 9-11 June 2009, Page(s): 227 - 231. [2] L.G. FRANQUELO, J. RODRIGUEZ, J. I. LEON, S. KOUKO, R. PORTILLO, M. A.M. PRATS, THE AGE OF MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS ARRIVES, IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE, JUNE 2008, PP. 28-39. [3] L.M. Tolbert, F. Z. Peng, T. G. Habetler, Multilevel Converters for Large Electric Drives, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 35, no. 1, Jan./Feb. 1999, pp. 3644. [4] J. Rodriguez, J. S. Lai, and F. Z. Peng, Multilevel Inverters: Survey of Topologies, Controls, and Applications, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 49, no. 4, Aug. 2002, pp. 724-738. [5] J. S. Lai and F. Z. Peng, Multilevel Converters A New Breed of Power Converters, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 32, no. 3, May /June 1996, pp. 509-517. [6] C. K. Duffey and R. P. Stratford, Update of Harmonic Standard IEEE-519: IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 25, no. 6, Nov./Dec. 1989, pp. 1025-1034. [7] H. S. Patel and R. G. Hoft, Generalized Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters: Part I Harmonic Elimination, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 9, May/June 1973, pp. 310-317. [8] H. S. Patel and R. G. Hoft, Generalized Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters: Part II Voltage Control Technique, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 10, Sept./Oct. 1974, pp. 666-673. [9] P. N. Enjeti, P. D. Ziogas, J. F. Lindsay, Programmed PWM Techniques to Eliminate Harmonics: A Critical Evaluation IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 26, no. 2, March/April. 1990. pp. 302 316. [10] J. N. Chiasson, L. M. Tolbert, K. J. McKenzie, Z. Du, A New approach to solving the harmonic elimination equations for a multilevel converter, IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, October 12-16, 2003, Salt Lake City, Utah, pp. 640-645. [11] T. Sripal Reddy, Dr. B.V.Sanker Ram, Dr. K. Raghu Ram The Simulation And Analysis Of Multilevel Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive, International Institute of Engineering and Technology Reserch Center, Vol No. 1, Issue No. 1, pp 043-049,2011. [12] E. Cengelci, S. U. Sulistijo, B. O. Woom, P. Enjeti, R. Teodorescu, and F. Blaabjerg, A New Medium Voltage PWM Inverter Topology for Adjustable Speed Drives, in Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO, Oct. 1998, pp. 1416-1423. [13] F. Filho, L. M. Tolbert, B. Ozpineci, Y. Cao, "Real Time Selective Harmonic Minimization for Multilevel Inverters Connected to Solar Panels Using Artificial Neural
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Network Angle Generation," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 47, no. 5, Sept.-Oct. 2011, pp. 2117-2124 [14] U. Boke, A simple model of photovoltaic module electric characteristics, European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, pp.1-8,Sept. 2007. [15] O. Gil-Arias, E. I. Ortiz-Rivera, A general purpose tool for simulating the behavior of PV solar cells, modules and arrays, 11th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics, pp. 1-5, Aug. 2008. [16] R. Ramaprabha, B. L. Mathur, MATLAB based modelling to study the influence of shading on series connected SPVA, 2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, pp. 30-34, Dec. 2009. [17] Marcelo G, Gazoli J. and Filho E., Comprehensive Approach to Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Arrays, IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, vol. 24, no. 5, May 2009, p.p.1198-1208. [18] Mouloud A. Denai, Frank Palis, Abdelhafid Zeghbeb, ANFIS Based Modelling and Control of Non-Linear Systems: A Tutorial ,IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2004. [19] J. S. R. Jang,ANFIS: Adaptive Network-Based-Fuzzy Inference System, IEEE Transactions On Systems, Man And Cybernetics, VOL. 23, No. 3,May/June,1993. [20] A.Selwin Mich Priyadharson and Dr.T.R.Rangaswamy, Cascaded Fuzzy Controller Scheme For Combustion Control Of A Utility Boiler Using Control Balance Model International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET), Volume 2, Issue 2, 2011, pp. 42 - 53, Published by IAEME. [21] Sweeka Meshram, Ganga Agnihotri and Sushma Gupta, A Modern Two Dof Controller For Grid Integration With Solar Power Generator International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET), Volume 3, Issue 3, 2012, pp. 164 - 174, Published by IAEME. [22] Ganni Gowtham , Ksitij Kumar , S.S Charan and K Manivannan, Experimental Analysis Of Solar Powered Ventilation Coupled With Thermo Electric Generator On Unroofed Parked Vehicles International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJMET), Volume3, Issue3, 2012, pp. 471 - 482, Published by IAEME. [23] M.S.Sujatha, Manoj Kumar.N and Dr M. Vijay Kumar, Under Frequency Load Shedding For Reduction Of Energy Loss Using By Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Technique International journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET), Volume3, Issue2, 2012, pp. 389 - 398, Published by IAEME

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