HL Chemistry Data collection -Qualitative:

Evaporation of Alcohols

Justin Germani

There were no visible changes other than the paper absorbing the alcohol. There was a strong pungent odor released with each sample which clearly indicates the alcohols were evaporating. -Quantitative:

The graph represents how logger pro was used to obtain the slope of the graph from the point where the temperature began to decrease to where it began to stop. The slope represents the rate of the evaporation as the graph is of temperature vs. time. This was done for each alcohol. Rates of Evaporation for Each Tested Alcohol Rate of Evaporation Alcohol (C/s)/0.0001 1st 2nd 3rd Methanol -0.0721 -0.0684 -0.0654 Ethanol -0.0523 -0.0567 -0.0532 1-propanol -0.0402 -0.0448 -0.0421 2-methyl-2-propanol -0.0389 -0.0309 -0.0359 1-pentanol -0.0233 -0.0246 -0.0287

HL Chemistry Processed Data:

Evaporation of Alcohols

Justin Germani

Average Rate of Evaporation vs. Molecular Mass Molecular Mass Average Rate of Evaporation (g) (C/s)/0.0001 32.04 -0.0686 46.07 -0.0541 60.10 -0.0424 74.12 -0.0352 88.15 -0.0255 Sample Calculation: Average Rate of Evaporation:

trial1 trial 2 trial 3 3 0.0721 0.0684 0.0654 3 0.0686

Uncertainty of Average: When the average of a set of value is taken uncertainty remains the same:

Graph:

Graph displays the processed data of average rate of evaporation against the molar mass of the five alcohols.

HL Chemistry Conclusion:

Evaporation of Alcohols

Justin Germani

The data suggests that as the molar mass of the alcohol increases the rate of evaporation decreases. The linear regression on the graph of average rate of evaporation vs. molar mass is negative again suggesting as molar mass increases rate of evaporation decreases. This does not prove that this relationship is true for all other types of alcohol. The rate of evaporation eventually will reach zero. This is because as the molecule gets larger the intermolecular forces of attraction acting on the molecule in this case Van der Waals forces become greater and greater. It gets to the point where the force is too strong to let the molecule evaporate. At some point in increasing the molecular mass the molecule becomes solid. Thus only for the five tested alcohols can we say that this linear regression applies. Although the results do not show the overall trend between rates of evaporation and molar mass of alcohols it does show the general trend of inversely proportional. Evaluation: Error Air pressure did not remain constant. Effect on data Air pressure needed to remain constant as a sudden blow of air created by someone passing by the alcohol could increase the rate of evaporation. If different amounts of alcohol were soaked up due to the different size of the strip the rate of evaporation could have been decreased. The data cannot give a holistic result or trend. Improvement Place the temperature probes with the sponges attached in a closed environment where no random wind currents can affect the probe/ experiment. A more mechanical way of cutting the strips could be used to get more uniform size strips.

Strips used to soak alcohol were not exactly equal size.

Only a limited number of alcohols were tested

Testing more alcohols such as those with larger chains would give the data a much more holistic view of the relationship being tested.

The data is reliable because a reliable triplicate of the data was obtained for each alcohol.