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]] 0dobm*lygkonf igokYd aom yk*Kd vftm; (okbonmrjzpfatmif ESv;oGi;&ef) 0efrav;}}[k rdru,udk H Hk f d dk f tm;uk;pdwcsygrl (xkmwHcg;vrf; ponfjzifvnf;) oGm;Ekiygao;\/ d f d G h d f 175 105/ (tokbaumif&m okomefoYdk ) oGm;aoma,m*Donfvnf; oHCax&ftm;jzpfap? xifm; dS S aom tjcm;&[ef;tm;jzpfap yefMum; oGm;tyf\/ tb,faMumifqkaomf a,m*Dtm; okomef bDv; jcaoFh h d l usm; ponfwYk\ tqif; toH tpSaom ted|mkwYdk u ESypuf(tyf) aomaMumifh t*FgBuD;i,fwYdk onfrvnf; d d H d f l wkevyuejf im;tH?h pm;xm;aom tpmonfrvnf; tpmtdr aumif;pGm rwnfyJ tefxujf im;tH?h tjcm;wyg; f I f k l f G aom tema&m*gonf rlvnf;jzpfay:jim;tH?h xkoYdk jzpfvQif ausmif; (Saom) a,m*D&[ef;\ oydwf ouFe;ukd d d f xkoCax&fponfu aumif;pGmapmifaSmuf ayvdrrnf? &[ef;i,frsm; omraPrsm;ukd apvTwrlvnf; xkd d H h hf f a,m*D&[ef;ukd apmifaSmufayvdrrnf/ wenf;aomfum; okomefrnfonfrm ]](zrf;qD;rnfowYdk r) GUH Sm;zG,h hf S h l S f pk;&drz,uif;aom t&yf jzpfonf}} [k rSw,uevsuf ck;rIyNyD;aom ck;olwYdkonfif;? ck;rIy&ef tBuHyaeaom d f G f f l k f d d d ck;olwYdk onfif; oufa&muf ckatmif;wwfMuuke\? xkc;olwYdk onf &JEihf OpmSivwYdk u vkuvmMuvQif d d f d dk S f l d f ck;,lcaom Opmukd (okomefaeaom) &[ef;\teD; ypfcscJrlvnf; xGuajy;wwfMuuke\? (xkoYdk xGuajy; d hJ h f f d f MuvQif) &JEihf OpmSif vlwYdk u ]]ck;xkyc;x,fEiwuG ck;oludk awGUMuonf}}[k ESv;oGi;uke (xk) &[ef;ukd S d f dk S hf d Hk f f d zrf;,lum ESypufwwfMuuke\/ xkoYdk aom tcg (yefMum;tyfcaom) xkoCax&fponfu ]] &[ef;ukd rESyf d f f d hJ d H d pufMuygvif?h &[ef;onf igYtm; yefMum; (tokbIjcif; [laom) rnfaom udpj zifh (okomefoYdk ) oGm;cJyg h onf}}[k ajymMum;um xkvwYdkudk odem;vnfr&ap xkd (yefMum;oGm;aom) &[ef;tm; vGwajrmuf csr;omjcif; d l I f f ukd yayvdrrnf/ onfum; yefMum; oGm;jcif; tusKd;tmed oifaywnf;/ okYd jzpf jyqktyfcaom oHCax&f hf d hJ ESihf xifm;aom&[ef;tm; yefMum; tokbedrwudk Ijcif; xufoefaom vkvm;jcif;Sonfjzpf Oyrmtm; S d f d d jzifh tbdoucrnfrif;onf tbdouoe;&m (r*Fvmcef;r) XmeokYd ,ZfyaZmfaom ,ZftSionf ,ZfyaZmf&m d f H h d f G f l f l koYdk OpmrJaom olqif;&Jonf aTaiG&wem jrKyfExm;&mXmeokYd 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om vGepmjzpfvsuf oGm;bdouJokdY H h HS f G h xkYd twlyif (tusijhf zifh tkjd cif; aojcif;rS {uefrcRwf vGw&ayvdrrnf[k ESv;oGi;um) 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;omjcif; f hf Hk f ukd jzpfapvsuf t|uxmwkYd jyqkxm;onfh tpDt&ifjzifh oGm;tyfayonf/ rSeay\? atmufygpum;ukd d f (t|uxmwkYd ) rdeYf qxm;ay\/ dk ]]O'Krmwu tokbedrwudk ,lvaoma,m*Donf wyg;wnf;tazmfrygyJ oGm;\? rarh d f dk ravsmhxifaom owdvsuf twGi;wnfMuaom rsufppaom aÈrsm;Svsuf tjyifoYdk roGm; dS f d d aom pdwonfjzpf toGm; tjyefvrf;ukd qifjcifrwom;vsuf (oGm;\)/ O'Krmwu olao f dS S f aumiferwudk ypfcsxm;&m t&yf (teD;tyg;) (Saom) ausmufuif;? awmifyYdk uif;? opfyif d d f d dk dk ukif;? csKHuif;? EG,uif; tokbaumif edrwEiwuG (,SOwvsuf yki;jcm;rSwom;jcif;uk) d dk f dk d f S hf f JG d f f d y\? tokbtmkEiwuG (rSwom;jcif;uk) y\/ tokbedrwEiwuG tokb tmkEiwuG H S hf f d d f S hf H S hf (rSwom;jcif;uk)yNyD;vQif O'Krmwutokbedrwudk rdr\ oabm&if;jzpfaom vuPmtm;jzifh f d d f d rSwom;\/ tqif;tm;jzifvnf; (rSwom;\) vditoGitm;jzifvnf; ykoPmeftm;jzifvnf; f h f f f h H h t&yftm;jzifvnf; wnf&mtm;jzifvnf; tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifvnf; (rSwom;\)? tpyftm;jzifh h h d f h f tMum;t&yftm;jzifh tedrtcsKditm;jzifh tjriftarmuftm;jzifh ywf0ef;usiftm;jzifh (rSwom;\)/ hf hf h f xka,m*Donf xkO'Krmwu olaoaumiferwudk aumif;pGm ,ltyfonfudk y\? aumif;pGm d d d d f rSwratmifrw\? aumif;pGm yki;jcm;Ekiatmif yki;jcm;\ xka,m*Donf xkerwudk aumif;pGm f d S f d f d f d f d d d d f ,ltyfonfudk yNyD;vQif aumif;pGmrSwratmif rSwNf yD;vQif aumif;pGmyki;jcm;Ediatmif yki;jcm;NyD; f d d f k f d f vQif wyg;wnf; tazmfrygyJ (okomefrS ausmif;okYd ) oGm;\? (0g-jyefvm\) 176 rarhravsmh xifaom owdvsuf twGi; wnfMuaom (rsuppaom) aÈrsm;Svsuf tjyifoYdk roGm;aom dS f f d d pdwonfjzpf toGm;tjyefvrf;ukd qifjcifrwom;vsuf (oGm;\? 0g-jyefvm\)/ xkoYdk jyefvm f dS S f d NyD;aoma,m*Donf pBuom;vQifvnf; xk(tokbedrwqoYdk aS;Ijzpfaom) tzkYd onfomvQif G d d f D dS jzpfaom pBu oGm;jcif;ukd aqmufwnf\ (y\)? xkiaevQifvnf; xkd (tokbedrwqoYdk aS;I d f d f D jzpfaom) tzkYd onfomvQif jzpfaomae&mukd cif;vsuf (xki) ae\/ dS d f tokbaumif\ ywf0ef;usi (ausmufpaom) edrwudk rSwom;jcif;onf tb,f f d f f tusKd;tmedoifoenf; rawGa0jcif;[laom tusKd;tmedoifay\/ wqJwyg;aomtjcif;t&m dS dS h tm;jzifh tokb edrwudk rSwjf cif;onf tb,ftusKd;tmedoifoenf; (tokbtmk pdwu) d f dS H f dk aqmifuyf zGUJ csnfjcif;[laom tusKd;tmedoifay\/ toGm;tjyefvrf;ukd qifjcifrwom;jcif; dS S f onf tb,ftusKd; tmedoif Soenf; (ESv;oGi;rIudk ur|mef;vkyief;pOf) vrf;okYd aumif;pGm d Hk f f
wzefom;apjcif;-wufa&mufapjcif; [laom tusKd;tmedoif Say\/ G d xka,m*Donf ]]tusifjh zifh tkjd cif; aojcif;rS {uefrcRwf vGw&ayvdrrnf}}[k tusKd; d f hf tmedoifudk ajrmfjrifvsuf (tokb tmku) tvGe&cJaom &wemjrwf[k trSwf yum kaoav; H dk f d pm;jcif;ukd jzpfapvsuf aumif;pGm jrwfE;onfjzpf xkd (O'Krmwu tokb)tmk pdwudk dk H f aqmifuyf zGUJ csnf\/ xkd (okYd pwudk tokbtmk aqmifuyf zGUJ csnfvsuf Iaeaom) a,m*D d f H onf umrwkdYrS uif;qdwfomvQif tukokdvfw&m;wkdYrS uif;qdw (omvQif) 0dwuf0pm&ESihf f d wuGjzpfaom 0da0uaMumifjh zpfaom yDwocSaom yXrpsmefudk jynfpapvsuae\/ xk(okYd ae d k d h Hk f d aom) a,m*Donf lyg0p&yXrpsmefuif;? 'dA0[m&ukif;? bm0emr, yknud&,0wKukif; dk d d d d &tyfNyD;jzpfayawmhonf}}/ um; t|uxmwkYd qkxm;aom tpDt&ifaywnf;/ d 106/ xkd (okYd tokbedrwudk ,ljcif;onf t&d,r*f\ teD;uyftaMumif;jzpfaom yXrpsmefudk &jcif;\ d f taMumif; rSejf zpfjcif;? ]]tokbedrwudk ,lvaom a,m*Donf wyg;wnf;tazmfrygyJ oGm;\}}[k t|uxmwkYd d f dk qkdxm;jcif;[laomtaMumif; 2-yg;)aMumifh (tokbaumifwYdk udk Munf kyu,\ jzpf;oabmrSeudk rSwom; h I f dk f dk f f jcif;jzifif;? xdwvefYroa0*ukjd zpfap jcif;jzifif; rdr\) pdwudk odrwapjcif; tusKd;iSg okomefom;aom h f I H h d f S f I G yk*Kd vfonf acgif;avmif;xk;pnfudk wD;acgufvsuf twlom; azmftaygif;ukd pnf;a0;apaomfvnf; oGm;vku d G d oGm;ygap (0g-oGm;Ekiay\)/ ur|mef;ukd y"meyojzifh oGm;aom yk*Kd vfonfum; wyg;wnf; tazmfrygyJ rlv d f ur|mef;ukd rpGeYf r xkrvur|mef;udk ESv;oGi;vsufomvQif okomef acG;tpSaom ab;&efudk acsmufveYf l d l Hk f h d S y,fm;&eftwGuf awmifa0S;ukjd zpfap? ESiwujdk zpfap? ukiaqmif aumif;pGmxifjcif;ukd NyD;apojzifh rarhaom S f H d f owdudk jzpfapvsu2 pdwvQif ajcmufcajrmufueaom aÈwYdk\twGi; wnfonf\tjzpfudk NyD;apojzifh f f k dS k f f tjyifoYdk roGm;aom pdwonfjzpf (okomefoYdk ) oGm;tyfayonf/ f dS ausmif;rS xGuvQifyif ]]rnfaom t&yf rnfaomwHcg;jzifh xGuonf}}[k wHcg;ukd rSwtyf\? xkYd f f f aemif oGm;&mvrf;ukd ]]vrf;onf taSUt&yfqoYdk oGm;\}}[laomfif;? ]]taemuft&yf-ajrmuft&yf-awmif D t&yfqoYdk oGm;\}} [laomfif; ]](taSUawmifpaom) taxmifht&yfqDokdY oGm;\}}[laomfif; rSwftyf\/ D xkYd jyif ]]Xme vuf0bufoYdk oGm;\? Xme vusmbufoYdk oGm;\? Xme 177 ausmufSd\? Xme J f awmifyYdk \? Xme opfyif\? Xme csKH\? Xme EG,\}}[lvnf;rSwftyf\/ okdY toGm;vrf;ukd dS dS dS f dS yki;jcm;rSwom;vsuf tokbedrw&m t&yfoYdk oGm;tyfayonf/ okYd aomf avqefrum; roGm;tyfay? avqef d f f d f dS l oGm;vQif taumifyyeYH onf ESmacgif;ukd wkucu OD;aESmufudk acsmufcsm; ysufjym;ap&m\? tpmukrvnf; k f d f dk f d l tefxuap&m\? ]]vktaumifyy&mokYd vmcJravjcif;}}[k ESv;romjcif;ukrvnf;jzpfap&m\/ xkYd aMumifh G f d k f dS h d Hk d l avqefvrf;ukd aSmifv avpkevrf;jzifh oGm;tyf\/ tu,f (jzwfoef;oGm;&rnf) vrf;ckvwf awmif JT f h urf;yg;jywf ausmufw;BuD; ausmufaqmifBuD; pnf;k; ql;rsm;aomXme a& TUH nGeAuf wpkwckjcm;vsuf Hk d f G H SaomaMumifh avpkevrf;jzifom;&ef rjzpfEiygrl ouFe;pGe;jzifh ESmacgif;ukd ydw oGm;tyf\/ onfum; d f h G dk f f f f xka,m*D\ (okomefoYdk) oGm;&m y&rnfh usi0wfaywnf;/ d hf 107/ qkconftwdi; (okomefoYdk ) oGm;a&mufNyD;aom a,m*Donf aS;OD;pGm tokbedrwudk rMunfI d hJ h k f d f h oifao;/ xkioifaom t&yfudk yki;jcm;aG;cs,f&OD;rnf/ aG;cs,fyudk csJYjy&vQif wckaom t&yftzkYd wnfaom h d f h d f Hk oltm; tokbtmkvnf; xifm;pGm ray:? pdwvnf; (tokbI&ef) rcefYusef; roefpr;yJ Swwf\/ xkYd aMumifh H S f G f d xkoYdk aomt&yfudk y,f tokbtmkH xifm;ay:&m pdwvnf; cefYuse;&m t&yf wnf&m\/ xkYd jyif avaMu d S f f avnmt&yfuvnf; y,ftyf\? tjypfum; avaMu t&yf wnfvQif tykyeYu ESypufaomaMumifh pdwrwnfyJ dk f H d f f ajy;oGm;aewwf\? avnmt&yf wnfaevQif(vnf;) xkoaoaumif pk;tkyapmifaSmufaeaom bDv; ajrbkwf d l d f h l wkdYSdaeygrl if;wkdYu (igwkdY\xHoYdk raumif;aom vleYH udk vmaponf[k ESv;oGi;vsuf) pdwq;Mu tusKd;rJudk Hk f f dk h ywwfMuuke\/ xkYd aMumifh tenf;i,f z,fm; avnmwnfwnfrusvGe;aomt&yf wnfae&m\/ okdY f S h h f wnfaeaom olonfvnf; (tokbaumifEi) ra0;vGe; reD;vGe;aomt&yfajc&if; acgif;&if; r[kwaom t&yf S hf f f f wnf&m\/ tjypfum; a0;vGe;aomt&yf wnfvQif tmkrxifm;yJ Swwf\? eD;vGe;aomt&yf (wnfaevQi) f H S d f f aMumufjcif; jzpfay:wwf\? ajc&if; acgif;&if;t&yf wnfaevQif tokbaumif wuk,v; nDwnrQ rxifay: d f Hk l D ay/ xkYd aMumifh reD;vGe; ra0;vGe; Munf&ef csrf;omvG,u&mjzpfaom olaoaumif\ tv,fyi;t&yf f f h I f l dk f wnfae&m\/
108/ okYd wnfaeNyD;vQif]](olaoaumif ypfcsxm;&m) xkt&yf ausmufw; ausmufcuif;/y/ EG,udk d Hk J dk f if; tokbaumiferwEiwuG y\}}[l qktyfcueaom ywf0ef;usifdS edrwwYdk udk rSwom;tyfue\/ xkdokdY d d f S hf d hJ k f d f f k f rSwom;&m ,ckqrnfh pum;onf rSwom;ykH tpDt&ifaywnf;? tu,f xktokbaumiferw\ teD;tyg; f dk f d d d f jrifEi&mt&yf ausmufjdS im;tH?h xkausmufudk ]]jrifonf[if;? edronf? i,fonf? BuD;onf? eDonf? ndKrnf; dk f d h l hf onf? jzLonf? Snonf? 0ef;0ki;onf[if; yki;jcm; (qk;jzwf) tyf\/ xkYd aemif ]]rnfaom t&yf wnfae f d f l d f H aom t&mum; ausmuf (pif;pif;acGacG wnfaeaom) t&mum; tokbaumiferw?f t&mum; t&m d d um; tokbaumiferw?f t&mum; ausmuf}}[k (tjyeftvSe) aumif;pGm rSwom;tyf\/ tu,f awmifykdYd S d d f f vQif xkawmifyYdk uvnf; ]]jrifonf[if;? edronf? 178 i,fonf? BuD;onf? eDonf? ndKrnf;onf? jzLonf? d dk h l hf Snonf? 0ef;0ki;onf[if;}} yki;jcm;tyf\/ xkYd aemif ]]rnfaom t&yf wnfaeaom t&mum; awmifyYdk f d f l d f t&mum; tokbaumiferw}f }[k aumif;pGm rSwom;tyf\/ tu,f opfyifvQif xkopfyifuvnf; ]]anmif d d f dS d dk Ak' a[yif [lif;? yanmifyif? zatmif;eufyif? anmifcsOyif[if;? jrifonf? edronf? i,fonf? BuD;onf? f l h hf eDonf? ndKrnf;onf? jzLonf[if;}} yki;jcm;tyf\/ xkYd aemif ]]rnfaom t&yf wnfaeaom t&mum; l d f opfyif t&mum; tokbaumif edrw}f }[kaumif;pGm rSwom;tyf\/ tu,f csKHSdvQif xkdcsKHukdvnf; d f ]]oifaygif;csKH (0g-pGeyvGcsKH)[lif;? cHcsKH? ukvm;Zvyf? vdyq;aT [lif;? jrifonf? edronf? i,fonf? f H f l h hf BuD;onf [lif;}} yki;jcm;tyf\/ xkYd aemif ]]rnfaomt&yf wnfaeaom t&mum; csKHt&mum; tokb d f aumiferw}f }[k aumif;pGm rSwom;tyf\/ tu,f EG,vQif xkE,uvnf; ]]Al;EG,f [lif;? zkE,?f BuH[if; d d f f dS d G f dk H G ndKEG,f (0gEG,faT-OygoumEG,)? EG,euf-EG,ief;? qiforEG,[if;}} yki;jcm;tyf\/ xkdYaemif ]]rnfaom f f f f l d f t&yf wnfaeaom t&mum; EG,yif t&mum; tokbaumiferw?f t&mum; tokbaumiferwf f d d d d t&mum; EG,yif}}[k aumif;pGm rSwom;tyf\/ f f 109/ xkrwyg;]]tokbaumiferwEiwuGy\? tokbtmkEiwuG y\}}[k qkcaom pum;rSm ,ck d S d d f S hf H S hf d hJ jyqkcaom yki;jcm;ykH rSwom;ykyif twGi;0ifom;avNyD/ rSeay\-tzefzefyi;jcm; qk;jzwfvQif tokbaumif d hJ d f f H f G f dk f H edrwEiwuG yonfrnf\/ ]]um; ausmuf um; tokbedrdwf? um; tokbedrdwf um; ausmuf}}[k d f S hf H S hf 2-ck 2-ckwYdk udk qufpyf qufpyf yki;jcm; rSwom;vQif tokbtmkEiwuG yonfrnf\/ d f f xkrwyg; qkconftwki; edrwEiwuG tmkEiwuG yNyD;vQif ]](obm0) rdr\oabm&if;jzpfaom d S d hJ h d f d f S hf H S hf d (bm0) vuPmtm;jzifh rSwom;\}}[k (t|uxmwkYd ) rdeYf qxm;aomaMumifh uk,aumif\ olwyg;ESihf f dk d f rqufqaom (uk,auhmif [laom) rdr\omvQif Opmjzpfaom aoonfrS aemufumv zl;zl;a&mifjcif;[k H d f d qktyfaom (obm0bm0) rdr\ yifu&if; oabmvuPmonf (S\)? xkoabmvuPmjzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\? d d dk d d Hk f ]]zl;zl;a&mifaeaom O'Krmwuolaoaumif[k okYd rdr\ zl;zl;a&mifjcif;[laom oabmtm;jzifif;? (olwyg;wkYd d h tm; pufqyjf cif;ukd jzpfapwwfaom) rdr\ udptm;jzifif; (wenf;) zl;zl;a&mifjcif;[laom rdr\ oabm&if; k d h d jzpfaom odoifh odxuaom rdr\ yifu,oabm tm;jzifh yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\}}/ onfum; (xkd oabm dk f d dk f d f f vuPmjzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\-[laom pum;\) qkv&if;teufaywnf;/ Hk f d dk 110/ okYd yki;jcm;rSwom;NyD;vQif tqif;tm;jzifvnf; vdi-toGitm;jzifvnf; ykoPmeftm;jzifh d f f h f f h H vnf; t&yftm;jzifvnf; wnf&mtm;jzifvnf; tydi;tjcm;tm;jzifvnf; (rSwom;\)[k jycJhaom 6-yg; tjym; h h k f h f tm;jzifh tokbedrwudk rSw,tyf\/ tb,foYdk enf;[lrl xka,m*Donf ]]olaoaumifonf tom;rnf; d f f l d eufo\ uk,aumif[aomfif;? tom;jzLol\ uk,aumif[aomfif;? Murf;yk; (ig;cl) tqif;So\ uk,f l d f l d f l d d l d aumif[aomfif;}}rSwom;tyf\/ vdif-toGitm;jzifh ([l&m) rde;rtoGif a,musfm;toGi[k rrSwom;rl l f f f f f ]] uk,aumifonf yXrtG, wnfo\ uk,aumif[ aomfif;? tv,fyi; tG, wnfo\/ aemuf d f f l d f l dk f f l qH;yki; tG,wnfo\ uk,aumif[aomfif;}} rSwom;tyf\/ ykoPmeftm;jzifh ([l&m) 179 O'Krmwu k d f f l d f l f H olaoaumif\ ykoPmeftpGr;tm;jzifomvQif ]]onfum; xkd olaoaumif\ OD;acgif;oPmef? onfum; H f h vnfyif;oPmef? onfum; vufoPmef? onfum; &ifbwfoPmef? onfum; csufoPmef? onf um; wifyg;oPmef? onfum; aygifoPmef? onfum; ajcovk;oPmef? onfum; ajcoPmef}}[k H rSwtyf\/ t&yftm;jzifh [l&m uk,aumif csufrS atmufyi;ukd atmuft&yf[if;? txufyi;ukd f d f dk f l dk f txuft&yf[lif; 2-yg;aomt&yfwYdk udk yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ wenf;tm;jzifhrl ]]igu (taSY taemuf d f f paom t&yfwYdk wi) rnfaom t&yfwnfonf? tokb edrwu rnfaomt&yf wnfonf}}[k rSwom; G f d f f tyf\/ wnf&mtm;jzifh ([l&m) rlum; ]]vufrsm;u rnfaomt&yf wnfonf? ajcrsm;u rnfaom t&yf ? OD;acgif;u rnfaomt&yf? tv,fyi;uk,u rnfaomt&yf wnfonf}}[k rSwtyf\/ wenf;tm;jzifh dk f d f f ]]igu okYd aom ajrjyift&yf wnfonf? tokbedrwu okYd aomajrjyift&yf wnfonf}}[k rSwom;tyf d f f
h8
\/ tykdif;tjcm;tm;jzifh ([l&m) ]]uk,aumifudk atmufzuf ajcz0g;tjyifjzif?h txufzuf qHyifwYdk \ d f tzsm;jzif?h ywf0ef;usi ta&jzifh yki;jcm;xm;onf? xkyi;jcm;xm;orQ t&yf 32-rsKd;aom tykywYdk jzifh jynfh f d f d dk f f ESuaeonfom}}[k rSwom;tyf\/ wenf;tm;jzifrl ]]onfum; olaoaumif\ vuftyki;tjcm;h? onf f f h d f um; ajctyki;tjcm;? onfum; acgif;tyki;tjcm;? onfum; tv,fyi; uk,\ tyki;tjcm;}}[k rSwom; d f d f dk f d f d f f tyf\? wenf;aomfum; (Pfjzif) odr;,lEif orQaom t&yfuomvQif (vuftpSaom) t&monf okYd h f dk dk d azma&mifjcif; oabmSonfjzpf zl;zl;a&mifvsuf pufqyz,f olaoaumif[k (oabmrSetwki;) ydi;jcm; (rSwf d k f G f d f k f om;) tyf\/ okYd aomfvnf; a,musfm;rSm rde;r\ uk,onfif;? rde;rrSm a,musm;\ uk,onfif; (tokbI f d f f f d f &ef) roifay/ (taMumif;rlum;) vdioPmefcsif; rwlaom uk,aumif pufqyz,f tokbtmkH rxifwwfay? h f d f k f G wyfrufjcif;[laom wkevyjf cif;\ taMumif;omvQif jzpfwwfayonf/ rSeay\? ]]cGgxm;aom toGioPmef f I f f Sjd im;aomfvnf; (0g-usKduusKduqvsuf tqif;oPmef ysufaeaomfvnf;) rde;r(\uk,)onf a,musm;\ f f l f d f f pdwutukev; qGiif,jl cif;iSgwnfonf}}[k rZdrt|uxm rdeYf qxm;ayonf/ xkYd aMumifh (a,musfm;tcsif;csif; f dk f kH J dk rde;rtcsi;csi;) oabmwlaom olaoaumifomvQif ,ck jyqkconftwki; 6-yg; tjym;tm;jzifh rSw,l f f f d hJ h d f f tyfayonf/ 111/ okYd &mwGif tMuif wpkwa,mufaom trsKd;aumif;om;onf aS;bk&m;SiwdYk \txH tokbur H f |mef;ukd rS0b;onf (okomef"wif tpSaom) "kwifudk aqmifb;onf? r[mbkwywYdk udk (Ivsuf) acsrIe; D J l k d l f k f f bl;onf? kyemrfocFg&wkYd udk odr;qnf;Irwb;onf? emrfyudk (Ivsuf) yki;jcm;bl;onf? (xkoYdk ojzif) f f S f l k f d f d I h ow0g[k pGrwrudk y,fcgbl;onf? (0dyem Ijcif;jzifh y#dy'gP'e0do'oYdk a&mufapojzif) orP "r J S f I G k d h ac: &[ef;w&m;ukd yusifb;onf? ukov0goemukd xkapcJb;onf? ukovbm0emukd yGg;apcJb;onf (jzpf) h l dk f H h l dk f h l yg&rDrsKd;aphSd\? Pf&ifusufojzifh vGeuaomPf\? (azmfjycJaomtusijhf zifh udavomwkYd udk acgif;yg; h f J dS h apaomaMumif) udavomenf;yg;\? xkoYdk aom trsKd;aumif;om;rSmrl (tokb aumifu) Munfr&m Munfr&m h d dk h I d h I d t&yfyifvQif y#dbm*edrwf xifay:vmay\/ tu,f xktrsKd;aumif;om;xl;uJoYdk edrwrxifygrl ,ckjycJh d d h d f onfh twkdif; 6-yg; tjym;tm;jzifh ,lvQif edrwxifwwf\/ xkdokdY 6-yg;tjym;tm;jzifh ,lygaomfvnf; tu,f d f rxifao;jim;tH?h xkoYdk edrwrxifao;aom yk*Kd vfonf ]]tpyftm;jzifh tMum;t&yftm;jzifh tedrYf tcsKditm;jzifh d d f hf tjrifh tarmuftm;jzifh ywf0ef;usiftm;jzifh (rSwom;\)}}[k jyqkdcJhaom i f g;yg;tjym;tm;jzifvnf; wzeferwudk h d d f ,ltyf\/ 112/ xkdwGif tpyftm;jzifh-[lonfrm w&mhpq,faom (tk;) tquftpyftm;jzifh ([kqv\)/ okdY S S f d dk dk aomf zl;zl;a&mifaeaom olaoaumif w&mhpq,faom tquftpyfwYdk udk tb,foYdk yki;jcm;rSwom;Ekiayvdrhf S f d f f d f rnfenf;/ xkYd aMumifh a,m*Donf vusfmvuf tpyf 3-ck? vuf0Jvuf tpyf 3-ck? vusfmajc tpyf 3-ck? vuf0Jajc tpyf 3-ck? 180vnfukyf tpyf 1-ck? cg;-wifyg;tpyf 1-ck [laom okYd aom tpyfBuD; 14-ckt& tquftpyftm;jzifh yki;jcm; rSwom;tyfayonf/ tMum;t&yftm;jzif-[l&m tMum;rnfonfrm eHyg;ESihf vuf d f f h S wkYd \tMum;? ajcESpacsmif;wkYd \tMum;? csufEi0rf;acgif;[laom 0rf;yku\tMum;? em;ayguftMum;? okYd f S hf d f ponfyifwnf;? okYd aom tMum;t&yftm;jzifh yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\/ rsufpvnf; rSwaejcif; yGiaejcif;ukif;? d f f d d f hf d cHwi;\vnf; ydwaejcif; yGiaejcif;ukif; yki;jcm; rSwom;tyfao;\/ tedrtcsKditm;jzifh [l&m olaoaumif G f f hf d d f f hf hf rSm rsufwi; yg;pyfwi; vnfrsKd[aom csKdi&mt&yfudk yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\/ wenf;tm;jzifh ]]igu tedr G f G f l hf d f f hf wnfonf? olaoaumifu tjrif wnfonf}}[k yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ tjriftarmuftm;jzifh [l&m olao h d f f h aumif\ 'l;qpf &ifbwf ezl; [laom jrifarmuf&mt&yfudk yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ wenf;tm;jzifh ]]igu tjrifh h d f f wnfonf? olaoaumifu tedrwnfonf}}[k yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\/ ywf0ef;usiftm;jzif[&m olaoaumif hf d f f h l wuk,v;ukd ywf0ef;usitm;jzifh yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ wuk,v; bm0emPfudk oGm;ap txiftSm; d f Hk f d f f d f Hk xifay:aom t&yf ]]zl;zl;a&mifaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif zl;zl;a&mifaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}} k f G k f G [k pdwudk xm;tyf\/ tu,f okYd xm;aomfvnf; edrwrxifjim;tH?h okYd jzpfvQif 0rf;Akutqk; Saom txuf f d f d f H d yki;uk,onf tvGetuJ zl;zl;a&mifvsuf Swwf\? xkd tvGetuJ zl;zl;a&mifaeaom txufyi; uk, ]]zl;zl; d f d f f d f dk f d f a&mifaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif zl;zl;a&mifaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}}[k pdwuxm; tyf\/ k f G k f G f dk 113/ ,ck qkrnfpum;onf ]]xka,m*Donf xkO'Krmwu olaoaumiferwudk aumif;pGm,ltyfonf d h d d d d f ukd y\}} okYd tpSaom pum;&yfwYdk tqk;tjzwf pum;aywnf;/ d H xka,m*Donf xkoaoaumif qkcwi;aom edrwu,jl cif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh edrwudk aumif;pGm ,ltyf d d l d hJ dk f d f dk f d f \/ trSwf&rI-owdudk aumif;pGm xifatmify qifjciftyf\? okYd tzefzefyvsuf aumif;pGmrSwvnf; rSwf f
tyf\? yki;jcm;vnf; yki;jcm;tyf\? olaoaumifrS ra0;vGe; reD;vGe;aomt&yf &yfvsujf zpfap? xkivsujf zpf d f d f f f d f ap rsupudk zGivsuf Munf edrwudk rSw,tyf\/ ]]zl;zl;a&mifaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif zl;zl;a&mif f d hf h d f f l k f G aeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}}[k (ESv;oGi;vsuf) tBudrw&m tBudrwaxmif (rsufp) zGivsuf Munftyf k f G Hk f f f d hf h I \? (rsup) rSwvsuf qifjciftyf\/ okYd tzefzef yaom a,m*Dtm; O*[edrwudk aumif;pGm ,ltyfNyD;jzpfav f d d f d f awmh\/ tb,ftcg aumif;pGm ,ltyfNyD; jzpfoenf;[lrl rsufpzivsuf MunfpOfif;? rsufprwvsuf d G hf h d dS f qifjcifpOfif; wxyfwnf; wlpm (xktmk) xifaomtcg aumif;pGm,ltyf NyD;jzpfonf rnfay\/ G d H xkd a,m*Donf xkd O'Krmwuedrwudk ,ck jyqkconftwki; aumif;pGm ,ltyfNyD;jzpfatmif yNyD;vQif d f d hJ h d f aumif;pGmrSwratmif rSwNf yD;vQif aumif;pGm yki;jcm;Ekiatmif yki;jcm;NyD;vQif tu,f xkae&myif bm0em\ f d d f d f d f d tqH;jzpfaompsmefoYdk a&muf&ef rpGr;Ekijf im;tH?h okYd jzpfvQif (okomefoYdk) vmpOfu qkcaom enf;jzifyif wyg; k f d d hJ h wnf; tazmfrygyJ xkur|mef;ukomvQif ESv;oGi;vsuf aumif;pGmxifaom trSw&rI-owdukdjzpfap 181 d d Hk f f twGi; wnfMuaom aÈrsm; Svsuf tjyifoYdk roGm;aom pdwonfjzpf rdr\ ausmif;okYd omvQif jyefvmtyf f d f dS d \/ okomefrS xGuvQiyif jyefvmcJ&mvrf;ukd yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\? okomefrS xGuc&mvrf;ukd ]]igxGuvm f f h d f f f hJ f cJ&m vrf;onf taSUt&yfoYdk oGm;\}}[laomfif; ]]taemuft&yfajrmuft&yf-awmift&yfoYdk om;\}} [l h G aomfif; (rSwtyf\)/ xkYd jyif ]]Xme vuf0bufoYdk om;\? Xme vusmbufoYdkom;\? Xme ausmufdS f J G f G \? Xme awmifyYdk \? Xme opfyif\? Xme csKH\? Xme EG,\}}[lvnf; (rSwftyf\)/ dS dS dS f dS okYd tjyefvrf;ukd yki;jcm; rSwom;vsuf jyefvmcJNh yD;aom a,m*Donf pBuom;vQifvnf; xktzkYd onfomvQif d f f G d dS jzpfaom pBuom;jcif;ukd aqmufwnftyf-ytyf\? ]]tokbedrw&m t&yfqoYdk aS;Ijzpfaom ajrt&yf pBu G d f dS D oGm;tyf\}}[laomteufudk qkv\/ xkiaevQifvnf; xkd (tokbedrwqoYdk aS;Ijzpfaom) tzkYd onfomvQif d dk d f d f D dS jzpfaomae&mukd cif;( xkiae)tyf\/ tu,f (tokb edrdwfqDokdY aS;Ijzpfaom) xkt&yfrsufEm xk;tkif d f d S H d jzpfap? urf;yg;jywfjzpfap? opfyifjzpfap? pnf;k;jzpfap? TUH nGejf zpfap SaomaMumifh xkd (tokb edrw&m) t&yf d d d f dS rsufEmqDoYdk aS;Ijzpfaom ajrt&yf pBuom;&ef xkiae&ef tcGirom rpGr;Ekijf im;tH?h okYd jzpfvQif xktokb S G d f hf f d d edrw&m t&yfrsufEmukd riJawmhyvnf; tcGitm;avsmfaom t&yf pBuuvnf; oGm;tyf\? xkivnf; xkiae d f dS S h J hf dk d f d f tyf\/ okYd aomf pdwurl xktokbedrw&m t&yfrsufEmqDoYdk omvQif aS;Iytyf\/ f dk d d f dS S 114/ ,ck jyqkrnfh pum;onf ]]ywf0ef;usif edrwudk rSwom;jcif;onf tb,ftusKd; tmedoif d d f f Sdoenf;}} okdY tpSdaom ar;cGef;wkdY\ ]]rawGa0jcif;[laom tusKd;tmedoif Say\}} okdY tpSdaom tajzwkdY d qkvaom t"dyg,faywnf;/ wpkwa,mufaom a,m*Drm tcgrJh nOftcsde O'Krmwu edrw&mt&yfoYdk d dk H S h f d f dS oGm; ywf0ef;usif ausmufpaom edrwwYdk udk rSwom;NyD;vQif tokbedrwudk ,ljcif;tusKd;iSg rsufpuzi d f f d f d dk G hf MunfI aepOfyifvQif xkoaoaumifonf x &yfwnfaeouJoYdk if;? vTr;rk;vmouJoYdk if;? aemufrS vkuvm h d l h f d h d f ouJh okYd if; jzpfvsuf xifay:vmwwf\ (xif&wwf\)? (xkoYdk xifvQif) xka,m*Donf tkyq;aom xkd d d f dk aMumufz,f tmkudk jrif pdwysYvivsuf tl;uJoYdk jzpfom;wwf\? aMumufjcif; ar;yg;ponf awmifvsuf G H f H G hf h G h ud,cuf wa&mfjdS cif; Muufo;arG;ni;xjcif;okYd a&mufwwf\/ rSeay\? ygVdawmf a0befa[mMum;xm;aom k f D f f 38-yg;aom ur|mef;tmkwYdk wif O'Krmwu olaoaumiftmkuoYdk aMumufz,aumif;aom tjcm;tmkrnf H G H hJ G f H onf rSay? xkYd jyif tvGeaMumufz,f aumif;aomaMumifh O'Krmwu ur|mef; psmefravsmusaomol d f G S rnfonfjzpfwwfao;\? xkYd aMumifh xka,m*Donf (aMumufvefYjcif;ukd Nidr;apum rwkervIy) aumif;pGm wnfwhH d f f f ap trSw&rl owdudk aumif;pGm xifatmifyvsuf (okYd qifjcifum tm;ay;tyf\)/ olaoaumifux f vkuonf rnfonf rSacs/ tu,f ]]xkoaoaumif\teD; wnfaom xkausmufonfif; xkE,onfif; d f d d l d d G f (ighxoYdk ) vmjim;tH?h olaoaumifonfvnf; vm&m\/ pifppfrmrl xkausmufonfif; xkE,onfif; rvmwwf H S d d G f ouJoYdk xkYd twlyif olaoaumifonfvnf; rvmwwfay/ (xvmouJoYdk ponfjzifh xif&aom) tmkonf h h H um; oifa,m*Dtm; bm0emy&duonmaMumifh jzpfaom onmvQif jzpfaMumif;Saom xifay:vmonftjcif;t&m H d h edrwaywnf;/ 182 ,aeY oiftm; ur|mef;tmkH xifayNyD? raMumufygvif&[ef;}}[k qifjcifum tm;ay; d f h h (edrwxifjcif;aMumifh jzpfaom) xdwvefYaMumufUG jH cif;ukd aysmufNidr;apvsuf (,ckoifrm yifyef;jcif;\ tusKd; d f f f h S ay:vmayNyD-[k) Tivef;0rf; ajrmufjcif;ukd jzpfapNyD;vQif xkO*[edrw bm0empdwudk tzefzef jzpfaptyf\/ f d d f f okYd jzpfapvQif w&m;xl;uk&\/ okYd w&m;xl; &onfwiatmif jzpfyudk &nf ]]ywf0ef;usif edrwudk d dk f Hk d f rSwom;jcif;onf rawGa0jcif;[laom tusKd;tmedoif Say\}} [laom xkpum;ukd (t|uxmwkYd ) rdeYf qxm; f d d dk ayonf/
10
xkdrSwyg; 11-yg; tjym;jzifh tokbedrwf rSw,jl cif;ukd NyD;apaom a,m*Donf (bm0empdw[aom) d f f l ur|mef;ukd (xifaom tokbedrw) aqmifuyf zGUJ csnf\? (wenf;) (xifaom tokbedrw[aom) ur|mef; d f d f l tmkudk (bm0empdw) aqmifuyf zGUJ csnf\? aqmifuyf zGUJ csnfyum; xka,m*Dtm; rsufpwYdk udk zGi MunfI H f Hk d d hf h jcif;aMumifh O*[edrwjf zpfay:\? xkO*[edrw bm0empdwudk jzpfapaomoltm; (0g-jzpfapvQi) y#dbm*edrwf d d d f f f d jzpfay:\/ xky#dbm*edrw bm0empdwudk jzpfapaomolonf (0g-jzpfapvQif xka,m*Donf) tyempsmefoYdk d d f f d a&muf\/ tyem wnf 0dyemukd yGg;apaomolonf (0g-yGg;apvQif) t&[wzvudk rsufarSmufy\/ dk f xkdYaMumifh ]]11-yg; tjym;jzifh edrwudk rSw,jl cif;onf aqmifuyf zGUJ csnfjcif; [laom tusKd;tmedoif Say\}} d f f d [k rdeUf qkxm;ayonf/ d 115/ xkdrSwyg; ]]toGm; tjyefvrf;ukd qifjcifrwom;jcif;onf vrf;okYd wzefom;apjcif; wufa&mufap S f G jcif;[laom tusKd;Say\}}[laom pum;&yf (ausmif;rS okomefoYdk ) oGm;aom vrf;ukif; (okomefrS ausmif; d d okYd ) jyefvmaomvrf;ukif; qifjcif rSwom;jcif;onf ur|mef;vkyief;pOf[aom vrf;okYd (ESv;oGi;rIu) aumif; d f f l Hk f dk pGm wzef oGm;apjcif; wufa&mufapjcif; [laom tusK;S\ [laom teufudk (qkv\)/ csJUjy&vQif ur|mef; d d d dk tmkudk rSw,c jyefvmaom &[ef;ukd vrf;ckvwf tcsKdUaomvlwYdk u ]],aeY b,fEp&ufajrmufygenf; H f l hJ S f tSib&m;}}[k &ufurvnf; tu,f ar;ukejf im;tH?h jyemukrvnf; ar;ukejf im;tH?h y#doEm& (EIwquf f k dk l d l f pum;)ukrvnf; ajymqkuejf im;tH/ igonf ur|mef;tvkytm;xkwaeaomol jzpfonf[k ESv;oGi;qdwqwf d l d k h f f Hk f f d aevsuom;&ef roifay? &ufudk ajymtyf\? jyemukajztyf\? rodvQif rod[ajymtyf\? w&m;ESiavsmaom f G h d k hf f y#doEm& (EIwqufpum;)ukd ajymtyf\/ okYd ajym&aomaMumifh xk&[ef;tm; rSw,vmcJaom EkaomO*[ f d f l h edrwonf aysmufysuom;wwf\? xkerwf aysmufysuwwfjim;aomfvnf; &ufuar;vQif ajymtyfonfom? d f f G d d d f dk jyemukd rodvQif rod[ajymtyf\? odvQif wpdwwyki;tm;jzifh ajymjcif;iSgvnf; oif\? y#doEm& (EIwquf k f d f h f pum;)ukvnf; ytyf-ajymtyf\/ {nfonf&[ef;ukd jrifvQif tm*EKutm; yoifaom usif0wfy#d oEm&ukd d h h h ytyfonfom/ xkrS wyg;aom apwD,ifjyifusi0wf aAm"d,ifjyifusi0wf Oykotrf usi0wf qGr;pm;ausmif; d hf hf f d hf f usi0wf acR;pk;tdrusif0wf q&mtm;usif0wf OyZm,ftm;usif0wf tm*EK\usi0wf c&D;oGm;qJ *rdu\ hf H f h h h hf usif0wf tpSaom cEu0wf tvk;pkwYdk uvnf; jznfusiftyf (uke) onfom/ xkusif0wfwYdk udk jznfusif&aom h d H H dk h h f d h h h aMumifvnf; xk&[ef;tm; xkEaomO*[edrwonf aysmufysuom;jim;tH?h wzefom; edrwudk ,lt[k oGm;vkd h d d k d f f G G d f hH jim;aomfvnf; bDv;wkYd onfaomfif; usm;paom om;&JwYdk onfaomfif; (xktokbuk) odr;ykuf apmifaSmuf l d d f d h aeaomaMumifh okomefoYdkvnf; oGm;&ef rjzpfEijf im;tH?h tokbaumif edrwonfrvnf; (ajymif;vJazmufjyefaom dk d f l tm;jzifh) u aysmufom;jim;tH/ rSeay\? zl;zl;a&mifaeaom olaoaumifonf w&uf ESp&ufomwnf 0devu ,f G G h f f D -Kdrnf;aom olaoaumif ponf\tjzpfoYdk a&mufom;wwf\? tvH;pkaom ur|mef;tmkwYdk wif O'Krmwu G k H H G olaoaumifEiwaom &cJaom ur|mef;tmkrnfonf rSay/ xkYd aMumifh ,ckjyqkconftwki; O*[edrwf S hf l H d d hJ h d f d aysmufu,om;vQif xk&[ef;onf nOfoefYpif&mt&yfaomfif; aeYoefYpif&m t&yfaomfif; xkiaeNyD;vQif G f G d h d f igonf rnfaom wHcg;jzifh ausmif;rSxuc rnfaom t&yfrsufEmqDoYdk aS;Iaomvrf;ukd oGm;vsuf 183 G f hJ S rnfaomt&yf vuf0bufudk oGm;cJonf? rnfaomt&yf vusfmbufudk oGm;cJonf? xkvrf;\ rnf J h h d aomt&yf ausmufonf? rnfaomt&yf awmifyYdk opfyif csKHE,wYdk wif wckconf/ (xk) igonf xkvrf; dS G f G k dS d d jzifh oGm;NyD;vQif rnfaom t&yf tokbaumifudk awGUjrifc\? xkt&yf (igonf) rnfaom t&yfrsufEm hJ d S qDoYdk aS;Iwnfvsuf ywf0ef;usif ausmufpaom edrwwYdk udk okYd okYd vnf;rSw tokbedrwudk d f f d f okYd aom tjcif;t&mjzifh rSw,c\? rSw,cNhJ yD;vQif rnfaom t&yfrsufEm okomefrS xGuc okYd aom f l hJ f l S f hJ vrf;jzifh okYd aom okYd aom trIuvnf; yvsufvmcJNh yD;vQif ae&m xkiaeonf-[k okYd xuf0,fzUJG acG dk d f xkiae&mXmewkiatmif toGm;tjyefvrf;ukd qifjciftyf\/ okYd qifjcifvQif xka,m*Dtm; aysmufu,om;aom d f d f d G f G xkO*[edrwonf xifm;ay:vmwwf\? aSU csxm;vmbdouJoYdk xifay:wwf\? ur|mef;ukd ESv;oGi;rI d d f S h Hk f onf (edrwruG,aysmufr) aS;u jzpfcb;aom tjcif;t&m tm;jzifomvQif bm0emvrf;pOfoYdk wufa&muf\/ d f f D hJ l h xkYd aMumifh ]]toGm;tjyefvrf;ukd qifjcifrwom;jcif;onf (ur|mef;vkyief;pOf)vrf;okYd aumif;pGm wzefom;apjcif; S f f G wufa&mufapjcif; [laom tusKd;tmedoif Say\}}[l rdefYqkdcJhayonf/ d 116/ ,cktcg ]]tusKd;tmedoifudk ajrmfjrifvsuf &wemjrwf[k trSwf yum kaoav;pm;jcif;ukd jzpfap d vsuf aumif;pGm jrwfE;onfjzpf xkd (O'Krmwu tokb) tmk pdwudk aqmifuyf zGUcsnf\}}[laom dk H f J pum;&yf zl;zl;a&mifae aom olaoaumif[aom pufqyz,tmk bm0empdwudk (tzefzef) jzpfap psmefudk l k f G f H f jzpfay:apNyD;vQif psmefudk tajccHy 0dyemukyg;apvsuf? (0g-yGg;apvkaom olonf) tusifjh zifh tkjd cif; d G d aojcif;rS {uefrcRwf vGw&ayvdrrnf[k okYd tusK; tmedoifudk ajrmfjrifonf jzpf&m\/ f hf d
11
Oyrmjy&vQif rSqif;&Jaom a,musm;onf tzk;rsm;pGmwefaom ywjrm;&wemuk&vQif igonf &cJaom d f d d &wemjrwf uk&ayNyDwum;[k xkd ywjrm; &wemjrwf[k trSwf yumav;pm;jcif;ukd jzpfap tm;BuD;aom cifrif d jrwfE;jcif;jzifh aumif;pGm jrwfE;onfjzpf xkd (ywjrm;&wem)ukd apmifaSmuf&mouJoYdk twlyifvQif ]]olqif; dk dk h h &J\ tzk;rsm;pGmwefonfh ywjrm;&wemESiwaom &cJaom O'Krmwu ur|mef;tmkudk ig&ayonf? rSeay\? d hf l H f "mwfav;yg; ur|mef;,laomolonf rdr\ r[mbkwf av;yg;wkYd udk (b,ftcgrqk) odr;qnf;Eki\? tmemyge d d f d f ur|mef; ,laomolonf rdr\ESmacgif; avukd (b,ftcgrqk) odr;qnf; IrwEi\? uokP;ur|mef; d d f S f dk f d f ,laom olonf uokP;0ef;ykH yvky tvkwi; (Irbm0emud) yGg;apEki\? rS wyg;ukeaom (tEkwd d f f d dS dk f I k d f f jA[0[m& tpSueaom) ur|mef;wkYd onf (vnf;) twlyif &vG,ue\? (wenf;) O'KrmwurS wyg; d d k f f k f ukeaom ur|mef;wkYd onf qkconftwki;yif &vG,ue\/ ]]O'Krmwu olaoaumifonfum; w&uf f d hJ h d f f k f ESp&ufavmufomwnf\? xkrS aemuf&ufrsm; krnf;aom 0devu olaoaumifponftjzpfoYdk a&mufom;wwf f d d D G aomaMumifh xuf ykve &cJaom ur|mef; rSay}}[k ESv;oGi;vsuf xkd (O'Krmwutmk) &wemjrwf[k d G f d Hk f H trSwf yum kaoav;pm;jcif;ukd jzpfapvsuf aumif;pGm jrwfE;onfjzpf xkO'Krmwuedrwudk apmifaSmuftyf d dk d d f h \? nOfae&mif; aeYae&m if; ]]zl;zl;a&mifaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif zl;zl;a&mifaeaom pufqyz,f h k f G k f G olaoaumif}}[k xkO'Krmwuedrw tzef zefpwudk aqmifuyf zGUJ csnftyf\? xkerwudk tzefzef qifjcif d d f d f d d d f tyf\? ESv;oGi;tyf\? (ormouFy[aom) BuHpnfrjI zifh xkEuovkd ESv;oGi;jcif; txl;BuHpnfrjI zifh vSnhf Hk f l S f Hk f ywf xkEuovkd tzefzef ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd ytyf\/ S f Hk f 117/ qkconftwki; tzefzef ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd yaom xka,m*Dtm; y#dbm*edrwf jzpfay:\/ (O*[ d hJ h d f Hk f d d edrwjf zpfonf y#dbm*edrwjf zpfonf[k qkaom) xkpum;&yf ,ckqrnfpum;onf edrwf 2-ckudk cGjJ cm;aMumif; d d d d dk h d pum;aywnf;/ O*[edrwf onf azmufjyefaom tqif;Sonf tkyq;onf aMumufz,f ykyef;Sonf jzpf d d f dk G H d 184 xifay:\/ y#dbm*edrwonfum; tvkwi; pm;NyD;vQif avsmif;aeaom qlzd;onfh uk,t*FgBuD;i,fdS d f d dS dk f d f aom a,musm;uJoYdk xifay:\? xka,m*Drm y#dbm*edrwudk &onfEihf wydieufyifvQif tjyify umrtmkwYdk f h d S d f S f H ukd ESv;roGi;jcif;aMumifh a0;uGmonfh tvktm;jzifh umrpEuif;aysmuf\ / aoG;uky,fjcif; aoG;uif;jcif;aMumifh Hk f d d jynfvnf; uif;ouJoYdk xka,m*Drm ESpoufcspcifwwfaom umrpEuy,fjcif; umrpE \ uif;jcif;aMumifh h d S f f dk yifvQif Asmyg'-a'govnf; uif;\/ xkYd twl jyif;pGm tm;xkwaom 0D&,Sjd cif;aMumifh xki;rIi; ysif;&drI xderd' f d d f d f uif; \? ESv;omTijf cif;ukd ywwfaom Nidr;at;csrf;ajrhaom (oDv yDwd y'd okc tpSaom) w&m;wkYd udk Hk f d rjywf,Oaponf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh ysHUvGir-O'p aemifwylyefr-ukuK puif;\? &NyD;aom Oypm&orm"d w&m; S f hf I I xl;\ rsuarSmuf jzpfjcif;aMumifh y#dywfudk a[maom q&mbk&m;if;? tusiy#dywfif;? y#dywf\ tusKd;if; f hf ,krm;rI-0dpupm uif;\/ okYd vsif ig;yg;aom eD0&PwkYd onf y,ftyfNyD; jzpfue\ (0g-uif; aysmufue\)/ H S d d k f k f xkYd jyif xky#dbm*edrwyifvQif pdwudk aS;Iwifay;jcif; vuPmSaom BuHpnfr-0dwufvnf; (xifm;jzpfay: d d f f d I S \)/ y#dbm*edrwudk tzefzef ok;oyfjcif; udpN yD;apaom qifjcifr-0dpm&vnf; (xifm; jzpfay:\)? &NyD;aom d f H I S orm"dw&m;xl;ukd &jcif; odjcif;aMumifh ESportm;&rI-yDwvnf; (xifm;jzpfay:\)? yDwEi,Oonfh pdwaom f d hf d S d S hf S f f dS oltm; Nidr;at;rI y'd jzpf;SaomaMumifh y'jd zpfNyD;vQif xky'vQif taMumif;Saom pdwcsrf;omrI f dk d d d d f okcvnf; (xifm;jzpfay:\ )? csr;omESihf jynfpaomoltm;pdw\ wnfMunfr-orm"d jzpf;SaomaMumifh S f h Hk f I dk d okcvQif taMumif;Saom tmkwckwnf; Sonf\ tjzpf-{u*wmvnf; (xifm;jzpfay:\)? okYd tm;jzifh d H d S ig;yg;aom psmeft*FgwkYd onf xifm;jzpfay:uke\/ qkconftwki; xka,m*Drm yXrpsmef\ ykwjl zpfaom S f d hJ h d f d S H Oypm&psmefonfvnf; xkd y#dbm*edrwxifaom cPyifvQif jzpfay:\/ rS aemuf yXrpsmefoYdk a&mufyEihf d f Hk S 0oDabmfoYdk a&mufywiatmif tvk;pkaom tpDt&ifudk yx0DuokP; qkcaom enf;jzifyifvQif odtyfayonf/ Hk dk f H H d f d hJ h
(O'Krmwuur|mef;IykH NyD;\/)
12
0deDvu paom ur|mef;IykH

118/ xkrwyg; rSaemufjzpfueaom 0devutpSaom ur|mef;wkYd vnf; ]]O'Krmwu tokb edrwf d S k f D d d ukd ,lvaom a,m*Donf wyg;wnf; tazmfrygyJom;\? rarhravsmhxifaom owdvsuf}} okYd tpSaom dk G dS d enf;jzifh oGm;jcif;uktpy (O'Krmwu ur|mef;Iyt&m)qkcaom edrw,jl cif;\ vuPmtvk;pkudk ]]0devu d Hk d hJ d f H H D tokbedrwudk ,lvaom a,m*Donf 0dyAutokbedrwudk ,lvaom a,m*Donf}} okYd ponfjzifh xkxdk d f dk k d f dk d tokb\ tpGr;tm;jzifh xkx0evupaom ur|mef; O'Krmwu [laomyk'rQudk ajymif;vJ qkcaomenf;jzifh f d dk d D f d hJ yifvQif tqk;tjzwfEiwuG t"dyg,fudk odtyf\/ H S hf ,ckqrnhf pum;rSmrl txl;aywnf;/ 0devuur|mef; ]]yuwdtqif;ysufvsuf krnf;aompufqyf dk D d k zG,f olaoaumif yuwdtqif;ysufvsuf krnf;aom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf d k f G Hk f \/ xkYd jyif 0devuur|mef; O*[edrwonf ajymufusm; aMumifusm;tqif;Sonfjzpfxif\/ y#dbm* D d f d edrwonfum; (eD jzL ndK tqif;wkYd wi) rsm;aom tqif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh xif\/ d f G f f 0dyAuur|mef; ]]jynfwpkpdk ,kxuaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif jynfwpkpdk ,kxuaeaom k d d G f k f G d d G f pufqyz,f olaoaumif}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ xkYd jyif 0dyAuur|mef; O*[edrwonf k f G Hk f k d f woGioif jynf,aeouJoYdk xif\/ y#dbm*edrwonf rvIyr,Suf Nidroufonfjzpfxif\/ f G dk h d f f f ESpyi;jywfaeaom olaoaumifudk ppfajrjyifaomfif;? ck;ol'jrwkYd aomif;usef;x<uae&m awm185 f dk f d tkyaomfif;? rif;wkYd u ck;olwYdk udk owfjzwfap&m okomefaomfif;? xkYd jyif awmt&yf0,f jcaoFh usm;wkYd u f d vludk ukujf zwfxm;&m t&yfaomfif; &Ekiay\/ xkYd aMumifh xdoYdk&Eki&mXmeokYd oGm;NyD;vQif (olaoaumif\ d d f k d f tyki;rsm;onf) txl;xl;aomae&m usa&mufaeapumrl wBudrwnf; qifjcifjcif;jzifh tu,f (waygif;wnf;) d f f xifay:jim;tH?h okYd xifay:ygrl aumif;vSay\/ tu,f rxifay:ygrl (wae&mwnf; pkaygif;tyf\? okYd aomf) rdr\ vufjzifh rok;oyf rukiw,tyfay? ok;oyfuiw,vQif (olaoaumifEi) tuRrf;0ifjcif;okYd d H d f G f H dk f G f S hf a&muf\/ xkYd aMumifh tm&mrfapmifh 'umukjd zpfap? &[ef;avmufonfh omraPBuD;ukjd zpfap? tjcm;wpkH dS wa,mufujdk zpfap wae&mwnf; pkaygif;aptyf\/ (cki;p&m tm&mrfapmifh ponfu) r&ygrl (uk,wiyif) d f dk d f dk f awmifa0S;jzifaomfif;? 'kwjf zifaomfif; vufwopfjcm; jzpfatmif uyfaptyf\/ okYd uyfapNyD;vQif ]]ESpyi; h h f dk f jywfaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif ESpyi; jywfaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfap k f G f dk f k f G Hk f tyf\/ xk0p'uur|mef; O*[edrwonf tv,f jywfaeouJoYdk xif\/ y#dbm*edrwonfum; (tjywf d d d d f h d f rSy) tvk;pkjH ynfvsuf (wqufwnf; jzpfvsuf) xif\/ d J H h 0dum,dwuur|mef; ]](acG; ajracG; ponfwYdku) trsK;rsKd ;aom tjcif;t&mjzifh cJpm;xm;aom pufqyf d k zG,f olaoaumif trsK;rsK;aom tjcif;t&mjzifh cJpm;xm;aom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpf d d k f G Hk f aptyf\/ xkYd jyif 0dum,dwuur|mef; O*[edrwonf xkxdk t&yf cJpm;xm;onfEihf wlpmomvQif d f d S G xif\/ y#dbm*edrwonf (cJpm;&mrSy) tvk;pkH jynfvsufomvQif xif\/ d f d J H h taxGaxGaom t&yfoYdk pGeYf ypfxm;tyfaom olaoaumifuvnf; 0dp'uur|mef; qkcaomenf;jzifh dk d d hJ yifvQif vufwopfjcm; vufwopfjcm; yapaomfif;? uk,wif yaomfif; ]](acG; ajracG; ponfwYdk u cJpm;) d f dk xkxdk t&yf pGeYf ypf xm;aom pufqyz,f olaoaumif xkxt&yf pGeYf ypfxm;aom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}} d k f G d dk k f G [k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ 0duwuur|mef; O*[edrwonf xifm;aom tMum;Svsufxif\/ Hk f d d f S d y#dbm*edrwonfum; tvk;pkjH ynfvsuomvQif xif\/ d f H h f owfNyD;vQif xkxt&yf ypfcsxm;tyfaom olaoaumifuvnf; 0dp'uur|mef; jyqktyfNyD;cJaom d dk dk d d h tjym;Sueaom t&yfwYdk omvQif &Eki\/ xkYd aMumifh xk&Eki&mt&yfoYdk oGm;NyD;vQif qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif d k f d f d d f d h vufwopf vufwopfjcm;onf ukd yapaomfif;? uk,wif yaomfif; ]]owfNyD; xkxt&yf ypfcsxm;tyf d f dk d dk aom pufqyz,f olaoaumif owfNyD; xkxt&yf ypfcsxm;tyfaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}}[k ESv;oGi; k f G d dk k f G Hk f jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ xkYd jyif [w0duwuur|mef; O*[edrwonf xifm;aom ckwxpf&m trm0SouJoYdk d d f S f d h jzpf\/ y#dbm*edrwonf tvk;pkH jynfvsufomvQif xif\/ d f H h
13
aoG;,kaeaom olaoaumifudk ppfajrjyif ponfwYdk vufeuf'Pf&mukd &aomolwYdk \ tjzwfc&aom d H vufajcponf wkYd aomfif;? aygufNyJaom xGuti;em tzktvk;temponfwYdk \aomfif; 'Pf&mt0 trmt0rS f dk f H aoG;,kaeaom umv &Eki\/ xkYd aMumifh xkoYdk aom olaoaumifudk Munf ]]aoG;,kxuaeaom olao d d f d h I d G f aumif aoG; ,kxuaeaom olaoaumif}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ avm[dwuur|mef; O*[ d G f Hk f edrwonf avwkucwftyfaom wrf;cGeeuoYdk vIyaom tjcif;t&mSvsuf xif\/ y#dbm*edrwonfum; d f d f f D hJ f d d f rvIyr,Suf jidroufvsuf xif\/ f f ykV0u tokbonf (aoNyD;aemuf) ESp&uf ok;&ufveaomtcg uk;ckaom trm0wkYd rS yk;avmuftpk f H G f d d ,kxuf aomumv jzpf\/ wenf;aomfum; xkyV0utokbonf acG; ajracG; vl EGm; uRJ qif jrif; pyg;BuD; d G d k a>rponfwYdk\ uk,yrmPSonfomvQifjzpf oav;xrif;tpkuoYdk 186wnf\/ xkd (acG;aumifyyponfwYdk ) d f d hJ k f wGif wpkwckaom taumifyy ]]yk;avmufjynfaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif yk;avmufjynfaeaom pufqyf H k f d h k f G d h k zG,f olaoaumif}}[k ESv;oGi; jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ wpkwckaom olaoaumif Iaumif;onf rSeay\/ Hk f H f plVyd@ygwduwdrax&ftm; umV'DCqnfuef twGi;rSm qifaoaumifyy edrwxifb;avNyD/ ykV0u f k f d f l ur|mef; O*[edrwonfum; vIym;aeouJoYdk xif\/ y#dnm*edrwonf oav;xrif;tpkuoYdk rvIyr,Suf d f f S h d f hJ f Nidroufvsuxif\/ f f t|dutokbukd ]]okomef pGeYf ypfxm;tyfaom tom;taoG;Svsuf taMumwkYd jzifh zGUJ pyfxm;tyfaom d tkd;quf tkd;pk olaoaumifudk awGUjrif&mouJoYdk }}tpSaom enf;jzifh trsKd;rsKd;aom tjym;tm;jzifh a[mawmfrl h d (tyf) ayonf/ xkt|du tokb tk;pk olaoaumif ypfcsxm;&m t&yfoYdk aS; jyqkcaom enf;jzifyifvQif d d d hJ h oGm; ywf0ef;usifausmuf ponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh edrwEiwuG tmkEiwuGyNyD;vQif ]]uk,aumifonf f d f S hf H S hf d f pufqyz,f tk;pkaywnf;}}[k rdr\ oabm&if;jzpfaom vuPmtm;jzifh rSwom;NyD;vQif tqif;ponfwYdk \ k f G d d f tpGr;tm;jzifh wq,fwyg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh edrwudk rSw,tyf\/ f h d f f l 119/ xl;onfudk jyqkO;tH?h xkd tk;pkudk tqif;tm;jzifh jzLonf[k Iaomoltm; (tokboabmtm;jzif) d D d h rxif? Mo'gwuokP;ESihf a&m,hu\/ xkYd aMumifh tk;pk pufqyz,oaoaumif[k pufqyz,\ tpGr;tm; d f Sh f d k f G f l k f G f f jzifomvQif Munftyf \/ vdif-toGi[onfrm t&m vuf ponfwYdk \ trnfaywnf;/ xkYd aMumifh vuf h h I f l S ajc acgif; &if vuf; wifyg; aygif ajcovk;wkYd tvkd vdi-toGitm;jzifh yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\/ xkdYjyif tSnf Hk H f f d f f twkd tvk; av;ajrmifh ti,f tBuD;wkYd tvkd ykoPmeftm;jzifh yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\/ t&yfEihf wnf&mwkYd onf H H d f f S qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;twki;yif/ xkxdk tk;\ tpGef tqk;tvkd tm;jzifh tyki;tjcm;t& rSwom;NyD;vQif xktk;wkYd d d f d d H d f f d d wGif xifm;ay:aom tk;ukd (edrwtjzpfjzif) ,l tyemokYd a&mufaptyf\/ xkdYjyif xkdxkd tkd;\ csKi&m S d d f h d hf armuf&mXmewkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh tedrhf tcsKditm;jzifif;? tjrifh tarmuftm;jzifif; yki;jcm;rSwom; tyf\/ f hf h h d f f wnf&mt&yf\ tpGr;tm;jzifvnf; ]]igu tedr wnfonf? tk;u tjrif wnfonf? igu tjrif wnfonf? f h hf d fh h tk;u tedr wnfonf}}[k okYd vnf; yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\/ xkrwyg; (ESpc) ESpcaom tk;wkYd \ qufpyf d hf d f f d S f k f k d &m qufpyf&m XmewkYd tvkd tquftpyftm;jzifh yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\/ tkd;wkdY\omvQif tMum;\tpGr;tm;jzifh d f f f tMum;t&yftm;jzifh yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ xkrwyg; tk;tm;vk;yifvQif Pfudk oGm;ap-usupm;ap (0gd f f d S d H f apvTw) Xme tk; (wnfaeonf)[k ywf0ef;usiftm;jzifh yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ okYd yki;jcm;rSwf f d d f f d f om;aomfvnf; edrwrxifao;vQif ezl;k; pdwudk aumif;pGm xm;tyf\/ d f d f 120/ t|dutokbuJoYdk yif rS aS;jzpfaom ykV0utokb ponfwYdk vnf; ,SOoifh ,SOxuf h f f dk onf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh wq,fwyg;tjym;tm;jzifh edrw,yudk rSwtyf\/ qufO;tH?h t|duur|mef;onf f h d f l Hk f D wuk,v;aom tk;pk vnf; jynfpEiay\? td;wacsmif;wnf;vnf; jynfpEiay\/ xdYk aMumifh xktk;pkEihf d f Hk d h Hk dk f k h Hk dk f d d S tk;wacsmif;wkYd wif wckcaom t|du tokb wq,fwyg;tjym;tm;jzifh edrwudk rSw,Nl yD;vQif ]]pufqyz,f d G k h d f f k f G tkd;pk (pufqyz,tk;) 187 pufqyz,tk;pk (pufqyz,tk;)}}[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ t|d k f G f d k f G f d k f G f d Hk f uur|mef; O*[edrwEihf y#dbm*edrwonf wxyfwnf; wlonfom[l (aS;t|uxm) qk\? xkpum; d f S d f d d onf tk;wacsmif;wnf; oifavsmf\? tk;pkrlum; O*[edrwxifay:aom tMum;Sjd cif;? y#dbm*edrw d h d d f d f tvk;pkjH ynfaejcif;onf oifavsm\? onfrQomruao; tk;wacsmif;wnf;aomfvnf; O*[edrwonf tkyf H h h f d d f qk; aMumufz,aumif;onfjzpf&m\? y#dbm*edrwonf Oypm&orm"dudk aqmifay;wwf jzpfapwwfaom d G f d f aMumifh yDwaomre-0rf;ajrmufivef;jcif;ukd jzpfapwwfonf jzpf&m\/ d T f
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121/ qkcaomtokbq,fyg;wkYd wif trSwrSwyg;yg;aom tokb psmefudk &NyD;aomyk*Kd vfonf d hJ G f d wyfrufr-&m*ukd (ajzmifajzmifh qefYusibufjzpfaom tokbbm0emjzif) aumif;pGm cGgNyD;jzpfaomaMumifh &m* I h f h uif;aom &[EmuJoYdk yif vQyfay: rufarmaom trlt&muif;vsuf Say\/ xkoYdk tokbwki;&aom psmefjzifh h d d d f vQyfay:rufarmaom trlt&muif;ykcsif; wljim;aomfvnf; q,fyg;aom tokbtjym;ukd cGjJ cm; a[mxm;onfrm H S ud,aumif\ olY oabmokYd a&mufjcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; &m* xlajymaom yk*Kd vf tjym;\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; k f f h f h (a[mxm;jcif;jzpfonf)[k odtyf\/ csJUjy&vQif olaoaumif\uk,onf pufqyz,tjzpfoYdk a&mufvwfaomf d f k f G f O'Krmwu\ (zl;zl;a&mifjcif;[laom) oabmokYd a&mufonfrvnf; jzpf&m\? 0devu ponfwYdkwif (yuwd l D G tqif;ysuvsuf krnf;aejcif; paom) wyg;yg;aom oabmokYd a&mufonfrvnf; (jzpf&m\)? ykH enf;jzifh f d l &oifh &xkuorQ (jzpfoifh jzpfxuorQ) aom vlaoaumif\ uk, ]](O'Krmwuy#duLvH)-zl;zl;a&mifvsuf d f dk f d f pufqyz,f olaoaumif? 0devuy#duLvH-yuwd tqif;ysufvsuf Kdrnf;aeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}} k f G D k f G [l okYd (ponfjzif) edrwudk ,ltyfonfom? xkYd aMumifh uk,aumif\ (zl;zl;a&mifjcif; tpSaom) olY oD;oefY h d f d f d oabmokYd a&mufjcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh q,fyg;cGjJ cm;vsuf tokbtjym;ukd a[mawmfronf[k odtyfayonf/ f l 188 xkrwyg; tokbq,fyg;wkYd wif zl;zl;a&mifaom olaoaumifonf uk,oPmef\ azmufjyef d S G d f ysufp;jcif;ukd jyjcif;aMumifh kyyoPmef wyfrufr-&m*tm;BuD;aom oltm; txl;tm;jzifh oifavsmfay\/ D f Hk I h yuwd tqif;ysufvsuf Kdrnf;aom tqif;Sonfh olaoaumifonf (vSywifw,faom) ta&tqif; taoG; d h ta&mif\ azmufjyefysup;jcif;ukd jyjcif;aMumifh uk,tqif; wyfrufr-&m*tm;BuD;aomoltm; (txl;tm;jzif) f D d f I h oifavsmay\/ jynfwpkpdk ,kxuaeaom olao aumifonf trmozG,f uk,Eipyfqiaom teHUqk;Sjd cif;ukd h f d d G f d f S hf dk f d jyjcif;aMumifh yef;eYomponf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh uk,jzpfay:ap tyfaom teHY wyfrufr-&m*tm;BuD;aomoltm; H f d f I (txl;tm;jzif) oifavsmfay\/ cg;v,f jywfaeaom (0dp'u) olaoaumifonf twGi; tacgif;Sonf\ h h d f d tjzpfudk jyjcif;aMumifh uk,rmwvk;wcJwnf;tjzpf wyfrufr-&m*tm;BuD;aomoltm; (txl;tm;jzif) oifavsmf d f S H I h h ay\/ trsKd;rsKd;aomtjcif;t&mjzifh cJpm;xm;aom olaoaumifonf jynfpjHk ynf0aom tom;pk tom;pki\ h h d f ysufp;jcif;ukd jyjcif;aMumifh om;jrwfpaom uk,tpdwtyki;wkYd (pkYH pUHk rkYd rYdk ESpvYdk pvd tdtpufpuf acsmnufonf D d f f d f f d [k trSwf yonf) tom;pk tom;pki wyfrufr-&m* tm;BuD;aomoltm; (txl;tm;jzif) oifavsmfay\/ xkdxkd h d f I h h
15
t&yftaxGaxG pGeYf ypfxm;tyfaom (0duwu) olaoaumifonf vufajcpaom t*FgBuD;i,fwYdk \ zkdz&J d jyefYBuJaejcif;ukd jyjcif;aMumifh t*FgBuD;i,fwYdk\ wifw,f pHy,fjcif; wyfrufr-&m*tm;BuD;aomoltm; (txl; h I tm;jzif) oifavsmay\/ owf xkxt&yf pGeYf ypfxm;tyfaom ([w0duwu) olaoaumifonf wpyfwnf; h h f d dk d waygif;wnf; jzpfaeaom uk,\ uGjJ ym;ysup;aom tjcif;t&mukd jyjcif;aMumifh uk,\wpyfwnf; waygif; d f f D d f wnf; jynfpjHk cif; wyfrufr-&m*tm;BuD;aom oltm; (txl;tm;jzif) oifavsmfay\/ aoG;,kd xGuaeaom h I h h f (avm[dwu) olaoaumifonf aoG;vl;ayvsuf pufqyz,tjzpfudk jyjcif;aMumifh tqifwefqmaMumifjh zpfaom k f G f wifw,fjcif; wyfrufr-&m*tm;BuD;aomoltm; (txl;tmjzif) oifavsmfay\/ ykd;avmufjynfaeaom olao h I h h h aumifonf ud,\ rsm;pGmaom yk;rsK;wkYd Eihf oufqijf cif;ukd jyjcif;aMumifh uk, ighOpm (igwOD;wnf;yki) tjzpf k f d d S dk d f d f jzifh wyfrufrI &m*tm;BuD;aomoltm; (txl;tm;jzif) oifavsmay\/ tkd;pk tokbaumifonf ukd,faumiftkd; h h f wkYd \ pufqyz,f tjzpfudk jyjcif;aMumifh oGm;\ jynfpjHk cif; (oGm;aumif;jcif;) wyfrufr-&m* tm;BuD;aomol k f G h I tm; (txl;tm;jzif) oifavsmfay\/ okYd &m*xlajymaom yk*Kd vf tjym;\ tpGr;tm;jzifvnf; q,fyg; cGjJ cm; h h f h vsuf tokbtjym;ukd a[mawmfronf[k odtyfayonf/ l tokbwkYd yXrpsmefrQuom &Ekijf cif;\ taMumif;um; xuf0ef;usif r&yfwefYaom a&Sonfjh yif tpD; dk d d oefaom a&,Ofvnf;Saom jrpf avSonf xk;0g;\ tm;pGr;jzifomvQif &yfwnfEi\? xk;0g;ESiuif; d d f h dk f d hf &yfwnfapjcif;iSg rpGr;EkiouJoYdk xkYd twlyifvQif tokbtmkH\ tm;enf;jcif;aMumifh pdwonf BuHpnfrI f d f h f 0dwuf\ tm;pGr;jzifomvQif wckwnf;aom tmkvsuf wnfwEi\? 0dwufEihf uif; wnfwapjcif;iSg f h H dS hH dk f S hH rpGr;Ekiay/ xkYd aMumifh q,fyg;vk;aom tokbur|mef; (0dwufaom) yXrpsmefonfomvQif jzpf\? f d f H dS (0dwuf uif;aom) 'kw,psmef ponfwYdk (um;) rjzpfue/ d k f tokbtmk yDwaomrejzpfjcif;\ taMumif;um; pufqyz,aumif;jim;aomfvnf; tokb H d k f G f tmk ]]tusifjh zifh tkjd cif; aojcif;rS {uefrcRwf vGw&ayawmhrnf}}[k okYd tusKd;tmedoifudk ajrmfjrifavh H f Sjd cif;aMumifif;? eD0&P [laom tyludk y,fjcif;aMumifif; 0rf;ajrmuf Tivef;jcif; yDwaomre jzpfay:ay\/ h h f d (Oyrm) yef;rIuoeac:bifusHK; orm;tm; ]],ckyif tcaMu;aiG rsm;pGmukd &ayvdrrnf}}[k tusKd;tmedoifudk d f G f hf ajrmfjrifaomaMumifh rpify (yDwaomre jzpfo)uJoYdkif;? temaMumifh qif;&J'ursm;pGm a&mufaeaom a&m*g Hk d h k onftm; (aq;aMumif) ysKYd tefjcif; 0rf;oufjcif; jzpf&m (yDwaomre jzpfo)uJoYdkif; aywnf;/ h d h 122/ csKH; jy&vQif tokbur|mef;onf q,fyg;tjym; Saomfvnf; vuPtm;jzifh wyg;wnf;om d jzpfayonf/ rSeay\? q,fyg;tjym; Sonfvnf;jzpfaom tokb\ rSwaMumif;vuPmonf rpifrMu,f f d f teHYq;vsuf pufqymzG,f aumif;onf\ tjzpfomvQif (jzpfayonf)/ xkqcaom tokbonf (pufqyf dk k f HG S d dk hJ k GmzG,f aumif;onf\ tjzpf[aom) vuPmjzifh oufouf olaoaumif\uk,omvQif (xifonf) H S l d f r[kwao;? pifppfrmrl apwd,awmifaeaom r[mwdrax&ftm; (oufre;r\) oGm;k;ukjd rifvQif (tokb f S dS d f d edrwxifo)uJoYdk if;? qif\ ausmufue;xuf wnfaom rif;ukMd unfpOf oHC&uwrax&f\ tvkyftauR; d f h k f h I d omraPtm; (tokbedrwf xifo)uJoYdk if;? 189 toufSifqJ vl\uk,vnf; (tokbedrw)xifayao;\? d h d f d f rSe\? aool\ uk,uoYdk yif SiqJ (vl\uk,)onfvnf; pufqymzG,f rwifw,faom tokbom f d f hJ f d f k f HG S h jzpfayonf? okYd aomfvnf; SiqjJ zpfaom uk, {nfonfjzpfaom (a&csKd;okwoif eHYomwif) wefqmqif f d f h f jcif;jzifh zk;uG,xm;aomaMumifh pufqyz,f rwifw,f[k rSwp&mtokbvuPmonf (vltrsm;pktm;) H f k f HG G h f rxifay:yJ Sayonf/ yuwd yifutm;jzifrum; uk,rnfonfrm ok;&mausmfaom tk;wkYd jzifh pkuaxmifxm; d dk h l d f S H d d f (tyf)ayonf? w&mYpq,faom tquftpyfwYdk jzifh qufpyfxm; (tyf)ayonf? uk;&maomtaMumwkYd jzifh zGUJ csnf S f d xm;(tyf) ayonf? uk;&maom om;wpfwYdkjzifh vdr;usrr;rHxm; (tyf)ayonf? pkaom ta&xljzifh ajr;,Suxm; d f H G f d f (tyf)ayonf? ta&yg;jzifh zk;tkyxm;tyfayonf? (arG;ni;ayguf tcd;taiGUayguf[aom) tao; trTm; tayguf H f f k l rsm; tESYtjym; S\? tqDxnhxm;aom ajrtk;ajrcGuuoYdk txufatmuf qlyuf ,kxuvsuf S\? yk;taygif; H d f d f hJ G d G f d d wkYd \ rS0&m ae&mjzpf\? tema&m*gwkYd \ pGuyf&mvnf;jzpf\? qif;&Jw&m;wkYd \ jzpfyg;&mvnf;jzpf\? tESYH tjym; D J J G aygufuaom tki;trmtkBd uD;uJoYdk uk;ckaom trm0wkYd rS tNrJrjywf ,kxuvsufSd\? (,kxuyrm) ,if;uk,\ JG d f h d d G f d G f Hk S d f ESpcaom rsufpaygufwYdk rS rsuf&nf rsufacs; ,kxu\? (ESpcaom) em;aygufwYdkrS ezmacs; ,kxu\? (ESpck f k d d G f f k d G f f aom) ESmacgif;aygufwYdk rS ESm&nf ESyacs; ,kxu\? cHwi;rS tpmopf onf;ajc ovdyf aoG;wkYd tefxuMf u\? f d G f G f G atmuf'Gg&wkYd rS usiBf uD; usii,fwYdk (,kxuMf u\)? uk;aomif;uk;axmifaom arG;ni;wGi;wkYd rS pufqyz,f f d G d d f f k f G acR;ap; acR;&nf ,kxu\? ,ifrrJi;paom taumifwYdk onf (,if;uk,u) 0ef;&Hvsuf em;ukef wnfue\/ d G f dk f d f dk k f ,if;uk,udk oGm;wkujf cif; rsufEmopfjcif; OD;acgif;ukd qDvr;jcif; a&csKd;jcif; cg;0wfu,Hk 0wfjHk cif; ponf d f d S d f dk f wkYd jzifh rokwoif ryjyifyJ rdarG;wki;om jzpfvsuf Murf;wrf;aomqHyifrsm; zkz&JBuJvsuf wGmrS wGmokYd f d f d
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vSnvnfom;vmaevQif jynfirif;onfif;? yef;rIuoe'e;p@m; ponfwYdk xu wa,mufa,mufonfif; hf G h S f d f G f G f J pufqyz,u,ycsif; wlnaeaomaMumifh xl;jcm;jcif; rSawmhay? okYd rpifrMu,f Gb,no; teHYq; k f G f dk f dS Hk D d H G f D dk dk Svsuf pufqyz,f aumif;Muonfcsnf;om jzpfaomaMumifh jynfirif;\ uk,aomfif; 'Ge;p@m;\ uk, d k f G h S f d f f d f aomfif; (t,kwtjrwf taumif;tqk;tm;jzif) xl;jcm;jcif;rnfonf rSawmhay&m/ okYd xl;jcm;jcif; rS&m f d h d d aomfvnf; oGm;wkujf cif; rsufEmopfjcif; ponfwYdk jzifh uk, oGm;acs; ponfwYdk udk okwoif trsKd;rsKd;aom d S d f f t0wftxnfwYdk jzifh zk;xm;oifaom Suz,u,t*Fgukd zk;vTr; taoG;ta&mif trsKd;rsKd;Saom tarT; tudif H h f G f dk f H f d eHYomjzifh vdr;usH yef;tqifwefqmwkYd jzifh qifjref;vsuf ]]ig igh[m}}[k rSw,tyfaom tajctaeokYd f f l a&mufatmif yvkyaeMuayonf? xkoYdkyMuojzifh {nfonftm*EK jzpfaom tqifwefqmu zk;uG,xm;aom f d h H f aMumifh uk,\[kwwi;rSeonfh olYyifuoabmjzpfaom xktokbvuPmukd rrSwEi-rodEiMf uaom d f f dk f f dk d f dk f kd aMumifh a,musm;wkYd onf rde;rwkYd if;? rde;rwkYd onfvnf; a,musm;wkYd if; arGUavsmEpouf wyfrufaeMuay f f f f f S f onf/ tppftrSef y&rwfoabmtm;jzifrum; uk,x wyfrufEpouf&ef oifavsmfaom t&mrnfonf h l d f J S f h tPkjrLrQaomfvnf; rSacs/ xkoYdk rSaomaMumifyifvQif qHyif tarG; vufonf; ajconf; oGm; wHawG; ESyf d d d h usifBuD; usifi,f ponfwYdk wif wckaom tzkYd tpkaomfvnf; uk,rS tjyifyokYd usoGm;vQif vlow0gwkYd onf G d f vufjzifh xd&efaomfvnf; tvkrSMd uawmhay? tESypufc&ovkyif rke;wD;Mu\? GHSmMu\? pufqyMf u\/ d d f H d f k okYd aomfvnf; uk,x usefaeorQ tzkYd tpkurl xkd (tjyifoYdk usoGm;aom tzkYd tpk) uJoYdk yif pufqyz,f d f J dS dk h k f G jzpfjim;aomfvnf; t0dZmarSmifu ajr;,Suz;uG,xm;aomaMumifh rdru, cspcsiaom &m*jzifh wyfrufMuvsuf f Hk f d dk f f f ]]vkcsifp&maumif;ayonf? ESpoufp&m yJ? NrJonf? csrf;omonf? twy}J }[k rSw,Ml u\/ xkd ow0gwkYd onf d f f okYd rSw,Ml uaomaMumifh awmxJaygufyifudk awGUjrif aygufyifrS (a<uusaom yef;ukd yef;[koaomfvnf;) f d ra<uusao;aom tyifxufdS yef;ukd ]]tyifxufdS t&monf om;wpfyif}}[k (xifrwumapmifajrmfvsu) S f h f yifyef;&aom ajracG;tkEihf wlnjD cif;okYd a&mufMu&avonf/ d S xkYd aMumifh 190 ajracG;onf awmxJ yef;yGiaeaom aygufyifudk awGUjrif ]]igonf tom;yifudk &ayNyD}}[k hf taqmwvsif ajy;oGm;NyD;vQif usvmwki; usvmwki;aom yef;ukd tvGerufarmvsu(0g-tavmwBuD;) ukucJ d f d f f f d f ]]t&mum; tom;r[kw?f opfyifxufSaom xkt&mum; tom;yifwnf;}}[k rSw,ouJoYdk d d f l h ynmSonf ]]uk,rusaom qHyifpaom tzkYd tpkuomvQif tokb}}[k xkajracG;uJoYdk rrSw,r d d f S dk d h f l l uk, wnfaeaom ,if;tzkYd tpkuvnf; (uk,rusaom) xktzkYd tpkuoYdk yif tokb[k rSw,&m\/ d f dS dk d f S d hJ f l xdoYdk ,loifjh cif;\ taMumif;um; (pufqyz,wYdkjzifh jynfaeaom) uk,udk wifw,fonf[k pG,Ml u k k f G f h d f h J xku, rufarmawGa0Muaom olruwYdk onf (uk,usKd;twGu)raumif;rIwYdk udk yMuaomaMumifh tyg,f d dk f dk f d f f qif;&J tpSaom 'kurS rvGwajrmufyJ SMd uavonf/ d f xkYd aMumifh ynmSonf toufiqrvnf;jzpfaom aoNyD;rlvnf;jzpfaom uk,aumifyy\ wifw,f d S f J l d f k f h onf\ tjzpfonfMuOftyfaom (0g-wifw,fjcif; uif;aom) pufqyz,f oabmukd I&m\/ h k f G rSeay\? atmufyg *gxmok;yk'pum;ukd (aS;q&mwkYd ) rdeYf xm;ayonff H f ]](ok;qJEpyg;aom tzkYd tpktaygif;jzpfaom) uk,onfeapmfna[mif; raumif;aom teHY\? (tzefzef H h S f d f H d dS aq;aMum okwoifaomfvnf;) rpifMu,f? acG;aumifyyf a>raumifyyEiw\? usiBf uD;wGi;ESi(vnf;) wl\/ f k k f S hf l f hf (okYd ponfjzif) ynmrsufpd jzpfNyD;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk u uJ&UJ Iwcs (tyf) \/ ynmrsupd rjzpfao;aom Amv h h f f yk*Kd vfwYdk u (rl) (,if;) uk,udk (arT;MudKifonf ponfjzifh xifrw) tvGeyif ESpoufjrwfE; (tyf) ay\/ d f S f f f dk toufSifqJ ukd,f\vnf; pufqyz,f oabmukd Ityfonfre\? atmufyg*gxm ok;yk'u+ (aS;q&m k f G S f H f dk wkYd ) rdeYf qxm;ayonfdk 'k*aEm tokpd uma,m? ukPayg Ouyarm/ l edEawm puKblaw[d? uma,m AmvmbdeEawm/ d d
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uma,m? (ok;qJEpyg;aom tzkYd tpktaygif;jzpfaom) uk,onf/ 'k*aEm? eHapmfna[mif; raumif;aom H h S f d f D teHYSd\? tokp?d (tzefzef aq;aMumokwoif yjyifaomfvnf;) rpifMu,facs/ ukPayg? acG;aumifyyf a>raumif f k ykyEiw\/ Ouyarm? usifBuD;wGi;ESivnf; wl\? (wd? okYd ponfjzif/) puKblaw[d? ynmrsupd jzpfNyD; f S hf l l f hf h f aom yk*Kd vfwYdk u/ edEawm? uJ&UJ Iwcs tyfaom/ uma,m? uk,u/ AmvmbdeEawm? ynmrsufpuif;aom d h f d f dk d d Amvyk*Kd vfwYdk u (arT;udionf ponfjzifh rSwxif) tvGeyif ESpoufjrwfE;tyfayonf/ f f f f dk tvpry#dpaEm? e0'Gga&m r[m0aPm/ orEawm y*&wd? tokpd ylw*Ea,m/ d d (aom? ynmrJol vltaygif;wkYd u tvGeEpouf jrwfE;aom xkd uk,onf/) tvpry#dpaEm? pkaom h f S f dk d f d ta&jzifh zk;vTr;vsuf\/ e0'Gga&m? xifm;aom taygufBuD; uk;ck\/ r[m0aPm? tayguftaygufSdonfh H f dS S d dS tki;trmBuD;ESihf wl\/ tokpd ylw*Ea,m? rpifrMu,f Gz,yyavSmif; raumif;aom teHYonfh usifBuD; d f d d H G f k f dS usifi,f ponfwYdk u/ orEawm? xuf0ef; usifr/ y*&wd? wzsifzsif ,kxwvsuf Sacs\/ dk S d k f d oap r um,? taEm Am[d&aum od,m/ '@H Ele *a[wGme? umau aomaP ed0g&a,/ r um,? ukd,f\/ taEm? twGi;om;onf/ Am[d&aum? tjyifyonf/ oap od,m? tu,f f jzpfjim;tH/ '@H *a[wGme? 'kwudk uki/ umau? usD;wkYd u/ aomaP? acG;wkYd u/ ed0g&a,? acsmufveYf h f d f dk dk S armif;ESium wm;jrpf&av&m\/ f xkYd aMumifh psmefr*fzvf w&m;xl;ukd &xkuonfh oabmSaom (0g-ynmSoabm Saom) &[ef;onf dk d f d d d Siqu,f jzpfap aoNyD;uk,jf zpfap tMuif tMuifu, tokb tjcif;t&monf xif\? xkxdk uk,yifvQif f J dk d dk f d d f tokbedrwudk ,l (y#dbm*edrwudk jzpfapum Oypm&psmefwnfvsuf xkd bm0emukd wk;wufap) tokb d f d f d ur|mef;ukd tyempsmefoYdk a&mufaptyf ayonf/ wGif w&yfNyD;\/
onfum; olawmfaumif;taygif;wkdY\ ESpfodrfh 0rf;ajrmuf jcif;iSg pD&iftyfaom 0dok'dr*fusrf;0,f orm"d bm0emt&m tokbur|mef;ukd tus,fjycsuf (tokbur|meeda'o) rnfaom ajcmufckajrmufjzpfaom tykdif;tcPf; aywnf;/ tokbur|mef;ukd tus,fjycsuf NyD;\/
0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyef ('kwwd,wGJ)
18
7qtEkwdea'otEkwd d 6-yg;ukd tus,jf ycsuf

tEkwd q,fyg;\ yk'fteufukd zGifhjycsuf
191 123/ tokbur|mef;\ tjcm;rJ tusOf;jycJNh yD;aom tEkwdq,fyg;wkYd wif (0gtEkwd h G q,fyg;wkYd tqk;tjzwfum;-) tzefwvJvJ jzpfjcif;aMumifh atmufarhrI trSw&rI owdonfyifvQif tEkwd H f rnf\/ wenf;um; jzpfapoifaom t&momvQif jzpfjcif;aMumifh ,kMH unf &[ef;yonfh o'gyAZwjzpfaom h d trsKd;aumif;om; tm;avsmfaomatmufarhrI trSw&rI owdonf tEkwdrnf\/ f (1) Ak'jrwfpmbk&m;ukd tmkH y jzpfaom tEkwd (tzefwvJvJ atmufarhr)onf Ak'gEkwd rnf\? G I (Ak'gEkwd[aom) trnfonf Ak'jrwfpmbk&m;\ *kPawmfwYdk udk tmkH yaom atmufarhrI trSw&rIowd\ l G f f trnfaywnf;/ (2) w&m;awmfudk tmkH yjzpfaom tEkwdonf "rmEkwdrnf\? trnfonf oGmumwwm (aumif;pGma[mtyfonf\tjzpf) tpSueaom w&m;\ *kPawmfwYdk udk tmkH yaom owd\ trnfaywnf;/ d k f f (3) oHCmawmfudk tmkH y jzpfaom tEkwdonf oHCmEkwd rnf\? trnfonf oky#yEwm d (aumif;pGm usionf\tjzpf) tpSueaom oHCm\ *kPawmfwYdk udk tmkH yaom owd\ trnf aywnf;/ hf d k f f (4) (rdr\) oDvukd tmkH yjzpfaom tEkwdonf oDvmEkwd rnf\? trnfonf rusKd;onf\ d tjzpf (0g-rusKd;jcif;) tpSueaom oDv\*kPwYdk udk tmkH yaom owd\ trnfaywnf;/ d k f f (5) (rdr\) pGeYf BuJay;vSLjcif;ukd tmkH y jzpfaom tEkwdonf pm*gEkwd rnf\? trnfonf d vGwvwf pGeYf BuJay;vSLjcif; tpSueaom pGeYf BuJay;vSLjcif;\ *kPwYdk udk tmkH yaom owd\ trnfaywnf;/ f G d k f f (6) ewfwYdk udk (oufao tjzpfjzif) tmkH yjzpfaom tEkwdonf a'0wmEkwd rnf\? trnf h onf ewfwYdk udk oufaot&m xm; rdr\ o'gtpSdaom *kPfwkdYukd tmkHyaom owd\ trnf aywnf;/ d (7) (rdr\) aojcif;ukd tmkH y jzpfaom tEkwdonf r&PmEkwd rnf\? trnfonf touf d ac:aom ZD0waÈ\ jywfpjJ cif;ukd tmkH yaom owd\ trnfaywnf;/ d d (8) qHyifponf tpdwtyki; (32)yg; tjym;Saom kyu,udk tmkH yjzpfaom owdonf? wenf;um; f d f d f dk f kyu,jzpfaom owdonf um,*wmowdrnf\? (o'genf;t&tm;jzif) um,*wowd[k qkoifaomfvnf; f dk f h d h (*wm tmuk) t& ryyJ um,*wmowd[k a[mxm;ayonf/ trnfonf qHyiftpSaom uk,\ d d d f tpdwf (aum|mo) edrwudk tmkH yaom owd\ trnfaywnf;/ d f (9) 0ifav xGuavwkYd udk tmkH yjzpfaom owdonf tmemygewd rnf\? trnfonf 0ifav f xGuavedrwudk tmkH yaom owd\ trnfaywnf;/ f d f (10) Nidr;jcif;ukd (0gocFg&tm;vk; Nidr;&medAmefu) tmkH yjzpfaom tEkwdonf OyormEkwd f H f dk rnf\? trnfonf qif;&Jtm;vk;\ Nidr;&medAmef (\ *kPwYdk )ukd tmkH yaom owd\ trnfaywnf;/ H f f
19
1-Ak'gEkwdyGg;ykH jyqkdcsuf
124/ q,fyg;aom tEkwdwYdk wif aS;OD;pGm (jyxm;aom) Ak'gEkwdudk yGg;apjcif;iSg tvkaom G d dS Pfjzifh ouf0if ,kMH unfonfh ta0pyom'ESihf jynfpaom a,m*Donf (t*Fgig;yg;ESihf jynfponf) oifavsmf h Hk h Hk h h aom ausmif; qdwNf idr&mokYd uyfa&mufvsuf tjyifytmkrsm;rS zJcgum (ur|mef;) aumif;pGm uyfNidonf f H G jzpf ]]wdyd aom b*0g t&[H ormorKa'g 0dZmp&PoraEm ok*awm avmu0d'l tEkw a&m 192 yk&o'rom&xd owm a'0rEkeH Aka'g b*0g}}[l d ygVdvmaomenf;jzifh bke;awmfBuD;aom Ak'jrwfpmbk&m;\ *kPawmfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhtyfuef f G f k \/ (tzefwvJvJ atmufarhtyfue\-[laom) xkpum;&yf ,ckjyqkrnfpum;onf tzefwvJvJ atmuf k f d d h arhqifjcifyenf;aywnf;Hk ]](trQ ok;q,faom yg&rDawmfwYdk udk jznfusifawmfrNl yD;vQif udavomtm;vk;ukd y,fzsufvsuf tjrwfq; H h h H Hk jzpfaom rSepmuk,wioonfh ormoarm"dPfoYdk a&mufawmfrojzifh wavmuvk; b*0gbke;awmfBuD;aom f G d f dk f d l H f bk&m;[k xifm;ausmapmawmfraom) xkd jrwfpmbk&m;onf okYd aom taMumif;aMumifvnf; t&[H rnfawmf S f l G h rlygayonf? okYd aom taMumif;aMumifvnf; ormorK'rnfawmfrygayonf/y/ okYd aom taMumif;aMumifh h l vnf; b*0grnfawmfrygayonf}}[k (a,m*Donf) tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjcif\ (0gtzef wvJvJ l atmufarhqifjciftyf\)/
t&[H*kPfawmftzGifh
125/ xk*Py'wYdk teufum;-a0;uGmaomaMumifif;? &efowYdkudk owfNyD;jzpfaomaMumifif;? axmuf d k f k f h l h tuefYwYdkudk zsuq;NyD;jzpfaomaMumifif;? ypn; ponfwYdkudk (cH,&ef) xkuwefaomaMumifif;? raumif;rIudk f D h f l d f h yjcif; (0gy&ef) qdwu,&m rSjd cif;aMumifif; taMumif;wkYd aMumifh bke;awmfBuD;aom xkjd rwfpmbk&m; f G f h f G onf t&[H rnfawmfrygayonf[k atmufarhqifjcif\ (0gatmufarhqifjciftyf\)/ csJU jy&vQifl xkjd rwfpmbk&m;onf (t&d,) r*fjzifh udavomwkYd udk 0goemESiwuG y,fzsuawmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifh G hf f tvk;pkaom udavomwkYd rS (tm&um) a0;uGmawmfray\? udavomwkYd rS tvGeYf tvGef a0;uGm&m wnfawmfray H H l l \? okYd (udavomwkYd r) a0;uGmawmfraomaMumifh t&[H rnfawmfrygay\/ S l l tMuif yk*Kd vfjrwfrm tMuifuavom tnpftaMu;ESiwuGrjzpf (0grvl;vnf; S d hf ruyfNid)? xky*Kd vfjrwfonf xkuavom tnpftaMu;rS a0;onfrnf\/ (igwkdY\) d k d d uk;uG,&m jrwfpmbk&m;onfvnf; udavomtnpftaMu;[laom tjypfa'gowkYd EiwuG d f G S hf rjzpfyJ a0;uGmawmfray\? xkYd aMumifh t&[H rnfawmfrayonf[k odtyfay\/ (1) l l 126/ xkYd jyif jrwfpmbk&m;onf xkd udavom[laom &efowYdkudk t&d,r*f[aom "m; vufeufjzifh G l l owfawmfr(tyfue)avNyD? okYd udavom&efowYdkudk owfawmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifvnf; t&[H rnfawmfryg l k f l h l ay\/ (igwkdY\) uk;uG,&m jrwfpmbk&m;onf &m*ponf[k qktyfueaom &efotm; d f G d k f l vk;wkYd udk (vnf;) t&d,r*fynmwnf; [laom "m;vufeufjzifh owfawmfrl (tyfue)avNyD? H k f xkoYdk udavom&efowYkdudk owfawmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifvnf; t&[HH rnfawmfrayonf[k d l h l odtyfay\/ (2) 127/ xkYd jyif tMuifoo&mpufb;onf t0dZmESiwPSmjzifh NyD;aom ykawmif;Sonf (jzpf) yknmbd H D hf H d ocFg& tyknmbdocFg& tmaeOmbdocFg&[laom axmuftuefY Sonf (jzpf) Z&mr&P[laom tuGyonf d f dS
20
(jzpf) tmo0\jzpfjcif;jzifh (0gtaMumif;tmo0jzif) NyD;aom 0if;jzifh xk;vQKdum (umrly tlyb0[laom) h dk d b0ok;yg; ,mOf&xm; aumif;pGm wyfqifxm;tyfonf (jzpf) tprSaomumvywfv; rjywfvnfvsuf\? H d Hk dS xkoo&m pufb;\ axmuftuefY tm;vk;wkYd udk jrwfpmbk&m;onf aAm"dr@dKif 0D&,wnf;[laom ajcwkYd d H D H G d jzifh oDvwnf;[laom ajrjyif (jynfpapaom tm;jzif) &yfwnfawmfrNl yD;vQif uHudk ukeapwwfaom r*fPf h Hk h f wnf;[laom ykqeudk o'gwnf;[laom vufjzifpuivsuf ckwjf zwf zsufq;awmfrl (tyfue) avNyD/ okYd d f h JG dk f D k f oHo&mpufb;\ axmuftuefYwYdkudk ckwjf zwf zsuq;awmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifvnf; t&[H rnfawmfrygay\/ D f D h l 128/ axmuftuefY zsufq;ykH wenf;aomfum;tqifqifh aSUokYd vu qifjcifvQif rodtyfrodEif D h dk f dk aumif;onfh tpSaomaMumifh (0gtpukd rodEiaumif;aomaMumif) terw*rnfaom oHo&m0#f t0ef;t0ki; d dk f h d f ukd oHo&mpufb;[k ac:onf/ t0dZmonf rlv&if;jzpfaomaMumifh xkoo&m pufb;\ ykawmif;rnf\? Z&m D d H D H r&Ponf tqk;jzpfaomaMumifh tuGyf (wul) rnf\? (if;wkYd r) <uif;ukeaom (ocFg&rS Zmwdusatmif) H S f q,fyg;aom w&m;wkYd onf t0dZmvQif taMumif;&if;rlv SaomaMumifif; Z&mr&PvQif tqk;SaomaMumifh d h H d if; axmuftuefYwYdk rnfue\/ (t0dZmonf ykawmif;rnf\tpSaom) xkpum;&yf (csUJ jy&vQi) 'kuork k f H d d f ', eda&m"r*wYdk rodjcif;onf (0grSm;,Gi;pGmodaom arm[onf) t0dZmaywnf;/ (rlvtaMumif;&if; jzpfyudk f Hk 1 qufjytH) umrb0 (rodrodrm;rI) t0dZmonf umrb0 ocFg&wkYd tm; aus;Zl;y\? lyb0 t0dZmonf h I S lyb0 ocFg&wkdYtm; aus;Zl;y\? tlyb0 193 t0dZmonf tlyb0 ocFg&wkdYtm; aus;Zl;y\/ umr b0 ocFg&wkYd onf umrb0 y#doaE0nmPftm; aus;Zl;yuke\? rSwyg;aom lyb0 tlyb0wkdY d f enf;wlyif/ umrb0 y#doaE0nmPfonf umrb0 emrfytm; aus;Zl;y\/ lyb0 xkdYtwlyif/ rlyb0 d k f emrftm;omvQif aus;Zl;y\/ umrb0 emrfyonf umrb0 6yg;aom tm,wetm; aus;Zl;y\? ly k f b0 emrfyonf lyb0 3yg;aom tm,wewkYd tm;aus;Zl;y\? tlyb0 emrfonf tlyb0 wyg; k f aom rem,wetm; aus;Zl;y\/ umrb0 6yg;aom tm,we onf umrb0 6yg; tjym;Saom ztm; d aus;Zl;y\/ lyb0 3yg;aom tm,wewkdYonf lyb0 3yg;aom zwkdYtm; aus;Zl;yuke\? tly f b0 wyg;aom tm,weonf tlyb0 wyg;aom raemortm; aus;Zl;y\/ umrb0 6yg;aom zwkYd onf umrb0 6yg;aom a0'emwkYd tm; aus;Zl;yuke\/ lyb0 3yg;aom zwkdYonf xkdlyb0 f yifvQif 3yg;ukeaom (a0'emwkYd tm;aus; Zl;yuke\)/ tlyb0 1yg;aom (raemoronf) xkdtlyb0 f f yifvQif wyg;aom a0'emtm; aus;Zl;y\/ umrb0 6yg;aom a0'emwkYd onf umrb0 6yg;aom wPSm taygif;wkdYtm; aus;Zl;yuke\? lyb0 3yg;aom a0'emwkYd onf xkyb0yifvQif 3yg;aom wPSmtaygif; f d l wkYd tm; aus;Zl;yuke\? tlyb0 wyg;aom a0'emonf tlyb0 wyg;aom wPSmtaygif;tm;aus;Zl;y\/ f xkxb0 xkxwPSmonf xkxOyg'geftm; aus;Zl;y\? Oyg'gefponfwYdk onfb0 ponfwYdk tm; aus;Zl;yukef d dk d dk d dk \/ tb,fokdYenf;[lrl avmu tcsKdYaomyk*Kd vfonf umr*kPwYdk udk ok;aqmifrnf[k BuH umrkyg'gef[aom taMumif; f H l aMumifh uk,jf zifh 'kpuudk yusif\? EIwjf zifh 'kpuudk yusif\? pdwjf zifh 'kpuudk yusif\? 'kpkduf\ jynfh d dk f h dk f h dk f h jcif;aMumifh tyg,fb jzpf\? xky*Kd vf\ xktyg,fb jzpfjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom ('kputukov) uH Hk d k d Hk dk f dk f onf urb0rnf\? uHaMumifjh zpfueaom cEmwkYd onf Oyywdb0rnf\? (,if;) cEmwkYd \ jzpfjcif;onf Zmwd k f rnf\? &ifjh cif;onf Z&mrnf\? ysujf cif;onf r&Prnf\/ tjcm;wyg;aom yk*Kd vfonf ewfjynfpnf;pdrudk cHpm;rnf[Bk uH xkYd twlyif (umrkyg'gef[aom taMumif; f l aMumifh uk,f EIwf pdwjf zif) okpkuf (tusifaumif;)ukd yusif\? okpkduf\ jynfjh cif;aMumifh ewfjynfjzpf\/ d h d h h xky*Kd vf\ xkewfjJ ynf jzpfjcif;\taMumif; jzpfaom (okpkuuov) uHonf urb0rnf\okYd ponfjzifh d k d d f k dk f qkcNhJ yD;aom xkenf;ukyif (0gxkenf;twki;yif) (odtyf\)/ d d d d d f tjcm;wyg;aom yk*Kd vfonfum; jA[mjh ynf pnf;pdrudk cHpm;rnf[Bk uH umrkyg'gef[aom taMumif; f l aMumifyifvQif arwmukd yGg;ap\? ukPmukd yGg;ap\? rk'wmukd yGg;ap\? Oayumukd yGg;ap\? bm0em\ jynhf h d jcif;aMumifh (xky*Kd vfonf) jA[mjh ynf jzpf\/ xky*Kd vf\ xkjd A[mjh ynf jzpfjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom (bm0em) d k d k uHonf urb0 rnf\-okYd ponfjzifh qkcNhJ yD;aom xkenf;ukyif (odtyf\)/ d d d 194 tjcm;wyg;aom yk*Kd vfonf tlyb0 (tlybk) pnf;pdrudk cHpm;rnf[k BuH xkYd twlyif (umrk H f yg'gef[aom taMumif;aMumifyif) tmumomeOm,we tpSaom tlyormywfwYdk udk jzpfapyGg;ap\? bm0em l h d \ jynfjh cif;aMumifh (xky*Kd vfonf) xkxtlybk jzpf\/ xky*Kd vf\ xktlybk jzpfjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom d k d dk H d k d H
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(bm0em) uHonf urb0rnf\? uHaMumifh jzpfueaom cEmwkYd onf Oyywdb0 rnf\? (xk) cEmw\ jzpfjcif; k f d onf Zmwdrnf\? &ifjh cif;onf Z&mrnf\? ysujf cif;onf r&Prnf\/ onfum; umrkyg'gef t&if;cHaom ,SOjf yjcif; aywnf;/ <uif;aom Oyg'gefo;yg; t&if;cH aom ,SOjf cif;wkYd vnf; enf; (twl) yif wnf;/ Hk qkconftwki; t0dZmonf taMumif;wnf;? ocFg&wkYd onf taMumif;aMumifjh zpfaom tusKd;wkYd d hJ h d f wnf;/ (t0dZmESihf ocFg&) 2yg;vk;wkYd onfvnf; taMumif;aMumifjh zpfaom tusKd;wkYd wnf;[l taMumif;ukd H odr;qnf;&m (0godr;qnf;aom) ynmonf w&m;wkYd \ wnfaMumif;ukoaom ("r|w) Pfrnf\/ twdwf f f d d d d t"GeYf ac: aS;b0umvvnf; .... tem*wft"GeYf ac: aemufb0 umvvnf; t0dZmonf taMumif;wnf;? ocFg&wkYd onf taMumif;aMumifjh zpfaom tusKd;wkYd wnf;? 2yg;vk;wkYd onfvnf; taMumif;aMumifh jzpfaom H tusKd;wkYd wnf;[l taMumif;ukd odr;qnf;&m ynmonf "r|wd Pfrnf\? okYd tpSaom enf;jzifyif f d d h (ocFg&wkYd u taMumif;? 0dnmPfu tusKd; ponfjzif) tvk;pkaom yk'wYdk udk csJUodtyfue\/ h H H f k f xkd oHo&mpufb; t0dZmESihf ocFg&wkYd u tvTm wck? 0dnmPf emrfyf oVm,we z a0'emwkYd u D k tvTmwck? wPSm Oyg'gef b0wkYd u tvTmwck? ZmwdEihf Z&mr&Pu tvTmwckaywnf;/ qufO;tH?h tvTm S D av;ckwYdk wif aS;jzpfaom tptvTmonf twdwf t"GeUf umv jzpfonf? tv,f 2vTmwkYd onf ypKyef t"GeYf umv G jzpfonf? Zmwd Z&mr&P ([laom tqk;tvTm)onf tem*wf t"GeUf umv jzpfonf/ H quf Si;jyOD;tH?h tvTmav;ckwYdk t0dZmESihf ocFg&wkYd udk (twdwtaMumif;vTm) ,ljcif;jzifh (wGJ f f bufrsm;jzpf ruif;Ekiaom) wPSm Oyg'gef b0wkYd udk (vnf;) ,ltyfNyD; omvQif jzpfue\? okdYjzpf ig;yg; d f k f aom w&m;wkYd onf twdwumvtwdwb0 (NyD;cJaom) ur0#f rnf\/ 0dnmPftpSdaom ig;yg;aom w&m; f f h wkYd onf ,ckb0 ypKyeumv (jzpfaeaom) 0dygu0#f rnf\ wPSm Oyg'gef b0wkYd udk (ypKyef taMumif;tvTm f ) ,ljcif;jzifh (wGbufrsm; jzpf ruif;Ekiaom) t0dZmESihf ocFg&wkYd udk (vnf;) ,ltyfNyD;omvQif jzpfue\? okYd J d f k f jzpf ig;yg;aom w&m;wkYd onf ,ckb0 ypKyeumv (jzpfaom) ur0#f rnf\/ ZmwdEihf Z&mr&PwkYd udk f S nTejf yjcif;jzifh (,if;ZmwdEihf Z&mr&PwkYd \ wnf&mjzpfueaom) 0dnmPfponfwYdkudk azmfjyjcif;udp NyD;aom S k f aMumifh (0dnmPf emrfyf oVm,we z a0'em[laom) ig;yg;aom w&m;wkYd onf aemifumv aemifb0 k (jzpfay:rnf) 0dygu0#f rnf\/ (okYd jzpf) ,if;tvTmav;ckwYdk onf tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh 20 tjym;Sd ukef\/ h xkYd jyif oHo&mpufb; ocFg&ESihf 0dnmPfwYdk \tMum; tpyfwck? a0'emESihf wPSmwkYd \tMum; D tpyfwck? b0ESihf ZmwdwYdk \ tMum; tpyfwck jzpfonf/ qkconftwki; tvTmav;ckEihf t"GeYf o;yg;Saom tjcif;t&m 20 ESihf tpyfo;ckaom oHo&mpuf d hJ h d f S Hk d Hk dS bD;[k ac:aom y#dporkyg'fudk jrwfpmbk&m;onf cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh odawmfr\ jrifawmfr\ G d f l l xifm;odawmfr\ xk;xGi; odjrifawmfr\? xkojd cif;onf odwwfonf[aom teufoabmaMumifh Pf S l d f l d l rnf\? tjym;tm;jzifh (xk;xGi;) odwwfonf[aom teufoabmaMumifh ynmrnf\? xkYd aMumifh ]]taMumif;ukd d f l odr;qnf;&m ynmonf "r|wPf rnf\}}[l qkdtyfayonf/ f d d "r|wPfjzifh jrwfpmbk&m;onf xkd t0dZm tpSaom w&m;wkYd udk [kwwi;rSepm odawmfrNl yD; d d G d f dk f f G vQif xkd t0dZm tpSaom w&m;wkYd NiD;aiGUawmfronf jzpf wyfrufuif;umvGwajrmufawmfrvsuf qkcNhJ yD; d l f l d aom tjym;Saom oHo&mpufb;\ (ocFg& tpSaom) axmuftuefYwYdk udk (Pfoefvsufjzif) ckwawmfrNl yD d D d h f jzwfawmfrNl yD zsuq;awmfrNl yD? qkcNhJ yD;onftwki;vnf; axmuftuefYwYdku ckwjf zwfzsuq;awmfrNl yD; jzpfaom f D d h d f f D aMumifh t&[H rnfawmfrygay\/ l ow0gtaygif;[laom avmu\ uk;uG,&m tppfjzpfawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;onf oHo&mpufb;\ d f l G D axmuftuefYwYdk udk t&[wr*f Pfoefvsufjzifh ckwjf zwf zsufq;awmfrl (tyfue) avNyD? xkYd aMumifh igwkYd D k f jrwfpmbk&m;ukd t&[H[k ac:qktyfayonf/ (3) G d 195 129/ xkYd jyif tjrwfq; tvSLcHy*Kd vfjrwfjzpfawmfraomaMumifh (jrwfpmbk&m;onf) ouFe; tp Hk k l G f Saom ypn;wkYd uif; ylaZmfjcif;txl;ukif; xkuwefawmfray\? xkoYdkxuwefaomaMumifyifvQif jrwfpmbk&m; d f dk d d f l d dk f h G yGixe;awmfraomtcg ta>ct&Hrsm;vsuf wefc;BuD;rm;aom ewfv[orQwkYd onf bk&m;rSwyg;aom t&mXme hf G f l dk l l yk*Kd vfwYdk ylaZmfjcif;ukd ryMuyJ Sayuke\/ xkpum; rSeuefaMumif; jy&vQi-o[rwjd A[mBuD;onf jrif;rk&f d f d f f d
22
awmifrQ yrmPSaom &wemyef;uk;BuD;jzifh jrwfpmbk&m;ukd ylaZmfcavNyD? tjcm;wyg;ukeaom odMum;rif;paom d H G hJ f ewfwYdk onfif;? Adrom&rif; aumovrif; tpSueaom vlwYdk onfif; tpGr;tm; Soavmuf ylaZmfcMhJ uavNyD/ d d k f f d xkYd jyif y&deAmefpveawmfrNl yD;aom jrwfpmbk&m;ukvnf; &nfp; 96uka#aom Opmukd pGeYf vLNyD;vQif taomu d H G f G d l S rif;jrwfonf ZrL'dywuRef;vk; Spaomif; av;axmifaom ausmif;wkYd udk wnfaqmufapcJavNyD/ (omrefewfvl f H f h wdYk u ytyfueaom) tjcm;ylaZmf txl;wkYd udk (xkuwefonf\ tjzpf) tb,frm qkz,awmh tHenf;? qkchJ k f d f S d G f dS h d onftwki; ypn;ponfwYdk udk xkuwefawmf rlaomaMumifvnf; t&[HH rnfawmfrygay\/ h d f f d f h l ow0g taygif;[laom avmu\ uk;uG,&m jzpfawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;onf d f l G av;yg;aom ypn;wkYd EiwuG ylaZmftxl;ukd (cH,&ef) xkuwefawmf rlygay\? xkYd aMumifh f S hf l d f avmu xkuwefonf[aom teufEiavsmfaom t&[H[aom trnfawmfudk ig;rm&f d f l S hf l atmifjrif bk&m;Sionf xkuwef awmfrvygay\ (0gxkdufwefonfhtwkdif;yif & ryg f d f l S awmf l ay\)/ (4) 131/ xkYd jyif avmu ynmSd r[kwygyJ rdru,udk ynmS[k xifrwMf uukeaom olruwYdk onf (ol f d dk f d S f dk f wyg; jrifMum;awGUod oGm;vQif) tausmftapmrJrnf*kPysufrnf pk;aomaMumifh qdwu,&m raumif;rIudk h f d f G f yvkyMf uukeouJoYdk igwkYd jrw pmbk&m;onf (raumif;rIyjcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaom udavomwkYd udk aAm"d f h f G r@dKifyif aumif;pGm y,ftyfcNhJ yD; jzpfaomaMumif) xkd olruwYdkuoYdk w&HwcgrQ yawmfrrl? okYd raumif;rIudk h dk f hJ yjcif; (0gy&ef) qdwu,&m rSjd cif;aMumifvnf; t&[H rnfawmfrygay \/ f G f h l (rsuarSmuf rsuu,f tcsi;cyfor; pifMu,fjcif;aMumif) wm'd*PEihf jynfpawmfrl f f G f d f h k f S h Hk aom jrwfpmbk&m;tm; raumif;rIwYdk (yvkyEiz,) qdwu,&mrnfonf rSay? qdwu,&m G f kd f G f f G f d f G f rSjd cif;[laom xktaMumif;aMumifh igwkYd jrwfpmbk&m;onf t&[H[ ausmfapmawmfrygay d G l l \/ (5) qkconftwki; cyfor;aom tjym;tm;jzifvnf;d hJ h d f d f h (1) udavomwkYd rS a0;uGmawmf rlaomaMumifif;? (2) udavom &efowYdkudk y,fowf h l awmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifif;? (3) oHo&mpufb;\ axmuftuefYwYdk udk zsufq;awmfrNl yD; jzpf h D D aomaMumifif;? (4) ypn;ponfwYdk udk xkuwefawmfraomaMumifif;? (5) qdwu,&m h f d f l h f G f raumif;rIwYdkuryjcif; raumif;rIudk y&ef qdwu,&m rSjd cif;aMumifif; (wavmuvk;\ dk f G f h H uk;uG,&mtppf jzpfawmfraom) xkd jrwfpmbk&m;ukd t&[H [l ac:qktyfygayonf/ d f l G d
(t&[H*kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\/) (2) ormorK' *kPfawmftzGifh

131/ xkrwyg; tvk;pkaom w&m;wkYd udk rSepmvnf;odawmfrl uk,wivnf; odawmfraomaMumifh orm d S H H f G d f dk f l orK' rnfawmfray\/ csJUjy&vQifjrwfpmbk&m;onf tvk;pkaom w&m;wkYd udk rSepmvnf; (odawmfray\) l G H H f G l uk,wivnf; odawmfray\? xl;aomPfjzifh odxuaom opmav;yg;[laom (tbdan,s) w&m;wkYd udk tbd d f dk f l dk f an,s(tjzpf)tm;jzifh odawmfravNyD? yki;jcm; odxuaom 'kuopm[laom (y&dan,s) w&m;wkYd udk y&dan,s l d f dk f tjzpftm;jzifh odawmfravNyD? y,fxuaom ork', opm[laom (y[mwA) w&m;wkYd udk y[mwAtjzpf tm;jzifh l dk f odawmfravNyD? rsuarSmufyxkuaom eda&m"opm[laom (opdumwA) w&m;wkYd udk opdumwAtjzpf tm;jzifh l f d f odawmfravNyD? yGg;apxkuaom r*opm[laom (bma0wA) w&m;wkYd udk bma0wAtjzpftm;jzifh odawmfravNyD/ l d f l xkYd aMumifyifvQif (jrwfpmbk&m;onf) atmufyg *gxmukd rdeYf qawmfrcayonf/ h G dk l hJ ]]aovykPm;? igonf xl;aomPfjzifh odxuonfudk xl;aomPfjzifh odcNhJ yD? dk f yGg;ap xkuonfuvnf; yGg;apcJNh yD? y,fxuonfuvnf; y,fcNhJ yD? xkYd aMumifh (igonf) Ak' d f dk dk f dk odobk&m;pifppf jzpfayonf/}} l
23
196 132/ wenf;aomfum;-puKyom'ac: rsufponf 'kuopmwnf;? xkrsufpudk taMumif;&if;tjzpf d d d jzifh jzpfapwwfaom aS;b0u wPSmonf ork',opmwnf;? (xk) opm2yg;wkYd \ rjzpfjcif; (rjzpf&m)onf d eda&m" opmwnf;? eda&m" (csKyfjcif;)ukd tjym;tm;jzifh odaom (r*ipyg;) tusifonf r*opmwnf;[k okYd f S f h puKpaom wyk'f wyk'udk xkwaomtm;jzifvnf; tvk;pkaom w&m;wkYd udk rSepmvnf; (odawmfray\)? uk,f f f h H H f G l d wkivnf; odawmfray\? em; ESm vQm uk,f pdwwYdk qkcaom enf; (twl)yifwnf;/ enf;jzifyifvQif d f l d f d hJ h lyg,we tpSdaom 6yg;aom tm,wewkdYukdif;? puK0dnmPf tpSaom 6yg;aom0dnmPf taygif;wkYd udk d if;? puKor tpSaom 6yg;aomzwkYd uif;? puKoraMumifjh zpfonfh a0'emtpSaom 6yg;aom d dk d a0'emwkYd uif;? lyonm tpSaom 6yg;aom onmwkYd uif;? lyoaOwemtpSaom 6yg;aom apwemwkYd dk d dk d ukif;? lywPSm tpSaom 6yg;aom wPSmwkYd uif;? ly0dwuftpSaom 6yg;aom 0dwufwYdk uif;? ly0dpm& d d dk d dk tpSaom 6yg;aom 0dpm&wkYd uif;? lyuEm tpSaom ig;yg;aom cEmwkYd uif;? 10yg;aom uokP; (psmef) d dk d dk d f wkYd uif;? 10yg;aom tEkwdwYdk uif; O'Krmwuonm ponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh 10yg;aom onmwkYd udk dk dk f if;? qHyif tpSaom 32yg;aom aum|mowkYd uif;? 12yg;aom tm,wewkYd ukif;? 18yg;aom "mwf d dk d wkYd uif;? umrb0 tpSaom 9yg;aom b0wkYd uif;? yXrpsmef tpSaom 4yg;aompsmefwYdk uif;? arwm dk d dk d dk bm0em tpSaom 4yg;aom tyrnmwkYd uif;? 4yg;aom tlyormywfwYdk uif;? tqk;rS jyefvmaom (y#dv) d dk dk H Hk tm;jzifh Z&mr&P tpSaom y#dporkyg'ft*FgwkYd uif;? tprS tpOftwki;oGm;aom (tEkv) tm;jzifh t0dZm tp d dk d f Hk Saom y#dporkyg'f t*FgwkYd uif; ,SOaptyfue\/ d dk f k f (,SOaptyfue\[laom) xkpum;&yf ,ck jyqkrnfpum;onf (aemufq;) wyk'udk ,SOapykaywnf;/ f k f d d h Hk f f H Z&mr&Ponf 'kuopmwnf;? Zmwdonf ork',opmwnf;? (xk)2yg;vk;wkYd \ xGuom;jcif; ukejf cif; (xGuf d H f G oGm;&m uke&m)onf eda&m"opmwnf;? eda&m"ukd tjym;tm;jzifh odaom (r*ipyg;) tusifonf r*opmwnf; f f S f h [k okYd wyk'f wyk'udk xkwaomtm;jzifh tvk;pkaom w&m;wkYd udk rSepmvnf; (odawmfray\) uk,wivnf; f f H H f G l d f dk f odawmfray\? (odoifonfw&m;tm;) avsmpm odawmfray\? xk;xGi; odawmfray\/ xkdYaMumifh ]]tvkH;pkH l h h f G l d f l aom w&m;wkYd udk rSepmvnf;od uk,wivnf; odawmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifh ormorK' rnfawmfray\}}[k (ig) f G d f dk f l qkcaywnf;/ d hJ
(ormorK' *kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\/) (3) 0dZmp&P orE *kPfawmftzGifh

133/ xkrwyg; 0dZmrnfaom Pfx;wkYd Eiif; p&Prnfaom tajccH tusifEiif; jynfpawmfraom d S l S hf h S hf h Hk l aMumifh 0dZmp&P orE rnfawmfray\/ xk0ZmESihf p&PwkYd wif 0dZm [lonfrm Pfx; ok;yg;wkYd onfvnf; l d d G S l H 0dZm rnf\? Pfx;Spyg;wkYd onfvnf; 0dZmrnf\/ (xkwi) ok;yg;aom 0dZmPfx;wkYd udk b,ab&0okw l f d G f H l f a[mxm;aom enf;jzifyifvQif odtyfue\/ Spyg;aom 0dZmPfx;wkYd udk tr|okw (a[mxm;aomenf;jzifh h k f f l f odtyfue\)/ xkd tr|okw 0dyemPf raemr,d'PfwYdk ESifhwuG tbdnmOf 6yg;wkdYukd odrf;,l Spfyg; k f f d aom 0dZmPfx;wkYd udk a[mxm;ayonf/ p&P[lonfrm (1) ygwdarmufov? (2) rsuppaom aÈwYdk l S D f d vkH cHaptyfaom wHcg;Sjd cif;? (3) pm;ok;zG,abmZOf twki;tSnudk odjcif;? (4) bm0emtvkyjf zifh Ek;Mum;jcif; H f d f f d ukd rjywftm;xkwjf cif;? (5-11) o'g [d&D Mowy Am[kop 0D&, owd ynm[laom olawmfaumif; w&m; (7) d yg;? (1215) lyg0p&psmef 4yg;[laom 15yg;aom w&m;wkdYukd (tajccH tusifhp&Pw&m;wkdY[l) odtyfue\/ rSeay\? jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfawmf (t&d,om0u)onf wqJig;yg;aom olawmfaumif; k f f G h h w&m;wkYd jzifh aojcif;uif;aom trdueAmeft&yfoYdk oGm;a&muf&\? okYd edAmefoYdk oGm;a&mufaMumif;jzpfaom f d aMumifh wqJig;yg;aom w&m;wkYd uyifvQif p&P[l qktyfue\/ pum;ESitnD a[mxm;aom okwf h dk d k f hf a'oemum;]]r[memrfrif;? omoemawmf bk&m;wynfawmf (t&d, om0u)onf oDvESijhf ynfpHk ay\}} okdY h h tpSaom tvk;pkudk rZdryPmo aocokw a[mxm;aom enf;jzifyifvQif odtyfayonf/ bke;awmfBuD;aom d H H f h f jrwfpmbk&m;onf ok;yg; Spyg;aom 0dZmPfx;wkYd Eivnf; jynfpawmfray\? wqJig;yg;aom tajccH G H f l S hf h Hk l h tusifp&PESivnf; jynfpawmfray\? xkYd aMumifh 0dZmp&PorE[k qktyfygayonf/ wGif pum;w&yfNyD; h hf h Hk l d \/
24
197 xkd 0dZmp&P orE*kPy' 0dZm Pfx;wkYd Eihf jynfpjHk cif;onf jrwfpmbk&m;\ tvk;pkudk f k f l S h G H H odaom (oAw) Pfawmfudk jynfapvsufwnf\? tajccHtusihf p&PESihf jynfpjHk cif;onf oem;jcif;BuD;pGm k h h r[mukPmawmf Sdonf\tjzpfudk (jynfapvsuf wnf\)/ xkjd rwfpmbk&m;onf tvk;pkudk odawmfraomaMumifh h G H H l (0g-oAw Pfawmfjzif) tvk;pkaom ow0gwkYd \ tusKd;pD;yGg;ESihf tusKd;rJudk odawmfrNl yD;vQif oem;jcif; k h H H h BuD;pGm r[mukawmfif jzpfawmfraomaMumifh (0gr[mukPm awmfjzif) tusKd;rJudk MuOfaSmifap tusKd;pD;yGg; S l h h ,SOapawmfray\/ xkoYdk ,SOapjcif;onf 0dZmp&PESihf jynfpaom oljrwf\ usif; usifpOfyif jzpfayonf/ f l d f h Hk h dk h xkoYdk tusKd;pD;yGg; ,SOapaomaMumifh jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfom0uwkYd onf aumif;jrwfaom tusifMdS uay d f G h h uke\? 0dZmp&PESihf rjynfpaom wdwq&mBuD;wkYd \ twEytpSdaom wynfom0uwkYd uoYdk raumif;aom f h Hk d h hJ tusifMdS uonf r[kwMf uay/ h
(0dZmp&P orE*kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\/) (4) ok*w*kPfawmftzGifh

134/ wifw,faomoGm;jcif; SawmfraomaMumifif;? aumif;aomt&yfoYdk oGm;awmfraomaMumifif;? h d l h l h aumif;pGmoGm;awmf rlaomaMumifif;? aumif;pGm>rufqawmfrwwfaomaMumifif; ok*w rnfawmfray\/ h dk l h l csJUjytH?h oGm;jcif;ukvnf; *w[k qktyf\? jrwfpmbk&m;\ xkom;jcif;onfvnf; xuf0ef;usif d d G d G pifMu,f oefYi;tjypfuif; wifw,fay\/ xkom;jcif;onf tb,fenf;[lr- (r*ipjf zm t&d,r*faywnf;/ S f h d G l f S rSeay\? xkd wifw,faom t&d,r*fwnf;[laom oGm;jzif;jzifh ab;rJ&mrSef edAmeft&yfoYdk (ok*wdaomfvnf;) f h h rNidrwG,yJ <uoGm;awmfray\? okYd wifw,faom <uoGm;jcif; SawmfraomaMumifh ok*w rnfawmfrygay\/ f l h d l l (1) xkYd jyif jrwfpmbk&m;onf aojcif;uif;&m trdueAmef[aom aumif;aomt&yfoYdk <uoGm;awmfray\? G f d l l okYd aumif;aom t&yfoYdk <uoGm;awmfraomaMumifh ok*wrnfawmfrygay\/ (2) l l xkYd jyif xkxdk r*fjzifh y,ftyfNyD;aom udavomrsm;okYd wzefrjyefawmhyJ aumif;pGmoGm;awmfray\/ rSeay d l f \? ]]aomwywr*fjzifh tMuifuavomwkYd udk y,fpeYf tyfueNf yD? xky,fNyD; udavomwkYd oYdk wzefrjyef wzefrvm d d G k d wzefra&muf? xkYd aMumifh ok*w rnf\/y/ t&[wr*fjzifh tMuifuavomwkYd udk y,ftyfueNf yD? xky,fNyD; d k d udavomwkYd udk wzefrjyef wzefrvm wzefra&muf? xkYd aMumifh ok*w rnf\}}[laom pum;ukd (r[meda'o) a[mxm; (tyf) ayonf/ wenf;um; ( jrwfpmbk&m;onf) 'DyuF&m bk&m;Si\ ajcawmf&if;rSp aAm"dr@dKif G f wkiatmif trQok;q,faom yg&rDawmfwYdk udk jznfusifjh cif;[laom aumif;jrwfaom tusify#dywfjzifh tvk;pkaom d f H h h H H avmu\ pD;yGg;csrf;omukomvQif yawmfronfjzpfif;? ow'd|Eihf Oap''d|d umrokcESihf twuvrx d l d S d [laom tzkYd tpGe; t,kww&m;wkYd oYdk ruyfa&mufonf jzpfif; aumif;pGm oGm;awmfray\? okYd (t&d, f f l r*fjzifif; aS;tzkYd ormy#dywfjzifif;) aumif;pGmoGm;awmfraomaMumifvnf; ok*w rnfawmfrygay\/ (3) h h l h l xkYd jyif jrwfpmbk&m;onf aumif;pGm >rufqawmfrwwfay\? oifavsmaomt&m oifavsmaom G dk l h f h f pum;ukomvQif >rufqawmfrwwfay\? okYd oifavsmaom pum;aumif;ukomvQif aumif;pGm >rufqawmfrl d dk l h f d dk wwfaomaMumifvnf; ok*w rnfawmfrygay\/ xkpum;&yf ,ckjyrnfh pum;onf om"uokwaywnf;/ h l d f jrwfpmbk&m;onf tMuifpum;ukd ]]r[kwf rrSef tusKd;rS}d }[k odawmfr\? ,if;pum;ukd olwyg;wkYd u G l vnf; rESpouf rjrwfE;? xkoYdkaom pum;ukd jrwfpmbk&m; rajymqkay (1)/ tMuifpum;ukvnf; ]][kw\ f dk d G d d f rSe\ tusKd;rS}d }[k jrwfpmbk&m;od\? ,if;pum;ukd olwyg;wkYd uvnf; rESpouf rjrwfE;? xkoYdkaom pum; f G f dk d ukvnf; jrwfpmbk&m; rajymqkay (2)/ tMuifpum;ukrl ]][kw\ rSe\ tusKd;Sd\}}[k jrwfpmbk&m;od\? ,if; d G d d f f G pum;ukd olwyg;wkYd url rESpouf rjrwfE;ay? xkoYdkaom pum;rl jrwfpmbk&m;onf xkpum;ukd ajymqk&ef f dk d G d d oifavsmaom tcgumvukd oday\ (3)/ jrwfpmbk&m;onf tMuifpum;ukd ]]r[kwf rrSef tusKd;rS}d }[k od\? h f G ,if;pum;ukd olwyg;wkYd url ESpouf\ jrwfE;\? xkoYdkaompum;ukd jrwfpmbk&m; rajymqkay (4)/ tMuif f dk d G d pum;ukvnf; ]][kw\ rSe\ tusKd;rS}d }[k jrwfpmbk&m;od\? ,if;pum;ukd olwyg;wkYd url ESpouf\ d f f G f jrwfE;\? xkoYdkaom pum;ukvnf; jrwfpmbk&m; rajymqkay (5)/ tMuifpum;ukrl ]][kw\ rSe\ tusKd;Sd\}} dk d d G d d f f
25
[k jrwfpmbk&m; od\? 198 ,if;pum;ukd olwyg;wkYd uvnf; ESpouf\ jrwfE;\? xkoYdkaom pum;rl jrwfpm G f dk d G bk&m;onf xkpum;ukd ajymqk&ef oifavsmfaom tcgumvukd oday\ (6)/}} (um; om"uokw) qkchJ d d h f d onftwki; aumif;pGm >rufqawmfrwwfaomaMumifvnf; ok * w rnfawmfrygay\[k odtyfayonf/ (4) h d f dk l h l
(ok*w*kPfawmfzGifh NyD;\/) (5) avmu0d'l *kPfawmftzGifh

135/ xkdrSwyg; cyfor;aom tjym;tm;jzifvnf; avmuukd odawmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifh avmu0d'l rnf d f h awmfrygay \/ csJUjytHh-avmu0d'l rnfaom xkjd rwfpmbk&m;onf ('ku[aom) oabm&if;tm;jzifif;? l G l h jzpfaMumif; ork',tm;jzifif;? csKyfjcif;csKyf&m eda&m"tm;jzifif;? eda&m"okYd a&mufaMumif;tm;jzifif; cyfor; h h h d f aom tjym;tm;jzifh avmuukd odawmfravNyD azmufxi; odjrifawmfravNyD/ tqkonf jrwfpmbk&m; l G f l d G a[mxm;aom atmufygpum;ESitnDyif jzpfonf/ hf ]]tcsif;a&m[dwewfom; tMuift&yf rjzpf rtkd rao rpkaw uyfa&muf rjzpf? avmu\tqkH; jzpfaom xkrjzpf rtkd rao&m t&yfudk ajcvsif oGm;jcif;jzifh odEionf awGUjrifEionf a&mufEionf[k ig d dk f dk f dk f ra[may? tcsi;a&m[dwewfom; avmu\ tqk;okYd ra&mufrvnf; qif;&J'u\ ukeq;jcif;ukd yjcif;ukd f H l k f Hk ig ra[may? tcsif;a&m[dwewfom; pifppfrmrl igonf trSwonmvnf;Sd todpwvnf;Saom wvHrQ S f d f d avmufaom uk,omvQif avmuukvnf; ynwfa[mMum;ay\? avmu\ jzpfaMumif;ukvnf; ynwf d f d d a[mMum;ay \? avmu\ csKyfjcif;csKyf&mukvnf; ynwfa[mMum;ay\? avu\ csKyfjcif;csKyf&mokYd a&muf d aMumif; tusifuvnf; ynwfa[mMum; ay\/ h dk ajcvsiom;jcif;jzifh avmu\ tqk;okYd w&HwcgrQ ra&mufEiacs? avmu\tqkH; f G H dk f okYd ra&mufvQifvnf; qif;&J'urS vGwajrmufjcif;rnfonf rSacs/ k f d xkYd aMumifh pifppf avmuukd odawmfrNl yD;aom aumif;onfh PfynmESihf jynfpawmf h Hk rlaom jrwfonfh tusifudk usifo;NyD;aom (0gusifo;NyD;aomaMumif) udavomwkYd udk Nidr; h h Hk h Hk h f apNyD;aom (0gNidr;apNyD;aomaMumif) (wzefb0topf jzpfz,f rSojzif) avmu\tqk;okYd f h G d h H a&mufawmfrl NyD;aom jrwfpmbk&m;onf avmu\ tqk;ukd odawmfrNl yD; (0godawmfraom G H l aMumif) avmuukif; wyg;aom avmuukif; rawmifwawmhay/ (um; om"u h d d h okw) f 136/ wenf;aomfum;avmuwkYd onf ocFg&avmuowavmu Moumoavmu[l ok;yg;tjym;Sd H uke\/ xkwif wyg;aom avmuum; tvk;pkaomow0gwkYd onf taMumif;tm[m&aMumifh wnfaejcif;yif f d G H H wnf;/ okYd ponfjzifvm&m ocFg&avmuukd odtyf\/ avmuonfNrJ\ [lif;? avmuonf rNrJ [lif; h r vm&m owavmuukd odtyf\/ tMuifrQavmufaom t&yf v aewkYd onf vSnvnfuef \? t&yfrsufEmwkYd udk hf k S wifw,fapukevsuf xGe;yuke\? xkrQavmuf us,jf yefYaom waxmif tjym;Saomavmu h f f f d d onf (Sd\)? waxmifrQaom pMu0Vmavmu oif jA[m\ (ow0gwkYd \ tajctaeukd odEiaom) tpGr;onf jzpfvsuf Say\dk f f d [l vmaomt&m Moumoavmuukd odtyf\/ xko;yg;aom avmuukvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;onf d Hk d G cyfor;aomtjym;tm;jzifh odawmfravNyD/ d f l odyudk csJUjytH-]]wyg;aom avmuum; tvk;pkaom ow0gwkYd onf taMumif;tm[m&aMumifh wnfae Hk h H H jcif;yifwnf;? 0gtaMumif; tm[m&aMumifh wnfaeMuaom tvk;pkueaom ow0gac:onfh ocFg&w&m;wkYd onf H H k f wyg;aom avmurnf\/ emrfESifhkyfonf 2yg;aom avmu wkYd aywnf;/ ok;yg;aom a0'emwkYd onf 3yg;aom H avmuwkYd aywnf;/ av;yg;aom tm[m&wkYd onf 4yg;aom 199 avmuwkYd aywnf;/ ig;yg;aom Oyg'geuEm wkYd onf 5yg;aom avmuwkYd aywnf;/ 6yg;aom twGi; tm,wewkYd onf 6yg;aom avmuwkYd aywnf;/ f
26
ckepfyg;aom 0dnmP|dwwYdk onf ckepfyg;aom avmuwkYd aywnf;/ Spyg;aom avmu"Hw&m;wkYd onfpyg;aom d f S f avmuwkYd aywnf;/ 9yg;aom owm0go wkYd onf 9yg;aom avmuwkYd aywnf;/ q,fyg;aom kytm,we f wkYd onf q,fyg;aom avmuwkYd aywnf;/ 12yg;aom tm,wewkYd onf 12yg;aom avmuwkYd aywnf;/ 18-yg; aom "mwfwYdk onf 18yg;aom avmuwkYd aywnf;}}[k (qktyfaom) ocFg&avmuukvnf; jrwfpmbk&m; d d G onf cyfor;aom tjym;tm;jzifh odawmfravNyD/ d f l xkYd jyif jrwfpmbk&m;onf ow0gtm;vk;wkYd \ (vnf;) tmo,ukd odawmfr\? tEko,ukd odawmf G H l rl\? pkdufukd odawmfr\? t"drwudk odawmfr\? ynmrsup udavom jrLenf;aom ow0gwkYd udk ynm l k d l f d rsup udavomjrLrsm;aom ow0gwkYd udk (odawmfr\)? aÈxufaom ow0gwkYd udk aÈEaom ow0g f d l k wkYd udk (odawmfr\)? aumif;aomtjcif;t&mSaom ow0gwkYd udk raumif;aom tjcif;t&mSaom ow0gwkYd ukd l d d (odawmfr\)? odem;vnfap&ef vG,ul aom ow0gwkYd udk odem;vnfap&ef cJ,Of;aom ow0gwkYd udk (odawmf l f rl\?) (w&m;xl;ukd od&ef) jzpfxuaom ow0gwkYd udk rjzpfxuaom ow0gwkYd udk odawmfr\/ xkoYdk odawmf dk f dk f l d rlaomaMumifh jrwfpmbk&m;onf ow0gtaygif;[laom owavmuukvnf; cyfor;aom tjym;tm;jzifh G d d f odawmfravNyD/ l 137/ owavmuukd odawmfrouJoYdk yif (ow0gwkYd \ wnfae&m) Moumoavmuukvnf; odawmfrl l h d avNyD/ csJUjy&vQif-wckaom pMu0Vmonf tvsm;tm;jzifif; teHtm;jzihif; ,lZemaygif; woef;ESpoe; h f f d f ok;axmifh av;&mh ig;q,f (1203450) Sd\/ ywfvnftm;jzifrum;H h l (pMu0Vmwck\) tvk;pkaom ywfvnft0ef;onf (,lZemaygif;) ok;oef; ajcmufoe; waomif; H H H d f ok;&mh ig;q,f (3610350)S\/ H d xkpMu0Vmd r[myx0DajrBuD;ukd txktm;jzifh (,lZem) ESpoe; av;aomif; (240000)[laom rQ f d f twkdif; tSnfSdonf [l qkdtyf\/ xkd r[myx0DajrBuD;\yifvQif atmufcwnf&mjzpfaomH a&onf txktm;jzifh (,lZem) av;ode; Spaomif; (480000)[laom rQ txkonfjzpf f f dS avxkay: wnfvsuf Savonf/ d xka&xk\ atmufcwnf&mjzpfaomd H avonfvnf; (,lZem) uk;ode; ajcmufaomif; (960000) wkiatmif tmusmo[if;vif;jyif d f d f xJ ouf0ifvsuf Sav\/ twkdif;tSnfonf (vlwkdY\ae&m) Moumoavmu\ wnfaeykH d wnf;/ qufjyOD;tH?h qkcNhJ yD;onftwki; aumif;pGm wnfaeaom ajrjyifavmud h d f 200 jrifr&awmifjrwfonf ,lZem Spaomif;av;axmif (84000) r[mork'&mxJ epfjrKyf h dk f f vsuf Sd\/ ,lZemaygif; xkrQavmuf (84000)yif txufaumif;uifoYdk jrifwufvsuf Say\/ d h d xkjd rifr&awmif\ yrmPatmuf tpOftwki; xuf0ufxuf0ufaom yrmPjzifh atmuf h dk f d f jrKyfvsuf txufoYdk wufvsuf Sueaom ewfwYdk \ae&m jzpfueaom trsKd;rsKd;aom &wem d k f k f wkYd jzifh qef;Mu,fueaomk f BuD;us,aom ,k*EKd &fawmif o"&awmif u&0duawmif ok'eawmif aerdE& f awmif 0dewuawmif tuPfawmif[lueaomk f
27
ckepfcaom awmifBuD;wkYd onf jrifr&awmif\ ywfvnft&yf (wnfue\)? ewf k h dk f dS k f rif;BuD;wkYd \ ae&mjzpfue\? ewfEihf bDv;wkYd rS0aexki&m jzpfMuayonf/ k f S l D J d f [dr0Emawmifonf ,lZemig;&mjrih\? tvsm;teHtm;jzifh ,lZemok;axmifus,fjyefY\/ f H Spaomif; av;axmifaom awmifxwwYdk jzifh wefqmqifxm;ouJoYdk Say\/ f G f h d e*roGm;wwf[laom trnfaom ZrKoajyyifonf yifpnf\ vk;ywftm;jzifh 15 dS H ,lZem Sd\? yifpnfEituki;tcufwYdk \ tvsm;tm;jzifh ,lZem ig;q,fp\? xuf0ef;usif S hf d f D dS ywfvnftm;jzifh ,lZem w&mus,jf yefY\? xkrQavmuf (,lZemw&m)yif jrifay\? ,if;oajy d h yif\ tpGr;aMumifh ZrK'Dy ZrL'dyuRef;[k xifm;ayonf/ f f S qufqkdOD;tHh-jyqkcaom ZrKoajyyif\ yrmPonfyifvQif tok&mewfwYdk \ pdMwyg#vdac:aom d hJ ocGwyif\if;? *VKefwYdk \ vufyyif\if;? ty&a*g,meac: taemufuRef; xdryif\if;? Ow&ukkac: f H f 2 ajrmufuRef; uyuac:ya'omyif\if; ? ykA0a'[ac: taSUuRef; ukuKd yif\if;? wm0wom ewfjynfwYdk k d yifv,fuopfyif\if; twki;tSnf jzpfayonf/ xkYd aMumifh aS;q&mwkYd ud f ]]ocGwyif vufyyif oajyyif ewfwYdk\ yifv,fuopfyif xdryif ya'omyif (yrmP f H f wlnaom 6yifonf) ukuKd yifjzifh ckepfcajrmufjzpfonf}}[k rdeYf qMdk uayonf/ D k pMu0Vmawmifonf r[mork'&m (,lZem) Spaomif;ESpaxmif oufqif; epfjrKyfvsuf f f Sd\? xkrQavmuf (Spaomif; ESpaxmif)yif a&rsufEmjyifrS txufoYdk jrifwufvsuf\? d f f S h dS pMu0Vm awmifonf qkcNhJ yD;aom tvk;pkaom avmu"mwfudk ywf0ef;usirS NcH&vsuf wnf\/ d H H f H xkavmu"mwf v0ef;onf 49,lZemS\? ae0ef;onf ,lZem 50S\? wm0womewfbonf,Zem d d d Hk l waomif;S\? xkYd twlyif tok&mewfbonfif;? t0Dpi&JBuD;onfif;? ZrL'dyuRef; (tdE,)onfif; ,lZem d Hk d f d waomif;pDyif S\/ ty&a*g,meuRef;onf ,lZem ckepfaxmif\/ 201 ykA0a'[uRef;onfxYdk twl ,lZem d dS d ckepfaxmif\/ Ow&ukkuRef;onf ,lZemSpfaxmif\/ uRef;BuD; 4ckwkdYwif wck wckaom uRe;BuD;onf dS Sd G f ig;&m ig;&maom uRef;i,f tNcHt&H\/ qkcNhJ yD;aom xktvk;pkonfvnf; wckaompMu0Vm wckaom avmu dS d d H H "mwf rnf\/ xkoYdk aom pMu0Vm ok;ckwYdk \tMum; avmuE&ui&JwYdk onf Sue\/ d H d f d k f qkconftwki; (wnfaeukeaom) tqk;tyki;tjcm;rSueaom teEpMu0Vm[kqkd tyfueaom d hJ h d f f H d f d k f k f teEavmu"mwfwYdk udk jrwfpmbk&m;onf tqk;tyki;tjcm;rSd odEiaomAk'Pfawmfjzifh odawmfravNyD G H d f dk f l azmufxi; jrifawmfravNyD/ qkconftwki; Moumoavmuukvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;onf cyfor;aom G f l d hJ h d f d G d f tjym;tm;jzifhodawmfravNyD/ okYd avmuok;yg;ukd odyt&tm;jzifvnf; cyfor;aomtjym;tm;jzifh avmuukd l H Hk h d f od awmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifh avmu0d'l rnfawmfrygay\/ l
(avmu0d'l *kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\/)
28
(6u) tEkw&*kPfawmftzGifh
138/ xkdrSwyg; rdrdxuf *kPwYdk jzifh omvGe xl;jrwfol wpkwa,mufrQ rSaomaMumifh jrwfpm f f H d G bk&m;xuf vGeujJ rifjh rwfaomolonf rSay? xkYd aMumifh tEkw& rnfawmfrygay\/ xkpum; rSeay\-jrwfpm f d l d f G bk&m;onf oDv*kPjf zifvnf; tvk;pkaom (ow0gtaygif;[laom) avmuukd vTr;rk;ausmfveay\? orm"d*Pf h H H f d G f k jzifhvnf; ........ ynm*kPfjzifhvnf; ........ 0drkwd*kPfjzifhvnf; ........ 0drkwdP 'e*kPfjzifhvnf; vTrf;rkd; ausmveay\? oDv*kPjf zifvnf; (wacwfwnf;) wlorSay? wlorSaom twdwf tem*wf bk&m;wkYd Eiom f G f h l d l d S hf wlawmfray\? ykwrSay wxyfwnf; wlorSay ydibufwol rSay/y/ 0drwP'e *kPjf zifvnf; l H l d l d f l d k d h (wacwfwnf;) wlorSay .... ydibufwol rSay? tqkonf jrwfpmbk&m; a[mxm;aom atmufygpum; l d f l d d G ESitnDyif jzpfonf/ hf ]]ewfrsm;ESiwuG rm&fewfEiwuG jA[mrsm;ESiwuGaom avmu &[ef;oljrwfrsm;ESiwuG vlrif; hf S hf hf hf [laom ewfrsm; omref vltrsm;ESiwuGaom ow0gtaygif; rdrxufomvGe oDvESihf jynfpaom tjcm;aom hf d f h Hk &[ef;ukaomfif; oljrwfuaomfif; igrjrifay}} okYd ponfucsJU odtyf\/ twlyif t*yom'okwf d dk dk ponfwYdk uvnf; (odtyf\)/ ighrSm q&mrSd tpSdaom *gxmwkdYukdvnf; csJU odtyfuke\/ dk f
(tEkw&*kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\/) (6c) yk&do'rom&xd*kPfawmftzGifh

139/ qk;rxkuaom a,musmf; (yk*Kd vf) wkYd udk oGm;apwwf armif;ESiwwfaomaMumifh yk&o'rom&xd H d f f d rnfawmfray\? (oGm;apwwf\[laom pum;jzif) ,Ofaus;apwwf\ qk;rwwf\[k qkdvkd\/ xkpum;&yf l h H d (yk&o'r) qk;rxkuaoma,musfm;wkYd [lonfum; r,Ofaus;Muonfjzpf ,Ofaus;atmif qk;rjcif;iSg oifuef d H d f H h k aom wd&pmefa,musfm;wkYd onfif; vla,musfm;wkYd onfif; ewf a,musfm;wkYd onfif; (yk&o'r)qk;rxkuaom d H d f a,musm;wkYd rnfue\/ xkpum;rSeay\-jrwfpmbk&m;onf tyvmve*g;rif; plaVm'& ra[m'& t*doc f k f d f G d "lrodc t&0gVe*g;rif; "eygvu [lvnf;ac:aom emVm*d&qif tpSueaom wd&pmefa,musfm;wkYd uvnf; d d k f dk qk;rawmfravNyD tqdyrSatmif yawmfravNyD o&P*kEihf oDvwkYd wnfapawmfravNyD/ ed*P\om; opu H l f d l H S l tr|vkvif aygu&omwdyPm; aomP'EyPm; ul#'EyPm; tpSueaom vla,musfm;wkYd uvnf; (qk;r k k k d k f dk H awmfravNyD)? tmV0u bDv; olpavmrbDv; c&avmrbDv; odMum;ewfrif; tpSueaom ewfa,musfm;wkYd l l d l l d k f ukvnf; ,Ofaus;apawmfravNyD? qef;Mu,fvueaom qk;raMumif;enf;wkYd jzifh qk;rawmfravNyD? rSeay\ d l S k f H H l f t&m ]]jrif; q&mBuD;auoD? igonf qk;rxkuaom a,musfm;wkYd udk tEkenf;jzifvnf; qk;r\? tMurf;enf;jzifh H d f h H vnf; qk;r\? tEktMurf; 2enf;vk;jzifvnf; qk;r\}} okdY tpSdaom okwfukdcsJU odtyf\/ H H h H wenf;aomfum; jrwfpmbk&m;onf oDvpifMu,faomol ponfwYdktm; yXrpsmef ponfwYdkudk (a[mMum; G awmfrvsuf) aomwmyef ponfwYdk tm;vnf; txufr*fwYdk \ tusifudk a[mMum;awmfrvsuf (tawmftwef) l h l ,Ofaus;NyD;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk uvnf; (tjynftpkH ,Ofaus;atmif) qk;rawmfronfomwnf;/ dk h H l
(yk&do'rom&xd *kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\/) (6*) tEkwa&m yk&do'rom&xd *kPfawmftzGifh

202 wenf;um; tEkwa&m yk&o'rom&xd[laom yk'onf wckwnf;omjzpfaom teufjy *kPy'f d f f k aywnf;/ rSeay\? jrwfpmbk&m;onf qk;rxkuaom a,musm;wkYd udk wckwnf;aom xuf0,fzUJG acGjcif;jzifh f G H d f f omvQif xkiaeukevsuf Nidw,f zifEjJT cif;rSyJ Spyg;aom (ormywf[laom) t&yfrsufEmrsm;okYd ajy;oGm;Ekif d f f G h d f S d atmif oGm;apawmfray\? xkYd aMumifh tEkwa&m yk&o'rom&xd[l ac:qkdtyfayonf/ rSefay\-t&m l d ]]&[ef;wkYd qifudk oifjy avhusifay;aom q&monf qk;roifjy xkuaom qifudk oGm;apvQifarmif;ESivQif h H d f f (,if; qifonf) wckaom t&yfrsuEmukomvQif ajy;oGm;\}} okdY tpSdaom okwfukdcsJU odtyf\/ f S d
(tEkwa&myk&do'rom&xd*kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\/)
29
(7) owma'0rEkeH *kPfawmftzGifh

140/ rsufarSmuf tusKd;pD;yGg; wrvGef tusKd;pD;yGg; (edAmef[aom) jrwfaom tusKd;pD;yGg;wkYd jzifxuonf l h dk f tm;avsmpm qk;roGeoifwwfaomaMumifh owm (q&m) rnfawmfray\/ wenf;aomfum; vSn;ukeonf f G H f l f f taygif;\ OD;pD;vSn;r;acgif;aqmifEihf wlawmfraomaMumifh owm rnfawmfray\/ jrwfpmbk&m;wnf;[laom f S l l G vSn;r;acgif;aqmifu&\/ Oyrmtm;jzifh vSn;r;acgif;aqmifonf vSn;ukeonfwYdk udk c&D;cJudk ul;ajrmufap\? f dk f f f ck;ol 'jrSaom c&D;cJudk ul;ajrmufap\? om;&J Saom c&D;cJudk ul;ajrmufap\? tpm&cJaom c&D;cJudk ul;ajrmuf d d d ap\? a&rSaom c&D;cJudk ul;ajrmufap\? ausmveap\ ausmfxuap\ vGeajrmufap\? ab;rJt&yfoYdk d f G f G f f h a&mufap\? xkYd twlyif jrwfpmbk&m;wnf;[laom vSn;r;acgif;aqmifonfvnf; ow0gwkYd udk c&D;cJudk ul; G f ajrmufapawmfr\? b0topf jzpf&jcif;[laom Zmwdc&D;cJudk ul;ajrmufapawmfr\? (tkrif;&jcif;[laom Z&mc&D; l l d cJudk zsm;em&jcif; [laom Asm"dc&D;cJudk aoqk;&jcif;[laom r&Pc&D;cJudk ul;ajrmufapawmfr\ ausmveap H l f G f awmfr\?) okdYtp Sdaom eda'oenf;jzifvnf; owm[laomyk' teufudk odtyf\/ a'0rEkmeHewf vl l h f wkYd \ [lonfum; ewfwYdk\if; vlwYdk \if; (owmq&maywnf;)/ ewfvwYdk \ q&m[laom pum;onf l tvGetjrwf ow0gwkYd udk yki;jcm;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifif;? uRwfxuaom bA yk*Kd vfwYdk udk yki;jcm;jcif;\ f d f f h dk f d f tpGr;tm;jzifif; qktyfaom pum;aywnf;/ pifppftm;jzifrum; jrwfpmbk&m;onf tqk;tray;aomtm;jzifh f h d h l G H wd&pmefwYdk\vnf; q&mjzpfonfomvQiwnf;/ rSeay\ xkw&pmefwYdkonfvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;\w&m;ukd Mum; f f d d G emjcif;jzifh Oyed,ESihf jynfpjHk cif;okYd a&muf xkOyed,jzifyifvQif 'kw,b0 aomfif;? wwd,b0 h d h d aomfif; r*fzvudk &Muavuke\/ t&m zm;ewfom;ponfwYdkonf pHjy om"uaywnf;/ dk f f csJUjytH-jrwfpmbk&m;onf **&ma&uef\ urf;em; prmrdUol rdUom;wkYdtm; w&m;a[maepOf zm; h G waumifonf jrwfpmbk&m;\ toHawmf w&m;oH[aom edrwudk ,lvsuf emae\? EGm;ausmif;om; wa,muf G l d f onf 0g;&if;'kwudk axmuf ai;arm &yfwnfvwfaomf xkzm;ukd OD;acgif; zdaxmufvsuf wnfav\/ xkzm; f d d onf xkcPyifvQif ao wm0wom ewfjynf0,f wq,fEp,Zem Saom aTArmef jzpfav\? tdy&mrS d h S f l d d f Ek;vmaomoluoYdk xkd Adrmef ewfo;taygif;NcH&vsufaom rdru,udk awGU&aomaMumifh ]]tcsif;wkYd igokYd aom d hJ D H dS d dk f zm;onfaomfvnf; aTewfArmef jzpf&acsao;\? tb,foYdk aomuHudk ycJavoenf;}}[k qifjcifvwfaomf d h jrwfpmbk&m;\ w&m;oH edrwudk ,ljcif;rSwyg; tjcm; wpkwckaom aumif;rIurQ rawGUrjrif&yJ Sav\/ G d f H dk d (xkYd aMumif) xkzm;ewfom;onf xkcPyifvQif aTArmefEiwuG vmvwf jrwfpmbk&m;\ ajcawmfwYdkudk h d d d S hf G OD;wkuc;av\/ jrwfpmbk&m;onf odawmfrvsuyifvQid f dS dk G l f f ]]ewf\wefc;jzifh tNcHt&Hjzifh awmufyvsuf tvGeEpoufz,f tqif;jzifh tvk;pkH dk f S f G H aom t&yfrsuEmwkYd udk xGe;vif;apvsuf ig\ajcwkYd udk Sc;olum; rnfoenf;}}[k ar;awmf f S f d dk l rlav\/ 203 ]]tuREkyonf aS;b0wke;u a& a&vQif usufpm;&mSaom zm;ow0gjzpfchJ f f f d ygonf? tSif bk&m;\ w&m;ukd emaepOf EGm;ausmif;om;onf (0g;&if;'kwjf zifh zdvsuf axmuf) aoapcJygonfb&m;}} [k avQmufxm;av\/ h k jrwfpmbk&m;onf xkzm;ewfom;tm; w&m;ukd a[mawmfr\/ Spaomif;av;axmifaom ow0gwkYd tm; G d l f w&m;xl;odjcif; jzpfav\/ zm;ewfom;onfvnf; aomwmywdzv wnfNyD;vQif NyHK;vsuf zJcgoGm;avonf/ dk f G wGif w&yfNyD;\/
(owm a'0rEkmeH *kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\)/
30
(8) Ak'*kPfawmftzGifh
141/ xkrwyg; trSwrSd wpkwckaom odtyf odxuaom tMuif (a,s"H) w&m;onf S\? xkd d S f H dk f d a,s"w&m;tvk;pkuyifvQif 0darmuEuPfawmfrsm;\ tpGr;jzifh odawmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifh Ak' rnfawmf H H H dk d f rlygay\/ wenf;um;-av;yg;aom opmwkYd udk uk,awmfwivnf; odawmfravNyD? tjcm;ow0gwkYd uvnf; d f dk f l dk odapawmfravNyD? xkoYdk odawmfrjl cif; -odapawmfrjl cif;aMumifh okYd tpSueaom taMumif;wkYd jzifvnf; Ak' l d d k f h rnfawmfrygay\ / rSeay\? qkcaom teufudk odem;vnfap&eftwGuf ]]opmwkYd udk odawmfraomaMumifh Ak' l f d hJ l rnfawmfr\? ow0gtaygif;ukd odapawmfraomaMumifh Ak' rnfawmfr\}} okYd ponfjzifh a[mxm;aom tvk; l l l H pkHaom eda'oenf;ukd jzpfap? y#dor'gr*fenf;ukd jzpfap csJU jytyf\/ d
(Ak'*kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\)/ (9) b*0g*kPfawmftzGifh

142/ xkrwyg; b*0g[laom trnfonf jrwfpmbk&m;\ oDvtp Saom *kPwYdk jzifh xl;awmfrl d S G d f aomaMumifh ow0gtm;vk;wkYd xuf jrwfawmfr tav;ytyfaom q&mjrwfBuD; jzpfawmfronfh jrwfpmbk&m;tm; H l l G tav;yaomtm;jzifh ac:qktyfaom trnfaywnf; / xkYd aMumifh aS;q&mwkYd onf (atmufyg *gxmuk) rdeYf qchJ d d dk avNyD]]b*0g[laomtrnfpum;onf txl;ojzifh csD;rGr;tyfaom trnfaywnf;? b*0g f [laom trnf pum;onf jrwfvay\ ? (tMuifjrwfpmbk&m;onf) tav;ytyfaom q&m S G jrwfBuD; jzpfygay\? tav;ytyfonf\ tjzpf[aom tav;yxkuaMumif; oDvponfEihf l d f S jynfpawmfray\? xkjd rwfpmbk&m;ukd b*0g[l ac:qktyfayonf}} (um; aS;q&mwkYd \ h Hk l G d *gxmwnf;)/ wenf;um;-trnfonf tm0wdutrnf vd*utrnf aerdwutrnf t"dporkyEtrnf[ av;yg; d l tjym;Sd\/ t"dporkyEtrnf [lonfrm avmuDo'gq&mwkYd \ a0g[m&tm;jzifh ,'dputrnfyif jzpfonf/ xkd S trnfav;yg;wkYd wif (0p) EGm;i,f ('r) xrf;yk;usifavmufaom EGm; (AvdA') 0ef;EGm;vm;-okdY tpSdaom G d h Hk trnfonf tckutwefYudk pG ac:aom (tm0wdu)trnfaywnf;/ ('@D) 'kwawmifa0S;So'kwawmifa0S; d f J f d l f pGuixm;ol (qw) xD;Sol xD;aqmif;aeol (odc) OD;pGe;Sol (u&D) vufarmif;Sol ESmarmif;Saomqif okYd J dk f D d D f d d d tpSaom trnfonf toGitjyifudk pG ac:aom (vd*u) trnfaywnf;/ (aw0dZ) 0dZm okH;yg;Sdol d f J (qVbdn) tbdnmOf 6yg; Sol okYd tpSaom trnfonf *kPtaMumif; edrwudk pG ac:aom (aerdwu) d d f d f J d trnfaywnf;/ od&0ku (usuoa&ukd yGg;apoluRef) "e0ku (Opmukd yGg;apoluRef) okYd tpSaom d f d trnfonf o'geufudk riJr jzpfaomaMumifh taMumif;ukd ausmfve ac:aom (t"dporkyE) trnfaywnf;/ h l G f b*0g[laom trnfonfum; *kPtaMumif; edrwudk pGjzpfaom aerdwu trnfaywnf;? r,fawmf f d f J d r[mrm,ma'0Du ytyfonfvnf; r[kway? crnf;awmf oka'g'erif;BuD;u ytyfonfvnf; r[kway? Spf f f aomif;aom aqGawmf rsKd;awmfwYdk u ytyfonfvnf;? r[kway? odMum; oEKdw paom ewftxl;wkYd u ytyf f onfvnf; r[kway/ rSeay\w&m;ppfoBl uD;jzpfaom tSiom&dyw&m rax&f a[mxm;aom atmufygpum; f f f k vnf; Sday\]]b*0g[laom trnfonf r,fawmfu ytyfonf r[kw/y/ b*0g [laom f trnfonf bke;awmfBuD;ukeaom Ak'j rwfpmbk&m;wkYd tm; 0darmuErnfaom t&[wzvf f f G dk cP &aom trnfaywnf;? b*0g[laom trnf ynwfonf bke;awmfBuD;ukeaom Ak' f f jrwfpmbk&m;wkYd tm; aAm"dyifatmuf oAwPfudk &onfEiwydieuf rsuarSmufotyf G k S hf f f d aom ynwfaywnf;}}/ um; r[meda'o pum;wnf;/ 143/ b*0g[laom trnfonf tMuif *kPtaMumif;edrwwYdk udk pGr jzpfc\? xk*PwYdk udk jyjcif;iSg f d f J DS hJ d k f atmufyg*gxmukd rdeYf que\dk k f
31
204 b*D&d,paom bke;awmf 6yg;ESijhf ynfpawmfray\? xkYd aMumifh xkjd rwfpmbk&m;ukd f h Hk l G b*0g[k qkdtyfayonf/ bZD qdwNf idr&mESihf psmeftbdnmOfr*fzvf w&m;xl;rsm;okYd uyfa&muf f dk awmfravNyD? xkYd aMumifh xkjd rwfpmbk&m;ukd b*0g[k qktyfayonf/ bm*D ypn;av;yg;ESihf l G d f tw&oponf psmef0armuponftzkYd Sawmfray\? xkYd aMumif/y/ qktyfayonf/ 0dbw0g d d l h d w&m;&wemukd a0bef a[mMum;awmfravNyD? xkYd aMumif/y/ qktyfayonf/ tumodb*H &m*p l h d onf zsufq;jcif;ukd yawmfravNyD? xkYd aMumif/y/ qkdtyfayonf/ *k tav;ytyfaom q&m D l h jzpfawmfray\? xkYd aMumif/y/ qktyfayonf/ bm*s0g 'ge oDvpaom txGwtxdyf bke;uHdS l h d f f awmfray\? xkYd aMumif/y/ qktyfayonf/ um,bm0empaom rsm;pGmaom bm0emtpOfwYdk jzifh l h d (okbm0dww) aumif;pGm yGg;aptyfNyD;aom oabmSawmfray\? xkYd aMumif/y/ qktyfayonf/ d l h d b0E*b0\ tqk; edAmefoYdk a&mufawmfray\? xkYd aMumifh xkjd rwfpmbk&m;ukd b*0g[k qkd H l G tyfayonf}} um; eda'o*gxmwnf;/ quf nTejf yOD;tH?h *gxm bm*DtpSaom xkxy'wYdk \ teufudk eda'o tus,fjyqkxm;aom d d dk k f d enf;jzifyifvQif rSwtyfayonf/ h f 144/ ,ckqrnfh tzGionfum; eda'oenf;rS wyg;aom t|uxm enf;aywnf;/ dk hf bm*s0gbke;uHawmfEihf jynfpawmfray\? b*0gzsuq;awmfravNyD? b*rnfaom f S h Hk l f D l &d, ponfwYdk Eihf ,SOawmfray\? 0dbw0ga0befa[mMum;awmfravNyD? bw0g S f l l qnf;uyfawmf rlavNyD? (ba0ok) b0wkYd (0E*raem) oGm;aom wPSmukd axG;tefawmf rlavNyD? xkYd aMumifh b*0g rnfawmfray\/ um; acgif;pOfo*F[ *gxmwnf;/ l xk*gxm (1) 0Pm*rtu&mvmaomenf;? 0gtu&mjznfpuaomenf;? (2) 0P0y&d,m,tu&m d h G f d aSUaemuf jyefaomenf;? (3) 0P0um&tu&mazmufjyef ajymif;vJaomenf;? (4) 0Pavmytu&mukd acszsuf d Ekwy,faomenf;? (5) "mwktwmwdo,"mwf\ykveaom teufaomenf;[laom edwusrf;vm vuPm f d G f dS k d ukd ,laomfif;? (k;k; kyNf yD; pD&ifyudk jyaom) o'gusrf;enf;jzifh ydaom'&m'd*P; xnfoi;jcif; vuPmukd d d Hk dk f h G f ,laomfif; (igwkYd q&mjzpfaom) jrwfpmbk&m;rSm avmuD avmukw&m csr;omwkYd udk jzpfapwwfaom 'ge G f oDv tpSaom txGwtxdyoYdk a&mufaom bm*sac: bke;uHawmfonf Say\? xkYd aMumifh bm*s0g[k qkoifh d f f f d d &m b*0g -[k ac:qkdtyfayonf [l odtyf\/ (1) xkYd jyif avmb a'go arm[ azmufjyefaom reodum&? t[d&utukovrS rSujf cif; taemwy d dk f tukovrS rxdwvefYjcif;? aum"trsufxujf cif; Oyem[&efNidK;zGUJ jcif;? ruolYaus;Zl;ukd acszsufjcif; dk f f G yVmo*kPjf rifoEihf wef;wly zufydijf cif;? m-remvkjd cif; rp&,0efwjdk cif;? rm,m rdr\tjypfuz;uG,f h l S d d dk Hk vSnpm;jcif; omaX,srSaom*kPjf zifh [efaqmifvsuf aumufuspfjcif;? xrrkao rnGwui;Ekiatmif hf d d f dk f d f cufxefjcif; om&rolYxufomatmify csKwfcs,fcsKd;ESrjf cif;? rmefwufjcif; tvGermefwufjcif;? rmef,pfjcif; d f arhavsmhjcif;? wPSm t0dZm? ok;yg;pD tjym;Saom tukovf rlv 'kpuf oHuavo rvtnpftaus; 0dor H d dk dk d -rnDnwr?I onm 0dwuf yyO? av;yg;pD tjym;Saom 0dyvmotmo0 *E MoC a,m* t*wd wPSm\ G f d jzpfjcif; Oyg'gef? ig;yg;pD tjym;Saom apawmcdv apwm0deAE eD0&P tbdeEe? 6yg;aom 0d0g'rlv d d wPSmum,? ckepfyg;aomtEko,? Spyg;aom rdpw? 9yg;aom wPSmrlvuwPSmt&if;cHaom w&m;? f q,fyg;aom tukovuryx? 62yg;aom rdpm'd|?d 108yg;aom wPSm0dpkduf tjym;Sueaom tvk;pkuef dk f d k f H H k aom ylyefjcif; ylavmifjcif;ukd ywwfueaom wode;ru rsm;vSpmukeaom udavomwkYd udk (zsufq;awmfrl k f f G f D avNyD) tusO;csKyftm;jzifrum; udavorm&f cErm&f tbdocFg&rm&f a'0ykwrm&f rpKrm&f[aom ig;yg;aom f h l l rm&fwYdkudk zsuq;awmfravNyD? udavom &efowYdk udk xkoYdk zsufq;awmfrNl yD; jzpfaomaMumifh b*0g[k qkoifh f D l l d D d &m b*0g[k ac:qktyfayonf/ t&m atmufyg tusOf;csKyf o*F[*gxmukd (q&mwyg;u) rdeYf qxm; d dk ao;\]](jrwfpmbk&m;onf) b*&m*zsufq;tyfNyD;aom &m*Sawmfr\? 0g&m*ukd zsufq; G D d l D awmfravNyD? a'goukd zsufq;awmfravNyD? arm[ukd zsufq;awmfravNyD? tmoa0grSd l D l D l uif;pifawmfray\? jrwfpm bk&m;onf ,kwrmaom tukovw&m;wkYd udk zsuq;awmf l G f dk f f D rl (tyfue) NyD? xkYd aMumifh b*0g[k ac:qkd tyfayonf/ (2) k f
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Oypmenf;jzifh jyykudk quf qkO;tH?h (bm*s0wm) bke;uHawmfEihf jynfpjHk cif;jzifh t&mru rsm;vSpmaom H d D f S h G bke;uHaMumifjh zpfonfh r[myk&ovuPmwkYd uaqmifaom xkjd rwfpmbk&m;\ lyum,\ jynfpjHk cif;ukd (um&Pl f d dk G h ypmjzif) jy(tyf) ay\? (b*a'gowm) tukovtjypfwYdkudk zsuq;NyD; jzpfjcif;jzifh "rum,\ jynhpjHk cif;ukd jy h dk f f D f (tyf) ay\/ xkYd twl (bm*s0wmjzif) vlrsm;pk\rsm;pGm jrwfE;tyfonf\tjzpfudk (jyay\)/ (b*a'gowmjzif) h dk h pl;prf;qifjcifwwfaom ynmSwYdk \rsm;pGm jrwfE;tyfonf\tjzpfudk (jyay\)? (bm*s0wmjzif) (rif;tpSaom) d dk h d vlwYdk \ csOf;uyftyfonf\ tjzpfudk (jyay\)? (b*a'gowmjzif) (&aohy&dAZpaom) Si&[ef;wkYd \ csO;uyf h dk f f f tyfonftjzpfudk (jyay\)? csOf;uyfvmukeaom xkvEihf Si&[ef;wkYd \ 205uk,qif;&J pdwqif;&Judk h f d l S f d f f y,fjcif; pGr;Ekionf\tjzpfuvnf; (jyay\)? tmrdoukd ay;urf;cs;jrijhf cif; "rudk ay;urf;cs;jrijhf cif;wkYd jzifh f d f dk D D (xkvEihf Si&[ef;wkYd tm;) aus;Zl;yavhjdS cif;uk(vnf; jyay\)? avmuDcsr;om avmukw&mcsr;omwkYd Eihf d l S f d f f S ,SOapjcif; pGr;Ekionf\ tjzpfuvnf; jy(tyf)ay\/ f f d f dk xkYd jyif avmu (0gavmuDusrf;) b*o'gonf (1) &d,tpk;&jcif; (2) "rw&m; (3) ,o d ausmfapmjcif; (4) od&usufoa& (5) umrtvktwki; NyD;apEkijf cif; (6) y,wvkYH v[k qktyfueaom D d d f d d k f 6yg;ukeaom bke;wefc;w&m;wkYd jzpf\ (0gjzpfonf[q\)/ (igwkdY\q&mjzpfaom) jrwfpmbk&m;rSmvnf; f f dk k dk G rdr\ pdw tvGetuJq; tjrwfq;jzpfaom tpk;&ykiEijf cif; ([laom &d,) bke;awmfonf (Say\)? d f f Hk Hk d d f dk f d avmuDusrf;q&mwkYd u tav;tjrwf orkwtyfaom (tPkjrLozG,f ao;i,fatmif zefqif;Ekijf cif;[laom) f d tPdrmwefc; (aumif;uif oGm;jcif; ponfjzifh ayghyg;atmif zefqif;Ekiaom) vCdrmwefc; tpSaom (kyf dk d f dk d uk,udk tpk;&jcif; &d,) bke;awmfonfvnf; cyfor;aomtjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jynfppm Say\/ xkdYtwl d f d f d f h Hk G d avmukw&mjzpfaom (r*fzvf edAmef)w&m;[laom ("r) bke;awmfonfvnf; (Say\)/ (umr ly tly[laom) dk f d avmuok;yg; jyefYEYSaom [kwreonfh *kPwYdkaMumif&aom (xkYd aMumifyif) tvGepifMu,faom ausmapmjcif; H H f S f f h h f f ([laom ,o) bke;awmfonfvnf; (Say\)/ lyum, uk,awmfudk zl;jrif&ef tm;xkwMf uaom vlwYdk tm; f d d f rsufp\ Munfvifjcif; MunfE;jcif;ukd jzpfapEkiaom tcsif;cyfor; jynfpaom tvk;pkaom uk,\ tpdwf d l d f d f h Hk H H d f tyki;BuD;i,fwYdk \ wifw,foyg,fjcif; usufoa&awmf[aom od&be;awmfonfvnf; (Say\)/ rdrd\ tpD; d f h l D k f d tyGg;jzpfap? olwyg;wkYd \ tpD;tyGg;jzpfap tMuiftMuif tpD;tyGg;ukd jrwfpmbk&m;onf (iguk,wif G d f dk ul;ajrmufvQif tjcm;olwYdkuvnf; ul;ajrmufaprnfponfjzif) tvkcawmifwcJ\? xkxtpD;tyGg;onf xkoYdk dk h d dS hJ h h d dk d tvkwi; awmifwwki;yif NyD;pD;aomaMumifh tvktyfaom tusKd;pD;yGg;\NyD;pD;jcif;qktyfaom umrbke;awmf d dS dk f h d f d dS d f onfvnf; (Say\)/ tvk;pkaom avmu\ tav;tjrwf ytyfonfh q&mjrwftjzpfoYdk a&mufjcif;\ taMumif; d H H jzpfaom orm0g,mr[k qktyfaom ory"mefvYHk v y,w bke;awmfonfvnf; Say\/ xkdYaMumifh 6yg; d f d aom b*wkYd Eihf ,SOaomaMumifvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;tm; b*rnfaom 6yg;aom bke;awmfwYdk ue\ S f h G f dS k f [laom teuft&tm;jzifh b*0g[l ac:qkdtyfay\/ (3) xkYd jyif ukovf tpSueaom tjym;wkYd jzifh tvk;pkaom w&m;wkYd uif; cEm tm,we"mwf opm aÈ dk d k f H H dk y#dporkyg'ftpSueaom tjym;wkYd jzifh ukovf tpSaom w&m;wkYd uif; (1) yDVe|ESuf pufjcif;oabm (2) d k f dk d dk d ocFw|-aygif;pk ytyfaom oabm (3) oEm y|ylavmifapjcif;oabm (4) 0dy&dPmr|ajymif;vJ azmufjyef jcif;oabmjzifh 'kut&d,opmukif;? (1) tm,l[e|qif;&Jjzpfyg;&ef tm;xkwjf cif;oabm (2) ed'ge|qif;&J\ d G taMumif;oabm (3) oHa,m*|oHo&mqif;&JEihf ,SOapjcif; oabm (4) yvdaAm"|r*fudk r&atmif aESmif,uf S f h S wm;jrpfjcif; oabmjzifh ork',t&d,opmukif;? (1) ed&P|xGuajrmufjcif;oabm (2) 0da0u|ocFg& d f wkYd rS uif;qdwjf cif;oabm (3) tocFw|rytyfaomoabm (4) trw|-raorysujf cif;oabmjzifh eda&m" t&d,opmukif;? (1) ed,sme|-0#fqif;&JrS xGuom;jcif;oabm (2) a[wk|edAmefoYdka&mufaMumif; oabm (3) d f G 'e|edAmefudk rsufarSmufjrifjcif;oabm (4) t"dyaw,s|tBuD;tr;jzpfjcif;oabmjzifh r* t&d,opmukif; d a0befawmfravNyD? ]]a0bef zGivp a[mMum;awmfravNyD}}[k qkv\/ xkdYaMumifh 0dbw0g[k qkoif&m l hf S f l d dk d h b*0g[l ac:qkdtyfayonf/ (4) xkYd jyif xkjd rwfpmbk&m;onf 'dA0[m& jA[0[m& t&d,0d[m&wkYd uif;? um,0da0u pdw0a0u Oy"d G d d dk d 0da0uwkYd uif;? oknw0darmu tyP[w0darmu tedrw0armuwYdk uif;? xkrS wyg;ukeaom avmuD dk d d d d dk d f avmukw&m jzpfueaom Ow&rEk"rac: avmuDtbdnmOf paom w&m;xl; wkYd uif; csO;uyfawmfrcavNyD k f d dk f l hJ rS0awmfrcavNyD tBudrrsm;pGm ESv;oGi;avhvmawmfrcavNyD/ xkYd aMumifh bw0g[k qkoif&m b*0g[l D J l hJ f Hk f l hJ d h ac:qkdtyfay\ (5)
33
xkYd jyif ok;yg;ukeaom (umr ly tly) b0wkYd wPSm[k qktyfaom oGm;jcif;ukd jrwfpmbk&m;onf H f d G axG;tefpeYf y,fawmfrl (tyf) avNyD? xkYd aMumifh b00E*raem(b0wkYd axG;tefNyD;aom oGm;jcif;Sonf)[k qkoifh G d d &m b0o'grS bukdif;? *reo'grS *ukdif;? 0Eo'grS 0ukdif; ,l (0rS tuk) tm-'DCy b*0g[k d ac:qkdtyfay\? avmu (0gavmuDusrf;) ar[e (vQKdU0Sutyfaom? 0ga&a[mif;pGeYf aMumif;jzpfaom) f c (t&yf\? 0gukd,ft*Fgtxl;\) rmvm (zk;uG,p&m yef;uk;wnf;)okYd aom 0pewt& (ar[ecrmvm H f H [k qkoif&m) arcvm (cg;pnf;ud;wefqm) [k ac:qkouJoYdk yifwnf;/ (6) d h d h
(b*0g*kPfawmftzGifh NyD;\)/
145/ (xkpum;&yf ,ckjyqkrnfpum;onf tzefwvJvJ atmufarh qifjcifyaywnf;ponfjzif) okYd d d h Hk h jyqkconftwki; ]]xkjd rwfpmbk&m;onf taMumif;aMumifvnf; taMumif;aMumifvnf; t&[H rnfawmfrlyg d hJ h d f G h h ay\/y/ taMumif;aMumifvnf; taMumif;aMumifvnf; b*0grnfawmfrygay\}}[l jrwfpmbk&m;\ h h l G *kPawmfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarh qifjcifaeaom xka,m*Dtm; xktcg &m*vTr;rk; ESypufc&aom pdwf f d d f d d f H rjzpfawmhonfom? a'govTr;rk; ESypufc&aom pdwf rjzpfawmhonfom? 206 arm[vTr;rk; ESypufc&aom f d d f H f d d f H pdwf rjzpfawmhonfom? xktcg xka,m*D\pdwfonf jrwfpGmbk&m; (\ *kPawmfrsm;)ukd tmkH yvsuf ajzmifrwf d d f h aeonfomvQif jzpfayonf/ qkconftwki; &m*ponfwYdk \ vTr;rk;ESypufjcif; rSaomaMumifh cGgtyfNyD;aom eD0&P Saom d hJ h d f f d d f d d ur|mef;okYd aS;Ionftjzpfjzifh ajzmifrwfonfh pdwaom xka,m*Dtm; bk&m;\*kPawmfrsm;okYd nGwui;SKd if; h f dS d f f dk f ukeaom 0dwuf 0dpm& (BuHrI qifjcifr) wkYd onf rjywfjzpfue\/ jrwfpmbk&m;\ *kPawmfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ f I k f G f BuHpnfaeaom tzefwvJvo;oyf qifjcifaeaom a,m*Dtm; ESpor0rf;ajrmufr yDwonf jzpfay:\? yDwjd zifh J Hk f d hf I d 0rf;ajrmufonfpwf Saom oltm;yDwvQif eD;aomtaMumif;Saom Nidr;at;rIy'jd zifh uk,pw\ ylyefjcif; h d d d d f d f d f wkYd onf Nidr;uke\? ylyefrNI idr;aom a,m*Dtm; uk,csr;omvnf; jzpfay:\? pdwcsr;omvnf; jzpfay:\? uk,f f f f d f f f f d pdwcsrf;omESihf jynfpaom a,m*Dtm; (0ga,m*D\)pdwonf bk&m;*kPvQif tmkonfjzpf (0gbk&m;*kPudk f h Hk f f H dS f omtmkH yvsuf) aumif;pGmwnfMunf\? okYd aom tpOfjzifh wckaomcP psmeft*FgwkYd onf jzpfay:uke\/ f okYd aomfvnf;bk&m;*kPawmfwYdk \ eufejJ cif;aMumifif; txl;xl; tjym;jym;rsm;pGmaom *kPawmfwYdk udk atmufarh f h f qifjcifjcif;jzifh ouf0ifav;jrwfq;jzwf ,kMH unfjcif;aMumifif; (0grsm;pGmaom*kPawmfwYdk udk atmufarhjcif;iSg Hk h f ESv;oGi; nGwui;jcif; aMumifif;) tyempsmefoYdk ra&mufr Oypm&okYd omvQif a&mufaom psmefonf jzpf\? Hk f f dk f h l xkoYdk Oypm&okYd a&mufaom psmefonf bk&m;*kPawmfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifjh zpf d f f aomaMumifh Ak'gEkwd [lomvQif a&wGuf ac:qktyfjcif;okYd a&mufayonf/ d tusKd;um;-Ak'gEkwd ur|mef;ukd tm;xkwaom&[ef;onf q&mtSijf zpfawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m; f l G kdaojcif;Sday\ wky0yfjcif; Say\? o'g\ jyefYajymjcif; owd\ jyefYajymjcif; ynm\ jyefYajymjcif; aumif;rI\ f d jyefYajymjcif;okYd vnf; a&mufay\? ESporhf 0rf;ajrmufrI (yDwd ygarmZ) jzpfjcif;rsm;ay\? aMumufz,f ab;i,f f d G ab;BuD;ukd onf;cHEiay\? qif;&J'uwYdk udk onf;cHjcif;iSg pGr;Ekiay\? jrwfpmbk&m;ESihf twlwuG ae&onf dk f k f d f G [laom trSwonmukd &ay\/ xkdYjyif Ak'gEkwd\ude;atmif;&m jzpfaom a,m*D\uk,onfvnf; apwD tdrf f f d f (bk&m;ausmif;)uJoYdk ylaZmfxuay\? (xka,m*D\) pdwonf bk&m;tqifbk&m;tjzpf nGw\? xkYd jyif usL;vGef h dk f d f h f p&m 0wKtrIEihf awGUvwfaomf jrwfpmbk&m;ukd rsuarSmuf jrifae&ouJoYdk SuaMumufrI ([d&D Mowy)onf S G f h f xkda,m*Dtm; aS;Ixif\? txuf r*fzvw&m;xl;ukd xk;xGi; rodjim;aomfvnf; ok*wdvQif vm;&mSay\/ dk f d f d xkd (okYd bk&m; kao wky0yfjcif;rSp ok*wdvQifvm;&m Sjd cif;wkiatmif rsm;pGm d f d f aom tusKd;Sjd cif;)aMumifh aumif;aom tajrmftjrifPfEihf jynfpaom yk*Kd vfonf qkchJ S h Hk d onfhtwkdif; BuD;rm;aom tmEkabmfESifh ynfpaom Ak'Ewd tcgcyfor; rarhravsmhtm; j h Hk k d f xkwjf cif;ukd pifppfrcs yoifvygayownf;/ um; Oa,smZOfaywnf;/ k h S ,ck qkcNhJ yD;aom pum;onf aS;OD;pGm (tpOfusaom) Ak'gEkwd ur|mef; tus,fjyqkaom pum; d d t>rufaywnf;/
(Ak'gEkwd ur|mef;NyD;\)/
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2"rmEkwdyGg;ykH jyqkdcsuf
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("rmEkwd ur|mef;NyD;\)/
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154/ oHCmEkwdudk yGg;apjcif;iSg tvkaom a,m*Donfvnf; qdwNf idr&mokYd uyfa&mufvsuf tjyify d dS f tmkrsm;rS zJcgum (ur|mef;) aumif;pGm uyfNidonfjzpf H G ]](oky#yaEm b*0awm om0u oHaCm) jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfom;taygif; oHCm d G h awmfonf aumif;pGm usiBhf uHawmfrygay\/ l (OZky#yaEm b*0awm om0uoHaCm) jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfom;taygif; oHCm d G h awmfonf ajzmifrepm usiBhf uHawmf rlwwfygay\/ h S f G (,y#yaEm b*0awm om0uoHaCm) jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfom;taygif; oHCm d G h awmfonf edAmef tvkYd ig usifBh uHawmfrwwfygay\/ S l (omrDpy#yaEm b*0awm om0uoHaCm) jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfom;taygif; oHCm d d G h awmfonf vlrsm;uyonfh kaorIEihf oifwifh xkuwefatmif usifawmfrwwfygay\/ d S h d f h l (,'d'H pwm&d yk&o,k*ged t| yk&oyk*vm) (tMuif) av;ckueaom a,musfm;tpkwYdk d d k f H ESihf Spa,muf ukeaom a,musfm;wkYd onf (Sue\)/ f f d k f ({o b*0awm om0uoHaCm tm[kaea,sm) av;pkEihf Spa,muf[aom 212 H S f l jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfom;taygif; oHCmawmfonf t&yfa0;rS aqmif,c ay;vSLonf G h l hJ ukd cHawmfrxuygay\/ l dk f (yg[kaea,sm) {nfcauR;arG;zG,uvnf; ay;vSL&ef cH,&ef xkuwefvygay\/ h H f dk l d f S ('udaPa,sm) jrwfaomtvSLukd cH,awmfrxuygay\/ l l dk f (tOvu&PDa,m) vuftycsDr; Sc;xkuygay\/ d k f dk d dk d f (tEkw&H yknauwH avmu) ow0gtaygif; vltaygif;[laom avmu\aumif;rI rsKd;wkYd udk pkuysKd;bkYd &m v,f,majr taumif; tjrwfq; ygaywnf;}} [l d f Hk ykH enf;jzifh t&d,oHCmawmf\ *kPwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyfue\/ f k f 155/ xkoC *kPawmfjy pum;&yf oky#yE[lonfum; aumif;pGm usifay\? rSeuefaomtusifh d H f d h f rqkwrepfaomtusifh avsmfaomtusifh rqefYusifaomtusifh avmukw&m (edAmef) w&m;tm; (0gbk&m;a[m f a'oemw&m;awmftm;) avsmfaomtusifudk usifay\[k qkvayonf/ jrwfpmbk&m;\ Mo0g'tqk;trukd h h d dk G H kaopGm emcHwwfueaom yk*Kd vfwYdk onf om0u wynfom;rnfue\/ wynfom; om0uwkYd \ taygif;onf d k f h k f h om0u oHCmrnf\? oDvcsif; Pftjrifcsif; wlnMD u onf\ tjzpfjzifh aygif;tyfonf\ tjzpfokdY a&mufaom wynftaygif; [laom teufudk (qkv\)/ h d dk OZky#yE ponfrnfyum; -qkcaom xkreuefaomtusifonf OZkajzmifrwf\? EGm;usii,fa&;uJoYdk d Hk d hJ d S f h h f h raumuf va&;uJoYdk raumuf x,fui;uJoYdk raumuf[vnf; qktyf\? pifMu,faom (,) edAmefudk h dk f h l d odaMumif;aywnf; okYd vnf;qktyf\/ 0#fqif;&JrS vGwajrmuf&ef avsmfaomaMumifh omrDpavsmfaom tusifh d f d [lvnf; a&wGujf cif;okYd a&muf\/ xkYd aMumifh xkreuefaomtusifudk usifaom t&d,moHCmukd OZky#yE d S f h h d ajzmifrwfaom tusifudk usifonf ,y#yEedAmefoaMumif; tusifudk usifonf omrDpy#yEavsmfaom h h h d d h h d d tusifudk usifonf[vnf; qktyfygayonf/ h h l d
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quf Sif;jyOD;tHh-t&d,m oHCmxJwif r*fwnfqJ r*|mefy*Kd vfwYdk onf rSeuefaom tusifEihf G k f h S jynfpaomaMumifh oky#yEaumif;pGm usiqJ rnfue\/ zkvwnfaom zv|mef yk*Kd vfwYdkonf rSeuefaom h Hk d hf k f d f f tusifjh zifh odtyf&tyfaom w&m;xl;ukoNd yD;&NyD; jzpfMuaomaMumifh vGecNhJ yD;aomtusifudk &nf oky#yE d f h d aumif;pGmusiNhf yD;rnfue\ [l odtyfukef\/ k f wenf;aomfum;-aumif;pGm a[mtyfaom w&m;0denf;[laom omoemawmf qk;rnTeMf um;onftwki; H h d f usiaomaMumifvnf; oky#yE (aumif;pGmusionfrnf) ay\? rcRwr,Gi; {uefue;aojzpfaom tusiudk hf h d hf f f d f hf usiaomaMumifvnf; oky#yE (aumif;aom tusiudk usionf) rnfay\/ (1) hf h d hf hf tE'G, ac: tzkdY tpGef; 2yg;okdY ruyfa&mufr tv,fvrf; tusifjh zifh usifvsufom;aomaMumifif;? l h G h uk,EwpwwYdk \ ok;rsK;aom aumufjcif;[laom tjypfudk y,fjcif;iSg usiaomaMumifif;? OZky#yE (ajzmifpm d f I f d f H d hf h d h G oGm;onf usionf) rnfay\/ (2) hf odtyf odxuaomaMumifh edAmefudk ,[k qktyf\? ,rnfaom xkeAmeftusKd;iSg usifaomaMumifh dk f d d d h ,y#yE (edAmeftusKd;iSgom usifonf) rnfay\/ (3) d h tMuiftjcif;t&mjzifh usifuevwfaomf (vlwYdk u ytyfaom c&D;OD;BudKqkjd cif; tpSaom) kaorIudk h k f d d xkuwefue\/ xkdokdY xduwefavmufaom tjcif;t&mjzifh usiaomaMumifh omrDpy#yE (vlwYdku yonfh d f k f dk f hf d d kaorIEihf oifwifh xkuwefatmif usifBh uHonf) rnfay\/ (4) d S h d f 156/ (,'d'[lonfrm ,med rmedtMuif wkYd onf[k qkv\)/ pwm&d yk&o,k*ged[lonfum; H S d dk d tpkH\ tpGr;jzifh aomwmywd r*fa&mufy*Kd vfEihf zkva&mufy*Kd vf[aom ESpyg; taygif;onf wpkaywnf;? f k S d f k l f H enf;jzifh av;ckueaom a,musfm;tpkwYdk jzpfue\/ t|yk&oyk*vm[lonfum; a,musfm;yk*Kd vf toD;toD; k f H k f d \ tpGr;tm;jzifh aomwmywdr*fa&muf yk*Kd vfwyg; zkva&muf yk*Kd vf wyg;[laom enf;jzifh a,musfm;yk*Kd vf f d f wkYd onf Spa,mufwYdk om jzpfue\/ quf Sif;OD;tHh-t&m a,musfm;[lif; yk*Kd vf[if; yk'wYdk onf f k f l f teufwue\/ okYd aomfvnf; a0ae,swkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh a,musfm; yk*Kd vfwYdk [laom pum;ukd a[m(tyf) l k f f ayonf/ {o b*0awm om0uoHaCm[lonfum; 213 tpkH\ tpGr;tm;jzifh av;ck ukeaom tMuifoYdk aom f f a,musfm;tpkwYdk onf (Sue\)? toD; toD;tm;jzifh Spa,mufueaom a,musfm;yk*Kd vfwYdk onf (Sue\)? H d k f f k f d k f jrwfpmbk&m;\ av;pkH Spa,mufaom wynfom;taygif; oHCmawmfonf/ tm[kaea,sm ponfwYdk (teuf G f h um;) aqmifc ylaZmftyfaomaMumifh tm[ke rnf\? t&yfa0;rSaomfvnf; aqmifc oDvSaom yk*Kd vfwYdk hJ hJ d ay;vSLtyfonf[aom teufudk (odtyf\)? tm[ke[laom trnfonf vSLzG,f ypn;av;yg;wkYd \ trnfay l f wnf;/ xkay;vSLylaZmfrudk tusKd;BuD;atmif ywwfaomaMumifh (tm[kernfaom) xkay;vSLylaZmfz,udk cH,jl cif; d I d G f iSg oifavsmfxuwefay\/ xkYd aMumifh tm[kae,srnfay\/ wenf;um; t&yfa0;rSaomfvnf;vm tvk;pkaom h dk f H H OpmESpuaomfvnf; oHCm ay;vSLylaZmfxuaomaMumifh tm[0eD, rnfay\/ wenf;um; odMum;rif; f dk dk f ponfwYdk \aomfvnf; ylaZmfjcif;ukd xkuaomaMumifh tm[0eD, rnfay\/ onfrQomruao;jAm[P vlrsKd; d f wkYd \ tm[0eD,rnfaom ylaZmftyfaom tMuifr;S\? ,if;rD; ylaZmfjcif;ukd tusKd;BuD;onf[k xkjd Am[PwkYd \ D d t,lonf Sd\? tu,f ylaZmfjcif;ukd tusKd;BuD;apwwfaomaMumifh tm[0eD,ylaZmfxuonf rnfygrl oHCm dk f onfomvQif tm[0eD, rnf&m\/ rSeay\oHCm ylaZmfjcif;onf tusKd;BuD;ay\/ tqkdESifhtnD (atmufyg f *gxmukd jrwfpmbk&m;) a[mawmfray\G l ]]tMuif yk*Kd vfonf awmt&yf (&aohyumae) tESpw&mywfv; rD;ukd vkyauR; f Hk f ylaZmf&m\? tMuify*Kd vfonfum; yGg;aptyfNyD;aom pdwaom (0gpdwuyg;apNyD;aom) k f dS f dk G t&d,myk*Kd vfwyg;ukd wrk[wf wcPrQaomfvnf; ylaZmf&m\? (xkEpO;wkYd \ ylaZmfjcif; k d S f D ESpcwYdk wi) tESpw&mywfv; rD;ukd ylaZmfjcif;xuf t&d,mwyg;ukd wcPrQ xkyaZmfjcif; f k G f f Hk d l onfomvQif omvGe jrwfay\/}} f oAw0g'D*P;[laom edum,fwyg; (ok;avhaom) xktm[0eD,yk'onf r[m0d[m&0goD*P; d dk f H dS d f dk f tm[kae,s[laomyk'Eihf teuftm;jzifh wlay\? o'gtm;jzifrum; tm[0eD,ESihf tm[kae,syk'wYdk tenf; f S h l f i,frQom xl;ayonf/ okYd jzpf tm[kae,s rnfay\/ (5)
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xkrwyg; yg[kae,s [laom yk' (teufum;) t&yfav;rsufEm t&yfprsufEmwkYd rS a&mufvmukef d S f S S f S aom cspfcifjrwfE;tyfueaom aqGrsKd;rdwaqGwYdk\tusKd;iSg wkwao txl;yjyifp&ifxm;aom {nfcz,f dk k f f d D h H G ypn;ukd yg[ke[k ac:qktyf\? xk{nfcauR;arG;zG,f ypn;ukvnf; xkqconfh *kPx;Sueaom xkaqGrsKd; f d d h H f d d dk hJ f l d k f d rdwaqG {nfonfaumif;wdYk udk tvGwxm; oHCmtm;omvQif vSLjcif;iSg oifavsmfay\? oHCmonfvnf; xkd f h f h {nfcz,ypn;ukd cH,jl cif;iSg oifavsmf xkuwefay\/ rSeay\oHCmESihf tvm;wlaom {nfonfaumif;rnf h H G f f h d f f h onf rSay/ xkpum;ukd xifm;jy&vQif oHCmawmfudk bk&m; ESpqwYdk \ tMum;umvukd vGeaomtcgif; d d S f l f (urmaygif; toacsF vGeaomtcgif;) awGUjrif&ayonf? qefYusifbufwYdk Eihf a&m,Sujf cif;rSyJ cspfjrwfE;tyf f S d dk onf\tjzpfudk ywwfueaom oDv paom *kPaus;Zl;wkYd Eivnf; jynfpay\? xkYd aMumifh qkconftwki; k f f S hf h Hk d hJ h d f oHCmtm; {nfcauR;arG;zG,udk ay;vSL&ef oifay\? {nfcauR;arG;zG,udk (oHCmonf) cH,&efvnf; h H f h h H f l oifay\? xkoYdk (yg[keuk) vSL&ef cH,&efoifaomaMumifh yg[kae,srnfay\/ ygXfuGJudk jyOD;tH-tMuif oAwd h d d l h h 0g'D*P;om;wkYd \ (yd#u) yg[0eDa,m[laom ygVdonf\? xk*P;om;wkYd \ (tvktm;jzif) oHCmawmfonf dk f dS d dk f d h vufO;ylaZmfjcif;ukd xkuaomaMumifh tvk;pkwYdk \ aS;OD;pGm aqmif oHCm ay;vSLylaZmftyf\? xkYd aMumifh D d f H H yg[0eD, rnf\/ wenf;um; cyfor;aom tjym;tm;jzifh aqmifvm ylaZmfjcif;ukd (0gylaZmftyfaom ypn; d f f uk) xkuwefaomaMumifh yg[0eD, rnf\/ xkyg[0eD,[k qktyfaom oHCmawmfudk r[m0d[m&0goD d d f d d wkYd \ yd#u xkqtyfcaom teufaMumifyifvQif (y&d,m,ftjzpf jzif) yg[kae,s[k qktyfay\/ (6) d dk hJ h h d xkrwyg; wrvGeavmuukd ,kMH unf vSLtyfaom 0wKukd (BuD;yGg;aMumif;jzpfaomaMumif) 'uPm[k d S f h d ac:qkdtyf\? 'uPmrnfaom BuD;yGg;aMumif;jzpfaom xktvSL0wKukd (cH,&ef) xkuwefaomaMumifh ('uaP,s d d l d f d rnfay\)/ wenf;um; BuD;yGg;aMumif;jzpfaom ('udPm) tvSL\ tpD;tyGg;ukd ywwf\? xktvSLukd tusKd;BuD; d atmif ywwfonf\ tjzpfjzifh pifMu,fapwwf\? xkYd aMumifh 'uaP,s rnfay\/ (7) d tvk;pkaom (ow0gtaygif; [laom) avmuonf ESpzufaom vufwYdk udk OD;acgif;xuf wnfap H H f ytyfaom vuftycsDjcif;trIudk xkuaomaMumifh tOvu&PD, rnfygay\/ (8) k f d f d tEkw&H yknauwH avmu[lonfum; tvk;pkaom (ow0gtaygif;[laom) avmu\twlrSdaom H H (0gtjrwfq;jzpfaom) aumif;rIwYdk \ jzpfyg;pnfyif&m Xmeaywnf; ([k qkv\)/ Oyrmjzifh xifpmjy&vQif Hk G d dk G rif;\aomfif;? trwf\aomfif; oav;pyg;wkYd \ rka,m *sKHwYdk \ jzpfyg;pnfyif&mXmeukd rif;\ oav; G pyg;cif;v,f *sKHcif;,m[l (trwf\ oav;pyg;cif;v,f *sKHcif;,m[l) qktyfouJoYdk twlyif d h oHCmawmfonf tvk;pkaom avmu\ aumif;rIwYdk \ jzpfyg; pnfyif&m Xmeaywnf;/ rSeay\oHCmawmfudk H H G f rS (ow0gtaygif;[laom) avmu\ txl;xl; tjym;jym;aom pD;yGg;csr;omukd jzpfapwwfueaom aumif;rIwYdk D f k f onf jzpfyg;pnfyifue\/ xkYd aMumifh oHCmawmfonf avmu\ taumif;qk;tjrwfq;jzpfaom aumif;rIwYdk \ G k f H Hk jzpfyg;pnfyif&m v,f,majr aumif; rnfygay\/ (9) G 157/ qkonftwki; (oky#yEwm) aumif;pGmusifBh uHwwfonf\tjzpf ponftjym;Sueaom oHCm d h d f d d k f awmf\ *kPwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjcifaeaom xka,m*Dtm; xktcg &m*vTr;rk; ESypufc&aom f d d f d d f H pdwrjzpfawmhonfom? a'go/y/ arm[vTr;rk; ESypufc&aom pdwrjzpfawmhonfom/ xktcg xka,m*D\ f f d d f H f d d pdwonf oHCmawmf (\*kPawmfrsm;)ukd tmkH yvsuf ajzmifrwfaeonfomvQif jzpfayonf? okYd tpSaom f f h d aS;enf;jzifyifvQif eD0&PuGmNyD;aom a,m*Dtm; wckaomcP psmeft*FgwkYd onf jzpfay:uke\/ okdYaomfvnf; h f oHCmh*PawmfwYdk \ eufejJ cif;aMumifif;? txl;xl; tjym;jym; rsm;pGmaom *kPwYdk udk atmufarhjcif;iSg ESv;oGi; k f h f Hk f nGwui;jcif;aMumifif; tyempsmefoYdk ra&mufr Oypm&okYd omvQif a&mufaom psmefonf jzpf\/ xkoYdk Oypm& f dk f h l d okYd a&mufaom psmefonf oHCmh*Pf awmfwYdk udk tzefwvJvatmufarhonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfaomaMumifh k J f oHCmEkwd [lomvQif a&wGuac:qktyfjcif;okYd a&mufayonf/ f d tusKd;um; oHCmEkwdur|mef;ukd tm;xkwaom&[ef;onf oHCmawmf kaojcif;Say\? wky0yf f d d f jcif; Say\? o'gponfwYdk \ jyefYajymjcif;okYd a&mufay\? ESporhf 0rf;ajrmufrI jzpfjcif;rsm;ay\? aMumufz,f d f d G ab;i,f ab;BuD;ukd onf;cHEiay\? qif;&J'uwYdk udk onf;cHjcif;iSg pGr;Ekiay\? oHCmawmfEihf twlwuG ae& dk f k f d f S onf[aom trSwonmuk&ay\? oHCmh*PawmfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhroHCmEkwd\ ude;atmif; l f d k f I f &mjzpfaom xka,m*D\ uk,onf oHCmawmf pnf;a0;vsufaom OykotruoYdk ylaZmfxuay\? oHCmh*Pf d d f dS f d f hJ dk f k awmfwYdk udk &jcif;iSg pdwnw\? xkYd jyifveusL;p&m 0wKtrIEihf awGUvwfaomf oHCmawmfudk rsuarSmuf f G f G f S f
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awGUjrifaeouJoYdk xka,m*Dtm; SuaMumufrI ([d&MD owy)onf aS;Ixif\? txuf r*fzvw&m;xl;ukd h d f dk f xk;xGi; rodjim;r&jim;aomfvnf; ok*wdvQif vm;&mSay\/ d f d xk(okYd oHCmawmf kaowky0yfjcif;rSp ok*wdvQif vm;&mSjd cif;wkiatmif rsm;pGm d d f d f tusKd;Sjd cif;) aMumifaumif;aom tajrmftjrif PfynmESihf jynfpaom yk*Kd vfonf qkchJ h h Hk d onftwki; BuD;rm;aom tmEkabmfEihf jynfpaom oHCmEkwd tcgcyfor; rarhravsmh h d f S h Hk d f tm;xkwjf cif;ukd pifppfrcs yoifvygay ownf;/ um; Oa,smZOfay wnf;/ k h S ,ck jyqkcaom pum;onf oHCmEkwdur|mef; tus,jf yqkaom pum;t>rufaywnf;/ d hJ d
(oHCmEkwdur|mef; NyD;\)/ 4oDvmEkwdyGg;ykH jyqkdcsuf

215 158/ oDvmEkwd yGg;apjcif;iSg tvkaom a,m*Donfvnf; qdwNf idr&mokYd uyfa&mufvsuf d dS f tjyify tmkrsm;rSm zJcgum (ur|mef;) aumif;pGm uyfNidonfjzpf H G ]]ta[m 0w ar oDvmed tc@medig\ oDvwkYd onf aMomf rusKd;yJ Sygayukep?G d f tp'gedaMomf raygufyJ Sygayukep?G toAvmedaMomf raMumifrusm;yJ Sygayukep?G d d f d f turmomedaMomf tajymuftpGe; tuGuf rxifyJ Sygayukep?G bkZedaMomf wPSm\ f d f d uReftjzpfrS awmfveygayukep?G 0dyowmedaMomf ynmSwYdk csD;rGr;xkuygayukep?G S f f k d f d f f ty&mr|medaMomf wPSm'd|wYdk u rok;oyf rukiw,EiyJ Sygayukep?G orm"do0weumed d H d f G f dk f d f H d aMomf orm"dudk jzpfEiygayukep}G }[l dk f f ykenf;jzifh rusKd;onf\tjzpf tpSdaom *kPfwkdY\ tpGr;tm;jzifh rdr\ oDvwkYd udk tzefwvJvJ H f d atmufarhqifjciftyfue\/ xkoYdk atmufarh qifjcif&mvnf; vl0wfaMumifonf vl\ oDvwkYd udk Si&[ef; k f d f onf Si&[ef;\ oDvwkYd udk (atmufarh qifjciftyfue\)/ f k f vl\ oDvwkYd jzpfap? Si&[ef;\ oDvwkYd jzpfap tMuifoumyk'f oDvwkYd \ (odumyk'f tpOft&) tp f d aomfif;? tqk;aomfif; oDvodumyk'f wckrQaomfvnf; rysufjim;tH?h xkovwkYd onf tpGetem; pkwjf ywf H d D f aom ykq;uJoYdk rusK;rysuMf uaomaMumifh tc@ (rusK;rysuMf uonf) rnfue\/ tMuif odumyk'ovwkYd \ dk h d d k f f D tv,f oDvodumyk'f wckrQaomfvnf; rysufjim;tH?h xkovwkYd onf tv,f aygufaomykq;uJoYdk rayguf d D dk h MuaomaMumifh tp' (raygufMuonf) rnfue\/ tMuif odumyk'f oDvwkYd wif odumyk'f 2ckjzpfap? 3ckjzpfap d k f G tpOftm;jzifh wqufwnf; rysuuejf im;tH?h xkovwkYd onf trnf; teD ponfwYdk wif wyg;yg;aom tqif;Sd f k d D G aom EGm;ronf ausmufue; jzpfap? 0rf;Aku jzpfap jzpfay:vmaom tSnf t0ki;ponf ykoPmefaom k f d f d f H dS uGjJ ym;aom tqif;jzifh (aMumifusm;o)uJoYdk raMumif rusm;MuaomaMumifh toAv (raMumif rusm;Muonf) h rnfue\/ tMuifoumyk'ovwkYd onf tMum; tMum; rysufuejf im;tH?h xkovwkYd onf tqifuJG tajymuf k f d f D k d D tpufwYdk jzifh qef;Mu,faom EGm;ruJoYdk tajymuftajymuf rSMd uaomaMumifh turmo (tajymuftajymuf rSMd u h onf) rnfue\/ wenf;um; (tp tqk; ysufonfponfjzifh rcGjJ cm;yJ) omrntm;jzifh tvk;pkaom oDvwkYd k f H H H onfvnf; ckepfyg;aom arxkei,fEihf ,SOjf cif;uif;? aum" Oyem[ paom ,kwrmaom w&m;wkYd uif; f S f rESypuftyfrzsufq;tyfaomaMumifh (0gxkd w&m;wkYd \tESypuf tzsufq;rcH&aomaMumif) rusKd;rayguf d f D d f D h raMumifusm; rajymufonf rnfue\/ xkrusKd; rayguf raMumifusm; rajymufaom oDvwkYd onfyifvQif wPSm k f d \ uReftjzpfrS vGwap awmfvevGwvyfonf\ tjzpfudk yjcif;aMumifh bkZ (awmfveonfvGwvyf f S f f d S f f onf) rnfue\/ bk&m;tpSaom ynmSwYdk u csD;rGr;tyfonf\ tjzpfaMumifh 0dyow (ynmSwYdk csD;rGr;tyf k f d d f k d f onf) rnfue\/ wPSmESihf 'd|wYdk u rok;oyftyfonf\ tjzpfaMumifh wenf;tm;jzifh wpkwa,mufu ]] k f d H H t&monf oif \oDvwkYd tjypfwnf;}}[k okYd o;oyfpypjJG cif;iSg rpGr;Ekiaumif;onf\ tjzpfaMumifh ty&mr| Hk G f f d f (rok;oyftyfonf) rnfue\/ Oypm& orm"duif; tyemorm"duif; (jzpfapwwfue\)? wenf;tm;jzifh H k f dk dk k f aomfum; r*form"duaomfvnf; zkvorm"dudk aomfvnf; jzpfapwwfue\? xkYd aMumifh orm"do0weu (orm"d dk d f k f H d ukd jzpfapwwfonf) rnfue\/ k f
43
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(oDvmEkwdur|mef; NyD;\)/ 5pm*gEkwdyGg;ykH jyqkdcsuf

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44
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45
cH&aom pdwf rjzpfawmhonfom? a'go/y/ arm[ vTr;rk; ESypufc&aompdwf rjzpfawmhonfom? xktcg xkd f d d f H d a,m*D\ pdwonf pGeYf BuJay;vSLjcif;(\ *kPrsm;) ukd tmkH yvsuf ajzmifrwfaeonfomvQif jzpfayonfokYd f f h tpSaom aS;enf;jzifyifvQif eD0&PuGmNyD;aom a,m*Dtm; wckaom cP psmeft*FgwkYd onf jzpfay:uke\/ d h f okYd aomfvnf; pm**kPwYdk \ eufejJ cif;aMumifif; txl;xl;tjym;jym; rsm;pGmaom pm**kPwYdk udk atmufarhjcif;iSg f h f ESv;oGi; nGwui;jcif;aMumifif; tyempsmefoYdk ra&mufr Oypm&okYd omvQif a&mufaompsmefonf jzpf\/ Hk f f dk f h l xkoYdk Oypm&okYd a&mufaom psmefonf pm**kPwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhonf\tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfaom d f f aMumifh pm*gEk wd[lomvQif a&wGuf ac:qktyfjcif;okYd a&mufayonf/ d 218 tusKd;um; pm*gEkwdur|mef;ukd tm;xkwaom &[ef;onf pGeYf BuJay;vSLjcif; twki;xuf f d f tvGef nTwaompdwf Say\? avmbuif;jcif; vkvm;jcif; Say\? arwmbm0emtm; tavsmfudk yavhay\? f d d d dS GUH Sm;jcif;uif;vsuf &J&ifay\? ESporhf 0rf;ajrmufrI jzpfjcif; rsm;ay\? txuf r*fzvw&m;xl;ukd xk;xGi; h f d dk f d f rodjim; r&jim;aomfvnf; ok*wdvQif vm;&mSay\/ d xkd (okYd pGeYf BuJay;vSLjcif; twki;xuftvGef pdwnwui;jcif;rSp ok*wdvQif d f f G f dk f vm;&mSjd cif; wkiatmif rsm;pGmtusKd;Sjd cif;)aMumifh aumif;aomtajrmftjrif PfynmESihf d f jynfpaom yk*Kd vfonf qkconftwki; BuD;rm;aomtmEkabmfEihf jynfpaom pm*gEkwd h Hk d hJ h d f S h Hk tcgcyfor; rarhravsmh tm;xkwjf cif;ukd pifppfrcs yoifvygayonf/ um; Oa,smZOf d f k h S aywnf;/ ,ckjyqkcaom pum;onf pm*gEkwdur|mef; tus,jf yqkaom pum;t>rufaywnf;/ d hJ d
(pm*gEkwdur|mef; NyD;\)/ 6a'0wmEkwdyGg;ykH jyqkdcsuf

162/ xkrwyg; a'0wmEkwdudk yGg;apjcif;iSg tvkaom a,m*Donf t&d,r*f\ tpGr;tm;jzifh d S d dS f aumif;pGmNyD;pD; jzpfay:ukeaom o'gtpSueaom *kPwYkdEijhf ynfponf jzpf&m\/ xkoYdk jynfpNHk yD;onfraemuf f d k f f S h Hk d h S qdwNf idr&mokYd uyfa&mufvsutjyify tmkrsm;rS zJcgum (ur|mef;) aumif;pGmuyfjidonfjzpf f f H G ]]pwkr[m&mZfewfwYdk onf Sue\? wm0womewfwYdk onf Sue\? ,mrmewfwYdk d k f d k f onf Sdukef\? wkowmewfwYdk onf Sue\? edrme&wdewfwYdk onf Sue\? y&edrw0o d d k f d k f d 0wD ewfwYdk onf Sue\? yXrpsmefb jzpfueaom jA[mewfwYdkonf Sue\? xkrS d k f Hk k f d k f d txufjzpfaom 'kw,psmefbHk ponf jzpfueaom jA[mewfwYdkonf Sue\/ xkewfwYdk d k f d k f d onf tMuifoYdk oabmSaom o'gESijfh ynfpMHk uaomaMumifh vlUjynfrS pkawMuNyD;vQif xkd d h ewfb jzpfavuke\? ighrmvnf; xkoYdk oabmSaom o'gonf Say\? xkewfwYdk onf Hk f S d d d d tMuifoYdk oabmSaom oDvESihf okwESihf pm*ESihf ynmESihf jynfpMHk uaomaMumifh vlUjynfrS d h pkawMuNyD;vQif xkewfb jzpfavuke\? ighrmvnf; xkoYdk oabmSaom (o'g oDv d Hk f S d d okw pm*) ynmonf Say\}}[l d ykH enf;jzifh ewfwYdk udk oufaot&mxm; rdr\ o'gtpSaom *kPwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmuf d d f arhqifjciftyfue\/ k f okwygVdEin jyOD;tH-t*Fw&edum,f queygwf r[memrokwf S hf d h k d f ]]r[memrf tMuiftcg t&d,mom0uonf rdr\if; xkewfwYdk \if; o'g oDv d d okw pm* ynmuktzefwvJvJ atmufarh\? xktcg xkt&d,mom0u\ (oEmef) &m* d d d vTr;rk; ESypufc&aompdwf rjzpfawmhonfom}}[l a[mawmfrl (tyf) ay\/ f d d f H xkoYdk rdr\*kPEihf ewfwYdk \*kPudk nDwnrQ ItyfouJoYdk a[mjim;aomfvnf; oufaot&m xm;tyf d d f S f l D h aom ewfwYdk\ o'gtpSaom *kPrsm;ukd rdr\o'gtpSaom *kPrsm;ESihf wlnonf[k jyjcif;tusKd;iSg xkd d f d d f D
46
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47
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48
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onfum; olawmfaumif; taygif;wkdY\ ESpfodrfh0rf;ajrmuf jcif;iSg pD&iftyfaom 0dok'dr*fusrf;0,f orm"dbm0em t&m tEkwd 6yg;ukd tus,fjycsuf (qtEkwdeda'o) rnfaom 7ckajrmuf jzpfaom tykdif;tcPf;aywnf;/ tEkwd 6yg;ukd tus,fjycsuf NyD;\/
49
8-tEkwdur|meeda'o
tEkwdur|mef;ukd tus,fjyqkdcsuf 7-r&PwdyGg;ykH jyqkdcsuf
222 167/ ,cktcg a'0wmEkwd\ tjcm;rJjh zpfaom r&Pwd yGg;apykudk tus,fjy&ef tpOfus H a&mufvmayNyD/ xkr&Pwd[aom yk' r&P-aojcif;[lonfum; wckaom b0 tusKH;0ifaom toufac: d l f ZD0waÈ\ (vufyemrf tpOfoEmef rjzpfay:vmawmhy) t<uif;rJh jywfp?J oGm;jcif;aywnf;/ quf Si;jy d d dS k f J f OD;tHh-(1) &[EmwkYd \ kyemrftpOf[aom 0#fqif;&J\ vk;0rjzpfay:vmawmhyJ t<uif;rJh jywfpjJ cif;[kqtyfaom f l H dk orkap'r&P (t<uif;rJjh ywfpjJ cif; [laom aojcif;)? (2) kyemrfocFg&wkYd \ cPbif (bifcP)[k qktyfaom f d cPdur&P (bifcPESiqiaom aojcif;)? (3) opfyifaoonf? oHaoonf tpSaom pum;wkYd (ac:qktyf hf dk f d d odrwtyfaom) orKwdr&P (orKwdynwftvkd aojcif;)[laom xko;rsKd;aom aojcif;ukd r&Pwdt&m S f d Hk (r&P-aojcif; [k) tvkrStyfay (rqkvay)/ d d d dk qufO;tH-t&m tvktyfaom ZD0waÈ\ jywfpjJ cif;[laom aojcif;onfvnf; (1) umvr&P D h d dS d d (aocsdeus aojcif;)? (2) tumvr&P (aocsderusrD aojcif;)[l 2-yg; tjym;Sd\/ xkwif umvr&P f f d G onf aumif;rIu\ ukejf cif;aMumifif;? toufwrf;\ ukejf cif;aMumifif;? xkEpyg;vk;\ ukejf cif;aMumifif; H h h d S f H h jzpf\ (NyD;pD;\)/ tumvr&Ponf rlvuHudk jzpfwwfaom Oyap'uuH\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpf\/ f xkr&PwkYd wif toufytpOfudk jzpfapwwfueaom tm[m&paom taxmuftyHh taMumif;wkYd \ d G k f k f jynfpjHk cif; Saeygvsuf y#doaEudk jzpfapwwfaom rlvuH\tpGr;SorQ tusK;ay;NyD; jzpfjcif;aMumifh (0g-tusKd; h d f d d ay;Ekipr;ukejf cif;aMumif) (jzpfaom NyD;aom) aojcif;onf aumif;rIuuejf cif;aMumifh aojcif;rnf\/ *wdorwd d f G f h H k -*wd\ aumif;jrwfjynfpjHk cif; umvorw-umv\ aumif;jrwfjynfpjHk cif; tm[m&orw-tpm\aumif;jrwf h d h d jynfpjHk cif; ponfwYdk\ rSjd cif;aMumifh ,ckumv vlwYdk\ tESpw&mrQ twki;tSnf SouJoYdk aom toufwrf; h f d f d h \ ukejf cif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh (0g-toufwrf;ukeojzif) (jzpfaom) aojcif;onf toufwrf;ukejf cif;aMumifh f f h aojcif;rnf\/ xkrwyg; 'lorm&fewf uvmAkrif; ponfwYdk\ (aojcif;)uJoYdk xkcPyifvQif wnf&mrSaGUvsm d S D h d apjcif;iSg pGr;Ekiaom uHu jzwftyfaom kyemrftpOfoEmef SaomolwYdk \ (0g-uHaMumifh kyemrftpOf jywfom; f d f f d f G aom olwYdk \) tMuifaojcif;onfvnf; S\? aS;b0u ycJaom ygPmwdygwuH\ tpGr;tm;jzifh "m;ukd aqmif d h f xnfjh cif; (0g-"m;jzifh xk;jcif; ckwjf cif;) tpSaom vkyBf uHrwYdkaMumifh jywfqjJ zpfaom kyemrftpOfoEmef Saom d d I f d olwYdk \ (0g-kyemrftpOf jywfqjJ zpfaomolwYdk \) tMuifaojcif;onfvnf; S\? ESpyg;aom aojcif;onf f d f tumvr&P rnf\/ umvr&P tumvr&P [laom xkaojcif; tvk;pkuvnf; qkcNhJ yD;aom tjym;Saom d H H dk d d ZD0waÈjywfpjJ cif; r&Pjzifh odr;,ltyf\? okYd jzpf ZD0waÈ jywfpjJ cif;[k qktyfaom (r&P) aojcif;ukd d d f d d d atmufarhjcif;onf r&Pwd rnf\/ 168/ xkr&Pwdudk yGg;apjcif;iSg tvkaom a,m*Donf qdwNf idr&mokYd uyfa&mufvsuf tjyifytmkH d d dS f rsm;rS zJcgum (ur|mef;) aumif;pGm uyfNidonfjzpf G ]](r&PH b0dwd)-aojcif;onf jzpfvwH?h ZD0w`d E-,H OypZw) ZD0waÈonf d d d d d d jywfvwH}h }[l aomfif;? ]](r&PH r&PH) aojcif; aojcif;}}[l aomfif;enf;vrf;rSepm ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ enf;vrf; rSm;,Gi;pGm ESv;oGi;aomolrmrl vkvm;cspcifo\ f G Hk f f Hk f S d f l aojcif;ukd atmufarh&m pk;&dryaqG;rI-aomu jzpfwwf\ arG;onfrcifrm om;cspuav;\ aojcif;ukd d f l h d S f atmufarh&m uJoYdkyifwnf;? rvkvm;aom rke;ol\ aojcif;ukd atmufarh&m 0rf;ajrmufjcif;jzpfwwf\? &efol h d f wkYd rm &efo\ aojcif;ukd atmufarh&muJoYdkyifwnf;? rcsprrke; tv,ftvwfjzpfo\ aojcif;ukd atmufarh&m S l h f f l xdwvefYr-oHa0* rjzpfwwfay? olaoaumifzwaom okb&mZmrSm olaoaumifudk jrif&m uJoYdkyifwnf;? f I k f h rdr\ aojcif;ukd atmufarh&m xdwvefYjcif; jzpfwwf\? olowform;u ckwowf&ef "m;rk;xm;onfujdk rifvQif d f f d 223 aMumufwwfaomolrm (xdwvefYjcif; jzpfo)uJoYdk yifwnf;/ (aomujzpfjcif; tpSaom) xktvk;pkonf S f h d d H H vnf; trSw&rI-owd xdwvefYr-oHa0*ESihf qifjcifPf uif;jcif;aMumifh jzpfayonf1? xkYd aMumifh xkxdk awm f f I d
50
t&yf okefponfwYdk towfc&ol tvkvaoolwYdk udk MunfNI yD;vQif pnf;pdrcsrf;omESihf txiftSm; jynfpHk H d dk h f h ukevsuf aoMuavukeaom yk*Kd vfwYdk\ aojcif;ukvnf; qifjcifNyD;vQif trSw&rI-owd xdwvefYr-oHa0* f f d f f I ESihf qifjcifr-orZOfPfudk jzpfap ]]aojcif;onf jzpfvwH}h } tpSaomenf;jzifh ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ I d Hk f qkconftwki; (ESv;oGi;jcif;uk) jzpfapvQif oifaomtaMumif;tm;jzifh jzpfaponf rnfay\? taMumif;rSed hJ h d f Hk f d h f enf;vrf;rSef jzpfaponf[k qkv\/ rSeay\-qkconftwki; (ESv;oGi;jcif;uk) jzpfappOfyifvQif tcsKdU d dk f d hJ h d f Hk f d a,m*Dtm; eD0&PwkYd onf uGmuke\? aojcif;vQif tmkHSdaom trSw&rI-owdonfaumif;pGm wnf\? Oypm&okYd f f a&mufonfomvQif jzpfaomur|mef;onf jzpfay\/ 169/ qkconftwki; ESv;oGi;krQjzifh Oypm&okYd ra&mufao;vQif xka,m*Donf (1) olowform; d hJ h d f Hk f H d uJoYdk aS;Iuyfvsuf wnfaomtm;jzifif;? (2) jynfpjHk cif; ysufp;jcif;tm;jzifif;? (3) (aojcif;uk) teD;okYd aqmif h h h D h d aomtm;jzifif;? (4) kyu,\ ow0gtrsm;wkYd Eihf qufqaomtm;jzifif;? (5) touf\tm;enf;aom tm;jzifh h f dk f S H h if;? (6) (aojcif;\) trSwerwf rSaomtm;jzifif;? (7) toufwrf;\tyki;tjcm;jzifif;? (8) SiqcP\ f d d d h d f h f J wkawmif;aomtm;jzifif;? Spyg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh aojcif;w&m;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqif jciftyf d h f \/
(1) olowform;uJhokdY aS;Iuyfvsuf wnfaomtm;jzifhIykH

xkYd wif (1) olowform;uJoYdk aS;Iuyfvsuf wnfaomtm;jzif-[l&m tus,fum;-olowform;\ G h h aS;IteD; &yfaejcif;uJoYdk aojcif;\ aS;Iuyfvsuf wnfaejcif;tm;jzifh (atmufarhqifjciftyf\)/ csJU jyOD;tHh h -olowform;onf ]]ol\ OD;acgif;ukd jzwft}hH }[k oHvsufudk pGuiNf yD;vQif (towfc&rnfo\) vnfyif;qDoYdk J dk H h l (oefvsufu) ckwowfrnftoGijf zifh oGm;apvsuf aS;IteD; wnfbouJoYdk twlyif aojcif;onfvnf; dk f h d h aS;Iuyfvsuf wnfaeonfom[k tzefwvJvJ atmufarh qifjciftyf\/ tb,faMumifenf;[lrl ZmwdEitwl h h S hf wuG vmcJaomaMumifif;? toufudk aqmifom;wwf-aoapwwfaomaMumifif; jzpfayonf/ csUJ jytH-rIionf h h G h h d Hk (aygufvmuwnf;u) OD;xdyjf zifh ajrrIeYf udk ,lvsufomvQif aygufvmouJoYdk twlyif ow0gwkYd onf tkjd cif; h aojcif;ukd ,lvsuomvQif b0topfjzpfvmuke\? xkpum;rSeay\-,if; ow0gwkYd \ y#doaEpwonf f f d f d f jzpfcuf (Oyg'fcP)\ tjcm;rJyifvQif XD-[k qktyfaom tk&ifjh cif;okYd a&mufNyD;vQif awmifxwrS ywfMuaom dk h d d G f ausmufw;uJoYdk ,SObufcEmwkYd EiwuG ysufp;\? qkconftwki; cPdur&P (pdw\cP kyf\cPESihf Hk h f S hf D d hJ h d f f qkiaom aojcif;)onf ZmwdEitwlwuG vmcJayonf/ onfrQomruao; jzpfNyD;aom ow0gonf rcRw{uef d f S hf h f ao&jcif;aMumifh r&Pwdt&m tvktyfaom ZD0waÈ\ jywfpjJ cif;[laom aojcif;onfvnf; ZmwdEihf d dS d d S 1 twlwuGyif vmcJayonf/ xkYd aMumifh ow0gonf (y#doaEtm;jzif) jzpfaom umvrSp ykyrmjy&vQif h h H xGuNf yD;aom aeonf 0ifjcif;okYd aS;Ivsuf oGm;omvQif oGm;\? a&muf&m a&muf&m t&yfrS tenf;i,frQ aomfvnf; jyefqkwjf cif; rSouJoYdk if;? vsifaom t,Ofaom (usvmaom jrufopfuponfu) tvGevsif d h dS G f dk f pGm aqmifwwfaom awmifusacsmif;onf aSUokYd omvQif pD;oGm;ouJoYdk vdrqif; ouJoYdk tenf;i,frQaomfvnf; h hf h aemufoYdk rjyefouJoYdk if; twlyif tenf;i,frQaomfvnf; rjyefrqkwf rl aojcif;okYd aS;IvsufomvQifh oGm;ae\/ xkYd aMumifh atmufyg *gxmukd rdeYf qxm;ayonf/ dk ]]ow0gonf tMuif wckaom nOf (0g-wckaom tcsde) aS;OD;pGm trd0rf; y#d h f oaEwnfvsuf ae\? xknOfh xktcsdef rSp xkow0gonf (aojcif;qDoYdk ) csDwufvsuf d d d omvQif oGm;ae\? okYd woGm;wnf;oGm;aeaom xkow0gonf (cPrQaomfvnf;) rjyef d rqkwfacs/}} okYd woGm;wnf; oGm;aeaom xkow0gtm; aEG&moDtylejf zifh ylavmifaomaMumifh jrpfi,f acsmif; d dS ajrmif;wdYk \ ukecef;jcif;uJoYdkif;? tnm&if;okYd tpOfavQmufaom a&\ &o"mwfjzifh pGwpueaom opfo;wkYd \ f h f dk k f D eHeufumv a<uusjcif;uJoYdkif;? aqmufyw-'kwjf zifh kutyfueaom 224 ajrtk;ajrcGuwYdk \ uGysujf cif; h k f d f k f d f J uJoYdk if;? aea&mifjzifh awGUxdc&ukeaom ESi;aygufwYdk \ ysup; aysmufu,jf cif;uJoYdkif; aojcif;onfomvQif h H f f f D G h (om om) eD;uyfvsuf Sd\/ xkYd aMumifh atmufyg *gxmwkYd udk rdeYf qxm;ayonf/ dk ]]aeY nOfwYdk onf ukevef oGm;uke\? toufonf csKyfvsuf S\? jrpfi,f acsmif; h f G f d ajrmif;wkYd \ a&onf (aEG&moD waeYwjcm;) ukeom;ouJoYdk ow0gwkYd \ toufonf f G h (0g-toufiae&rnfh tcsdeumvonf) ukeom;vsuf S\/ S f f f G d
51
rSnueaom opfo;wkYd \ eHeufcif; a<uusrnfrS aMumufz,ab; SdouJhokdY xkdY hf k f D G f twlyif y#doaE tm;jzifh jzpfvmNyD;ukeaom ow0gwkYd tm; aojcif;rS (0g-ao&rnfr) f S aMumufz,ab;onf tNrJaeacs\/ G f dS tk;xde;onf\ yvkytyfNyD;aom ti,f tBuD; rD;zkwNf yD; rD;rzkw&ao;aom ajrtk; d f f f d ajrcGuf [lorQ tvk;pkonf uGysufjcif;vQif tqk;SouJoYdk xkYd twlyif ow0gwkYd \ touf H H J H d h onf ysufp;jcif;vQif tqk;Sd acs\/ D H aexGuvmjcif;aMumifh jrufzsm; ESi;ayguf (onfaoGUajcmuf uG,aysmufom;o) f f f G uJoYdk twl vlwYdk \ toufonf (aovG,f ysufv,v\)/ xkYd aMumifh uREkyudk &[ef;y h G f S f f jcif;rS rwm;jrpfygESihf rdcif/}} xkrwyg; qkconftwki; oefvsuf csDr;aeaom olowform; (onf aS;IteD; wnfaeo)uJhokdY d S d hJ h d f dk ZmwdEihf twlwuG ygvmcJaom aojcif;onf vnfyif;qDoYdk oefvsufudk oGm;apaom xkd olowform;uJoYdk S h h yif toufudk aqmifom;wwf-aoapwwfonfomvQiwnf;? raqmify-raoapyJ qkwepfonf [l rSay/ xkd G f J f d okYd ZmwdEitwlwuG vmcJaomaMumifif;? toufudk aqmifom;wwf-aoapwwfaomaMumifif; csr; xm;onfh S hf h h G h D dk oefvsufaom olowform;uJoYdk aojcif;onfvnf; aS;Iuyfvsuf wnfaeonfomwnf;? okYd jzpf qkchJ dS h dS d onftwki; olowform;uJoYdk aS;Iuyfvsuf wnfaomtm;jzifh aojcif;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmufarh qifjciftyf h d f h ayonf/ (1)
(2) jynfhpkHjcif; ysufpD;jcif;tm;jzifh IykH

170/ (2) jynfpjHk cif; ysufp;jcif;tm;jzif-[l&m tus,um;-avmu jynfpjHk cif; (orw) rnfonf h D h f d rSm ysup;jcif; (0dywd)u if;ukd rvTr;rk;rD twGi;omvQif wifw,f aumif;jrwfayonf? ysup;jcif;ukd ausmf f D f d f h f D vGe wnfaom (0g-rysufp;Ekiaom) jynfpjHk cif;rnfonfvnf; rSacs/ xkYd aMumifyifvQiff D d f h d h (ewfpnf;pdrEiwaom pnf;pdrrsm;ESihf tpk;&jcif;jzif)tvGetuJ csr;omESijhf ynfpHk f S hf l f d h f f h aom taomurif;onf ZrL'dyf (ac: tdE,) wajraxmifv;ukd tkyp;ok;aqmifvsuf uka# d Hk f dk H w&maom Opmukd ay;vSLNyD;vQif aemufq;umv qD;jzLoD;wjcrf;rQudk tpk;&aom ykiit Hk d d f S f jzpfoYdk a&mufav\/ taomu (rpk;&dr) rnfaom xk{u&mZfrif;aomfrvnf; aumif;rIuejf cif;okYd a&muf d f d S k vwfaomf xku,cEmjzifyifvQif aojcif;okYd aS;Ijzpfvsuf pk;&dryaqG;jcif;okYd a&muf&Sm d dk f h d f l avNyD/ um; oHa0**gxm 2-yk'aywnf;/ f 225 wenf;aomfum; tvk;pkaom temuif;jcif; usef;rmjcif;onf emjcif;vQif tqk;S\? tvk;pkaom H H H d H H ysKdrspfEe,f tG,aumif;jcif;onf tkjd cif;vQiftqkH;Sd\? tvk;pkaom toufijf cif;onf aojcif;vQif tqk;S\? k f H H S H d tvk;pkyifjzpfaom ow0gtaygif;ukd b0topfjzpfjcif;u tpOfvuvm\? tkjd cif;u yl;0ifysHUESYH vsuf\? emjcif; H H dk f dS u vTr;rk;ESypuf\? aojcif;u jyif;pGmykwcwf kuowfvsuf\/ xkYd aMumifh atmufyg *gxmrsm;ukd a[mMum; f d d f f d f dS awmfrayonf/ l rk;aumif;uifudk xdquvsuf jrifrm;BuD;us,ueaom ausmufawmifBuD;wkYd onf d dk f h f k f ywf0ef;usif t&yfav;rsufEmrS (SorQuk) BudwacsMuukevsuf tpOftwki; vdr vdr S d d f f d f hf hf vmukeouJoYdk f h xkYd twlyif tkjd cif;ESihf aojcif;wkYd onf rif;wkYd uif; ykPm;wkYd uif; ol<u,fwYdk udk dk dk if; olqif;&JwYdk uif; 'Ge;p@m; yef;rIuoewYdk uif; ow0gtm;vk;wkYd udk vTr;rk; ESypuf dk f d f G f dk H f d d f uke\/ f wpkwa,mufurQ raSmifrcsef tm;vk;ukyif zdEyBf udwacs\/ H dk H d dS f
52
xktjdk cif; aojcif;wkYd u ESypuf&m qifwyfwYdk\ atmifajrrS?d (jrif;wyf) &xm; d d f wyfwYdk \ atmifajrrS?d ajcvQifwyf\ atmifajrrS?d wkiyifPfur ppfx;jcif;jzifh d f dk DS dk aomfif; OpmwHp; vufaqmifx;jcif;jzifaomfif; atmifEi&efvnf; rpGr;Ekiacs/ dk dk h dk f f d f qkconftwki; toufijf cif; [laom jynfpjHk cif;rSm aojcif;[laom ysufp;jcif;vQif tqk;Sonf\ d hJ h d f S h D H d tjzpfudk yki;jcm; rSwom;onfjzpf jynfpjHk cif; ysup;jcif;tm;jzifh aojcif;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyf d f f h f D ayonf/ (2)
(3) teD;okdYaqmifaomtm;jzifh IykH

171/ (3) teD;okYd aqmifaomtm;jzif-[lonfum; aoavukeaom olwyg;wkYd Eihf twlwuG rdr\ h f S d aojcif;ukd teD;okYd aqmifaomtm;jzifh ([k qkv\)/ xkoYdk teD;okYd aqmifaom tm;jzifh atmufarh&m (u) tNcH d dk d t&Hrsm;jcif;tm;jzifif;? (c) bke;uHBuD;rm;jcif; tm;jzifif;? (*) cGetm;BuD;jcif; tm;jzifif;? (C) wefc;BuD;jcif; h f h f h dk tm;jzifif;? (i) ynmBuD;jcif;tm;jzifif;? (p) yapuAk'gtm;jzifif;? (q) ormorK' bk&m;tm;jzifif; ckepf h h h h yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh aojcif;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyf\/ tb,fokdYenf; [lrl (u) aojcif;rnfaom w&m;onf rsm;aomtausmftapm tNcHt&Hueaom rsm;pGmaom pnf;pdrOpm dS k f f ,mOf&xm;Sueaom r[morwrif; rEmwfrif; r[mok'erif; 'Vaerdrif; edrrif;paom rif;wkYd \aomfvnf; d k f d txufGUH Sm;jcif; rSyJ &J&BJ uD;omvQif usa&mufwao;\? ightay: tb,faMumifh rusa&mufyJ SacstHenf;/ d Hk h d h r[morwrif; tpSueaom rif;jrwfwYdk onf rsm;aom tNcHt&HMdS uayuke\? xkd d k f f rif;jrwfwYdkaomf rSvnf; aorif;\tvkoYdk a&mufMu&wkao;\? igokYd aom omrefy*Kd vfwYdk d H k tb,frm qkz,acstHenf; [l S d G f dS h qdconftwki; tNcHt&Hrsm;jcif;tm;jzifh (aojcif;uk) tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyfayonf/ (3k hJ h d f d u) (c) bke;uHBuD;rm;jcif;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk atmufarhqifjciftyfoenf; [lrf l aZmwduaoa|;BuD; Z#dvaoa|;BuD; O*gol<u,far@u aoa|;BuD; ykPaoa|; [laom yk*Kd vfBuD; wkYd onfif;? avmu bke;uHBuD;rm;ol[k xifm;ausmfapmukeaom f S f (temxydPf "eO, tpSueaom).tjcm; aoa|; ol<u,fwYdk onfif; xktvk;pkaom d k f d H H yk*Kd vfBuD;wkYd onf aojcif;okYd a&mufMu&avukeNf yD igokYd aom omrefy*Kd vfwYdk tb,frm k S qkz,f SacstHenf;[l d G d h qkconftwki; bke;uH BuD;rm;jcif;tm;jzifh (aojcif;uk) tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyfayonf/ d hJ h d f f d (3-c) 226 (3-*) cGetm;BuD;jcif;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk atmufarh qifjciftyfoenf;[lrf l 0goka'0rif; (if;\nDawmf) Ava'0rif; bDraoerif; ,k"|vrif; vufa0SYvufyrf;onfBuD; jzpfaom d d pmEk& ([laom cGetm;BuD;olwYdk onf) aorif;\ tvkEiioYdk a&mufMuavukeNf yD/ f d dk f H okYd pr;&nfowd cGetm;ESihf jynfpMHk uonf [l avmu ausmfapmukeaom (0gok G f f h f a'0 tpSaom) olwYdk aomfrvnf; aojcif;okYd a&mufMu &wkao;\? igokYd aom omref d S H yk*Kd vfwYdk tb,frm qkz,acs tHenf;[l S d G f dS h qkconftwki; cGetm;BuD;jcif;tm;jzifh (aojcif;uk) tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyf ayonf/ d hJ h d f f d (3-*)
53
(3-C) wefc;BuD;jcif;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk atmufarh qifjciftyfoenf; [lrdk l wefc;SiwYdk wif tjrwfq;jzpf 'kw,t*om0u jzpfawmfraom tSir[m dk f G Hk d l f arm*vmef rax&fonf odMum;rif;\ pH&m a0Z,Emjymom'fudk ajcrawmfrQjzifh wkevyapcJh f I f \/ xkrQavmuf wefc;BuD;aom tSir[marm*vmef rax&faomfrvnf; jcaoF\ cHwi;okYd d dk f S h G f 0if&aom orifuoYdk Murf;MuKwfpmaom aorif;\cHwi;okYd wefc;awmfrsm;ESiwuG 0if&wkH hJ G G f dk hf ao;\? iguJoYdk aom omrefy*Kd vfwYdk tb,frmqkz,f SacstHenf;[l h k S d G d qkconftwki; wefc;BuD;jcif;tm;jzifh (aojcif;uk) tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyf ayonf/ (3d hJ h d f dk d C) (3-i) ynmBuD;jcif;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk atmufarhqifjciftyfoenf;[lrl jrwfpmbk&m;rSwyg; SorQ tm;vk;aom ow0gwkYd \ (todPfynmwkYd onf) G d dS H tSiom&dyw&m Pfynmawmf\ wq,fajcmufpwf wpdwurQ (0g-256-pdwf wpdwf f k h d f dk ukrQ) rrSEiue/ d D dk f k f okYd PfynmBuD;awmfr yXr t*om0u jzpfawmfraom tSiom&dyw&monf l l f k (aomfrvnf;) aorif;\tvkEiioYdk a&muf&wkao;\? iguJoYdk aom omrefy*Kd vfwYdk S d dk f H H h k tb,frm qkz,acstHenf; [l S d G f dS h qkconftwki; ynmBuD;jcif;tm;jzifh (aojcif;uk) tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyf ayonf/ (3-i) d hJ h d f d (3-p) yapuAk'gtm;jzifh tb,foYdk atmufarhqifjciftyfoenf;[lr-rdr\PfEihf 0D&,\tpGr;tm; l d S d f jzifh tvk;pkaom udavom &efowYdkudk acsre; y,fzsuawmfrMl uvsuf yapuaAm"dPf okYd a&mufawmfrMl uukef H H l I f f aom wyg;wnf;om aeavhMdS uojzifh wacsmif;wnf;om aygufonfh BuHUcsKdEihf wlawmfrMl uukeaom uk,yif S f d f dk Pfjzifom opmukd odawmfrMl uojzifh o,rLrnfawmfrMl uukeaom tMuif yapuAk'gtSijf rwfwYdk onf SMd u h f uke\? xkyapuAk'gtSijf rwfwYdk aomfrvnf; aojcif;rS rvGwMf uayuke?f igonfum; (aojcif;rS) tb,frm f d S S vGwfacstHhenf;[lif;(vufaumuf ESpcwYdk\tcsif;csif xdcujf cif; tpSaom) xkxtaMumif;edrwudk f k dk d d dk d f pGrue pl;prf;qifjcifuevsuf tMuifyapuAk'gtSijf rwfwYdk onf rdrtvkvjdk zpfaom J DS k f k f d d o,rLPftpGr;jzifh tmoa0gukejf cif;okYd a&mufawmfrMl uayukef\/ f wyg;wnf;om usifavh aeavh Sjd cif;aMumifh wacsmif;wnf;om aygufonfh BuHUcsKd h ESiwawmfrMl uukeaom xkyapuAk'g tSijf rwfwYdk aomfrvnf; aojcif;ukd rausmfveEif hf l f d S G f dk Muavuke?f igokYd aom omrefy*Kd vfwYdk tb,frm qkz,acstHenf;[lif;k S d G f dS h 227 qkdcJhonfhtwkdif; yapuAk'g (tSifjrwfwkdY\ jzpfy)tm;jzifh (aojcif;uk) tzefwvJvJ atmufarh Hk d qifjcif tyfayonf/ (3-p) (3-q) ormorK'b&m;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk atmufarhqifjciftyfoenf;[lrl bkef;awmfBuD;aom tMuif k jrwfpmbk&m;onf Spq,faom vuPmi,fwYdk jzifh wefqmqiftyfueaom ok;q,fEpyg;aom r[myk&o G f k f H h S f d vuPmawmfBuD;wkYd jzifh qef;Mu,faom kyu,awmfEivnf; jynfpawmfray \? cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm; f dk f S hf h Hk l d f jzifh xuf0ef;usif pifMu,fueaom oDvtpk tpSueaom *kP&wemwkYd jzifh NyD;aom. ("rum,) w&m;uk,f k f d k f f d awmfEivnf; jynfpawmfray\? tNcHt&Hrsm;ol\tjzpf bke;uHBuD;ol \tjzpf cGetm;BuD;ol\tjzpf wefc;BuD;ol S hf h Hk l f f dk \tjzpf ynmBuD;ol\tjzpfwYdk \ (0g-tNcHt&Hrsm;jcif;...ynm BuD;jcif;wkYd \) acgifxywzufurf;okYd a&mufawmf d f rl\? wlorSaom aS;bk&m; aemifyirnfh bk&m;wkYd Eiom wlawmfr\? ydibuf wlorSay? udavomwkYd rS a0; l d G hf S hf l f l d uGmpifMu,fawmfray\? rSepm uk,yiPfjzifh odawmfray\? xkoYdkaom jrwfpmbk&m;aomfrvnf; a&t,Ofr; l f G d f dk f l d G S dk
54
(onf;xefpm) usjcif;aMumifh Nidr;avaom rD;ykBH uD;uJoYdk aojcif;[laom rk;\usjcif;aMumifh wcPcsi;yif Nidr; G f h d f f awmfrav\/ l qkconftwki; BuD;rm;aom tmEkabmf Saom jrwfpmbk&m;\ tvkEiioYdk d hJ h d f d G d dk f H tMuif aojcif;onf aMumufojzifvnf; rvku?f Suojzifvnf; rvku?f (olYtvkoYdkom h d f h d d vkuap\)/ d f Sujf cif;vnf;rSd aMumufUHG jcif;vnf;uif;aom ow0gtm;vk;ukd acsrIe;owfjzwf H f wwfaom xkoYdk aom aojcif;onf igokYd aom ow0gukd tb,faMumifh rvTr;rk; rESyf d h f d d pufyJ Swtenf;[l d Hk hH qkconftwki; ormorK'b&m; (\jzpfy) tm;jzifh (aojcif;uk) tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjcif d hJ h d f k Hk d tyfayonf/ (3-q) qkconftwki; tNcHt&Hrsm;jcif; ponfwYdk Eihf jynfpueaom tjcm;yk*Kd vfwYdk EiwuG aojcif; [laom d hJ h d f S h Hk k f S hf wlnjD cif;Sonf\ tjzpfjzifh rdru,udk (aojcif;okYd ) uyfaqmif xky*Kd vfx;wkdY\ aojcif;uJoYdk ig\vnf; d d dk f d k l h ao&jcif;onf jzpfvwH[k tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjcifaom xkd a,m*Dtm; Oypm&okYd a&mufaom ur|mef;onf h jzpf\? okYd jzpf qkconftwki; teD;okYd aqmifaomtm;jzifh aojcif;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmufarh qifjciftyfay d hJ h d f onf/ (3)
(4) kyfukd,f\ ow0gtrsm;wkdYESifh qufqHaomtm;jzifhIykH

172/ (4) kyfukd,f\ ow0gtrsm;wkYd Eihf qufqaomtm;jzifh [l&m tus,fum;- uk,onf rsm;pGm S H d f aom ow0gwkYd Eihf qufq\? aS;OD;pGmjy&vQif Spq,faom yk;rsKd;wkYd Eihf qufq\? xky;wkYd wita&yg;ukd rSD S H f d S H d dk G f aeukeaom yk;wkYd onf ta&yg;ukd cJpm;uke\? ta&xludk rS aeukeaom yk;wkYd onf ta&xludk cJpm;uke\? f d f D f d f tom;ukd rS aeukeaom yk;wkYd onf tom;ukd cJpm;uke\? taMumukd rS aeukeaom yk;wkYd onf taMumukd D f d f D f d cJpm;Muuke\? tk;ukraeukeaom yk;wkYd onf tk;ukd cJpm;Muuke\? jcifquraeukeaom yk;wkYd onf f d d DS f d d f D dk DS f d jcifqudk cJpm;uke\? xkd rdrwYdk \ae&m ta&yg;ponfwYdk omvQif aygufzm;uke\ tkue\ aouke\ usiBf uD; D f d G f d k f f usii,f pGeYf ue\? uk,onfyifvQif xky;wkYd \ om;zGm; cef;vnf; jzpf\? (oltkdkH) olemkHvnf; jzpf\? f k f d f d dk okomefvnf; jzpf\? usiBf uD; tdrvnf;jzpf\? usii,fcuvnf;jzpf\/ xkoYdk aom uk,onf xky;rsKd;wkYd \ f f G f d d f d dk ysufp;jcif;aMumifvnf; aojcif;okYd a&mufwwfonfomwnf;/ xkYd jyif Spq,faom yk;rsKd;wkYd Eihf qufqouJoYdk D h f d S H h xkYd twlyif uk,wi; jzpfueaom t&mru rsm;pGmaom aoapEkiaom a&m*gwkYd Eivnf; qufq\? aojcif;\ d f G f k f d f S hf H taMumif;jzpfueaom tjyify a>r uif; ponfwYdkEivnf; qufq\/ k f S hf H Oyrmjzifh jy&vQif vrf;av;cGq xm;aom ypfui;rSwwi tvk;pkaom t&yfrsuEmwkYd rS vmukeaom Hk G f f dk f H H f S f jrm; vSH cuf&if; ausmufponfwYdk onf usa&muf xdreueouJoYdk xkYd twlyif kyu,vnf; tvk;pkaom Oy' S f k f h f dk f H H a0g-ab;&efwYdk onf 228usa&mufue\/ ,if; Oy'a0gwkYd \ usa&mufjcif;aMumifvnf; xkus&mjzpfaom k f h d kyu,onf aojcif;okYd a&mufwwfonfomwnf;/ xkYd aMumifh jrwfpmbk&m;u atmufygtwki; a[mawmfrav f dk f G d f l onf/ ]]&[ef;wkYd omoemawmf &[ef;onf aeYue nOftcsdef a&mufvmvwfaomf k f h okYd qifjcif\-ighrm aojcif;\ taMumif;wdYk onf rsm;vSue\/ a>ronfrvnf; ighudk S k f l uku&m\? uif;NrD;aumufonfrvnf; ighudk xk;&m\? uif;ajcrsm;onfrvnf; ighudk ukuf d f l d l d &m\? xkYd aMumifh ightm; aojcif;onf jzpf&m\? xkaojcif;onf ightm; (w&m;ESv;oGi;rI\) d Hk f tE&m,fjzpf&m\/ igonf acsmfrlvnf;vJus&m\? igpm;xm;onfh tpmonfrvnf; azmuf l jyef&m\? ig\onf;ajconfrvnf;ysu&m\? ig\ovdyonfrvnf; ysu&m\? ig\ "m; l f f l f ESiwaom avwkYd onf rlvnf; ysuuef &m\? xkajcacsmjf cif;paom taMumif;aMumifh ightm; hf l f k d aojcif;onf jzpf&m\? xkaojcif;onf ightm; tE&m,fjzpf&m\-[l (qif jcif\)}}/ d
55
qkconftwki; kyu,\ ow0gtrsm;wkYd Eihf qufqaomtm;jzifh aojcif;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmuf d hJ h d f f dk f S H arh qifjciftyfayonf/ (4)
(5) touf\ tm;enf;aomtm;jzifh IykH

173/ (5) touf\ tm;enf;aomtm;jzifh [l&m tus,fum;- toufrnfonfrm tm;rSd tm;enf; S \/ xkpum;rSeay\-ow0gwkYd \ toufonf xGuouf 0ifoufEivnf; pyf\? &d,mykwwYdkEivnf; d f f S hf f S hf pyf\? tat; tylEivnf; pyf\? r[mbkwwYdkEivnf; pyf\? tm[m&ESivnf; pyf\/ xkd xGuouf0ifouf S hf f S hf hf f ponfwYdk Eihf pyfaom toufonf xGuouf 0ifoufwYdk \ tnDtrQ jzpfjcif;ukd &aomfomvQif rjywfquf S f jzpfEi\/ tjyifoYdk xGuaom ESmacgif;avonf twGi;okYd r0ifvwfaomfif;? 0ifNyD;aomavonf rxGuvwf dk f f f f aomfif; (ow0gonf) olao rnfonf jzpfavawmh\/ av;yg;aom &d,mykwwYdk \ tnDtrQ jzpfjcif;ukd f &aomfomvQif rjywfquf jzpfEi\? wyg;yg;aom &d,mykw\ (txkirsm;vGe;jcif; ponfjzif) vGeujJ cif; dk f f d f f h f aMumifh tm,kocFg& ac: toufqi&m kyf emrfwYdk onf jywfpJ oGm;uke\/ tat;ESifh tylwkdY\vnf; tnDtrQ dk f f jzpfjcif;ukd &aomfomvQif rjywfquf jzpfEi\? tvGeat;jcif;u jzpfap? tvGeyjl cif;u jzpfap vTr;rk; ESypuf dk f f f f d d f cH&aomoltm; (toufonf) azmufjyef ysup;wwf\/ r[mbkwwYdk \vnf; tnDtrQ jzpfjcif;uk&aomf omvQif f D f d rjywfquf jzpfEi\? yx0D"mwf\aomfif;? tmayg"mwf ponfwYdk wif wyg;yg;\aomfif; ysujf cif;aMumifh dk f G cGetm;ESihf jynfpaom yk*Kd vfonfaomfvnf; cufrmaomuk,onfjzpfaomfif;? 0rf;oGeaom temponf\ f h Hk d f dS f tpGr;tm;jzifh pkpwvsuf ykyaomuk,f Sonfjzpfaomfif;? jyif;pGm ylavmifjcif;u ESypuftyfonf jzpfaomf f d G f f d d d f if;? tpyftzGUJ rsm;jywfonf jzpfaomfif; toufuejf cif;okYd a&mufwwf\/ tvkyf tavGUytyfaom tm[m& k ukvnf; oifavsmaom umv &aomoltm;omvQif toufonf rjywfqufjzpf\? tm[m&ukd r&vQif touf d h f ukejf cif;okYd a&mufwwf\/ okYd jzpf qkconftwki; touf\ tm;enf;aomtm;jzifh aojcif;ukd tzef wvJvJ d hJ h d f atmufarh qifjciftyfayonf/ (5)
(6) trSwfedrdwf rSdaomtm;jzifh IykH

174/ (6) trSwerwf rSaomtm;jzifh [lonfum; (toufi&m umv ponf) tyki;tjcm; trSwf f d d d S f d f edrwf rSaomtm;jzif[k qkv\/ rSeay\-ow0gwkYd tm;d d h d dk f touf tema&m*g umv uk,aumifudk ypfcs&mt&yf vm;&rnfh *wd[aom d f l ig;yg;wkYd udk owavmu trSwerwf tyki;tjcm; rSMd uonfjzpf rodtyf-rodEiue/ f d d d f dk f k f 229 xkdig;yg;wkYd wif toufonf ]]rQomvQif SiEionf? rSaemuf rSiEi}f }[k tyki;tjcm; rSd G f dk f f kd d f jcif;aMumifh (odEiaMumif;) trSwerwf rSay/ rSeay\-ow0gwkYd onf uvva&Munf umvvnf; aoukef dk f f d d d f \? tjrKyfumv om;wpfumv wcJeufumv wvtwGi;umv ESpv ok;v av;v ig;v q,fvumv f f H vnf; (aouke\)? arG;zGm;NyD;aom umvvnf; (aouke\)? xkraemuf tESpw&m\ twGi;vnf; (ao f f d S f f uke\)? tyjzpfaom &mausmfumvvnf; aoukeonfomwnf;/ tema&m*gonfvnf; ]]temjzifomvQif f f h ow0gwkYd onf aouke\? tjcm;temjzifh raouke}f }[k tydi;tjcm; rSjd cif;aMumifh (odEiaMumif;) trSwerwf f k f dk f f d d rSday/ rSefay\-ow0gwkYd onf rsufpa&m*gjzifvnf; aouke\? em;a&m*g ponfwYdkwif wrsK;rsK;jzifvnf; ao d h f G d d h uke\/ ao&rnfh umvonfvnf; ]]eHeufyi; paom umvomvQif aoEkionf? tjcm; umv raoEki}f } f dk f d f d [k okYd tyki;tjcm; rSjd cif;aMumifh (odEiaMumif;) trSwerwf rSay/ rSeay\-ow0gwkYd onf eHeufyi; d f dk f f d d d f dk f vnf; aouke\? aeYv,fyi; ponfwYdk wif wyg;yg;vnf; (aouke\)/ uk,aumifuypfcs&m t&yfonfvnf; f dk f G f d f dk ]]aoolwkdY\ uk,aumifonf t&yfomvQifus&m\? tjcm;t&yf rus&m}}[k okYd tyki;tjcm; rSjd cif; d f d f aMumifh (odEiaMumif;) trSwerwf rSay/ rSeay\-Gm\twGi; arG;aomolwYdk \ uk,onf Gm\tyvnf; dk f f d d d f f d f uswwf\? Gm\ty arG;aomolwYdk \ (uk,onf) vnf; Gm\twGi; (uswwf\)/ xkYd twl uke; arG;ol d f f f wkYd \ (uk,onf) a& (uswwf\) a& arG;olwYdk \ (uk,onf) uke; (uswwf\)-[k rsm;aom tjym;tm; d f d f f jzifh csUJ tyf\/ vm;&m *wdonfvnf; ]] vlUjynfrS pkawaomolonf vlUjynf jzpf&m\}} ponfjzifh okYd tyki;tjcm; rSjd cif;aMumifh (odEiaMumif;) trSwerwf rSay/ rSeay\-ewfjynfrS pkawukeaom olwYdkonf d f dk f f d d d f f vlwYdkvnf; jzpfue\? vlUjynfrS pkawukeaom olwYdkonf ewfjynf ponfwYdkwif wyg;yg;aom t&yfvnf; k f f G zpfue\.? okdY tpSdaomenf;jzifh qkHvnfpuf u k f -xm;aom EGm;uJoYdk *wdig;yg; taygif; ow0gtaygif; h
56
[laom avmuonf tjyefjyef vnfvsuf S\/ um; tus,fjycsufwnf;/ qkconftwki; trSwerwf d d hJ h d f f d d rSaomtm;jzifh aojcif;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmufarh qifjciftyfayonf/ (6) d
(7) toufwrf;\ tykdif;tjcm;tm;jzifh IykH

175/ (7) toufwrf;\ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh [l&m tus,fum;-,cktcg vlwYdk \ toufSif&m d f t"GefUumvrnfonf e ;vS wkawmif;vS\? tMuifoonf Snpmtoufi\? xkoonf tESpw&m (touf nf d l f G S f d l f Sif\) tESpw&mxuf ykve tenf;i,faomfvnf; (toufi\)/ xkYd aMumifh jrwfpmbk&m;onf ]]&[ef;wkYd f d G f S f G vlwYdk \ toufonf enf;pGmwkawmif;pG? aemifwrvGeavmuokYd (rMumrDyif) oGm;&acsrnf? ukovudk yoifh d f dk f \? jrwfaom tusifudk usifoif\? b0topf jzpfNyD;aomol \ raojcif;rnfonf rSacs? &[ef;wkYd tMuifol h h h d onf SnfpGm toufSifae\? xkoonf tESpw&m (toufi\) tESpw&mxuf ykve tenf;i,faomfvnf; d l f S f f d G f (toufSif\)}}[lif;]](,cktcg) vlwkdY\ toufonf enf;vS-wkawmif;vS\? xktoufudk aumif;aom d d tajrmftjrif ynmESihf jynfpaom yk*Kd vfonf Iwcs&m\? OD;acgif;ukd rD;avmifaeaom oluhJ h Hk f okYd (vsipm) usi&m\? aojcif;\ rvmjcif;rnfonf rSacs}}[lif; a[mawmfrl ayonf/ f G hf d xkYd jyifvnf; a[mawm ronfrm- ]]&[ef;wkYd aS; jzpfb;onfrm t&u-rnfaom *kP;q&mBuD;onf f l S l S d f ScavNyD}} okYd tpSaom Oyrm ckepfrsKd;wkYd jzifh wefqmqiftyfaom tvk;pkaomokwudk csJU odtyfayonf/ d hJ d H H f xkYd jyifvnf; a[mawmfrjl yefonfrm -&[ef;wkYd tMuif&[ef;onfvnf; ]]igonf wnOfh waeYrQ toufif S S ae&rl aumif;avpG? (xkumvtwGi;) bk&m;tqk;trukd ESv;oGi;&ygrl igonf (bk&m; tqk;truk) rsm;pGm d f H Hk f H d yusi&onf pifppfjzpfav&m\}}[k okdY r&Pwdukd yGg;ap\/ &[ef;wkYd tMuif &[ef;onfvnf; 230 hf ]]igonf waeUrQ toufiae&rl aumif;avpG? (xkd waeUtwGi;) bk&m; tqk;trukd ESv;oGi;&ygrl igonf S f f H Hk f (bk&m;tqk;truk) rsm;pGm yusi&onf pifppfjzpfav&m\}}[k okdY r&Pwdukd yGg;ap\/ &[ef;wkYd tMuif H d hf &[ef;onfvnf; ]]igonf qGr;weyfpm;csdef twGi; touf Siae&rl aumif;avpG (xkumvtwGi;) bk&m; f f f d f tqk;trukd ESv;oGi;&ygrl igonf (bk&m;tqk;truk) rsm;pGmusif&onf pifppfjzpfav&m\}}[k okdY H Hk f H d h r&Pwdukd yGg;ap\/ &[ef;wkYd tMuif&[ef;onfvnf; ]]igonf qGr;av;ig;vkyudk 0g;rsKdcuf twGi; f f dk f toufif ae&ygrl aumif;avpG? (xkumvtwGi;) bk&m; tqk;trukd ESv;oGi;&ygrl igonf (bk&m;tqk;tr S d f H Hk f H uk) rsm;pGm usi&onf pifppfjzpfav&m\}}[k okdY r&Pwdukd yGg;ap\/ &[ef;wkYd 4-yg;ukeaom d hf f &[ef;wkYd udk ]]arhavsmhMuvsuf aeMuonf? tmoa0gwkYd \ ukejf cif;iSg r&Pwdudk EkUH aES;pGm yGg;apMuonf}}[l qktyfue\/ &[ef;wkYd tMuif&[ef;onfum; igonf qGr;wvkyudk 0g;rsKdcutwGi; toufiae&rl aumif; d k f f f dk f f S f avpG? (xktcku) bk&m;tqk;trukd ESv;oGi;&ygrl igonf (bk&m;tqk;truk) rsm;pGm usif&onf pifppfjzpf d d f H Hk f H d h av&m\}}[k okdY r&Pwdukd yGg;ap\/ &[ef;wkYd tMuif&[ef;onfvnf; ]igonf oi;NyD; dufxkwfae G f pOfaomfif; uxwNf yD; oi;aepOfaomfif; xktckutwGi; toufiae&rl aumif;avpG? (xktcku) d f k G f d d f f S f d d f bk&m;tqk;trukd ESv;oGi;&ygrl igonf (bk&m;tqk;truk) rsm;pGmusif&onf pifppfjzpfav&m\}}[k okdY H Hk f H d h r&Pwdukd yGg;ap\/ &[ef;wkYd 2-yg;ukeaom &[ef;wkYd udk ]]rarhravsmhyaeMuonf? tmoa0gwkYd \ f J ukejf cif;iSg r&Pwdudk xufjrufpm yGg;apMuonf}}[l qktyfue\/ um; bk&m;a[m pum;aywnf;/ G d k f okYd vQif touf\Si&m t"GeUf umvonf av; ig;vkyf pm;0g;ckuyif pdwrcsatmif wkawmif;vSacs\/ f d f f d okYd jzpf qkconftwki; toufwrf;\ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh aojcif;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjcif tyfay d hJ h d f d f onf/ (7)
57
(8) SifqJcP\ wkdawmif;aomtm;jzifh IykH

176/ (8) SiqcP\ wkawmif;aomtm;jzifh [l&m tus,um;-ow0gwkYd \ toufSifqJ cPonf f J d f y&rwtm;jzifh tvGeyif wkawmif;\? pdwwcsu\ jzpfcurQomvQif Sacs\? Oyrmjy&vQif &xm;bD;onf vdrhf f d f f dk f d aepOfom;aepOfvnf; tuGy-wul\ wpdwjf zifomvQif vdr\-oGm;\? &yfaepOfvnf; (tuGy-wul\) wpdwf G f h hf f jzifomvQif &yfwnf\? twlyif ow0gwkYd \ toufonf wckaom pdw\cPESihf ,SO\? xkpwf csKyfumrQ h f f d d yif ow0gonf csKyfonf aoonf[k ac:qktyf\/ tqkEitnD jrwfpmbk&m; a[mawmfronfrm ]]vGeNf yD; d d S hf G l S aom twdwpw\cP SicNhJ yD? Siqr[kw?f SivwHr[kw/ rvmao;aom tem*wfpw\cP SiNf yD;r[kw?f f d f f f J f h f d f Siqr[kw?f SivwHaywnf;/ taMumif;ukp jzpfqJ ypKyepw\ cP SiNf yD;r[kw?f Siqaywnf;? SivwHh f J f h d JG f d f f J f r[kwf/ toufonfif;? twabm-uk,[ac:aom emrfytaygif;onfif;? csr;omESihf d f k k f f qif;&JwYdk onfif; (twEiif; NrJonf\tjzpfEiif; ra&m,Su) oufoufo;jcm; oabm S hf S hf f D w&m;aywnf;? wckwckaompdwEihf ,SOvsuf ydivsujf zpfue\? (xktouf ponfwYdk \) f S f f k f d cPonf wkawmif; vsijf refpm jzpf\/ d G aoqJy*Kd vf\ csKyfavukeaom tMuifcEmwkYd onfif;? avmu Sivsufwnf k f f qJ yk*Kd vf\ csKyfavukeaom tMuif cEmwkYd onfif; (SMd u\)/ tvk;pkvnf; jzpfueaom f H H k f xkcsKyfavukeaom ./cEm 2-rsK;wkYd onf (csKyfjcif;ysujf cif;tm;jzif) wlue\/ csKyfysufom;NyD; d f d h k f G wkYd onf jyef pyfjcif; ay:vmjcif; rSMd uay (0g-jyef pyfjcif;-ay:vmjcif; rSyJ vk;0aysmuf d H uG,om;avuke\)/ f G f 231 rjzpfao;aompdwjf zifh jzpfonf Sionfr[kw?f jzpfqpwjf zifom Si\? (xkd f J d h f jzpfq) pdw\ ysujf cif;aMumifh ow0g[laom avmuonf aoonf rnf\? (okYd aomf J f vnf;) (wdSiaeonf okYd tpSaom) oEmeynwfonf (Siqpwu&nfaomaMumif) f d f J d f dk h trSey&rwoabm jzpfay\/ um; a[mawmfraom pum;aywnf;/ f l qkconftwki; SiqcP\ wkawmif;aomtm;jzifh aojcif;ukd tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyf d hJ h d f f J d ayonf/(8) 177/ ,ckjyqkconftwki; Spyg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd wif wyg;yg;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh tzef d hJ h d f f G wvJvJ atmufarh qifjcifaom a,m*Dtm;vnf; tzefzef ESv;oGi;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh pdwonf txku&\? Hk f f f H dk aojcif;vQif tmkaom trSw&rI-owdonf aumif;pGmwnf\? eD0&PwkYd onf uGmuke\? psmeft*FgwkYd onf H dS f f xifm;jzpfay:uke\? okYd aomfvnf; aojcif;[laom tmk\oabmw&m;jzpf jcif;aMumifif;? xdwvefYz,f S f H h f G jzpfjcif;aMumifif; tyempsmefoYdk ra&mufr Oypm& psmefoYdkomvQif a&mufaompsmefonfjzpf\? tyemokYd h l ra&mufaMumif;ukd qufSi;jyOD;tH-avmukw&m psmefonfif;? 'kw, pwkwtlypsmefwYdk onfif; oabmw&m; f h d tmkaomfvnf; bm0emtxl;(\ tpGr;tm;)jzifh tyemokYd a&mufue\/ csJUjyOD;tH-avmukw&mpsmefonf H f k f h (y#dy'gP'e) 0do'bm0emtpOf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh tyemokYd a&mufayonf.? tlypsmefonf tmkHukd k d f ausmveaom bm0em\tpGr;tm;jzifh (tyemokYd a&mufayonf)/ rSeay\ xktlypsmefrS tyemokYd a&mufNyD;om f G f f f d vQif jzpfaom psmef\tmkHukd ausmfvejf cif;rQukomvQif (yzG,) Sayonf/ r&Pwdbm0emum; (0do'd G d f d k bm0emtpOfEihf tmkudk ausmfvejf cif; wnf;[laom) xkEpyg;vk;yif rSay? xkYd aMumifh () Oypm&okYd omvQif S H G d S f H d a&mufaom psmefonf jzpfayonf/ xkoYdk Oypm&okYd a&mufaom psmefonf r&Pwd\ tm;tpGr;jzifh d f jzpfaomaMumifh r&Pwd [lomvQif a&wGuf ac:qktyfjcif;okYd a&mufayonf/ d tusKd;um;-r&Pwdur|mef;ukd tm;xkwaom &[ef;onf tNrJwrf; rarhravsmh jzpfvsuf\? f dS tvk;pkaom b0wkYd raysmrarGU NiD;aiGUaom trSwonmuk&\? touf ESpoufw,wmjcif;ukd pGeYf \? H H f f d f G f raumif;rIudk uJ&UJ avhay\? okr;odr;qnf;jcif; rrsm;rl y&du&mwkYd wyfrufrI tnpftaMu;ESihf 0efwruif; h dS d DS f dk I ay\? xk&[ef;tm; tedponmonfvnf; avhvmtyfjcif;okYd a&mufay\? xkd tedponmokYd tpOfvuaom d dk f tm;jzifomvQif 'kuonmESihf tewonmonfvnf; xifay\? r&Pwdudk ryGg;apbl;aom olwYdk onf aocg h eD; umv om;&J bDv; a>r 'jr olowform;wkYd \ kww&uf tESypufc&aomolwYdk uoYdk aMumufjcif; l f d f H hJ
58
xdwvefYjcif; awGa0jcif;okYd a&mufueouJoYdk xkYd twl (&[ef;onf aMumufjcif;ponfoYdk ) ra&mufr f k f h l aMumufjcif;uif;vsuf rawGa0yJ pkaw&\? rsufarSmufb0 trdueAmefudk tu,f rNyD;apEkivQif cEmuk,f f d d f d ysufp; aoonf rS aemuf ok*wdvQif vm;&mSay\/ D d xkd (okYd rarhravsmhjcif;rS p ok*wdvQif vm;&mSjd cif;wkiatmif rsm;pGmaom tusKd; d f Sjd cif;) aMumifh aumif;aom tajrmftjrifPfEihf jynfpaom yk*Kd vfonf qkconftwki; S h Hk d hJ h d f BuD;rm;aom tmEkabmfEihf jynfpaom r&Pwd tcgcyfor; rarhravsmh tm;xkwjf cif;ukd S h Hk d f pifppf rkcs yoifvygayownf;/ um; Oa,smZOfaywnf;/ h S ,ckqcaom pum;onf r&Pwdur|mef; tus,fjyqkaom pum;t>rufaywnf;/ dk hJ d
(r&Pwdur|mef;NyD;\)/ 8-um,*wmowdyGg;ykH jyqkdcsuf

231 178/ ,cktcg bk&m;yGiawmfr&mumvrS wyg;aomtcg rjzpfpbl;aom tvk;pkaom wdwwYdk hf l H H d \ t&mr[kwaom tMuifum,*wmowdur|mef;ukd (jrwfpmbk&m;) nTeMf um; a[mjyawmfrc\? (tb,foYdk f G l hJ enf;[lr) xkxowewYdk l d dk k f ]]&[ef;wkYd wckaomw&m;onf (olYu) yGg;apvQif tBudrrsm;pGm avhvmvQif (um, dk f \ oabmrSeudk od&) tBuD;tus,f xdwvefYjcif;iSg jzpfay\ (0g-tBuD;tus,f xdwf f f vefYjcif;ukd jzpfapwwf\)? (rsufarSmuftusKd; tpSaom) rsm;pGmaom tusKd;tvkYd ig jzpfay d S \? BuD;rm;jrifjh rwfaom a,m*wkYd \ ukejf cif;tvkYd ig jzpfay\? BuD;us,jf rifjrwfaom owd S ESiorZOfyg;&eftvkYd ig jzpfay\? 0dyemPf tjrifudk &&eftvkYd ig jzpfay\? rsuarSmuf hf G S S f b0 csr;ompGmae&jcif;iSg jzpfay\? 0dZmPfx;ok;yg; vGwajrmuf&m edAmef t&d,zkvf f l H f d wkYd udk rsufarSmufy&ef tvkYd ig jzpfay\/ wckaom w&m;[lonf tb,fenf; um,*wm S owdaywnf;/ &[ef;wkYd tMuifowYdk onf um,*wmowdudk ok;aqmifue\? xkowYdk onf l H k f d l trdueAmefudk ok;aqmif&uke\/ &[ef;wkYd tMuifowYdk onf um,*wmowdudk rok; f d H f l H aqmifue?f xkol wkYd onf trduf edAmefudk rok;aqmif&uke/ &[ef;wkYd tMuifowYdk onf k d H f l um,*wmowdudk ok;aqmiftyfNyD? xkowYdk onf trdueAmefudk ok;aqmiftyfNyD/ tMuifol H d l f d H wkYd onf um,*wmowdudk rok;aqmifb;ao;? xkowYkd onf trdueAmefudk rok;aqmifb; H l d l f d H l ao;/ tMuifowYdk tm; um,*wmowd (ryGg;&ojzif) qk;I; \/ xkowYdk tm; trdueAmef l h H H d l f d qkH;IH;\/ tMuif olwYdk tm; um,*wmowd rqk;I;? xkowYdk tm; trdueAmef rqk;I;/ H H d l f d H H tMuif olwYdkonf um,*wmowdudk cRwf,i;ap\? xkowYdk onf trdueAmefudk cRwf,i; G f d l f d G f ap\/ tMuifowYdk onf um,*wmowdudk NyD;ap\? xkowYdkonf trdueAmefudk NyD;ap\}} l d l f d [kokYd jrwfpmbk&m;onf rsm;pGmaom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh cs;usL;awmfrNl yD;vQiG D f ]]&[ef;wkdY tb,foYdk yGg;apvQif tb,foYdk tBudrrsm;pGm avhvmvQif um,*wm f owdonf rsm;aom tusKd;Soenf; rsm;aom tmedoifoenf;&[ef;wkYd omoemawmf d dS &[ef;onf awmokYd uyfa&muf jzpfap? opfyif&if;okYd uyfa&muf jzpfap? qdwNf idraom f ausmif;okYd uyfa&muf jzpfap}}okYd tpSaom enf;jzifh (1) tmemygeyki;? (2) &d,myxyki;? (3) pwkorZnyki;? (4) y#duLvreodum& d d f d f d f yki;? (5) "mwkreodum&yki;? (6-14) uk;ckaom od0xduyki;rsm;[laom 14-yki;wkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh um, d f d f d d f d f f *wmowdur|mef;ukd nTeMf um;a[mjyawmfrcayonf/ xkum,*wm owdur|mef;\ yGg;apykudk tus,fjy&ef l hJ d H tcPf;onf tpOfa&mufvmvwfayNyD/
59
xkd um,*wmowd ur|mef; (0g-xkd 14-yki; wkYd wi) &d,myxyki; pwkorZnyki; "mwkreodum& d f G f d f d f ykdif;[laom 3-yki;wkYd udk 0dyem\ tpGr;tm;jzifh a[mawmfrl (tyfue)\/ 9-ckaom. od0xduyki;rsm;ukd d f f k f d f 0dyemPfwYdk wiyifvQif tm'De0gEkyem\ tpGr;tm;jzifh a[mawmfr\/ qufqkdtHh-od0xduyki;wkYd G f f l d f wGif O'Krmwu ponfwYdk orm"dbm0emvnf; NyD;pD;jynfpEiay\? xkd orm"dbm0emukd tokbeda'o jycJNh yD; h Hk dk f omvQif jzpfayonf/ xkYd jyif xkd 14-yki;wkYd wif tmemygeyki;ESihf y#duLvreodum&yki; [laom 2-yki; wkYd udk d f G d f d f d f omvQif orm"d\ tpGr;tm;jzifh a[mawmfrl (tyfue)\/ xkd 2-yki;wkYd wi(vnf;) tmemygeyki;onf tmemyge f k f d f G f d f wd\ tpGr;tm;jzifh toD;tjcm; ur|mef;omvQif jzpfayonf/ xkYd aMumiff h ]]&[ef;wkYd wzef IywrsKd;um;-&[ef;onf (rar0 um,H O'H yg'wvm ta"m Hk auorwum wpy&d,EH yl&H emeyum& tokpaem ypa0uw) ajcz0g;tjyifrS txuf d d qHzsm;rSatmuf ta&vQif tqk;tydi;tjcm;Saom trsKd;rsKd;aom rpifrMu,f pufqyf H k f d k zG,jf zifh jynfaeaom kyu,uyifvQif qifjcif \? (qifjcifyum;) (twdro uma,) h f dk f dk Hk uk,xSMd uonfrm-qHyifwYdk onf (Sue\) tarG;wkYd onf vufonf; ajconf;wkYd onf d f J S d k f oGm;wkYd onf (Sue\) ta& (Sd\)? tom; taMum tkd; kd;wGif;jcifqD tdIY? ESv; tonf; d k f Hk tajr; tzsOf; tqkw?f tlr tlorf tpmopf tpma[mif; (OD;aESmuf)? onf;ajc ovdyf jynf d aoG; acR; tqDc?J rsuf&nf qDMunf wHaxG; ESyf tap; usifi,f (Sd \)}}[l okYd (rwv* t|draOe o*Fa[wGm) OD;aESmufudk (tk;twGi;S) k;wGi;jcifqjD zifh odr;,l (y#duL k d d f d d f f vreodum&) pufqyz,f ESv;oGi;yk\ tpGr;tm;jzifh tMuif 'Gw omum&ur|mef;ukd a[mxm;ayonf? k f G Hk f H f 'Gw omum& ur|mef;ukd t&m um,*wmowd[ tvktyfayonf/ l d dS 233 179/ xkum,*wmowd ur|mef; ,ckqrnfpum;onf ygVdtzGiudk aSUoGm;y yGg;apykudk d dk h hf H tus,jf yjcif;aywnf;/ rar0 um,H-[lonfum; r[mbkwav;yg;ukd rSaom tykyaumif kyu,udk ([k f D f f dk f qkv\)/ O'H yg'wvm[lonfum; ajcz0g;tjyifrS txuf ([k qkv\)/ ta"mauorwum- [lonfum; d dk d dk qHzsm;rSatmuf ([k qkv\)/ wpy&d,E-[lonfum; zDvm-ab;ywf0ef;usif ta&jzifh yki;jcm;vsufaom d dk H d f dS ([k qkv\)/ yl&emeyum& tokpaem ypa0uw-[lonfum; uk,onf trsKd;rsKd;aom qHyif tpSaom d dk H d d d f d rpifrMu,f pufqyz,jf zifh jynfvsuf S\[k I\ ([kqv\)/ tb,fokdY Ioenf; uk,x SMd uonfrm k f G h d dk dk d f J S qHyifwYdk onf (Sue\) tarG;wkdYonf/y/ usifi,f (Sd\)[k(I\)/ d k f xkdIykHygXf twd-[lonfum; Sue\([k qkv\)/ ro[onfum; tMuifu,udk ajcz0g;rS d k f d dk l dk f txuf qHzsm;rS atmuf ta&vQif tqkH;tykdif;tjcm; Sdonf[lif;? trsKd;rsKd;aom rpifrMu,f pufqyz,f k f G jzifh jynfaeonf [lif; a[mtyf-qkd tyf xku,1 ([k qkvdk \)/ uma,-[lonfum; (o&Da&) uk, ([k h d dk f d d f qkv\)/ rSeay\-uk,aumifudk pufqyz,f taygif;tpk jzpfaomaMumifif;.. pufqyz,f jzpfueaom qHyif d dk f d f k f G h k f G k f ponfwYdk \if;? rsufpa&m*gtpSueaom t&mrursm;pGmaom a&m*gwkYd \if; jzpf&mjzpfaomaMumifif; um, d d k f h [k ac:qktyfayonf/ qHyifwYdk onf tarG;wkYd onf tpSaom pum;jzifh ]]qHyif tpSueaom 32-yg;aom d d d k f tjcif;t&mtzkYd tpkwYdk onf (Sue}f }[k qkv\)/ xkqyifwYdk onf tpSaom yk'wYdk ]]uk,x qHyifwYdk onf d k d dk d H d f d f J Sdukef\? uk,x tarG;wkYd onf Sue\}} okYd ponfjzifh (0g-ykH enf;jzif) qufpyfjcif;ukd odtyf\/ d f J d k f h ajcz0g;tjyifrp txuf qHzsm;rSp atmuf ta&yg;rSp zDvm ywf0ef;usif[aom rQtwki; S l d f tSnaom wvHrQavmufaom uk,x cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh pl;prf;SmazGaomfvnf; wpkH f dS d f J d f wa,mufaom olonf wpkwckaom ykvuaomfif;? ywjrm;ukaomfif;? ausmufrsufuaomfif;? tausmfudk H J dk d JT dk aomfif;? ukuruaomfif;? ykyuaomfif;? tck;txktrIeYf ponfuaomfif; tPkjrLrQaomfvnf; pifMu,faom lF H dk f dk d H dk oabmukd rawGUrjrif&? pifppfaomfum; tvGeyyneapmf usufoa&rJh jrifui; Saom trsKd;rsKd;aom qHyif f k f D H G f d tarG; ponf tjym;Saom rpifrMu,f pufqyz,uomvQif awGUjrif&\/ xkYd aMumifh ]]uk,x SMd uonfrm d k f G f dk d f J S qHyifwYdk onf/y/ usifi,f (S\)}}[l a[mawmfrlayonf/ onfum; um,*wmowd ur|mef;ygVd aS; d aemuf yk'wYdk\ qufpyfytm;jzifh zGijhf ycsuaywnf;/ f Hk f
60
um,*wmowdur|mef;,lykH
180/ um,*wmowdur|mef;ukd yGg;apjcif;iSg tvkaom tm;xkwcgp trsKd;aumif;om;onf qkcNhJ yD; d dS f d aom tjym;Saom rdwaqGaumif;q&mukd csOf;uyf ur|mef;ukd oif,tyf\/ xkoif,aom wynftm; d f l d l h ur|mef;ukd a[mMum; oifjyaom q&monfvnf; ckepfyg;tjym;tm;jzifh (O*[ aumovac:) oif,r uRr; l I f usifaMumif; tpDt&ifuif;? q,fyg;tjym;tm;jzifh (reodum&aumov ac:) ESv;oGi;rI uRr;usiaMumif; dk Hk f f f tpDt&ifuif; ajymMum;tyf\/ xkEpyg;wkYd wif eIwjf zifh pdwjf zifh tqif;tm;jzifh ykoPmeftm;jzifh t&yfrsufEm dk d S f G H S tm;jzifh wnf&mtm;jzifh tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh [l ckepfyg; tjym;tm;jzifh O*[aumovudk ajymMum;tyf\/ d f
O*[aumovukd ajymMum;ykH
ajymMum;ykrm-y#duLvreodum&ur|mef; yd#uwfo;ykaqmifyif jzpfjim;aomfvnf; xka,m*Donf H S Hk H d ESv;oGi;aom umv aS;OD;pGm EIwjf zifwqjdk cif;ukd ytyf\/ tusKd;um; tcsKdUyk*Kd vftm; GwqaepOfyifvQif Hk f h G f f dk ur|mef;onf xifm;ay:wwf\? rv,t&yf oDwif;ok;avhaom r[ma'0 rax&f\xH ur|mef;,lMuaom S H dS rax&f 2-yg;wkYd tm; xifm;ay:ouJoYdk yifwnf;/ 234 wqifMh um; bl;onfrm-r[ma'0rax&fonf rdrxrS S h S d H ur|mef;awmif;Muaom xkrax&f 2-yg;wkYd tm; ]]av;vywfv; ygVdudk GwqaeMuav}}[k 'Gwomum&ygVdudk d Hk f dk ay;vku\/ xkrax&f 2-yg;wkYd rm edum,f ESpapmif EIwwufaus>yef aeMuaomfvnf; kaoav;jrwfpm em,lavh d f d S f f d G SMd uaomaMumifh 'Gwomum&ukd av;vywfv; GwqMdk upOfyif aomwmyef jzpfMuavuke\/ xkYd aMumifh Hk f f ur|mef;ukd a[mMum;nTejf yaom q&monf ]]EIwjf zifh Gwqjdk cif;ukd aS;OD;pGm yaeyg}}[k wynftm; ajymMum;tyf f h ayonf/
EIwfjzifh GwfqkdykH
Gwqjdk cif;ukd yaom a,m*Donfvnf; wpyOu (ta&vQif ig;ckajrmufaom tyki;) ponfwYdk udk yki; f dS d f d f jcm; tEkvy#dvHk (tpOfvuf tjyef)wkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh Gwqjdk cif;ukd ytyf\/ csJUjytHhHk dk f f ]]qHyif tarG; vufonf; ajconf; oGm; ta&}}[k tpOfvuf tEkvtm;jzifh GwqNdk yD;vQif wzef tjyefdk Hk f y#Dvrtm;jzifh ]]ta& oGm; vufonf; ajconf; tarG; qHyif}}[k Gwqtyf\/ (wpyOu) Hk f dk xk\tjcm;rJh 0uyOu (tdYI vQif ig;ckajrmuf Saomtykdif;) ]]tom; taMum tkd; kd;wGif;jcifqD tdIY}} d d [k GwqNdk yD;vQif wzef y#dvtm;jzifh ]]tdYI k;wGi; jcifqD tk; taMum tom; ta& oGm; vufonf; ajconf; f Hk d f d tarG; qHyif}}[k &Gwqtyf\/ f dk xkYd aemif yygoyOu (tqkwvQif ig;ckajrmuf Saomtyki;) ]]ESv; tonf; tajr; tzsOf; tqkw}f }[k f d d f Hk GwqNdk yD;vQif wzef y#dvtm;jzifh ]]tqkwf tzsOf; tajr; tonf; ESv; tIYd k;wGi;jcifqD tk; taMum f Hk Hk d f d tom; ta& oGm; vufonf; ajconf; tarG; qHyif}}[k Gwqtyf\/ f dk xkYd aemif rwv*yOu (OD;aESmufvQif ig;ckajrmufaom tydi;) ]]tlr tlorf tpmopf tpma[mif; k F dS k f d OD;aESmuf}}[k GwqNdk yD;vQif wzef y#dvtm;jzifh ]]OD;aESmuf tpma[mif; tpmopf tlorf tlr tqkwf tzsOf; f Hk d tajr; tonf; ESv; tdYI k;wGi;jcifqD tk; taMum tom; ta& oGm; vufonf; ajconf; tarG; qHyif}}[k Hk d f d Gwfqkdtyf\/ xkYd aemif ar'qu (tqDcvQif ajcmufcajrmufaom tyki;) ]]onf;ajc ovdyf jynf aoG; acR; tqDc}J } J k dS d f [k GwqNdk yD;vQif wzef y#dvtm;jzifh ]]tqDcJ acR; aoG; jynf ovdyf onf;ajc OD;aESmuf tpma[mif; tpmopf f Hk tlodrf tlr tqkwf tzsOf; tajr; tonf; ESv; tdYI k;wGi;jcifqD tk;taMum tom; ta& oGm; vufonf; Hk d f d ajconf; tarG; qHyif}}[k Gwqtyf\/ f dk xkYd aemif rkwqu (usifi,fvQif ajcmufcajrmuf Saom tyki;) ]]rsuf&nf qDMunf wHaxG; ESyf tap; k d d f usifi,f}}[k GwqNdk yD;vQif wzef y#dvtm;jzifh ]]usifi,f tap; ESyf wH axG; qDMunf rsuf&nf tqDcJ acR; aoG; f Hk
61
jynf ovdyf onf;ajc OD;aESmuf tpma[mif; tpmopf tlorf tlr tqkwf tzsOf; tajr; tonf; ESv; tdUI d Hk k;wGi; jcifqD tk; taMum tom; ta& oGm; vufonf; ajconf; tarG; qHyif}}[k Gwqtyf\/ d f d f dk 235 qkconftwki; tBudrw&m tBudrwaxmif wBudrwode;aomfvnf; EIwjf zifh Gwqjdk cif;ukd d hJ h d f f f f f f ytyf\/ tusKd;um;-EIwjf zifh Gwqjdk cif;aMumifh ur|mef; tpOfonf aus>yef\? pdwonf xkrS rS (0g-xkxdk f f d d t&yfoYdk ) rajy;oGm;awmhay? qHyif paom aum|mowkYd onf xifm;uke\? vufacsmif;rsm; tpOfuoYdk if;? S f hJ 0if;x&Hajc tpOfuoYdk if; xifay:uke\/ (1) hJ f
pdwfjzifh GwfqkdykH
EIwjf zifh Gwqjdk cif;uJoYdk xkYd twl pdwjf zifh Gwqjdk cif;-ESv;oGi;jcif;ukvnf; ytyf\/ tusKd;um;EIwjf zifh f h f Hk f d Gwqjdk cif;onf pdwjf zifh Gwqjdk cif; -ESv;oGi;jcif;tm; aus;Zl;y\? pdwjf zifh ESv;oGi;jcif;-Gwqjdk cif;onf f f Hk f Hk f f tokbvuPmukd xk;xGi;odjcif;-oabmaygufjcif;tm; (0g-pufqyz,oabmukd rSwEijf cif;tm;) aus;Zl;y d f k f G f f dk ay\/ (2)
tqif; ponfjzifh ykdif;jcm;ykH

tqif;tm;jzifh-[lonfum; qHyif ponfwYdk\ tqif;ukd yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ (3) d f f ykoPmeftm;jzif-[lonfum; xkd qHyif ponf\yifvQif ykoPmefudk yki;jcm;rSwom; tyf\/ (4) H h H d f f t&yfrsuEmtm;jzif-[lonfum; uk, csufrtxufyi;onf txuft&yfrsufEmrnf\? atmuf f S h d f S dk f S yki;onf atmuft&yfrsufEm rnf\? xkYd aMumifh ]] aum|moonf rnfaom t&yfrsufEm (wnfdS \)}}[k d f S S t&yfrsufEmukd yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ (5) S d f f wnf&mtm;jzif-[lonfum; ]] aum|moonf rnfaom t&yf wnf\}}[k ykH enf;jzifh xkxdk h d aum|mo\ wnf&mt&yfudk yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\/ (6) d f f tyki;tjcm;tm;jzif-[lonfum; tyki;tjcm;wkYd onf rdr\tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;jcif; (obm*y&dap') tjcm; d f h d f d d f tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;jcif; (0dobm*y&dap') [l 2-yg; Sdukef\/ xkdwGif ]]aum|moukd atmufif; txufif; d f zDvmywf0ef;usifif; rnfaom t&yfjzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf}}[l ykenf;jzifh obm* y&dap'ukd d f d H odtyf\/ ]]qHyifwYdk onf tarG;r[kwue?f tarG;wkYd onf vnf; qHyifr[kwue}f } [l ykH enf;jzifh ra&maESm f k f k jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh 0dobm*y&dap'ukd odtyf \/ (7) f rQomruao;-,ck jyqkconftwki; ckepfyg;tjym;jzifh O*[aumovudk ajymMum;aom q&monf d hJ h d f um,*wmowdur|mef;ukd rnfaomokw y#duLv-pufqyz,f ESv;oGi;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh a[mxm; f k f G Hk f f onf? rnfaom okw "mwf\tpGr;tm;jzifh (a[mxm;onf)[k odem;vnf ajymMum;tyf\/ csJUjytHh- f f um,*wm owdur|mef;ukd r[mowdy|meokw y#duLv\ tpGr;tm;jzifomvQif a[mxm;ayonf/ f f h r[m[wdya'gyrokwf r[m&m[kavm0g'okwf tbd"rm "mwk0bif;ESihf Oy&dyPmo "mwk0b*FowwYdk d d k f "mwf\tpGr;tm;jzifh a[mxm;ayonf/ Oy&dyPmoum,*wmowdowrlum; tMuify*Kd vftm; tqif;tm;jzifh f k f k xif\? xky*Kd vfudk &nf psmef 4-yg;wkYd udk a0befa[m Mum;xm;ayonf/ xkwif "mwf\ tpGr;jzifh a[mxm; d k d G f aom ur|mef;onf 0dyemur|mef; aywnf;? y#duLv\tpGr;jzifa[mxm;aom ur|mef;onf orxur|mef; f h aywnf;/ xkum,*wmowdow vmaom 'Gwomum& ur|mef;onf um,*wm owdt&m d k f orxur|mef; omvQif jzpfayonf/ wGif O*[aumov ajymMum;ykNH yD;\/
62
reodum&aumovukd ajymMum;ykH
236 181/ qkconftwki; ckepfyg; tjym;jzifh O*[aumovudk ajymMum;NyD;vQif (u) qHyif tarG; d hJ h d f tpSaom tpOftm;jzif?h (c) rjrefve;aomtm;jzif?h (*) raES;vGe;aomtm;jzif?h (C) ysUH vGijhf cif;ukd jrpfaomtm; d G f f jzif?h (i) qHyif tpSaom trnfynwfudk ausmfveaomtm;jzif?h (p) tpOftwki; rxifonfudk vTwaomtm; d G f d f f jzif?h (q) tyemtm;jzifh (Z?ps?n) ok;yg;ukeaom okwewYdk [l q,fyg;tjym;tm;jzifh reod um&aumov H f f ukd ajymMum;tyf\/ xkdwGif(u) qHyif tarG; tpSaom tpOftm;jzif[lonfum; um,*wmowdur |mef;ukd (tm;xkwaom d h f a,m*Donf) Gwqjdk cif;ukd yonfrp qHyif tarG; tpSaom tpOfjzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\? wckausmtm;jzifh ESv; f S d Hk f f Hk roGi;tyf/ tjypfum;-wckausmftm;jzifh ESv;oGi;vQif Oyrmtm;jzifh rvdrmaom a,musm;onf 32-xpfaom f Hk f f dS avSum;ukd wxpfausmjf zifh wufvQif uk,yifyef;onfjzpf vdruswwf \? wufrudk rNyD;apEkdifyJ Sdwwf\? xkYd d f hf I twlyif bm0emjynfponf\ tpGr;jzifh &oif&xkuaom om,mzG,udk r&jcif;aMumifh pdwyifyef;onfjzpf h Hk f h d f f f (bm0emtvkyr) uswwf\? bm0emukd rNyD;ap EkiyJ Swwf\/ f S d f d (c) tpOftwki; ESv;oGi;aom a,m*Donfvnf; rjrefve;aomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ tjypfum;d f Hk f G f Hk f jrefve;aomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;aom a,m*Dtm; Oyrmtm;jzifh ok;,lZemSd c&D;ukd oGm;aomolrm oGm;oifh roGm; G f Hk f H S oifaom t&yfudk rrSwr vsiaomt[kejf zifh tBudrw&mwkiatmif oGm;jcif;jyefjcif;ukd yaomfvnf; c&D;um; h f l f f d f ukeq;jcif;okYd a&mufay\? okYd aomf (oGm;wki; oGm;wki;) ar;omvQif oGm;&\? xkYd twlyif ur|mef;onf f Hk d f d f tqk;okYd a&mufrQ oufoufomjzpf\? xifm;onfum;rjzpf? w&m;xl;ukd raqmifEi/ xkYd aMumifh rjrefve;aom H Hk S dk f G f tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ Hk f (*) rjrefve;aomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyfouJoYdk xkYd twl raES;vGe;aom tm;jzifvnf; ESv;oGi;tyf\/ G f Hk f h f h Hk f tjypfum;-aES;vGe;aomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;aom a,m*Dtm; Oyrmtm;jzifh ok;,lZemSd c&D;ukd xkaeYcsif;yifvQif f Hk f H d (a&mufatmif) oGm;vkaomoltm; vrf;ckvwfwif opfyif awmif qnfuef ponfwYdk zifEaeygrl c&D;onf d G h JG NyD;qk;jcif;okYd ra&muf? ESp&uf ok;&ufjzifNh yD;qk;ap&\? xkYd twlyif ur|mef;onf tNyD;tqk;okYd ra&mufyJ Swwf H f H H H d \? w&m;xl;ukd &jcif;\taMumif; rjzpfyJ Swwf\/ d (C) ysUH vGijhf cif;ukd jrpfaomtm;jzif- [lonfum; ur|mef;ukd pGeYf vw tjyifty jzpfaom trsKd;rsKd;aom h T f tmkH pdw\ ysUH vGijhf cif;ukd wm;jrpftyf\/ tjypfum;-rwm;jrpfaomoltm; Oyrmtm;jzifh ajcwz0g;pm eif; f avmufaom urf;yg; jywfvrf;ukd oGm;aom a,musm;tm; eif;aomajcukd (0g-ajceif;uGuu) aumif;pGm trSwf f f dk ryrl xkrrS arQmfMunfvwfaomf ajcvSr;rSm;wwf\? xkYd aMumifh tolw&meufaom urf;yg;jywf usom;av d S h f G &m\? xkYd twlyifvQif tjyifytmk ysHUvGivwfaomf ur|mef;onf qkw,w\ aysmufysu\? xkYd aMumifh H hf f k f f ysUH vGijhf cif;ukd jrpfaomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ Hk f 237 (i) ynwfudk ausmveaomtm;jzifh [lonfum; qHyif tarG; tpSaom trnfynwfudk ausmf f G f d vGe pufqyz,[k pdwudk xm;tyf\/ Oyrmtm;jzifh jy&vQif a& &cJaomumv vlwYdkonf awmxJ a&wGi; f k f G f f f ukd awGU& xkt&yf xef;GutpSaom wpkwckaom trSwtom;ukd zGUJ csnf xktrSwtom;jzifh vmMu d f d H f d f a&vnf; csK;Mu\? aomufvnf;aomufMu\? xkvwYdktm; rMumcP oGm;jcif;aMumifh toGm;tjyef ajc&mvrf; d d l xifm;aomtcg xktrSwtom;jzifh yzG,up rSawmhNyD? tvkdS wki;aom cP oGm;Mu csKd;vnf; csKd;Mu\ S d f f d d d d f aomufvnf; aomufMu\? xkYd twlyif aS;tzkYd qHyif tarG;tpSaom trnfynwfjzifh ESv;oGi;aoma,m*D d Hk f tm; pufqyz,tjzpfonf(tMuiftcg) xifm; \? xktcg (xka,m*Donf) qHyif tarG;tpSaom trnf k f G f S d d d ynwfudk ausmfve pufqyz,tjzpf omvQif pdwuxm;tyfayonf/ G f k f G f f dk (p) tpOftwki; (rxifonfu) vTwaomtm;jzif- [lonfum; tMuiftMuif aum|moonf rxif? xkd d f dk f h xkaum|moukd vTwonfjzpf tpOftwki; (rxifonfu) vTwaomtm;jzihf ESv;oGi;tyf\/ csJUjytHh-tm; d f d f dk f Hk f xkwcgp a,m*Dtm; qHyif[k ESv;oGi;vQif ESv;oGi;rIonf (EIwwuf& aeonftwki;) oGm; usifi,f[l f Hk f Hk f f h d f aom tqk;aum|mookYd omvQif qkuwnf\? usifi,f[vnf; ESv;oGi;jyefvQif ESv;oGi;rIonf H d f l Hk f Hk f y#dvtm;jzifh oGm; qHyif [laom tpaum|mookYd omvQif qku wnf\/ xktcg xka,m*Dtm; ESv;oGi; Hk d f d d Hk f pOf ESv;oGi;pOf tcsKUd aum|mowkYd onf xifue\? tcsKdU aum|mowkYd onf rxifue/ xka,m*Donf xifuef Hk f k f k f d k
63
xifueaom xkxaum|mowkYd omvQif ESv;oGi;jcif; trIudk ytyf\? (tb,frQ wkiatmifenf;[lr) ESpck k f d dk Hk f d f l f ukeaom aum|mowkYd om xifMuonfwiatmif xkEpcwYdkwivJ wckonf omvGe xifonfwiatmif (ESv; f dk f d S f k G f f dk f Hk oGi;jcif;ukd ytyf\)/ okYd omvGe xifaom xkwckaom aum|moukomvQif tzefwvJvJ ESv;oGi;onf f f d d Hk f jzpf tyempsmefudk jzpfaptyfayonf/ xkoYdk ESv;oGi;&m onfum; Oyrmaywnf;? xef; 32-yifaom xef;awmaeaom arsmufudk zrf; d Hk f dS ,lvaom rkq;onf tpwnfaom xef;yif\tGuudk jrm;jzifypf [pfatmf acsmufveYf jcif;ukd y&m\? xkdtcg dk dk f h S xkarsmufonf tpOftwki; xkxdk xef;yifoYdk ckeom; tpGeq; xef;yifoYdk omvQif a&mufav&m\/ xkxef;yif d d f d f G f Hk d vnf; oGm; rkq;onf xkYd twlyifjrm;jzifh ypf atmf[pf acsmufveYf jcif;ukd yvQif wzef xkenf;jzifyifvQif dk S d h tp-xef;yifoYdk jyefvm&m\? xkarsmufonf enf;jzifh tzefwvJvJ tpGr;ukef ckeom;aptyfonfaomf [pf d f f G dS atmf&m [pfatmf&m t&yfomvQif x tpOftwki; wckaom xef;yifoYdk ckeom; xkxef;yif\ tv,f d f f G d xef;Guf zl;wefudk NrJpmukivsuf jrm;jzifh ypftyfaomfvnf; rxyJ Sav&m\? cxkqcaom ESv; oGi;ykudk G d f d d dk hJ Hk f H OyrmESitwlyif jzpfonf[k rSwtyfay \/ hf f xkOyrm ,ck qkrnfpum;onf OyrmESihf Oyar,s ES;aESmykaywnf;? xef;awm 32-ckaom xef;yifwYdk d d h D H uJokdY ukd,fxJ 32-yg;aom aum|mowkYd udk (rSwtyf\)? arsmufuoYdk pdwudk (rSwtyf\) ? rkq;uJoYdk a,m*D h f hJ f f dk h ukd (rSwtyf\)? xef; 32-yifaom xef;awm arsmuf\ aejcif;uJhokdY 238 32-aum|moSaom uk, tmkH y f dS d d f aomtm;jzifh a,m*D\pdwf tzefzefjzpfjcif;-usupm;aejcif;ukd (rSwtyf\)? rkq;utp wnfaom xef;yif\ f f dk tGuudk jrm;jzifh ypf [pfatmfacsmufveYf tyfaomf arsmufonf xkxxef;yifoYdk ckeom; tpGeq;xef;yifoYdk f S d dk f G f Hk a&mufjcif;uJoYdk a,m*Donf qHyif[k ESv;oGi; pyvkuvQif tpOftwki;oGm; tqk; aum|moomvQif p f h Hk f d f d f H w d \ wnfjcif;ukd (rSwtyf\)? wzefjyefvm&mvnf; enf; twlyifwnf;/ tzefwvJvJ tpGr;ukef ckeom;ap f f f G tyfonfaomf [pfatmf&m [pfatmf &m t&yfomvQif arsmuf\ xjcif;uJoYdk tzefzef ESv;oGi;aom a,m*D dS h Hk f tm; tcsKYd tcsKYd aum|mowkYd om xifuevwfaomf rxifaomaum|mowkYd udk pGeYf vw xifaom aum|mowkYd k f T f ukom (tm;xkwp bm0em [laom) y&duudk yjcif;ukd (rSwtyf\)? tpOftwki; (aemufq;rSm) wckaom d f H f d f Hk xef;yifoYdk ckeom; xkxef;yif\ tv,f xef;Guz;wHudk NrJpmukivsuf jrm;jzifh ypftyfaomfvnf; rxjcif; f G d f l G d f uJhokdY aemufqkH; aum|moESpcwYdk xifMu&mwGif om xifaom aum|moukomvQif tzefwvJvJ ESv;oGi; f k d Hk f tyempsmef jzpfapjcif;ukd (rSwtyf\)/ f tjcm; Oyrmwckum; - 32tdraom Gmukd rSaeaom qGr;cH &[ef;onf yXrtdryifvQif ESptrpm f dS D f f f d f qGr;uk&vQif aemuf wtdrrqr;ukd pGeYf vw&m\? wzef aemufwaeY (wtdrwnf;rS) ok;tdrpm qGr;uk& f d f S G f T f f H f f d vQif aemuf 2-tdrrS qGr;ukd pGeYf vw&m\? wwd,aeY tptdrrmyif oydwjf ynfh atmif&vQif (tjcm;tdrrsm; f f T f f S f okYd roGm;awmhy) qGr;pm;Z&yfoYdk oGm; bkO;ay;&mouJoYdk xkqcaom ESv;oGi;ykudk OyrmESihf twlyifjzpf J f f h d dk hJ Hk f H onf[k rSwtyfay\/ f OyrmESihf Oyar,s ES;aESmykum;-32 tdrfSdaom GmuJhodkY 32-yg;aom aum|moukd (rSwtyf\)? qGr;cH D H f f &[ef;uJoYdk a,m*Dudk (rSwtyf\)? xkmukrvsuf xk&[ef;\ aekjcif;uJoYdk 32-aum|mo a,m*D\ y&duH y h f d G d DS d h jcif;ukd (rSwtyf\)? yXrtdr ESptrpm qGr;ukd & aemuf wtdrrS qGr;ukd pGeYf jcif; uJoYdk if;? 'kw,aeY f f f d f f f f h d ok;tdrpm qGr;uk& aemuf ESptrrqr;wkYd udk pGeYf jcif;uJoYdk if; ESv;oGi;aepOf rxifonfwYdk udk pGeYf xifaom H f f d f d f S G f h Hk f aum|mowkYd wif aum|moESpcwiatmif y&duH yjcif;ukd (rSwtyf\)? wwd,aeY tptdrrmyifvQif oydwf G f k dk f f f S jynfatmif& (tjcm;tdrrsm;okYd roGm;awmhy) qGr;pm;Z&yfoYdk (oGm;jyD;vQif xkZ&yf) xki bkO;ay;jcif;uJoYdk h f J f d d f f h ESpcaom aum|mowkYd wif omxifaom aum|moukomvQif tzefwvJvJ ESv;oGi; tyempsmefudk jzpfap f k G d Hk f jcif;ukd (rSwtyf\)/ f (q) tyemtm;jzifh [l&m tyem\jzpf&m aum|motm;jzifh qHyif ponfwYdkwif wckcaom aum|mo G k tyemjzpfonf[k odtyf\? onfum; qkv&if; jzpfonf/ d dk (Z?ps?n) ok;yg;ukeaom okwewYkd -[l&m t"dpwowf oDwbm0okwf aAmZ*F aumovow[aom H f f d k d k f l ok;yg;ukeaom okwewYdk udk 0D&,ESihf orm"dudk ,SOjf cif;tusKd;iSg odtyfue\? onfum; qkv&if; H f f d k f d dk aywnf;/xdwik G f
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239 ]]&[ef;wkYd (t"dpwrnfaom) vGeux;jrwfaom orx0dyempdwudk tm; d f J l f xkwaom &[ef;onf ok;yg;aom edrwwYdk udk (oifavsmfaom) &Hzef &Hcg ESv;oGi; tyfue\? f H d f h Hk f k f &Hzef &Hcg (0D&,[laom) y*[edrwudk (0g-0D&,\taMumif;tmk[aom) y*[edrwudk ESv; d d f d H l d f Hk oGi;tyf\? &Hzef&H cg (Oayum[laom) Oayumedrwudk (0g-Oayum\taMumif; tmk[aom) f d f H l Oayumedrwudk ESv;oGi; tyf\/ &[ef;wkYd vGeux;jrwfaom orx0dyem pdwutm; d f Hk f f J l f dk 1 xkwaom &[ef;onf worwfwnf; orm"derwuomvQif tu,f ESv;oGi;jim;tH?h xkd f d d f dk Hk f bm0empdwonf ysi;&djcif;iSg jzpf&maom taMumif; (Say\)/..... worwfwnf; y*[edrwf f f d d ukomvQif tu,f ESv;oGi;jim;tH?h xkbm0empdwonf ysHUvGihf jcif;iSg jzpf&maomtaMumif; d Hk f d f (Sday\)/.... worwfwnf; OayumedrwuomvQif tu,f ESv;oGi; jim;tH?h xkbm0empdwf d f dk Hk f d onf tmoa0gw&m;wkYd ue&eftwGuf aumif;pGm rwnfMunf&m aomtaMumif; (Say\)/ &[ef; k f d wkYd pifppfaomfum; vGeux;jrwfaom orx0dyempdwudk tm;xkwaom &[ef;onf &Hzef f J l f f &Hcg orm"derwudk &Hzef&cg y*[edrwudk &Hzef&cg Oayum edrwudk ESv;oGi;\? xkYd aMumifh xkd d d f H d f H d f Hk f bm0em pdwonf El;nHvnf; El;nHay\? trIvnf; cHay\? tnpftaMu;uif;vsuf oefYi; f h h h S f awmufyvnf; awmufyay\? csKdY,i; ysufp;jcif;vnf; rSay? tmoa0gw&m;wdYk uke&eftwGuf G f D d f aumif;pGm wnfMunfay\/ &[ef;wkYd Oyrmjy&vQif aTyef;xdrq&mjzpfap? aTyef;xdrwynfh jzpfap rkucu-vkudk f f d f G f H zGUJ &m-yvky&m\? rkucu-vkudk yvkyNf yD;vQif rkucut0ukd avmifap&m\? avmifapNyD;vQif f d f G f H d f G f nyjf zifh aTu, rkucut0 xnfNh yD;vQif &Hzef &Hcg (rD;jzif) rIw\? &Hzef &Hcg a&jzifjh zef;\? dk l d f G f h f &Hzef &Hcg vspfvsLI\? &[ef;wkYd aTyef;xdrq&mjzpfap? aTyef;xdrwynfjh zpfap xkaTudk tu,f f f d worwfwnf; rIwaejim;tH?h xkaTudk t&nfaysmf oGm;atmif avmif&maom taMumif; (Say f d d \)? ....tu,f worwfwnf; a&jzifh zsef;aejim;tH?h xkaTonf Nidr;at;oGm;&maom taMumif; d f (Sday\)?.... tu,f worwfwnf; vspfvsL Iaejim;tH?h xkaTonf aumif;pGm &ifusufjcif;okYd d h ra&muf&maomtaMumif; (Say\)/ &[ef;wkYd pifppfaomfum; aTyef;xdrq&m jzpfap? aTyef;xdrf d f wynfjh zpfap xkaTudk &Hzef&cg (rD;jzif) rIw\? &Hzef&cg a&jzifh zse;\? &Hzef &Hcg vspfvsLI\? d H h f H f xkYd aMumifh El;vnf; El;nHay\? trIvnf;cHay\? tnpftaMu; uif;vsuf oefYi;awmufy h h S f vnf; awmufyay\? csKdY,i; ysufp;jcif;vnf; rSay? vufaumuf vufpyf paomtrItwGuf G f D d G aumif;pGma&mufay\/ oif;uspfjym;twGuf jzpfap? em;a!mif;twGuf jzpfap? 240 vnfqJG wefqmtwGuf jzpfap? aTyef;uk;twGuf jzpfap tMuiftMuif tqifwefqmtxl;twGuf tvkd H &Sygrl xkyef;xdrq&m yef;xdrwynf\ xktvkorQ tqifwefqm[laom tusKd;ukvnf; NyD;ap d d f f h d d dS d Ekiay\/ d f &[ef;wkYd xkYd twlyif vGeuJ xl;jrwfaom orx 0dyempdwudk tm;xkwaom &[ef; f f f onf ok;yg;aom edrwwYdk u/y/ tmoa0gw&m;wkYd uke&eftwGuf aumif;pGm wnfMunfay\/ H d f dk f ('d0"paom) xl;aomPfjzifh rsuarSmuf yxkuaom tMuif tMuif w&m;ukd xl;aom Pf d f d f jzifh rsufarSmufy&ef twGuf pdwudk aS;InwapvQif (ykAa[wk paom) taMumif; Swi; f G f d dk f Sdwkdif; xkrsuarSmuf yxkuaom w&m; rsujf rifu,awGUSol jzpfxujf cif;okYd (0g-rsujf rif d f d f dk f d dk uk,awGUjzpfjcif;okYd ) a&mufay \}} [laomd f okwudk t"dpwow[k odtyf\/ f d k f &[ef;wkdY 6 -yg;aom w&m;wkYd Eijhf ynfpaom &[ef;onf tjrwfq;jzpfaom at;csr;jcif; S h Hk Hk f (edAmef)ukd rsuarSmufy&ef jzpfxuay\/ tb,f 6-yg;wkYd Eienf;[lr?l &[ef;wkYd omoem f dk f S hf awmf &[ef;onf tMuiftcg pdwudk ESyoif\? xktcg pdwudk ESy\/ tMuiftcg pdwfukd f d f h d f d f yifajrmufoif\? xktcg pdwudk yifajrmuf\/ tMuiftcg pdwfukd Tifapoifh\? xkdtcg h h d f h pdwudk Tiap\/ tMuiftcg pdwudk vspfvsLIoifh\? xkdtcg pdwfukd vspfvsLI\/ jrwfaom f f f r*fzv ESv;oGi; nGwui;\? edAmef arGUavsm\/ &[ef;wkdY 6-yg;aom w&m;wkYd Eihf dk f Hk f f dk f f S jynfpaom &[ef;onf tjrwfq; jzpfaom at;csr;jcif; ukd rsuarSmufy&ef jzpfxuay\}} h Hk Hk f f dk f [laom-
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okwudk tEkw&oDwbm0okw[k odtyf\/ f d f aAmZ*Faumovowurl ]]&[ef;wkYd twlyif wGeYf qwaom pdwjf zpfaomtcg y'doarmZifudk k f dk k f yGg;apjcif;iSg oifavsmfaom tcgr[kway}} okYd ponfjzifh tyemaumov uxm (yXrwGJ y-ESyf ESm 400) h f d jycJNh yD;yif jzpfonf/ ,ckjyqkconftwki; ckepfyg; tjym;Saom O*[aumovudk aumif;pGm rSw,Nl yD;vQif q,fyg; d hJ h d f d f tjym;Saom reodum&aumovuvnf; aumif;pGm yki;jcm;rSwom; xka,m*Donf ESpyg;aom aumov d dk d f f d f wkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh ur|mef;ukd aumif;pGm oif,tyfayonf/ qufqkO;tHh-xka,m*Dtm; ur|mef;q&mESitwl f l d D d hf wausmif;wnf;yif (ae&ef) tu,f tqifajyjim;tH?h ,ckjyqkconfwi; tus,ftm;jzifh ra[maprl d hJ h dk f ur|mef;ukd aumif;pGm yki;jcm; rSwom;um ur|mef;ukd tm;xkwvsuf bm0em\ xl;jcm;jcif;ukd &NyD;vwfaomf d f f f txuftxuf (0g-wkd;wuf wk;wuf) a[mMum;aptyf\/ tjcm;t&yf tjcm;ausmif; aevkaom a,m*D d d onf jyqkcwi;aom tpDt&ifjzifh tus,fa[mMum;apNyD;vQif tzefwvJvJ jyefve tvk;pkaom txk;tzGUJ d hJ dk f S f H H H cufqpfXmeukd jzwfy,fi;vif;NyD;vQif yx0DuodP eda'o qkcaom enf;jzifyifvQif ravsmaomausmif;ukd S f d hJ h f y,f 241 avsmfaom ausmif;aevsuf yvdaAm"i,frsm;ukd jzwf pufqyz,[k ESv;oGi;&aom um,*wm k f G f Hk f owdur|mef; (p tm;xkwjf cif; [laom) y&duudk ytyfayonf/ H
y&duHukd jyKykH
(xkoYdk y&duu)yaom a,m*Donf qHyifwYdk aS;OD;pGm tokbxifaMumif; edrwudk ,ltyf\/ tb,fokdY d H dk d f enf; [lr-wck ESpcaom qHyifwYdk udk EIw,Nl yD;vQif vuf0g;jyif wifxm; tqif;ukd aS;OD;pGmyki;jcm;rSwom; l f k f d f f tyf\? acgif;&dy&m t&yfvnf; qHyifwYdk udk Munf&ef oifay\? a&cGuaomfif;? ,m*kcuaomfif; f h I h f G f (xifaomt&dyu) Munf&efvnf;oifonfomwnf;/ rnf;eufpOf umv rnf;eufue\[k ESv;oGi;tyf\? f dk h I h k f Hk f qHjzLaomtcg jzLuke\[k ESv;oGi;tyf\? trnf; tjzL a&maomtcgrl rsm;&m\ tpGr;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi; f Hk f f Hk f tyf\/ qHyifwYdk uJoYdk yif twl tvk;pkaom wpyOuvnf; MunfomvQif tokbxifaMumif; edrwudk h H H h d f ,ltyfayonf/
aum|mowkdYukd ykdif;jcm;ykH jyqkdcsuf

182/ qkconftwki; edrwudk ,lNyD;vQif tvk;pkaom aum|mowkYd udk tqif; oPmef t&yf d hJ h d f d f H H rsufEm wnf&m tyki;tjcm;wkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh yki;jcm; qk;jzwfNyD;vQif tqif; oPmef teYH rS&mtaMumif; S d f f d f H D wnf&mwkYd \tpGr;tm;jzifh ig;yg;tjym;jzifh pufqyz,onf\ tjzpfudk yki;jcm; rSwom;tyf\/ f k f G f dS d f f xkoYdk rSwom;&m ,ckqrnfh pum;onf tvk;pkaom aum|mowkYd tpOftwki; jyqkaom pum; d f dk H H d f d aywnf;/
66
(1) qHyif
(auom) qHyifwYdkonf yuwdtqif;tm;jzifh rnf;eufue\? pkaom ykw;eufo; tqif;Sue\? k f d D D d k f ykoPmeftm;jzifn vk;uke\? csdefkd;oPmef Sdukef\? t&yfrsufEmtm;jzifh txuft&yf. jzpfue\? H h S f H f S k f wnf&mtm;jzifh eHyg;ESpzufwYdk em;yef;pGe;wkYd jzifh aSUzuf ezl;jyiftqk;jzifh aemufzuf vnfuywi;jzifh f f H k f G f (qHyifwYdk u) yki;jcm;vsufonf? OD;acgif;cHudk &pfywfvsufaom pkaom ta&onf qHyifwYdk \ wnf&maywnf;? dk d f dS G dS d tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh (wckpD wckpaom) qHyifwYdk udk OD;acgif;ukd &pfywfvsufaom ta& pyg;vk; tNrD;zsm;rQ0if d f D dS H wnfaom atmufzuf rdr\ tjrpftjyifjzifh txufzuf [if;vif;jyifjzifh zDvmywf0ef;usif qHyiftcsif; d csif;jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? ESpcaom qHyifwYdk onf waygif;wnf; (wnfMuonf[)rSue?f onfum; d f dS f k k d k rdr\tzkYd jzifyi;jcm;jcif; (obm*y&dap') aywnf;/ qHyifwYdkonf tarG; r[kwue?f tarG;wkYd onf qHyifr[kwf d h dk f f k uke[k ykenf;jzifh <uif;aom 31-yg;aom aum|mowkYd Eihf ra&maESmyJ uGjJ ym;ukeaom qHyifwYdkrnfonf f H S f toD;tjcm;wckaom aum|mo (tzkYd tpk) aywnf;? onfum; rdrtzkYd r[kwaom tjcm;tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;jcif; d f d f (0dobm*y&dap') aywnf;/ onfum; qHyifwYdkudk tqif;ponfjzifh yki;jcm;qk;jzwfjcif; aywnf;/ d f H 183/ ,ckqrnfh pum;onfum; xkd qHyifwYdk udk tqif;ponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh ig;yg;tjym;jzifh dk f pufqyz,[k yki;jcm;rSwom;jcif; aywnf;/ qHyifwYdk rnfonfrm tqif;tm;jzifvnf; pufqyz,f Sue\? k f G f d f f S h k f G d k f ykoPmeftm;jzifvnf; pufqyz,f Sue\? teHYtm;jzifvnf; pufqyz,f Sue\? rS&mtaMumif;tm;jzifh H h k f G d k f h k f G d k f D vnf; pufqyz,f Sue\? wnf&mtm;jzifvnf; pufqyz,f Sue\/ k f G d k f h k f G d k f 242 csJUjytHh-ESpoufz,f aumif;jim;aomfvnf; ,m*kcuaomfif;? xrif;yef;uefaomfif; qHyif f G G f tqif; Saom wpkwckudk jrif&vQif pm;zG,onf qHyifEihf a&maeonf? xkt&mukd ,lom;Mu[k qkvsuf d H f S d G d pufqyue\? okYd qHyifwYdk onf tqif;tm;jzifh pufqyz,f Sue\/ k f k f k f G d k f nOftcg pm;aeaom olwYdk onfvnf; qHyif\ toGioPmefaom rk;rQifuaomfif;? oifyef;rQifudk h f dS d dk aomfif; xdrd prf;rdaomfvnf; xkYd twlyif pufqywufue\? okYd ykoPmeftm;jzifh pufqyz,f Sue\/ k f k f H k f G d k f qDvr;jcif; yef;tarT;txkH ponfwYdkjzifh yjyifjcif;rS uif;ukeaom qHyifwYdk\ teHYonf tvGepufqyf d f f f k zG,f aumif;\? rD; xnftyfueaom qHyifwYdk \ teHYonf xkYd xufom pufqyz,f aumif;\? rSeay\-qHyif h k f k f G f wkYd onf tqif;oPmeftm;jzifh pufqyz,f rSonfaomfvnf; jzpfEiMf uao;\? teHYtm;jzifrum; pufqyz,f k f G d dk h l k f G SMd uonfcsnf;omwnf;/ Oyrmjzifjh y&vQif EkYd pYkd tG,f uav;oli,f\ rpifonf tqif;tm;jzifh eEGi;tqif; S\? f d oPmeftm;jzifvnf; eEGi;cJ oPmef\/ xkYd jyif trIuy pGeYf ypfxm;aom acG;euf\ zl;zl;a&mifaeaom uk,f h f dS d f Hk d 1 aumifonf tqif;tm;jzifh xef;oD;rSnfhtqif; Sd\? oPmeftm;jzifh vk;acsmnufaom rk;pnfoPmef\ ? xkd H dk dS acG;euf\ tpG,wYdk onfvnf; jrwfav;yef;ikEihf wlue\? xkYd aMumifh oli,f\ rpifEihf acG;aumif;yky[aom xkd f H S k f S f l 2-ckv;yif tqif;ESihf oPmeftm;jzifh pufqyz,f r[kwonf jzpfEiao;\? teHYtm;jzifrum; pufqyz,f Hk k f G f dk f h l k f G pifppfomwnf;/ twlyif qHyifwYdk onfvnf; tqif;ESihf oPmeftm;jzifh pufqyz,f rSueaomfvnf; teHY k f G d k f tm;jzifrl pufqyz,f Sueonfomwnf;/ h k f G d k f xkYd jyif roefYaom (GmteD;) t&yf Gm\tnpftaMu;tusKd;qufjzifh aygufueaom [if;GuwYdk onf rdU k f f olrdUom; vlwYdk tm; pufqyz,jf zpf rok;aqmifaumif;ukeouJoYdk xkYd twlyif qHyifwYdk onfvnf; aoG; usif k f G H f h i,f usiMf uD; onf;ajc ovdyponfwYdk\ tusK;qufjzifh jzpfMuaomaMumifh pufqyz,wYdkyifwnf;? onf f d k f G f um; xkqyifwYdk \ rS&mtaMumif;tm;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;jcif;aywnf;/ d H D k f G xkYd jyif qHyifwYdk rm rpify aygufaom rIuoYdk 31-yg;aom aum|motpk jzpfue\? xkqyifwYdk onf S Hk d hJ k f d H okomef trIuyHk ponfwYdk aygufaom [if;GuuoYdk if;? (roefYaom) usKH;ponfwYdk aygufaom MumeD d f f hJ Mumkpaom yef;uJoYdkif; roefYaom (uk,) t&yf jzpfMuaomaMumifh tvGeyif pufqyz,f aumif;uke\? d h d f f k f G f onfum; xkqyifwYdk\ wnf&mt&yftm;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;jcif;aywnf;/ d H k f G xkrwyg; qHyifwYdk uoYdk xkYd twlyif <uif;aom aum|motm;vk;wkYd \ tqif; oPmef teHY rS&m d S hJ H D taMumif; wnf&mwkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh ig;yg;tjym;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;jcif;ukd odtyf\? xkYd jyif tqif; f k f G
67
oPmef t&yf wnf&m tyki;tjcm;wkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh <uif;aom aum|mo tm;vk;wkYd uvnf; toD;toD; d f f H dk yki;jcm;qk;jzwf tyfue\/ d f H k f
(2) tarG;
184/ xkwif aS;OD;pGm tpOfusaom (avmrm) tarG;wkYd onf yuwd tqif;tm;jzifh qHyifwYdk uoYdk trnf; d G hJ oufoufr[kwue?f pifppftm;jzifh rnf;aMumifaom tqif;Sue\? oPmeftm;jzifh atmufoYdk nwaom tzsm; f k d k f G f Sdukef\ xef;yif\ tjrpfoPmef Sue\? t&yftm;jzifh txufatmuf 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpfue\? wnf&m d k f k f tm;jzifh qHyifwYdk \ wnf&mt&yfEihf vufz0g; ajcz0g; tjyifwYdk rwyg; trsm;tm;jzifh <uif;aomuk,udk &pfywf S S d f vsufaom ta& jzpfue\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh uk,udk &pfywfvsufaom ta& wvdumcefYrQ 243 dS k f d f d f dS 0ifvsuwnfaom atmufzuf rdr\ tjrpfjzifh txufzuf [if;vif;jyift&yfjzifh zDvmywf0ef;usi tcsi; f d f f csif;jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? tarG; 2-yifwYdk onf waygif;wnf; rSue?f onfum; xktarG;wkYd \ rdrtzkYd d f dS d k d d tm;jzifh yki;jcm;jcif;[laom obm*y&dap' aywnf;? rdrtzkYd r[kwaom tjcm;tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;jcif;[laom d f d f d f 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(3) vufonf; ajconf;

185/ ecg (vufonf; ajconf;) [lonfum; ESpq,faom vufonf;cGH ajconf;cGwYdk \ trnfay f H wnf;/ if;wkYd onf tm;vk;yiftqif;tm;jzifh jzLuke\? oPmeftm;jzifh ig;\ taMu;oPmef Sdukef\? t&yftm; H f jzifh ajconf;wkYd onf atmuft&yf vufonf;wkYd onf txuft&yf okYd tm;jzifh 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf uke\? wnf&mtm;jzifh vufacsmif; ajcacsmif;wkYd \ tzsm;tay:zufwYdk wnfue\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh f k f d f txufatmuf 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk vufacsmif; ajcacsmif;wkYd \ tpGe;tom;wkYd jzifh twGi;zuf vufacsmif; f f ajcacsmif;wkYd \ trk;zuftom;jzifh tjyifzufEihf tzsm; [if;vif;jyift&yfjzifh zDvmywf0ef;usif tcsif;csif;jzifh d S yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? vufonf; ajconf;cGH 2-ckwYdk onf waygif;wnf; rSue?f onfum; xkvufonf; d f d d k d ajconf;wkYd \ obm*y&dap' aywnf;/ 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(4) oGm;
186/ 'Em (oGm;wkYd ) [lonfrm oGm;jynfpaomoltm; 32-ckaom oGm;k;wkYd aywnf;/ if;wkYd onfvnf; S h Hk d tqif;tm;jzifh jzLuke\? oPmeftm;jzifh rsm;aomoPmefue\? csJUjytHh - ,if;oGm;wkYd wif atmufom; f dS k f G G tpOf\ tv,f 4-acsmif;wkYd onf TUH ajrpki tpOftwki; pkuxm;aom Al;aphoPmef Sue\? ,if;wkYd \ eHyg; d f d f d f d k f ESpzufwYdk wacsmif; wacsmif;onf tjrpf wckp\ tzsm;cReftpGe; wckp\ py,fioPmef S\? ,if;wkYd rS f D dS f D dS Hk d eHyg; wacsmif; wacsmif;onf tjrpf ESpcpD S\ tpGe;ESpcpD S\ vSn; axmufcoPmef S\? ,if;wkYd rS eHyg; f k d f f k d f G d ESpacsmif; ESpacsmif;wkYd onf tjrpfo;ckpD Sue\ tpGe;ok;ckpD Sdukef\? ,if;wkYd rS eHyg; ESpacsmif; ESpacsmif;wkYd f f Hk d k f f H f f onf tjrpfav;ckpD Sue\ tpGe;av;ckpD Sue\/ txufom; tpOfvnf; twlyif/ t&yftm;jzifh txuf d k f f d k f G t&yf jzpfue\? wnf&mtm;jzifh txuf atmuf ar;k;ESpcwYdk wnfue\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh atmufzuf k f d f k k f d f t&if;zuf ar;k; wnfaom rdr\ tjrpftjyifjzifh txuftzsm;zuf [if;vif;t&yfjzifh zDvm eHyg; tcsif; d d csif;jzifh ykdif;jcm;vsuf Sdonf? oGm; 2-acsmif;wkYd onf waygif;wnf; rSue?f onfum; xkom;wkYd \ obm* d k d G y&dap' aywnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
68
(5) ta&
187/ wapm (ta&) [lonfrm wuk,v;ukd &pfywfvr;cHvsufwnfaom ta&xlaywnf;/ xkta&xl S d f Hk T f d \ txuf trnf; tkd t0g ponf tqif;Sdaom ta&yg;rnfonf Sd\? ,if; ta&yg;onf wuk,v;rS d f Hk cGgvkH;pkvQif qD;aphrQSd\/ ta&xlonfum; tqif;tm;jzifh jzLonfomwnf;? xkta&xl\ jzLonf\tjzpfonf d rD;avmifjcif; vufeufjzifh ykwcwfjcif;ponfwYdk aMumifh ta&yg;yGe;yJh ysufp;oGm;aomtcg xifm;\? oPmef f f D S tm;jzifh uk,\oPmefonfom jzpfayonf/ um; t&m tusOf;aywnf;/ d f dS 244 tus,ftm;jzifrum; ajcacsmif;ta&onf ttdrudk ywwfaom yk;\ yk;csnfrQif tdroPmef S\? h l f d d f d ajczrk;a&onf bGwbeyf\ trkd;zkH;oPmefSd\? ajcovk;a&onf xrif;xkyonfh xef;GuoPmef\? aygifa& d f d H f f dS onf qefwYdk jzifh jynfaeaom qeftwnf oPmef\? wifyg;ta&onf a&jzifjh ynfaeaom t0wfa&ppfoPmef h d f S dS h Sd\? ausmufue;a&onf ysOfcsyf Muufxm;aom om;a&oPmef\? 0rf;Akua&onf apmif;cGuMuufxm;aom k f dS d f f om;a&oPmefSd\? &ifywfa&onf trsm;tm;jzifh av;axmifoPmef\? ESpcaom vufarmif;wkYd \ta&onf h dS f k jrm;xnfp&mawmif Muufxm;aomom;a&oPmefSd\? vufzrk;a&onf oif"e;tdrf oPmef\? wenf;um; h h d k f dS acgif;NzD;onfh NzD;tdwoPmef S\? vufacsmif;a&onf oHaumuftroPmef S\? vnfa&onf vnfywf f d f d f d oPmef Sd\? rsufEma&onf (cHwi; ESmacgif; rsufpaygufwYdk jzif) tayguftayguf Sonfjzpf yk;tdroPmef S G f d h d d f Sd\ (0g-pmaygif;okdufoPmef S\?) OD;acgif;a&onf oydwtwoPmef S\/ d f d f d yki;jcm;ykH rSwyudk qufjytH-ta&ukd odr;qnf;aoma,m*Donf txufEwcrf;rSp txufyi; d f f Hk h f I f dk f rsufEmokYd Pfudk oGm;apvsuf aS;OD;pGm rsufEmukd ajr;,Suvsufwnfaom ta&ukd yki;jcm; tyf\? xkYd aemif S S f d f ezl;a&ukd (yki;jcm;tyf\)? xkYd aemif tdw xnfxm;aom oydwEihf oydwtwwYdk \ tMum;jzifh vufudk oGm;ap d f f h f S f d f bdouJoYdk acgif;k;ESihf acgif;a&wkYd \ tMum;jzifh Pfuom;ap tk;ESiwuG ta&\ wpyfwnf;tjzpfudk cGcg h d dk G d hf J G vsuf acgif;a&ukd yki;jcm;tyf\? xkYd aemif yck;a&ukd (yki;jcm;tyf\)? xkYd aemif tEkvtm;jzifif;? y#dvtm;jzifif; d f H d f Hk h Hk h vusfmvufta&ukd (yki;jcm;tyf\)? xkYd aemif xkenf;jzifyifvQif vuf0vufta&uk?d xkYd aemif ausmufue;a&ukd d f d h J k f (yki;jcm;tyf\)? if;ukd yki;jcm;NyD;vQif tEkvtm; jzifif;? y#dvtm;jzifif; vusfmajcta&uk?d xkYd aemif xkenf; d f d f Hk h Hk h d jzifyifvQif vuf0ajcta&ukd (yki;jcm;tyf\)? xkYd aemif tpOftwki;yifvQif oktra& 0rf;a& &ifa& vnfa&wkYd udk h J d f d f d d f (yki;jcm;tyfue\)? xkYd aemif vnfa&\ tjcm;rJ atmufar;a&ukd yki;jcm;NyD;vQif atmufEwcrf;tqk;okYd d f k f h d f I f H a&mufap NyD;qk;aptyf\/ qkconftwki; keYf &if; keYf &if;aom ta&ukd odr;qnf;aom a,m*Dtm; odrarGU H d hJ h d f f f aomta&onfvnf; xifSm;\/ t&yftm;jzifh txufatmufEpyg;aomt&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh wuk,f S f d vk;ukd ajr;,Suf &pfywfvsuf wnf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh atmufzuf twGi;zuf wnf&mt&yf\ tjyifjzifh H d f f txufzuf tjyifzuf [if;vif;t&yfjzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf/ onfum; xkdta&\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ d f dS 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(6) tom;
188/ rHo(tom;)[lonfrm uk;&maom om;wpfwYdk aywnf;/ xktvk;pkonfvnf; tqif;tm;jzifh eD\ H S d d H H aygufyef;ESiw\? oPmeftm;jzifh ajcovk; <uufom;onf xef;Guf xrif;xkyf oPmef S\? aygifom;onf hf l H d aq;Budwausmufom; (ausmufv;i,f) oPmef\? wifyg;om;onf ckavmufpGef;oPmefSd\? ausmufue; f Hk dS H k f om;onf xef;vsufjym;oPmef S\? eHyg;ESpzuf\ tom;onf pyg;usD\ 0rf;Akue& yg;yg;vdr;usHxm; d f d f H H f aom ajrnufoPmef S\? om;jrwfom;onf vk;apNyD;vQif ypfcsvkuaom TUH ajrnufpioPmef\? 245 d H d f dk f dS vufarmif; 2-cktom;onf ESpaumifxyfxm;aom ta&rSonfh <uufaumifBuD;oPmef S\/ qkdcJhonfh f d d twki; keYf &if;keYf &if;aom tom;ukd odr;qnf;aom a,m*Dtm; odrarGUaom tom;onfvnf; xifm;\/ t&yf d f f f S tm;jzifh txufatmuf ESpyg;aomt&yfwYdk jzpf\/ wnf&mtm;jzifh ok;&mhEpq,f (320)aom tk;wkYd udk vdr;usH f H S f d f wG,uyfvsuf wnf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh atmufzuf twGi;zuf tcsif;csif; qufpyfaeaom tk; wnf&m f d f f d tjyifjzifh txufzuf tjyifzuf ta&jzifh zDvm ywf0ef;usif tcsif;csif;jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf/ onfum; d f dS xktom;\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ d S
69
(7) taMum
189/ ESmk (taMum)[lonfum; uk;&m (900) aomtaMumwkYd aywnf;/ (xk)taMumtm;vk;wkYd onfvnf; d d H tqif;tm;jzifh jzLuke\? oPmeftm;jzifh trsKd;rsKd;aom oPmefue\? csJUjyOD;tH-taMum uk;&mwkYd wif f dS k f h d G vnf\ aS;tzkYd rp uk,udk zGUJ ,Suuevsuf taMumrBuD;ig;ckwYdk onf aSUzufjzifh qif;oufue\? ig;ck S d f f k f k f wkYd onf aemufzufjzif?h ig;ckwYdk onf vusfmeHyg;jzif?h ig;ckwYdk onf aemufzufjzif?h ig;ckwYdk onf vusfm eHyg;jzif?h k ig;ckwYdk onf vuf0eyg;jzifh (qif;oufue\)? vusmvuf ukd zGUJ ,Suuevsuvnf; vuf\aSUzufjzifh ig;ck? J H k f f f k f f aemufzufjzifh ig;ck? vuf0vufudk zGUJ ,Suuevsuf xkYd twl (aSUzuf ig;ck aemufzuf ig;ck)? vusfmajcukd J f k f zGUJ ,Suuevsuvnf; ajc\ aSUzufjzifh ig;ck? aemufzufjzifh ig;ck? vuf0ajcukd zGUJ ,Suuevsufvnf; xkYd twl f k f f J f k f (aSUzuf ig;ck aemufzuf ig;ck) okYd tm;jzifh (o&D&"m&u) uk,uaqmifaom taMumrnfueaom 60-aom d f dk k f taMumrBuD;wkYd onf uk,udk zGUJ ,Suuevsuf qif;oufue\/ ,if;taMumrBuD;wkYd udk u@&m[lvnf; d f f k f k f qktyfue\/ xktaMumrBuD; tm;vk;wkYd onfvnf; jAL'ki;cwmikoPmef Sue\/ tjcm;taMumwkYd onfum; d k f d H d f H d k f xkxu,t&yfudk vTr;zk; jzefY,uvsuf wnfue\? xkatmuf odrarGUaom taMumwkYd onf csnfud; oPmef d dk dk f f H S f k f d f Sdukef\? xkatmuf odrarGUukeaom tjcm;taMumwkYd onf qiforEG,oPmef Sue\? xkatmuf odrarGUukef d f f f d k f d f aom tjcm;taMumwkYd onf apmif;ud;BuD; oPmefuef \ ? xkatmuf odrarGUaom tjcm;taMumwkYd onf dS k d f tyfcsnfud;Murf;oPmef Suef \? vufzrk; ajczrk;wkYd taMumwkYd onf iSuajcoPmef Sue\? OD;acgif; d k d d f d k f taMum wkYd onf oli,fwYdk \ acgif;pGyZmoPmef Sue\? ausmufue; taMumwkYd onf aeylx jzefYxm;aom f d k f k f J ykupdk oPmefue\? qkcNhJ yD;wkYd rS <uif;ukeaom xkxdk t*FgBuD;i,foYdk tpOfavQmufueaom taMumwkYd onf d f dS k f d f d k f uk, 0wfxm;aom ZmtusoPmefue\/ t&yftm;jzifh txufatmuf 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpfue\? d f dS k f k f wnf&mtm;jzifh wuk,v; tk;wkYd udk zGUJ ,Suvsuf wnfue\/ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh atmufzuf ok;&maom d f Hk d f k f d f H tkd;wkdY\ txufwif wnf&mt&yftjyifjzifh txufzuf tom;ESita&wkYd udk xdqu wnf&mt&yfwYdk jzifh G hf dk f zDvmywf0ef;usif tcsif;csif;jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; xktaMumwkYd \ obm*y&dap'aywnf;? d f dS d 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(8) tkd;
190/ t|d(tkd;)[lonfum; 32-acsmif;aom oGm;k;wkYd udk csefxm; <uif;ukeaom vufkd; 64-ck? ajck; d f d 64-ck? tom;ukraom tk;Ek 64-ck? zaPSmifhkd; 2-ck? ajcwzuf wzuf zrsuf; 2-ckpD (aygif; 4-ck)? d DS d dk ajcovkH;kd; 2-ckpD? 'l;qpfkd; 1-ckpD? aygifkd; 1-ckpD? wifyg;kd; 2-ck? ausmufq;k; 18-ck? eHkd; 24-ck? 246 &ifkd; l d 14-ck? &ifnGefYkd; 1-ck? nyfkd; 2-ck? vufjyifkd; 2-ck? vufarmif;k; 2-ck? vufzsHkd; 2-ckpD (4-ck)? vnfkd; 7-ck? d ar;kd; 2-ck? ESmacgif;kd; 1-ck? rsufuGif;kd; 2-ck? em;kd; 2-ck? ezl;kd; 1-ck? OD;acgif;cGHkd; 9-ck okdYtm;jzifh tkd; wkYd onf ok;&mrQSue\/ xktm;vk;wkYd onfvnf; tqif;tm;jzifh jzLuke\/ oPmeftm;jzifh trsKd;rsKd;aom H d k f d H f oPmefSdukef\/ csJUjyOD;tH-xkwif ajcacsmif;tzsm;qpf;wkYd onf caygif;aphoPmefue\? xk\tjcm;rJh tv,f tqpf h d G dk dS k f d k;wkYd onf ydEaphoPmefue\? t&if;qpf;wkYd onf xufpnfoPmefue\? ajczrk;k;wkYd onfxjk ym;xm;aom d J dS k f dk dS k f d d jAL'ki;cwmyif\ taMumpkoPmefue\? zaPSmif;onf waphomSaom xef;oD;aphoPmef\? zrsuf; d f dS k f h dk d dS dk wkYd onf ud;jzifzUJG csnfxm;aom upm;p&m a*:vDv; oPmefue\? zrsuf;wkYd ajcovk;k;wkYd \ wnf&m h Hk dS k f dk H d t&yfonf tcGoifxm;aom pGeyvGanmufoPmef\? ajcovk;k; ti,fonf upm;p&m av;i,f\uki; H f dS H d d f oPmefSd\? ajcovk;k;tBuD;onf d;ydeaeaom a>r\ausmufue;oPmef\? 'l;qpf;onf wzufyaom H d I f k f dS dk hJ &jrKyfoPmef\? xk';qpf; ajcovk;k;\ wnf&mt&yfonf tzsm;rxufonfh EGm;csKdoPmef\? aygifkd; dS d l dk H d dS onf raumif;ojzifaGxm;aom yJcy; ykqe;oPmef S\? wifyg;kd; xkdaygifkd;\ wnf&mt&yfonf upm; h G f dk d f dk d p&m a*:vDvkH;oPmefSd\? xkaygif;ESihf (wuG pyfvsuf) wifyg;k;\ wnf&mt&yfonf tzsm;yki; jywfaeaom d dk d d f yke;nufo;BuD;oPmef\/ f D dS wifyg;kd; 2-ckwYdk onfvnf; waygif;wnf;qufpyfvsuf jzpfMuygrl tk;xdeonfwYdk vkyxm;onfh ckH d d f f avmufoPmefue\? wckpuaevQif yef;yJwYdk\ oHuuoPmef Sue\? tpGe; wnfaom wifyg;k;onf dS k f D JG dk f d k f f d wGvsm;qGxm;aom a>r\ yg;ysOf;oPmefSd\? ckepfck Spcaom XmewkYd tayguf tayguf Sd\? ausmufq;k; J J f k l d wkYd onf twGi;zufrS (tjriftm;jzif) tqifqifxyfvsufwifxm;aom cJjym;acGwYdk \ oPmefSdukef\? tjyifzufrS f h h h
70
(tjriftm;jzif) Ade;vk;tpOf (0g-Ade;vk;tqifqif) oPmefue\? xkausmufq;k;wkYd \ tMum;tMum; h f H f H h h dS k f d l d vTom;ESiwueaom ESpco;ckaom ql;ESiwaom tk;rsm;SMd u\/ 24-ckaom eH;wkYd wif rjynfaomeH;wkYd onf G hf l k f f k Hk hf l d dk G h dk rjynfaom oefvsuf ("m;Snf "m;aumuf)oPmefue\? jynfaom eH;wkYd onf jynfaom oefvsufoPmef h dS k f h dk h Sdukef\? eH;tm;vk;wkYd onfvnf; MuufjzL\jzefYxm;aom tawmifoPmefue\/ 14-ckaom &if;wkYd onf dk H dS k f dk tkrif;ysufp;aeaom oefvQif;csKdioPmef Sue\/ &ifnGefYkd;onf a,mufrGufoPmef Sd\/ d D hf d k f nyfkd; 2-ckwYdk onf oHycyi,f\ tkd;oPmefSdukef\? vufjyif; 2-ckwYdkonf wzufrS ukeaeaom J G f dk f oD[Vaygufw;oPmefSdukef\? vufarmif;kd; 2-ckwYdk onf aMu;rk; oPmefue\? 2-ck 2-ckaom vufzsH; dk f l H dk dS k f dk wkYd onf tpkwvsufaom xef;zk-xef;anmif-xef;jrpf oPmefue\? vufaumuf 0wf;wkYd onf wzufrS H JG dS h dS k f dk wG,uyfapvsuf xm;tyfaom cJjym;&pfacGoPmefue\? vufzrk;k;wkYd onf xkjym;xm;aom jAL'ki;cwmyif\ f dS k f d d d f taMumpkoPmefue\? 247 vufacsmif;k;wkYd wif t&if;qpf;wkYd onf xufpnfoPmef Sue\? tv,f dS k f d G dk d k f qpf;wkYd onf rjynfaom ydEaphoPmefue\? tzsm;qpf tk;wkYd onf caygif;aphoPmef Sue\/ dk h J dS k f d d k f ckepfcaom vnf;wkYd onf 'kwwH (vSuef)jzifh xk;vQKd tpOftwki; qifxm;aom 0g;rspf uGi;yki;rsm; k dk f H d d f h f d f oPmef Sdukef\? atmufar;k;onf yef;yJorm;wkYd \ oHukd,foPmefSd\? txufar;k;onf BuHcoifonfh "m; d d HG armufoPmefSd\? rsufwi;k; ESmwGi;k;wkYd onf tqHtESpudk xkwxm;onfh Ekaom xef;aph oPmefue\? G f d f d f f dS k f ezl;k;onf arSmufxm;aom ckoif;cGuujGJ crf; oPmef\? em;xif;wkYd onf aqwmonf\ oif"e;tdroPmef d f dS dk k f f Sdukef\/ ezl;kd;-em;xif;wkYd \txuf oif;uspfzUJG &mt&yf tk;onf twGeYf twGeYf axmywfjzifh jynfaom dk d dS h t0wfykdif;oPmefSd\? OD;xdy;onf rsufEm0ukd jzwfxm;aom aumufaom tke;rIwf oPmef S\? (aemufzuf) f dk S f d OD;acgif;k;wkYd onf csKyfpyfxm;aom uGtufaom Al;tkH oPmefue\/ d J dS k f t&yftm;jzifh txufatmuf 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpfue\/ wnf&mtm;jzifh omrefajym&vQif wuk,f k f d vk; wnfue\? cGjJ cm; txl;tm;jzifh ajym&vQifum; xktk;wkYd wif OD;acgif;k;wkYd onf vnf;wkYd wnfue\? H k f d d G d dk k f vnf;wkYd onf ausmufq;k;wkYd wnfue\? ausmufq;k;wkYd onf wifyg;k;wkYd wnfue\? wifyg;k;wkYd onf dk l d k f l d d k f d aygifkd;wkdY? aygif;wkYd onf 'l;qpf;wkYd ? 'l;qpf;wkYd onf ajcovk; k;wkYd ? ajcovk;k;wkYd onf zrsuf;wkYd ? dk dk dk H d H d dk zrsuf;wkYd onf ajczrk;k;wkYd wnfue\/ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh twGi;zuf k;wGi;jcifqjD zifh txufzuf-tjyif dk d d k f d f f d f zuf tom;jzifh tzsm;ESihf t&if;zuf tcsif;csif;jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xktk;wkYd \ obm* d f d d d y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(9) kd;wGif;jcifqD
191/ t|drOH (k;wGi;jcifq) [lonfum; xkxdk tk;wkYd \ twGi; wnfaom jcifqD aywnf;/ if;onf d d f D d d f tqif;tm;jzifh jzL\? oPmeftm;jzifh BuD;ukef BuD;ukeaom tk;wkYd \ twGi;wnfaom jcifqonf 0g;usnf f d f D awmuf xnf ywfxm;aom BudrneYf BuD;oPmef S\? i,fuef tvGei,fueaom tk;wkYd \ twGi; h f G d k f k f d f wnfaom jcifqonf i,faom 0g;qpfwYdk xnf ywfxm;aom BudrneYf Ek oPmef S\? t&yftm;jzifh txuf D h f G d atmuf 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh tk;wkYd \ twGi; wnf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh tk;wkYd \ d f d f d twGi;zuf rsufEmjyifwYdk jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xkjd cifq\ obm*y&dap' aywnf;/ 0dobm* f S d f d D y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(10) tIdU
192/ 0uH (tdUI )[lonfum; tnm wckwnf; zGUJ wG,vsufaom tom;pkif 2-ckwYdk aywnf;/ if; f dS d onf tqif;tm;jzifh pOf;i,fe\ yifv,fuopfaph tqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh oli,fwYdk \ upm;p&m tpkzUJG D d H xm;aom a*:vDvkH; 2-ckoPmef Sd\? wenf; ajym&vQif tnmwckwnf; zGUJ wG,aeaom o&ufo; 2-vk;wGJ f D H oPmefSd\? t&yftm;jzifh txuft&yf jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh vnfrsKrxuaom wckaomtnm&if;jzifh d S G f twefi,fqif;oGm;NyD;vQif 248ESpjf zmuGaom taMumBuD;jzifh zGUJ wG,vsuf ESv;om;ukd NcH& wnf\? tyki; J f Hk H d f tjcm;tm;jzifh tdYI udk tdUI tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xktIUd \ obm*y&dap' aywnf;/ d f d d 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
71
(11) ESvkH;
193/ ['[H (ESv;)[lonfum; ESv;om;aywnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh eD\? y'krmMumeD yGizwf\ Hk Hk hf ausmzuftqif; S\? oPmeftm;jzifh jyify tyGizwfwYdk udk cGgypf apmufx;qGxm;aom y'krm MumikoPmef d hf dk J H Sd\? ty ajyjypfacsmnuf\? twGi; oyGwcg;oD;\ twGi;om;ESihf wl\? ynmSaom olwYdk tm; tenf;i,f f f f d yGi\? ynmEkUH aomolwYdk tm; ikvsufom S\? ,if; ESv;\ twGi; yke;nufaph\ wnf&mrQaom wGi;i,fonf hf H d Hk f f f Sd\? ,if; wGi;i,f vufqe;0ufcefYrQaom aoG;onf aumif;pGm wnf\? ,if;aoG;ukd rS (0g-,if; aoG;Sd f G f dS D aom 0wKkyur) raem"mwfEihf raem0dnmP"mwfwYdkonf jzpfue\/ qufOD;tHh-xkoYdk aom ESv;aoG;onf f dk DS S k f d Hk &m*tm;BuD;aom oltm; eD\? a'gotm;BuD;aom oltm; rnf;\? arm[ tm;BuD;aomoltm; tom;aq;a&ESihf wl \? 0dwuf tm;BuD;aomoltm; yJypyfywf a&tqif; S\? o'gtm;BuD;aomoltm; r[mavSum;yGitqif; d d hf Sd\? ynmtm;BuD;aomoltm; Munf\ txl;Munfvif\ aemufusKjcif;rSd jzLpif\ xuf0ef;usif pifMu,f\ aumif;pGm aoG;xm;aom ywjrm;ZmpfuoYdk ta&mifawmufvsuxif\/ t&yftm;jzifh txuft&yfjzpf\? wnf&m hJ f tm;jzifh om;jrwfEpcwYdk\ tv,fMum; uk,\twGi; wnf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh ESv;onf ESv;tzkYd S f k d f f d f Hk Hk tm;jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xkEv; \ obm*y&dap' yifwnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; d f d d S Hk qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(12) tonf;
194/ ,ueH (tonf;) [lonfum; tpkaom tom;vTmaywnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh eDa&mif\? H dS azsmhawmhaom oabmS\ eDve;onfum;r[kwf ukr'&mMumyGizwf\ ausmzuftqif; S\? oPmeftm;jzifh d G f k hf d t&if; wckwnf; tzsm; tpkjH zpf yifv,f uopfuoPmef S\? xktonf;onfvnf; ynmEkUH aom olwYdk G f d d tm; wckwnf;aomjzpfvsuf BuD;\? ynmSaomolwYdk tm; ESpck ok;ckjzpfvsuf i,fue\? t&yftm;jzifh txuf d f H k f t&yfjzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh ESpcaomom;jrwfwYdk\ twGi; vusfmeHyg;ukr wnf\? tyki;tjcm; tm;jzifh f k f d DS d f tonf;onf tonf;tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; xkd tonf; \ obm* y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm* d f dS y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(13) tajr;
195/ udavmruH (tajr;)[lonfum; zk;vTr;wwfaom tajr; rzk;vTr;wwfaom tajr;wkYd \ tjym;tm; H f H f jzifh ESpyg;tjym;Saom ajr;,Suwwfaom tom;vTmaywnf;/ xkEpyg;vk;onfvnf; tqif;tm;jzifjh zL\/ f d f d S f H bGUJ jzLykq;Murf;ESihf wlaom tqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh rdr\ wnf&m t&yfoPmef\? t&yftm;jzifh zk;vTr; dk d d dS H f wwfaom tajr;onf txuft&yf jzpf \? tjcm;tajr;onf 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh 249 zk;vTr;wwfaom tajr;onf ESv;ESitdUI ukd zk;vTr; vsufwnf\? rzk;vTr;wwfaom tajr;onf wuk,v; H f Hk hf H f H f d f Hk ta&\atmufdS tom;ukd ajr;,Suvsuf wnf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh atmufzuf tom;jzifh txufzuf f d f ta&jzifh zDvmywf0ef;usif tajr;tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xktajr;\ obm*y&dap'ay d f d d wnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(14) tzsOf;
196/ yd[uH (tzsOf;)[lonfum; tpmopftr\ txufapmif wnfaom o&ufuac: 0rf;vTm d f G f tom;wk;aywnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh ndK\ aMumifyef;yGitqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh vufcepfopfyrmP H hf d k Sd\? tzGJUtnmrSd EGm; (euf)i,f\ vQmoPmefSd\? t&yftm;jzifh txuft&yf jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh ESv;\ Hk vuf0zuf tpmopftrvm\ txufzufudk rSwnf\? ,if;tzsO;ukd vufeufjzifh xk;ckwf ykwcwfjcif; J d f T D f d f aMumifh tjyifoYdk xGuvwfaomf ow0gwkYd \ toufuejf cif; jzpfavawmh\? tykdif;tjcm;tm;jzifh tajr;tzkYd jzifh f k yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; xktajr;\ obm*y&dap' aywnf;? 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf d f dS d S wlonfomwnf;/
72
(15) tqkwf
197/ yygoH (tqkw)[lonfum; tom;yki; ESpck ok;ck tjym;Saom tqkwrnfaom tom;aywnf;/ f d f f H d f if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh eD\ rrSnve;ao;aom a&ozef;oD; tqif;S\? oPmeftm; jzifh rnDrnGwf jzwfxm; hf G f d aom xlaomrkeYf yi;oPmef\? twGi;zuf pm;aomufxm;aom tpmrSaomtcg wufaom urZawaZm dk f dS f d tylaiGUjzifh ylavmifEypufaomaMumifh nufpm 0g;xm;aom aumuf ;axG;uJoYdk yif tESpt&omrS?d tqDMoZm dS f G dk h f rS?d t&yftm;jzifh txuft&yf jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh uk,\twGi; om;jrwfEpcwYdk\ tMum;ESv;ESihf d f f S f k Hk tonf;ukd zk;tkyum wG&Gqvsufwnf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh tqkwtzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; H f J J JG d f f d f dS xktqkwf\ obm*y&dapaywnf;/ 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ d S
(16) tlr
198/ tEH (tlr)[lonfum; a,musfm;rSm 32-awmif rderrSm 28-awmifaom tlracGaywnf;? 21-ck f dS aom ae&mwkYd wGeYf vsuf acGvsuf\? xkoYdk aom tlracGonf tqif;tm;jzifh jzL\ ausmufjzLrIeYf t*Faw dS d tqif;Sd\? oPmeftm;jzifh eDaom qk;a&usif; acGxnfxm;aom acgif;jzwfxm;onfh a>roPmef\? t&yf d h dS tm;jzifh 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh txufwif vnfrsKEihf atmufwif usiBf uD;vrf; (0pr*f) G d S G zGUJ pyfvsufaomaMumifh vnfrsKdtp 0pr*ftqk;Saom uk,twGi; wnf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh tlrtzkYd jzifh dS H d d f f d f yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; xktr\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEiwonf d f dS d l S hf l omwnf;/
(17) tlodrf
250 199/ tE*kPH (tlodrf)[lonfum; tlracGt&yfwYdk zGUJ wG,aomt&maywnf;/ xktoronf f d l d f tqif;tm;jzifh jzL\ Mumodrjf rpftqif;S\? 0g-a&epfaeaom arSmjf rpftqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh Mumodrjf rpf d d arSmjf rpfoPmefyif\? t&yftm;jzifh 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh aygufwl;aygufjcif; ykqeyguf dS d f jcif;trI ponfwYdkudk yvkyaomolwYdk\ tlacGwYkd udk avQmrusatmif ,~Em;pufudk qGiifaomtcg ,~Em;puf f J ud;onf ,~Em;pufysOfcsyfwYdk udk avQmrusatmif zGUJ wG,xm;ouJoYdk waygif;wnf; zGUJ wG,vsuf ajcokwf ud; f h f 0ef; \ tMum; csKyfpyfvsuf wnfaom ud;i,fwkdYuJhokdY 21-ck aom tlracGwYdk \ tMum; csKyfpyfvsuwnf\? f tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh tlortzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; xktor\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ d f d f d f dS d l d f 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(18) tpmopf
200/ O'&d,(tpmopf)[lonfum; tpmopftr[aom 0rf;jzpfaom (0g-wnfaeaom) pm;-aomufH d f l dS cJ-vsufxm;aom tpmaywnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh pm;rsKdxm;onfh tpmtqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh t0wf d a&ppf avsmhavsmhxwxm;aom qefrsm;oPmef\? t&yftm;jzifh txuft&yfjzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh tpmopf k f dS tdrf [laom 0rf; wnf\/ (O'&) tpmopftr-0rf;rnfonfrm pkaomt0wfyq;ukd ESpzufrui vdrnpvQif tv,fjzpfaom d f S d k dk f S dk f f f avtlazmif;ESiwaom tlrvTmaywnf;? tjyifyacsmnuf\ twGi; tom;rIuf tom;ykyudk &pfxwxm;aom hf l f d f k f npfEr;aom wbuf\ tNrdwtqmESiw\? yky&aom ydEo;tcG\ twGi;zufEihf wlonf[vnf; qkoifay G f f hf l f d J D H f S l d h \? ,if;tpmopftr waum#uyk; *@Kyg'uyk; wmv[D&uyk; olprcyk; y#wEowuyk; okYd tpSuef d f d d d d k d k d d k aom 32-yg;aom trsKd;tm;jzifh uGjJ ym;ukeaom yk;wkYd onf Iy,ucwfvsuf tpkvutNyHKvkuom;vm usupm; f d f S f dk f d f G f Muvsuf aeuke\? ,if;yk;wkYd onf (tpmtdrx) tazsmfabmZOfponf rSaomtcg jrnfatmfuevsuf ckewuf f d f J d k f f uke ESv;om;ukd wkucuf xdyg;uke\? tazsmfabmZOfponfudk pm;rsKdaomtcgvnf; armhaom yg;pyf f Hk d f dk f Sdukefvsuf aS;OD;pGm rsKdvuaom ESpvyf ok;vkywYdkudk vsipmvsipm vk,ufpm;aomufue\? ,if;tpmopf dk f f k H f f G f G k f tdronf xky;wkYd \ rD;aetdrvnf; jzpf\? usiBf uD;tdrvnf; jzpf\ olemkvnf;jzpf\ okomefvnf;jzpf\? ,if; f d dk f f H 3 tpmtdropf Oyrmjzifjh y&vQif 'Ge;p@m;Gm wHcg;aygufwif a&ykyti aEGtcgrSm rk;onf;xefpm Gmvwfaomf f f G f dk f d G rk;a&jzifarsmygvmaom usifi,f usifBuD; ta&yki; tk;yki; taMumyki; wHaxG; ESyf aoG;tpSaom trsKd;rsKd;aom d h d f d d f d f d
73
tykyf t&d tGJ taygif;onf usa&mufNyD;vQif TUH ykya&jzifh a&m,Suf aESmufEuf tyfonfjh yif ESp&uf ok;&uf f S f H vGeaomtcg aygufyg;aom yk;avmufrsm;ESivnf; a&m>yrf;vsuf\? aeyla&mif\ tylejf zifvnf; usKduusKduf f G d hf dS dS h f qlvsuf tjrKyfwpDpD xapum kyyaom tqif;Sonfjzpf tvGeeapmfvsuf tvGepufqyz,aumif;ojzifh d k f d f H f k f G f csOf;uyf&ef Munf&efyif rxkuonftaeokYd a&mufvsuf wnf\? 251 erf;&ef pm;ok;&ef rxkuonfrmrl h I d f h H d f S qkz,yif rSawmhay? twlyif trsKd;rsKd;aom pm;zG,f aomufz,f ponfonf oGm;wnf;[laom usnayGUjzifh d G f d G f axmif;xk Budwacsvsuf vQmwnf;[laom vufjzifh jyefvef arTaESmufum wHaxG; oGm;a&wkYd jzifh ajr;,Suf f S vl;vnf;vkuojzifh xkcPyif tqif; teHY t&om aumif;jcif; ponfrS uif;onfjzpf ,ue;onfwYdk \ d f d f csnfpmupdzwf acG;tefzwfwYdk Eihf wlpm (tpmopftr) usNyD;vQif onf;ajc ovdyf avwkYd jzifh zk;tkyf &pfywfonfh S G d f H jyif 0rf;rD; tylejf zifh usKduusKduqvsuf yk;rsKd; ok;qJEpyg;wkYd jzifvnf; Iy,uf cwfvsuf aemufaemuf dS f f l d H h S f h f S umv (0g-Mumavav) tjrKyf pDaygif;tyGuwYdk udk xapvsuf Sojzifh tvGeyy&d eHapmf pufqyz,f aumif; f d f k f k f G vSonfh taeokYd a&mufvsuf wnfacsonf? ,if;tpmopftrf taMumif;ukd Mum;krQ Mum;&aomaMumifaomfvnf; d H h pm;zG,f aomufz,ponfwYdk rESpouf rNrde,uz,\ tjzpfonf aumif;pGm wnfavawmh\? Pfrsufpjd zifh G f f f S f G f Ijrif&ygrl qkz,yif rSawmhNyD? xkYd jyifvnf; ,if; tpmopftr usvmaom tazsmfabmZOf ponfonf ig;ykH d G f d d f cGjJ crf;jcif;okYd a&mufav\? wykudk yk;wkYd pm;Muonf? wykudk 0rf;rD;u avmifonf? wyku usii,fjzpfom;onf? H d H H f G wyku usiBf uD; jzpfom;onf? wyku &o"mwf jzpfNyD;vQif taoG;tom; ponfwYdkudk jzpfyg;aponf/ H G H G tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh tpmopftrtom;vTmjzifif;? tpmopftzkYd jzifif; yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; d f d f h h d f dS xktpmopf\ obm*y&dap' yifwnf;/ 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ d S
(19) tpma[mif;
201/ u&DoH (tpma[mif;)[lonfum; usifBuD;aywnf;/ if;onftqif;tm;jzifh pm;rsKdvuaomtpm\ dk f tqif;SonfomvQif trsm;tm;jzifh jzpfwwf\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&mt&yf\ oPmefSd\? t&yftm;jzifh d atmuft&yf wnf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh tpmusuftrf (tpma[mif;tdr) wnf\? tpma[mif;tdrf rnfonfrm d f S aS;tzkYd tm;jzifh csufatmuft&yfEihf aESmuftzkYd tm;jzifh atmufq; ausmufq;k;qpfwYdk \tv,f tlr\tqkH; S Hk l d 0,f tapmuftm;jzifh vufpopfrQSaom 0g;usnftacgif; ESiwaom t&yfaywnf;? ,if; tpma[mif; tdr S f d hf l f Oyrmjzifh jy&vQif jrifarmuf&majrtzkYd usaom rk;a&onf avQmusp;qif; edraom ajrtzkYd udk jynfapvsuf h d D hf h wnfouJoYdk xkYd twlyif tpmopftr usvmorQ tazsmf abmZOfponfonf 0rf;rD;u tjrKyfxapvsuf csuNf yD; h d f wki; csufNyD;wki; aq;Budwausmufv;jzifh BudwacsvuouJoYdk aMunuforarGUjcif;okYd a&mufNyD;vQif tlacgif; d f d f f Hk f dk f h d f jzifh avQmusum avQmusum zdoy 0g;usnfaxmuf xnfxm;aom 0gazsmhazsmh ajrnufuoYdk pka0;vsufwnf d f h hJ \/ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh tpma[mif;tdrf tvTmjzifif;? usifBuD; tzkYd jzifif; yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; xkd d f h h d f dS tpma[mif;\ obm*y&dap' aywnf;/ 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(20) OD;aESmuf
202/ rwv* (OD;aESmuf)[lonfum; OD;acgif;cGH twGi;wnfaom cifqtpkaywnf;/ if;onf tqif; k f j D tm;jzifh jzL\ rId tpkdiftcJ tqif;Sd\? EkYd "rf;tjzpfoYdk ra&mufwwfao;aom yuwdtaerSysuf cJpyaeaom EkYd &nf tqif;Sonf[vnf; qkoif\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&mt&yfoPmef S\? t&yftm;jzifh txuft&yf d l d h d jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh OD;acgif;cG\twGi; av;ckaom csKyfpyfaMumif;wkYd ur aygif;pyfvsufxm;tyfueaom H f dk DS k f av;ckaom rkeYf nufpiwYdk uudk aygif;pyfvsufwnf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh OD;acgif;cG\ twGi;zuf rsuEmjyif dk f hJ d f H f f S wkYd jzifif;? OD;aESmuftzkYd jzifif; 252 yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xkO;aESmuf\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ h h d f d d D 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
74
(21) onf;ajc
203/ ydwH (onf;ajc) [lonfum; A'onf;ajcac: zGUJ tyfaom onf;ajc tA'onf;ajcac: rzGUJ tyfaom onf;ajctm;jzifh 2-yg;aom onf;ajcwkYd aywnf;/ xkwif A'onf;ajconf tqif;tm;jzifh jypfcRaom opfrnfpnf d G J qD tqif;Sd\? tA'onf;ajconf I;aomawmifusnf;yef;tqif; S\? oPmeftm;jzifh ESprsKd;vk;yif wnf&m d d f H t&yfoPmef Sd\? t&yftm;jzifh A'onf;ajconf txuft&yf jzpf\? tA'onf;ajconf ESpyg;aomt&yfwYdk f jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh tA'onf;ajconf qHyif tarG; oGm; vufonf; ajconf;wkYd \ tom;rS vGwaeaom f t&yfuif;? rmajcmufaeaom ta&ukif; csefxm;<uif;aom wuk,v;ukd ]]qDaygufonf a&jyefYouJoYdk }} dk d d f Hk h jyefYEUHS vsuwnf\? ,if; tA'onf;ajcysufvQif rsufprsm;0guke\? rl;uke\? uk,wef vIy\? ,m;,H\/ A' f d f f d f k f onf;ajconf ESv;ESitqkwwYdk \ tv,ftMum; tonf;tom;ukd rSwnfaom oyGwMf uD;oD;tdrEihf wlaom Hk hf f D f S onf;ajctdr wnf\? ,if;A' onf;ajcysufvQif ow0gwkYd onf l;uke\? azmufjyefaompdwf Sueonfjzpf f f d k f tSutaMumufudk pGeYf vsuf ryoifonfudk yuke\? rajymoifonfudk ajymuke\? tBuHoifonfudk BuHue\/ f h f h f h k f tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh onf;ajctzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xkonf;ajc\ obm*y&dap' aywnf;/ d f d f d d 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(22) ovdyf
204/ aorSH (ovdy)[lonfum; uk,\twGi; wuGe;pm;-wpv,fjynfh yrmPSaomovdyaywnf;/ f d f f f d f if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh jzL\ 0ufacs;yeJu&nf tqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&mt&yfoPmef\? t&yf G f d dS tm;jzifh txuft&yf jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh tpmopftr[aom 0rf;vTmtlacgif;wnf\? ,if; ovdyonf d f l f pm;aomufz,f ponfudk rsKdaomtcg Oyrmjzifh jy&vQif a& a&arSma&ndonf opfom;jzpfap cJjzpfapusvQif G f ESpjf crf;jywfuNJG yD;aemuf wzefjyefaphum a&ukz;vsuf wnfouJoYdk xkYd twlyif pm;zG,f aomufz,ponf usvm d Hk h G f aomtcg ESpjf crf; jywfuNJG yD;aemuf wzef tpmopfudk zk;vsuf wnf\? ,if; ovdyenf;vQif jynfrnaom tem H f S hf uJoYdk if;? MuufOykyuoYdk if; 0rf;Akuf tpmopftronf ykyaom teHYvsuf tvGepufqyz,f aumif;\? xkYd jyif h f hJ d d f f dS f k f G xktpmopftrrS wufvmaomteHUjzifh tqefavonfif;? cHwi;onfif; taumifyyfteHYSd\? xkoYdk aom yk*Kd vf d d f G f k d onfvnf; ]]oifu tykyeYH xGuonf zJcgoGm;yg}}[k tqkc&wwf\? xkYd jyif ,if;ovdyonf yGg;rsm; xlxjJ cif; f f G d H f okYd a&mufaevQif usifBuD;wGi; tzk;ysOfcsyfuoYdk tykyeYH udk tpmtdr\ twGi;omvQif ydwqYdk vsufwnf\/ f H hJ f f f f tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh ovdytzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xkovdy\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ d f f d f d d f 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(23) jynf
253 205/ ykaAm (jynf)[lonfum; ykyaomaoG;\ tpGr;tm;jzifjh zpfaom jynfaywnf;/ if;onf f f f tqif;tm;jzifh azsmhawmhaom zufua,mftqif;S\? olaoaumifrl jypfcRJaomxrif;&nf tykytok; tqif; G f d f d Sd\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&moPmef\? t&yftm;jzifh 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifrum; jynf\ dS h l tNrJwrf;wnf&mrnfonf rSay? opfiwf ql; vufeuf rD;vQH ponfwYdkjzif.h xdcuc&aom. tMuiftMuif uk,f d k dk f H d t&yf aoG;onf pka0;wnfaevsuf &ifusuf\? tki;trm tzktvk;. ponfwYdk onfrvnf; (tMuif tMuif uk,f h d f H l d t&yf) jzpfay:uke\? xkxdk uk,t&yf (jynfonf) wnf\/ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh jynf\tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf f d d f d f d f Sonf? onfum; xkjd ynf\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEiwonfomwnf;/ d S hf l
75
(24) aoG;
206/ avm[dwH (aoG;) [lonfum; pka0;wnfaeaom oEpw aoG; aGUSm; oGm;aeaom oHo&PaoG; d d tm;jzifh 2-yg;aom aoG;wkYd aywnf;/ xkwif oEpwaoG;onf tqif;tm;jzifh csuxm;NyD;aom jypfcRaom csy&nf d G d d f J d f tqif;Sd\? oHo&PaoG;onf Munfaom csdy&nftqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh ESpyg;vk;yif wnf&mt&yf\ f d f H oPmefSd\? t&yftm;jzifh oEpwaoG;onf txuft&yfjzpf\? oHo&PaoG;onf 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? d d wnf&mtm;jzifh oHo&PaoG;onf qHyif tarG; vufonf; ajconf;wkYd \ tom;rS vGwaeaom t&yfuif;? f dk rmajcmufaeaom ta&ukif; csefxm; <uif;aomtvk;pkaom Oyg'dPu,udk "reDrnfaom aoG;aMum uGe&uf d H H dk f f ukd tpOfavQmufojzifh jyefYEYSvsuf wnf\? oEpwaoG;onf tonf;wnf&mt&yf\ atmuftzkYd ujdk ynfapvsuf H d d h wuGe;pm;rQS\? ESv; tIUd tqkwwYdk \ txuf tenf;i,f tenf;i,f ,kvsuf tIYd ESv; tonf; tqkwf f d Hk f d Hk wkYd udk pkpwapvsuf wnf\? rSeay\-xkoEpw aoG;u tIYd ESv;ponfwYdk udk rpkpwapygrl ow0gwkYd onf d G f f d d d Hk d G f a&qmuke\/ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh aoG;\tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; xkaoG;\ obm*y&dap' f d f d f dS d aywnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(25) acR;
207/ aoa'g(acR;)[lonfum; tarG;wGi; ponfwYdk rS ,kxuaom tmayg"mwf (t&nf"mwf) aywnf;/ f d G f xkacR;onf tqif;tm;jzifh Munfvifaom ESr;qDtqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&mt&yf oPmef\? t&yftm; d f d dS jzifh 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh oEdpwaoG;\ wnf&muJoYdk acR;\ tNrJwrf; wnf&mrnfonf d h rSay/ pifppfaomfum; tMuiftcg rD;yl aeyl Owkazmufjyefjzif; ponfwYdk aMumifh uk,onfy\? xktcg a&rS d d f l d EkwNf yD;cgrQ jzpfaom rnDrnGwjf zwfxm;onfh MumpG,f Mum&if; ukr'&mMumk;pnf;(rS a&,kuso)uJoYdk tvk;pkH k d d h H aom qHwi; tarG;wGi; tayguftMum;wkYd rS (acR;) ,kxu\? xkYd aMumifh xkacR;\ oPmefuvnf; qHwi; G f f d G f d dk G f tarG;wGi; tayguftMum;wkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifyifvQif odytf\/ qufOD;tHh-acR;ukd odr;qnf;aom a,m*Donf f f h f qHwi; tarG;wGi; tayguftMum;wkYd udk jynfapvsuf wnfonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifomvQif acR;ukEv;oGi;tyf\/ G f f h f h d S Hk f 254 tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh acR;\ tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xkacR;\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ d f d f d d 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(26) tqDcJ
(208)/ ara'g(tqDc)[lonfum; cJaomtqDaywnf;/ xktqDconf tqif;tm;jzifh jcrf;tyfaom eEGi; J d J f om;tqif;Sd\? oPmeftm;jzifh uk,um, qlzd;aomolrm ta&ESitom;wkdY\tMum; eEGi;a&mif bGUJ jzL ykq; d f S hf f kd Murf;ukd xnfxm;ouJoYdk oPmef\? uk,um, ydeaomolrm ovk;om; aygifom; ausmufq;k;ukd rSaom h h dS d f f S H l d D ausmufueom; 0rf;jyif;om;[laom tom;wkYd ur ESpxyf ok;xyfyvsuxm;aom eEGi;a&mif bGUJ jzLykq; k f dk DS f H f f dk Murf;oPmef\? t&yftm;jzifh 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh 0aomoltm; wuk,v;ukd jyefYvsuf Sd d f Hk ydeaomoltm; ovk;om;ponfwYdk udk rSwnf\? tqDtap;[k ac:jcif;okYd a&mufaomfvnf; ,if;tqDcudk f H f D J tvGepufqyz,f Sjd cif;aMumifh acgif;vdr;qD tusKd;iSgvnf; r,lue?f ESm acgif;qDponf tusKd;iSgvnf; r,lue?f f k f G f k k tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh atmufzuf tom;jzifh txufzuf ta&jzifh zDvmywf0ef;usif tqDcJ tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm; d f d f vsuf Sonf? onfum; xktqDc\ obm* y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm* y&*dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonf d d J S omwnf;/
76
(27) rsuf&nf
208/ tk(rsuf&nf)[lonfum; rsufpwYdk rS ,kxuaom tmayg"mwfaywnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm; d d G f jzifh Munfaom ESr;qD tqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&mt&yfoPmef\? t&yftm;jzifh txuft&yf jzpf\? f d dS wnf&mtm;jzifh rsuwi;wkYd wnf\? okdYaomfvnf; rsuf&nfonf onf;ajc tdr onf;ajcuJoYdk rsufwi;wkYd f G f f h G f tcgcyfor; pka0;vsufwnfonfum; r[kway? pifppfaomfum; tMuiftcg ow0gwkYd onf Tivef;0rf;ajrmuf d f f f ukevsuf onf;pGm &,fiue\? ESv;romjzpfuevsuf (rlvnf;) ika<u;jrnfwrf;uke\? rsu&nfusapEkionfh f T f k f Hk k f d f f d f xkoYdk oabmSaom ravsmfaom tpmukrvnf; pm;okrue\? tMuiftcgrlvnf; xkd ow0gwkYd \ rsufpwYdk udk d d d l H d k f d rD;ck; jrL zkreYf ponfwYdk u xdyg;ESypufue\? xktcg qkcaom 0rf;ajrmufjcif; 0rf;enf;jcif;ESihf roifavsmf d H I d f k f d d hJ h aom tpmOwkwYdkaMumifh (xkrsu&nfonf) jzpfay:vmNyD;vQif (rsufwi;wkYd udk jynfapsuf wnfrvnf;wnf\ d f G f h l ,kxurvnf; ,kxu\? qufO;tH-rsu&nfudk odr;qnf;aom a,m*Donf rsuwi;wkYd udk jynfapvsuf wnf d G f l d G f D h f f f G f h onf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh odr;qnf;tyf\/ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh rsuf&nf\ tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onf f f d f d f d um; xkrsu&nf\ obm* y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyif wkYd Eihf wlonfomwnf;/ d f S
(28) qDMunf
209/ 0om (qDMunf)[lonfum; rcJr ausaeaomqDaywnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh tke;qD l f tqif; Sd\? xrif;csK; (xrif;&nf) oGe;avmif;xm;aom qDtqif;Sonf[vnf; qkoif\? oPmeftm;jzifh d f d l d h a&csKd;aomtcg Munfaom a&\txuf vnfaeaom qDayguf\ ysHU[efoPmef S\? t&yftm;jzifh 2-yg; d aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh (qdvQi) trsm;tm;jzifh vufz0g;rsuf ESmjyif vufzrk; ajcz0g;rsuEmjyif k f d f S ajczrk; ESmacgif;zk ezl; yck;pGe;wkYd wnf\? qufO;tH- qDMunfonf qkcaom t&yfwYdk tcgcyfor; aus d H f D h d hJ d f onf aysmonfomvQif jzpfvsuf wnfaeonf r[kway? pifppfaomfum; tMuiftcg rD;yl aeyl Owk\xl;jcm; f f azmufjyefjcif; aoG;avpaom "mwfwYdk\xl;jcm; azmufjyefjcif;wkYdaMumifh xkqcaom tpdwtyki;t&yfwYdk onf d dk hJ f d f 255 jzpfaom tylaiGU Sue\ (0g-ylue\)? xktcg xkt&yfwYdk a&csKd;pOfrm Munfaom a&ay: tqDayguf\ d k f k f d d S ysHUoGm;jcif;uJoYdk (qDMunfonf) xkrS rS aGUSm;\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh qDMunftzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? h d d f d f dS onfum; xkqMD unf\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ d S
(29) wHaxG;
210/ acaVm (wHaxG;)[lonfum; cHwi;xJ tjrKyfEihf a&maom tmayg"mwfaywnf;/ if;onf tqif; G f S tm;jzifh jzL\ a&jrKyfEiwaom tqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&mt&yfoPmef\? a&jrKyfoPmef Sonf S hf l d dS d [lvnf; qkoif\? t&yftm;jzifh txuft&yf jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh ESpzufaom yg;apmifwYdk rS oufqif; d h f vQmwnf\? qufO;tH-wHaxG;onf qkcaom yg;apmif vQmwkYd tcgcyfor; pka0;vsuf wnfaeonfum; D h d hJ d f r[kway? pifppfaomfum; tMuiftcg ow0gwkYd onf wHaxG;jzpfz,f xkoYdk oabmSaom tpmtm[m&ukd jrifrl f G d d vnf; jrifue\ trSw&rlvnf; trSwue\? tyl tcg; tpyf tief tcsOfwYdk wif wpkwckurvnf; cHwi; k f f f k f G H dk l G f xnfue\? okYd r[kwf tMuiftcg xkow0g\ ESv;onf ruse;rrm em\ (0g-azmufjyef\)? wpkw&m h k f d Hk f H rlvnf; pufqyjf cif; jzpf\? xktcg wHaxG;onf jzpfay: NyD;vQif ESpzufaom yg;apmifwYdk rS oufqif; vQm k d f wnfayonf? txl;rSwz,um; wHaxG;onf vQmzsm; yg;\ usJ\? vQm&if; jypfcR\? xkYd jyif cHwi; xnfh f G f J G f vkuaom rkUH qef;ukd jzpfap qefujdk zpfap tjcm; cJz,f wpkwckudk jzpfap? jrpfxu oJaomifjyif vuf,uf d f G H J wGi;i,fuoYdk ukejf cif;okYd ra&mufr omvQif pkpwapjcif;iSg pGr;Ekiay\/ tyki; tjcm;tm;jzifh wHaxG;tzkYd jzifh f hJ l d G f f d f d f yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf/ onfum; xkwaxG;\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdk Eihf d f d d H S wlonfomwnf;/
77
(30) ESyf
211/ odCmPdum (ESy)[lonfum; (rwv*awmf) OD;aESmufrS ,kxuusaom rpifMu,faom t&may F f k F d G f wnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh Ekaom xef;oD;qHtqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&mt&yf oPmefSd\? t&yf d tm;jzifh txuft&yf jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh ESmacgif;zkwYdk udk jynfapvsufwnf\? qufO;tH-ESyonf xkd h D h f ESmacgif;zkwYdk tcgcyfor; pka0;vsuf wnfaeonfum; r[kway? pifppfaomfum; Oyrmtm;jzifh jy&vQif vl d f f wa,mufonf y'krmMumzuf(Gu) EkYd "rf;ukd xkyNf yD;vQif atmufzuf ql;jzifh xk;azmuf&m\? xkdtcg if; f d taygufjzifh EkYd "rf;&nfMunfonf avQm jyifzuf atmufzufoYdk us&mouJoYdk twlyifvQif tMuiftcg h ow0gwkYd onf ikue\? xl;jcm; azmufjyefaom tpmOwkwYdk\ tpGr;jzifjh zpfaom "mwfacsmufcsm;jcif; Sueonf d k f f d k f (0g-"mwfazmufjyefueonf)rlvnf; jzpfue\? xktcg OD;acgif;twGi;rS ovdyyytjzpfoYdk a&mufaom k f k f d f f k f OD;aESmufonf avQmusNyD;vQif tmacgifxyrS tayguftMum;jzifh oufqif; ESmacgif;zkwYdk udk jynfapvsuf wnfrl d f h vnf; wnf\ ,kxurvnf; ,kxu\? qufO;tH-ESyudk odr;qnf;aom a,m*Donf ESmacgif;zkwYdk udk jynfap d G f l d G f D h f f h vsuf wnfonf\ tpGr;tm; jzifomvQif odr;qnf;tyf\? tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh ESytzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? f h f d f f d f dS onfum; xkEy\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm*y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ d S f S
(31) tap;
256 212/ vodum (tap;)[lonfum; ukd,fxJ tkd;qufwkdY\ tMum; usdcRJaom tap;ykyay f wnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh r[mavScg;yif\ tap;ESiwaom tqif;S\? oPmeftm;jzifh wnf&mt&yf hf l d oPmef Sd\? t&yftm;jzifh 2-yg;aom t&yfwYdk jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh tkd;qufwkdY\ e,fqupudk NyD;apvsuf D d w&mhpq,faom tk;qufwYdk \ tMum; wnf\? txl;um; tap; enf;aomolrm xpOf xkipOf oGm;pOf S f d S d f qkwpOf auG;pOf qefYpOf tk;wkYd onf c#fc#f*w*wf jrnfue\? vufzspfoudk yvsuf oGm;vmouJoYdk wwf\? f d k f k k f H h dS w,lZem ESp,ZemcefYrQ c&D;oGm;rdvQif 0ga,m"mwfonf ysuwwf\? uk,(t*Fg)wkYd onf qif;&Jyifyef;uke\/ f l f d f f (tap;) rsm;aomolrmrl xjcif; xkijf cif; ponfwYdk (ukd yaomtcg) tk;wkYd onf c#fc#f*kw*wf rjrnfue?f S d d f k k Sna0;aom c&D;ukd oGm;NyD;aomfvnf; 0ga,m"mwfonf rysuf? uk,(t*Fg)wkYd onf rqif;&J ryifyef;uke/ tyki; f d f f d f tjcm;tm;jzifh tap;tzkYd jzifh yki;jcm;vsufonf? onfum; xktap;\ obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm* d f dS d y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(32) usifi,f
213/ rkwH (us,fi,f)[lonfum; usifi,f&nf-qD;&nfaywnf;/ if;onf tqif;tm;jzifh yJBuD;jym&nf tqif; Sd\? oPmeftm;jzifh arSmufxm;onfh a&tk;twGi;Saom a&oPmef\? t&yftm;jzifh atmut&yf d f d dS jzpf\? wnf&mtm;jzifh qD;tdrf pnfazmif;\ twGi; wnf\? qD;tdrrnfonfrm pnfazmif;zkv;ukd qkonf? f f S Hk d ,if; pnfazmif; Oyrmjzifh jy&vQif wHp;wGi; xnfxm;aom a&0ifayguf rSonfh ,0eC#ac: a&ppft; D f h d dk wHp;&nfonf 0ifouJoYdk okYd aomf if;\ 0if&mvrf;aygufonf rxifouJoYdk xkYd twlyif uk,rusifi,fonf D h h d f S 0if\? okYd aomf if;\ 0if&mvrf;aygufum; rxifay? xGuaygufvrf;um; xifm;ay\? ,if; pnfazmif;onf f S usifi,fjzifh jynfvwfaomf ]]usifi,fpeYf rnf}}[k ow0gwkYd \ tm;xkwjf cif;jzpfavonf/ tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh h G d f qD;tdrf pnfazmif;\ twGi;t&yfjzifif;? usifi,ftzkYd jzifif; yki;jcm;vsuf Sonf? onfum; xkusifi,f\ f h h d f d d obm*y&dap'aywnf;/ 0dobm* y&dap'onfum; qHyifwYdkEihf wlonfomwnf;/ S
(wGif ykdif;jcm;qkH;jzwfykH NyD;\)/
78
IqifjcifykHESifh wkd;wufykH
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79
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Svsuf wnfMunf\? ur|mef;onf rusay? BuD;yGg;jcif;okYd a&mufay\/ y&drcH ow Oy|aywGm-[lonfum; d k ur|mef;tmkH qDoYdk aS;I owdudk xm; (jzpfap) wenf;um; y&d-onf odr;qnf;jcif;teuf S\? rkc-onf f d H xGuom;jcif;teuf\? owdonf xifjcif;teuf\? xkYd aMumifh ]]y&drcow}}[k qkayonf[ okYd f G dS dS k H d l y#dor'gr*f a[mxm;aomenf;jzifvnf; t&m teufurwtyfay\/ xky#dor'gr*ftzGi um; d h dk S f d d hf tusOf;csKyfteufaywnf;-xuf0ef;usif,tyf-odtyfojzifh qefYusibufrS xGuom;-vGwajrmufaom owdudk l f f G f y-jzpfap? um; tusOf;csKyfaywnf;/ 263 219/ aom oawm0 towd oawm yowd (xkd &[ef;onf trSw&vsuomvQif 0ifouf f f \? trSw&vsufomvQif xGuouf \)[lonfum; xk&[ef;onf qkconftwki; xkiNf yD;vQif qkchJ f f d d hJ h d f d d onftwki; owdudk jzpfapNyD;vQif xkowdudk rpGeYf r trSw&vsufomvQif 0ifouf\? trSw&vsufomvQif h d f d l f f xGufouf \? trSw&vsuf yavhonf[k qkv\/ ,cktcg tMuiftjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh trSw&vsufyavh\? f dS d dk f dS xktjcif;t&mwkYd udk jyjcif;iSg 'DCH 0g toaEm (Snpm oi;vQifvnf;)ponfudk a[mawmfravonf/ d f G G f l xkYd aMumifh y#dor'gr*f ]]aom oawm0 towd oawm yowd}}[laom tusOf;csKyf pum;\yifvQif d tus,fa0befcsuf0,f atmufyg pum;ukd a[mawmfrayonf/ l 32-yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh trSw&vsuf yavh\? Snpm ([k a[mxm;aom) f dS f G 0ifav\ tpGr;tm;jzifh pdw\ wtmkwnf;Sjd cif; rysHUvGijhf cif;ukd odaomoltm; trSw&rI f f H f owdonf xif\? xktrSw&rI owdjzifh xkorPfjzifh trSw&vsuf yavh\ (1)SnfpGm d f d d I f dS ([k a[mxm;aom)xGuav\ tpGr;tm;jzif.h ...(2)/ wkpm ([ka[m xm;aom) 0ifav\ f f d G tpGr;tm;jzif.h ...(3)/ wkpm ([k a[mxm;aom) xGuav\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh...(4)/ tvkH;pkHaom f d G f 0ifavtaygif;ukd odvsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) 0ifav\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh....(5)/ tvk;pkaom H H xGuavtaygif;ukd odvsuf([k a[mxm;aom) xGuav\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh....(6)/ um, f f ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf ([k) a[mxm;aom0ifav \....(7)/ um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf ([k f f a[mxm;aom) xGuav\....(8)/ yDwudk odvsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) 0ifav\....(9)/ f d ....xGufav \....(10)/ okcukd odvsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) 0ifav\ ....(11)/....xGufav \....(12)/ pdwocFg&ukd odvsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) 0ifav\....(13)/ ....xGufav\.... (14)/ pdwocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf ([ka[mxm;aom) 0ifav\....(15)/....xGufav\....(16)/ f pdwudk odvsuf ([ka[mxm;aom) 0ifav\....(17)/ ....xGufav\.... (18)/ pdwfukd f 0rf;ajrmufapvsuf ([ka[mxm;aom) 0ifav\....(19)/ ...xGufav\....(20)/ pdwfukd aumif;pGmxm;vsuf ([ka[mxm;aom) 0ifav av\....(21)/.... xGufav\....(22)/ pdwfukd vGwapvsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) 0ifav\....(23)/....xGufav\....(24)/ rNrJ[k Ivsuf ([k f a[mxm; aom) 0ifav\...(25)/.... xGufav\....(26)/ 0d&m*ukvsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) d I 0ifav\....(27)/....xGufav\....(28)/ eda&m"ukd Ivsuf ([ka[mxm;aom) 0ifav\.... (29)/....xGufav\....(30)/ y#ded*ukd Ivsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) 0ifav\ tpGrf;jzifh.... (31)/ y#de*udk Ivsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) xGuav\ tpGr;tm;jzifh pdw\wtmkH d f f f wnf;Sjd cif; rysHUvGijhf cif;ukd odaomoltm; trSw&rI-owdonfxif\? xktrSw&rI-owdjzifh f d f xkorI Pfjzifh trSw&vsuf yavh\ (32)/}} (y#dord'gr*fygVd\ jrefrmjyef) d d f dS ('DCH 0g toaEm-tpSaom) xkpum;&yf 'DCH 0g toaEm-[lonfum; Snaom 0ifavukd d d f jzpfapvQirvnf; ([k qkv\)/ ]]to-[lonfum; tjyifoYdk xGuaomav? ymo-[lonfum; twGi;okYd f l d dk f f 0ifaomav}}[l 0denf;t|uxm zGiqxm;onf/ okwet|uxmwkYd rlum; (tmo-0ifav? yo-xGuf hf dk f av[k) ajymif;jyefzijhf yxm;onf/ xkwif trd0rf;wGi; ude;atmif; zGm;jrifaom (*Aao,su) ow0gtm;vk; G d G f f H wkYd \vnf; trd\0rf;rS xGuaomtcg aS;OD;pGm twGi;rSavonf tjyifoYdk xu\? aemufrtjyifuavonf f f G f S odrarGUaom jrLrIeudk ,lum twGi;okYd 0ifvsuf tmapmufoYdk xdqu Nidr;\? okYd xGuav 0ifavwkYd udk f f f dk f f f aS;OD;pGm jzpfytm;jzifh odtyfue\/ Hk k f xkrwyg; xk0ifav xGuavwkYd \ Snjf cif; wkjd cif;ukd umvt"GeYf \ tpGr;tm;jzifh odtyf\/ Oyrm d S d f f wif xifpmjytH-wnf&m[laom (tSnf twk) t"GeYf udk jyefYvsufwnfaom a&ukjd zpfap? oJujdk zpfap ]]Snaom G h d f a& SnaomoJ wkaoma& wkaomoJ}}[k qk&ouJoYdk xkYd twlyif 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf trIeYf trIeYf tao; f d d d h f trTm;uav;rsm; jzpfMujim;aomfvnf; qif a>rwkYd \ uk,x (jzpfMuvQi) ,if;qif a>rwkYd \ uk,[qtyfaom d f J f d f k dk
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Snaom t"GeYf t&yfudk jznf;jznf;jynfapvsuf jznf;jznf;yifvQif xGuue\? xkYd aMumifh SnMf uonf[ qktyf f h f k f l d uke\? acG; ,keponfwYdk\ uk,[qtyfaom wkaom t"GeYf t&yfudk vsifpmjynfap vsifpmyifvQif xGuuef f f d f k dk d G h G f k \? xkYd aMumifh wkMd uonf [lqktyfue\/ vlwYdk wif rlum; tcsKdYu qif a>rponfwYdk uoYdk Snaomumv d k f G hJ f t"GeYf \ tpGr;tm;jzifh Snpm oi;uke\ xkwfukef\? tcsKdYu acG; ,kef ponfwYdk uoYdk wkaomumv f f G G f f hJ d t"GeYf \ tpGr;tm;jzifh wkpm SLoGi;uke\ SLxkwue\? xkYd aMumifh xkvwYdk \ umv\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh 264 f d G f f f k f d l Snaom t"GeYf ywfv; xGuue-0ifueaom xkuavwkYd udk Snonf[if;? wkaom t"GeYf ywfv; f Hk f k f k f d dI f f l d Hk xGuue-0ifueaom xkuavwkYd udk wkonf[if; odtyfuef \/ f k f k f d dI f d l k (Snpm oi;onf xwonf[k od\[laom) xkpum;&yf a,m*D&[ef;onf uk;yg;aom tjcif; f G G f k f d d t&mwkYd jzifh SnfpGm oGif;vsufif;? xkwfvsufif; ]]SnfpGm oGif;onf xkwfonf}}[k od\/ okdY (odvQif xka,m*Dtm; (tjcif;t&muk;yg;wkYd wif wyg;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzif) um,mEkyemowdy|mef bm0emonf d d G h jynfponf[ odtyfay\/ tqkEitnD y#dor'gr*fygVd a[mawmfrxm;onfrmh Hk l d S hf d l S ]]tb,fokdY SnfpGm oGif;vQif SnfpGm oGif;onf[k odoenf;? SnfpGm xkwfvQif Snpm xwonf[k odoenf;/ Snaom 0ifavukd tSn[k qktyfaomumv oi;\? f G k f f f d G f Snaom xGuavukd tSn[k qktyfaom umv xw\? Snaom 0ifav xGuavukd f f f d k f f f tSn[k qktyfaom umv vnf;oGi;\ vnf;xkwf\/ Snaom 0ifav xGuav f d f f f zukd tSn[k qktyfaom umv oi;pOfvnf; xwf pOfvnf; (wk; tm;xkwvaom) f d G f k d f dk qEonf jzpfay:\? qE\ tpGr;tm;jzifh xkYd xuf om odrarGUaom Snaom 0ifavukd f f f /y/ Snfaom xGufavukd /y/ Snaom 0ifav xGuavukd tSn[qtyfaom umv f f f k dk vnf; oGi;\ vnf; xkwf\/ qE\ tpGr;tm;jzifh xkYd xufom odrarGUaom Snaom f f f f 0ifav xGuavukd tSn[k qktyfaom umv oi;pOfvnf; xwpOfvnf; ygarmZ([k f f d G f k f qktyfaom EkaomyDw)onf jzpfay:\? ygarmZ\tpGr;tm;jzifh xkYd xufom odrarGUaom d d f f Snfaom 0ifav /y/ Snfaom xGufavukd /y/ Snfaom 0ifav xGufavukd tSnf[k qktyfaom umv vnf;oGi;\ vnf;xkwf\/ ygarmZ\ tpGr;tm;jzifh xkYd xufom d f f odrarGUaom Snaom 0ifav xGuavukd tSn[k qktyfaom umv oi;pOfvnf; f f f f d G f xwpOfvnf; Snpm([k a[mxm;aom) yuwd0ifav xGuavrS (bm0em)pdwonfepf\? k f f G f f vspfvsLIr-Oayumonf aumif;pGmwnf\? uk;yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh Snpm ([k I d f G a[mxm;aom) 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf um,aywnf;? xifjcif;-trSw&jcif;onf owd f f aywnf;? Ijcif;onf Pfaywnf;/ um,onf owd\ xif&mjzpfaomaMumifh Oy|meom rnf\? (trSw&rI r[kwaomaMumif) owdum;rrnf/ owdonfum; xifwwf-trSwf f f h &wwfaomaMumifh Oy|mevnf;rnf\ owdvnf;rnf\/ xkowdjzifh xkPfjzifh xk0ifav d d d xGuav taygif; um,ukd tzefzefI \/ xkYd aMumifh um, um,ukaom (0gum,[k f d I Iaom) owdy|mef bm0em[k qktyfayonf}}[l aywnf;/ (um; y#dor'gr*faywnf;/) d d 265 wkdpGm-[laomyk'vnf; enf;yifwnf;/ onfum; txl;aywnf;? ,ckjycJaom 0g& ]]Snf f h aom 0ifavukd tSn[qtyfaom umv}}[k qkxm;ouJoYdk xdYk twl twk0g& ]]wkaom 0ifavukd twk[k f k dk d h d d d qktyfaom umv SLoGi;\}}[k vm\/ xkYd aMumifh ]]xkYd aMumifh um, um,[k Iaom owdy|mef bm0em[k d f qktyfayonf}}[laom ed*;pum;wkiatmif wkonf-twkd-[laom yk'\ tpGr;tm;jzifh (vJv,) ,SOaptyf\/ d Hk d f d f f S f f ,ck jyqkconftwki; Snaomt"GefY\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; wkaomum\ tpGrf;tm;jzifhif; 9 d hJ h d f f f h d -yg; aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh 0ifav xGuavwkYd udk odaom a,m*Dudk ]]Snpm SLoGi;vQifvnf; Snpm SLoGi;onf f f G f f G f [k odonf? SnfpGm SLxkwfvQifvnf;/y/ wkdpGm oGif;vQifvnf; /y/ wkdpGm SLxkwfvQifvnf; wkpm SLxkwonf d G f [k odonf}}[l rSw,tyfayonf/ qkconftwki;odaomf l d hJ h d f xk&[ef;\ Snaom wkaom0ifav 2-ckwYdk EixoYdk aom tSntwkd xGuav 2-ck [laom av;rsK; d f d S hf dk f f d aomavwkYd onf ESmoD;zsm;rlvnf; jzpfvsuf (xifvsuf) Sue\ (txufEwcrf;rlvnf; xifvsuf Sue\)/ d k f I f d k f 220/ oAum,y#doa0'D todmrDw/y/ yodmrDwd oduw-[l&m teufum; tvk;pkaom H d d H H 0ifavtaygif;\ tp tv,f tqk;ukoatmif xifm;atmifyvsuf (0g-xifm;apvsuf-xifm;odvsuf) H d d S S S
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SLoGi;tH[k avhusif\/ tvk;pkaom xGuav taygif;\ tp tv,f tqk;ukd odatmif xifm;atmif yvsuf f h h H H f H S SLxkwt[k avhusif\/ okYd oatmif xifm;atmifyvsuf PfEi,Oaompdwjf zifh SLvnf;oGi;\ SL f hH h d S S hf S f f vnf; xkw\/ xkdYaMumifh ]]SLoGif;tHh SLxkwftHh[k avhusifhonf}}[l qkdtyfayonf/ rSefay\-wyg;aom &[ef; f tm; (rsm;pGmaom uvmyftaygif; jzpf) trIetrTm; kytaygif;jzifjh yefYaom 0ifavtaygif;aomfif; xGuav f f f taygif;aomfif; tpom xifm;\? tv,fEitqk;onf rxifm;? xk&[ef;onf tpukom odr;qnf; Irwf S S hf H S d d f S jcif;iSg pGr;Eki\? tv,fEihf tqk; yifyef;\/ (tjcm;) &[ef;wyg;tm; tv,fom xifm;\ tpESitqk;onf f d f S H S hf H rxifm; (tjcm;) &[ef;wyg;tm; tqk;om xifm;\? tpESihf tv,fonf rxifm;? xk&[ef;onf tqk; S H S S d H ukomvQif odr;qnf; Irwjf cif;iSg pGr;Eki\? tpESihf tv,f yifyef;\/ (tjcm;) &[ef; wyg;tm; tvk;pkyif d f S f d f H H xifSm;\? xkd&[ef;onf tvk;pkuyif odr;qnf;Irwjf cif;iSg pGr;Eki\? wpkw&mrQ ryifyef;? xkoYdkaom yk*K vf H H dk f S f d f H d d jzpfoifonf[k jyawmfrvaomaMumifh ]]tvk;pkaom 0ifavtaygif;ukd odvsuf SLoGi;tH[k /y/ SLxkwt[k h l dk H H f h f hH avhusif\}} [l a[mawmfrlavonf/ h 266 xkpum;xJ oduw-(avhusif\) [lonfum; (tvk;pkaom 0ifav xGuav taygif;ukovsuf d d h H H f d d SLoGi;tHh SLxkwt[aom) tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh tm;xkw\ vkUH vy\/ wenf;um; xkoYdk (0ifav xGuav f f hH l f d f taygif;\ tp tv,f tqk;ukd odatmifaejcif;) oabmSaom &[ef;\ tMuif owdo0& 0D&, oH0&onf H I d H d Sd\? oH0&onf xdo;yg;aom odumwkYd wif t"dov odumaywnf;/ xkoYdk oabmSaom &[ef;\ tMuif k Hk G D d d pdwudk aumif;pGmxm;jcif;-pdwonf Munfjcif;[laom orm"donf S\? orm"donf t"dpwoum aywnf;/ f f d d d xkoYdk oabmSaom &[ef;\ tMuifynmonf S\? ynmonf t"dynmodumaywnf;? okYd tm;jzifh ok;yg; d d d H aom odumwkYd udk xk0ifav xGuavtmk xkowdjzifh xkEv;oGi;jcif;jzifh avhusif\ rS0\ yGg;ap\ tBudrf d f H d d S Hk f h D J rsm;pGm y\-[l okdYaomteufukd ]]oduwd- avhusif\}}[laomyk' rSwtyfayonf/ h f f (wnf&m 16-yg;Sdaom) xkbm0emenf;wkYd wif (SLoGi;onf[k od\? SLxkwonf[k od \[k tSnf d G f f twkdESifh pyfa[mxm;aom) aS;enf; 2-yg; oufouf SLoGi;tyfonfomvQif SLxkwf tyfonfomvQif jzpfay f onf? tjcm;wyg;aom yzG,f wpkwckrQ rSay/ wwd,enf;rS prlum; Pfujdk zpfapjcif; ponfwYdk H d tm;xkwjf cif;ukd ytyf\? xkYd aMumifh xktSn+twkEipyf a[mxm;aom yXr 'kwwenf; 2-yg; SLoGi;onf d f d S hf d f [k od\? SLxkwonf[k od\}} [lomvQif ypKyeumv\ tpGr;tm;jzifh a'oemtpOfudk a[mawmfrNl yD;vQif f f f wwd,enf;rSp yoifh yxkuaom Pfudk jzpfapjcif; tpSaom tjcif;t&mukd jyjcif;iSg ]]tvk;pkaom d f d H H 0ifav taygif;ukovsuf SLoGi;tH}h } okYd tpSaom enf;jzifh tem*wfumva[m 0dbwf\tpGr;tm;jzifh d d f d f a'oemtpOfudk wifxm;awmfronf[k odtyfayonf/ l um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf SLoGi;tHh /y/ SLxkwt[k avhusif\-[l&m teufum; keYf &if;aom f f f hH h (0ifav xGuav[laom) um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf wzefNidr;apvsuf csKyfapvsuf txl;ojzifNh idr;apvsuf SL f f f f oGi;tHh SLxkwt[k avhusif\/ xkpum;&yf keYf &if;jcif; odrarGUjcif;ukif;? Nidr;jcif;ukif; qkrnfpum;jzifh f f hH h d f d f d d h odtyf\/ csJUjytHh-a,m*D&[ef;\ (oEmef) 0ifav xGuavwkYd udk rodr;qnf;ao;rD (rIrwao;rD) aS; f f S f tcgu uk,onfif;? pdwonfif; ylyefjcif;Svsuf keYf &if;uke\? uk,EipwwYdk \ keYf &if;rI rNidr;vQif 0ifav d f f d f d f S hf d f f xGuavwkYd onfvnf; keYf &if;uke\? tvGetm;BuD;pGm jzpfuevsuf 0ifuef xGuue\?. ESmacgif;ayguf rqefYyJ f f f k f k f k f Sdwwf\? cHwi;jzifh SLoGi;vsuf SLxkwf vsufaomfvnf; wnfwwf\/ tMuiftcgrl xk&[ef;\ ..uk,Eihf G f f d d f S pdwwYdkonf odr;qnf;tyfNyD; jzpfue\?. xktcg xku,EipwwYdk onf Nidroufue\/ txl;ojzifh Nidrouf f f k f d d dk f S hf d f f k f f uke\/ xku,EipwwYdk Nidroufuevwfaomf 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf odrarGUpGm jzpfuevsuf 0ifuef f d dk f S hf d f f k f f f k f k xGuue\? ]](0ifav xGuav) Savoavm rSavoavm}}[k pl;prf;qifjciftyfonfh tajctaeokYd f k f f d d a&mufue\/ k f Oyrmjzifh jy&vQif ajy;NyD;aomfif;? awmifrS qif;vmNyD;aomfif;? (o,f,vmcJonf) 0efxyBf uD;ukd l h h k acgif;ay:rS csNyD;aomfif; wnfaeaom a,musfm;tm; keYf &if;ukeaom 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf jzpfue\? f f k f ESmacgif;aygufonf rqefYy\? cHwi;jzifh SLoGi;vsuf SLxkwvsufaomfvnf; wnf\/ tMuiftcgrl xkd J dS G f f f a,musm;onf xkarmyef;jcif;ukd y,fazsmufNyD;aemuf a&csK;a&aomufNyD;vQif pkaomt0wfudk &ifwifxm; f d d d at;jraom t&dy avsmif;ae\? xktcg xko\ 267 xk0if av xGuavwkYd onf odrarGUuke\? ]]Sdav f d d l d f f f oavm rSavoavm}}[k pl;prf;qifjciftyfonfh tajctaeokYd a&mufueouJoYdk xkYd twlyif a,m*D&[ef;\ d k f h (oEmef) 0ifav xGuavwkYd udk rodr;qnf;ao;rD aS;tcgu uk,onfif;? pdwonfif; ylyefjcif;Svsuf f f d f f d keYf &if;uke\? uk,EipwwYdk \ keYf &if;rIrNidr;vQif 0ifav xGuavwkYd onfvnf; keYf &if;uke\? tvGetm;BuD; f d f S hf d f f f f f
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pGm jzpfuevsuf 0ifuef xGuue\? ESmacgif;aygufrqefYyJ Swwf\? cHwi;jzifh SLoGi;vsuf SLxkwvsufaomf k f k f k f d G f f f vnf; wnf\/ tMuiftcgrl xk&[ef;\ uk,Eihf pdwwYdk onf odr;qnf;tyfNyD; jzpfue\ xktcg xku,Eihf d d f S f f k f d d dk f S pdwwYdkonf Nidroufue\ txl;ojzifh Nidroufue\? xku,Eipwf Nidroufuevwfaomf 0ifav xGuav f f k f f k f d dk f S hf d f k f f wkYd onf odrarGUpGmjzpfuevsuf 0ifuef xGuue\? ]]Savoavm rSavoavm}}[k pl;prf;qifjciftyfonfh f k f k f k f d d tajctaeokYd a&mufue\/ xkoYdk jzpfjcif;onf tb,faMumifenf;a,m*D&[ef;rSm 0ifav xGuavwkYd udk k f d h h f rodr;qnf;ao;rD aS;tcgu ]]keYf &if;ukef keYf &if;ukeaom um,ocFg&wkYd udk Nidr;aprnf}}[k &nf,jf cif; BuH f f f G pnfjcif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; rSao;? odr;qnf;aom umvrl S\? xkYd aMumifh a,m*D &[ef;rSm rodr; Hk f d f d f qnf;ao;rD umvxuf odr;qnf;aomumv um,ocFg&onf odrarGUayonf/ xkYd aMumifh aS;q&mwkYd onff f ]]uk,onfif;? pdwonfif; ylyefjcif;Svsuf vGeuaom 0ifav xGuavonf jzpf d f f d f J f \? uk,onfif;? (pdwonfif;) ylyefjcif;rSvQif odrarGUaom 0ifav xGuavonf d f f d f f aumif;pGm jzpf\]][k qkMd uayonf/ 221/ odrf;qnf;aomtcgvnf; kefY&if;ao;\? yXrpsmef\ Oypm odrarGU\? xkyXr psmef\ Oypm f d vnf; keYf &if;ao;\? yXrpsmef odrarGU\/ yXrpsmefif;? 'kw,psmef\ Oypmif; keYf &if;ao;\? 'kw,psmef f d d odrarGU\/ 'kw,psmefif;? wwd,psmef\ Oypmif; keYf &if;ao;\? wwd,psmefodrarGU\/ wwd,psmefif;? f d f pwkwpsmef\ Oypmif; keYf &if;ao;\? pwkwpsmef tvGeorarGU\ rjzpfjcif; rSjd cif;okYd omvQif a&mufav\/ f d f onfum; 'DCedum,faqmif oH,weum,faqmif q&mwkYd \ tvkaywnf;/ k d d rZdredum,faqmif q&mwkYd onfum; yXrpsmef keYf &if;\? 'kw,psmef\Oypm odrarGU\-okdY d f ponfjzifh atmufatmufpsmefxuf txuftxufpsmef\ Oypmvnf; om odrarGUonfudk tvkue\/ tcsKyf f d dS k f tm;jzifrum; edum,faqmif q&mtm;vk;wkYd \yif tvktm;jzifh rodr;qnf;ao;rD umv jzpfaom um,ocFg& h l H d f onf odr;qnf;aomumv Nidr;\? odr;qnf;qJ (aSUyki;)umv jzpfaom um,ocFg&onf yXrpsmef\ f f f d f Oypm Nidr;\? yXrpsmef\ Oypm jzpfaom um,ocFg&onf yXrpsmef Nidr;\/y/ pwkwpsmef\ Oypm f f jzpfaom um,ocFg&onf pwkwpsmef Nidr;\/ onfum; aS;OD;pGm orxt&m (Nidr;yku) odaMumif; f f H dk enf;aywnf;/ 0dyemt&m (odaMumif;enf;)um; rodr;qnf;ao;rD jzpfaom um,ocFg&onf keYf &if;\? r[m f bkwwYdk udk odr;qnf;aomtcg odrarGU\/ if;onfvnf; keYf &if;ao;\? Oyg'gkywYdk udk odr;qnf;aomtcg f f f f f odrarGU\? if;onfvnf; keYf &if;ao;\? kytm;vk;ukd odr;qnf;aomtcg odrarGU\/ if;onfvnf; kefY&if; f f H f f ao;\? emrfudk odr;qnf;aomtcg odrarGU\/ if;onfvnf; keYf &if;ao;\? kyemrfEpyg;ukd odr;qnf;aom f f f S f f tcg odrarGU\? if;onfvnf; keYf &if;ao;\? taMumif;ukd odr;qnf;aomtcg odrarGU\? if;onfvnf; f f f keYf &if;ao;\? taMumif;ESiwuG emrfywYdk udk odr;qnf;aomtcg odrarGU\/ if;onfvnf; keYf &if;ao;\? hf k f f f tedp 'ku tew vuPmukd odjrifaom 0dyem odrarGU\/ if;onfvnf; tm;enf;aom 0dyem keYf &if; f ao;\? tm;BuD;aom (Av0) 0dyem odrarGU\/ xkoYdk tqifqifh odrarGU&m aS;orxt&mrSm qkcaom f d h f d hJ enf;jzifyifvQif 268 aemufaemuf odrarGUaom um,ocFg&jzifh aS;aS;keYf &if;aom um,ocFg&\ Nidr;jcif;ukd h f f odtyf\/ (keYf &if;aom um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf[aom) pum;&yf keYf &if;jcif; odrarGUjcif;ukif;? Nidr; f l f d f jcif;ukd if; ,ckjyqkconftwki;yif odtyfayonf/ d hJ h d f y#dord'gr*fygVdawmfum; (keYf &if;aom um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf-[laom) yk'\ teufu1 f f dk (tjypfjyvsuf ar;jcif;[laom) apm'em (ajzSi;okwoifjcif; [laom) aom"emwkYd EiwuG atmufygtwki; f f S hf d f rdeYf qxm;avonfdk ]]tb,fokdY um,ocFg&ukd Nidrf;apvsuf oGif;tHh[k /y/ xkwftHh[k avhusifh oenf;/ um,ocFg&wkYd [lonf tb,fonfwYdk enf;/ Snaom 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf f f uk, jzpfue\? 0ifav xGuav w&m;wkYd onf uk,Eipyf jzpfMuaomaMumifh um, d f k f f d f S hf ocFg& rnfue\? xkd um,ocFg&wkYd udk Nidr;apvsuf csKyfapvsuf txl;ojzifh Nidr;apvsuf k f f f avhusif\/ wkaom 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf/y/ tvk;pkaom 0ifav xGuav taygif;ukd h d f H H f odvsuf ([k a[mxm;aom) 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf uk,jzpfue\? 0ifavxGuav f d f k f f w&m;wkYd onf uk,Eipyf jzpfMuaomaMumifh um,ocFg& rnfue\? xkum,ocFg&wkYd d f S hf k f d
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ukd Nidr;apvsuf csKyfapvsuf txl;ojzifh Nidr;apvsuf avhusi\/ tMuifoYdk aom 0ifav f f hf xGuav um,ocFg&wkYd aMumifh uk,\ (tmerem) aSUokYd nwjf cif; (0derem) ab;okYd nwf f d f G G jcif; (oErem) xuf0ef;usif nGwjf cif; (yPrem) aemufoYdknwjf cif; (Oem) wkejf cif; G (zEem) vIyjf cif; (pvem) aGUSm;jcif; (urem) wkevyjf cif; (jzpf\)? xkoYdkaom um, f I d ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf oi;tH[k avhusif\? xkoYdk aom um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf f G f h h d f xkwftHh[k avhusif\/ tMuifoYdk aom um,ocFg& wkYd aMumifh uk,\aSUokYd nGwjf cif;rjzpf h d f ab;okYd nGejf cif;rjzpf xuf0ef;usif nGwjf cif;rjzpf aemufoYdk nGejf cif;rjzpf rwkervIyf f raGUSm; rwkevy?f xkoYdk aom NidrouforarGUaom um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf oi;tH[k f I d f d f f G f h avhusif\ /y/ xkwftHh[k avhusifh\/ h ,ck jyqkconftwki; tvGeYf tvGef odrarGUaom um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf d hJ h d f f f oi;tH[k tu,f avhusifjh im;th?H tvGeYf tvGeorarGUaom um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf G f h f d f f xkwfthH[k tu,f avhusifhjim;tHh? okdYjzpfvQif 0ifav xGuavukd &aompdwudk yGg;apjcif; f f vnf;rjzpf? 0ifav xGuavwkYd udk yGg;apjcif;vnf;rjzpf? 0ifav xGuavukd trSw&rI f f f tmemygewdudk yGg;apjcif;vnf; rjzpf? tmemygewdEihf ,SOaom orm"ukd yGg;apjcif; S f vnf; rjzpf? xkqcaom tmemygeormywfudk ynmSwYdk onf 0ifpm;Ekiueonfvnf;rS&m? d dk hJ d d f k f d xkd ormywfrS xukeonfvnf; rS&m? (um; apm'emwnf;)/ f d ,ck jyqkconftwki; tvGeYf tvGef odrarGUaom um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf d hJ h d f f f oi;tH[k .... xwt[k tu,f avhusifjh im;tH?h okYd jzpfvQif 0ifav xGuavuk&aom G f h k f hH f d pdwudk yGg;apjcif;vnf; jzpfay\? 0ifav xGuavwkYd udk yGg;apjcif;vnf; jzpfay\? 0ifav f f xGuavukd trSw&rI-tmemygewdudk yGg;apjcif;vnf; jzpfay\? tmemyg ewdEihf ,SOf f f S aom orm"dudk yGg;apjcif;vnf; jzpfay\? xkqcaom tmemygeormywfudk ynmSwYdk onf d dk hJ d 0ifpm;vnf; 0ifpm;Ekiue\? xkormywfrS xvnf; xuke\/ tb,fuoYdk enf;[lrd f k f d f hJ l aMu;cGuudk wD;acgufvuvQif keYf &if;jyif;xefaom toHwYdk onf jzpfue\? keYf &if; f dk f k f jyif;xefaom toHwYdk \ edrwudk aumif;pGm ,lxm;jcif; aumif;pGm ESv;oGi;xm;jcif; d f Hk f aumif;pGm r xm;jcif;aMumifh keYf &if; jyif;xefaom toH csKyfom;aomfvnf; xkYd aemif 269 wf S G odrarGUaom toHwYdkonf (em; Mum;& vsu) rjywf jzpfaeuke\? odrarGUaom toHwYdk \ f f f f edrwudk aumif;pGm ,lxm;jcif; aumif;pGm ESv;oGi;xm;jcif; aumif;pGm rSwxm;jcif;aMumifh d f Hk f f odrarGUaom toHcsKyfom;aomfvnf; xkYd aemif (jzpfay:vmom om) odrarGUaom toHvQif f G f tmkaom pdwonfvnf; rjywfjzpfaeouJoYdk xkYd twlyif aS;OD;pGmkeYf &if;aom 0ifav H dS f h xGuav wkYd onf jzpfue\? keYf &if;aom 0ifav xGuavwkYd \ edrwudk aumif;pGm,lxm; f k f f d f jcif; aumif;pGm ESv;oGi;xm;jcif; aumif;pGm rSwxm;jcif;aMumifh keYf &if;aom 0ifav xGuf Hk f f av csKyfom;aomfvnf; xkYd aemif odrarGUaom 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf (aom bm0empdw G f f f xifm;vsu) rjywf jzpfue\? odrarGUaom 0ifav xGuavwkYd \ edrwudk aumif;pGm,l S f k f f f d f xm;jcif; aumif;pGm ESv;oGi;xm;jcif; aumif;pGmrSwxm;jcif;aMumifh odrarGUaom 0ifav Hk f f f xGuavcsKyfom;aomfvnf; xkYd aemif (jzpfay:vmaom om) odrarGUaom 0ifav xGuav f G f f edrwvQif tmkaom pdwonfvnf; (rjywfjzpfay\) ysUH vGijhf cif;okYd ra&mufay/ d f H dS f okYdjzpfvQif (0g-okYd jzpfaomaMumif) 0ifav xGuavukd &aompdwudk yGg;apjcif;onf h f f vnf; jzpfay\? 0ifav xGuavwkYd udk yGg;apjcif;onfvnf; jzpfay\? 0ifav xGuavukd f f trSw&rI tmemygewdudk yGg;apjcif;onfvnf; jzpfay\? tmemygewdEihf ,SOaom f S f orm"dudk yGg;apjcif;onfvnf; jzpfay\? xkqcaom tmemyge ormywfudk ynmSd wkYd onf d dk hJ 0ifpm;vnf; 0ifpm;Ekiue\? xkormywfrS xvnf; xuke\/ um,ocFg&ukd Nidr;apvsuf d f k f d f f ([k a[mxm;aom) 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf um,aywnf;? xifjcif; trSw&jcif;onf owd f f aywnf;? Ijcif;onf Pfaywnf;/ um,onf owd\xif&mjzpfaomaMumifh Oy|meom rnf\? (trSw&rI r[kwaomaMumif) owdum;rrnf/ owdonfum; xifwwf trSw& f f h f wwfaomaMumifh Oy|mevnf; rnf\ owdvnf; rnf\/ xkowdjzifh xkPfjzifh xk0ifav d d d xGufavtaygif; um,ukd tzefzef\/ xkYd aMumifh um, um,ukd Iaom (0g-um,[k I
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a&wGuaomtcgvnf; aS;OD;pGm pyg;jcifo\ a&wGujf cif;rsK;jzpfaom aES;aES;a&wGujf cif;jzifh a&wGuf f l d tyf\/ csJUjytHh-pyg;jcifaom olonf wif;awmif;ukd jynfapNyD;vQif wwif;[kq avmif;\/ wzef wif; h dk awmif;ukd jynfappOf wpkwckaom trIuujdk rif xktrIuudk z,fxwypfaomfvnf; wwif; wwif;[lom h H d f d d f k f qkae\/ ESpwif; ESpwif; ponfwYdk vnf; enf;yifwnf;/ xkYd twlyif a,m*Donfvnf; 0ifav xGuav d f f f wkYd wif tMuifavonf xifay:\? 271 xkavukd ,l wpf wpfrp wq,f wq,fwiatmif jzpfwi; G d S dk f dk f jzpfwi;aom 0ifav xGuavukd rSwvsuomvQif a&wGutyf\/ okYd a&wGuaevQif xka,m*Dtm; 0ifuef dk f f f f f f f d k xGuueaom 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf xifm;uke\/ f k f f S f xktcg pyg;jcifo\ a&wGujf cif;rsK;jzpfaom aES;aES;a&wGujf cif;ukd y,f EGm;ausmif;om;\ a&wGujf cif; d l d rsK;jzpfaom jrefjrefa&wGujf cif;jzifh a&wGutyf\/ csJUjytHh-uRr;usiaom EGm;ausmif;om;onf ausmufp&pf d f f f ponfwYdk udk cg;ykujf zifh ,lc ud;ESihf 0g;&if;'kwudk vufjzifh uk,vsuf eHeuf apmapmuyif NcHoYdk om; EGm;wkYd udk d hJ f d f G ausmufue; ykwcwfum wHcg;wkixy xkivsuf wHcg;0okYd a&mufvmwki; a&mufvmwki;aom EGm;ukomvQif k f f d f d f d f d f d f d ausmufp&pfjzifh ypfcwf wpf ESpponfjzifh a&wGu\? usO;ajrmif;aom t&yf wnOfv; qif;&Jpmae&aom EGm; f f f h Hk G taygif;onf xGuvwf xGuvwfaomf tcsif;csif; wk;a0SYywwuvsuf vsifpmvsifpm tpkvutpkvuxu\? f f d G f dk f G G dk f dk f G f xkEm;ausmif;om;onf ]]ok; av; ig; wq,f}}ponfjzifh vsifpm vsifpm a&wGuonfomvQifwnf;/ xkYd twlyif d G H G G f a,m*Drmvnf; aS;jycJaom taES;enf;jzifh a&wGuaepOf 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf xifm;jzpfuevsuf S h f f S k f vsipmvsipm tzefzef 0ifuef xGuue\? xktcg a,m*Donf ]]tzefzef 0ifuef xGuueonf}}[k odojzifh f G f G k f k f d k f k f twGi;if;? tjyifif; r,lr ESmoD;0okYd a&mufvmwki; a&mufvmwki;aom 0ifav xGuavukomvQif f l d f d f f d ,lvsuf ]]wpf ESpf ok; av; ig;? wpf ESpf ok; av; ig; ajcmuf? wpf ESpf ok; av; ig; ajcmuf ckepf? wpf ESpf ok; H H H H av; ig; ajcmuf ckepf Sp?f wpf ESpf ok; av; ig; ajcmuf ckepf Spf uk;? wpf ESpf ok; av; ig; ajcmuf ckepf Spf H d H uk; wq,f}}[k vsifpm vsifpm a&wGutyfonfomvQifwnf;/ rSeay\-a&wGujf cif;ESipyfaom ur|mef; a& d G G f f hf wGujf cif;\ tm;pGr;jzifyifvQif pdwonf wckwnf;aom tmkvsuf wnfMunfay\? Oyrm a&pD;oefaom a& f h f H dS ,mOf xk;0g;tultnD\ tpGr;jzifh avS\ &yfwnfjcif;uJoYdkyifwnf;/ d f h okYd vsifpm vsifpm a&wGuaeaom xka,m*Dtm; ur|mef; tmkonf tjcm;rSyJ rjywfjzpf aeouJoYdk G G f d H d h jzpfvsuf xifay:\/ xktcg ]]tjcm;rSyJ rjywfjzpfaeonf}}[k odNyD;vQif twGi;okYd 0ifom;aom avukif;? d d f G d tjyifoYdk xGuom;aom avukif; ESv;roGi;-rodr;qnf;rl aS;enf;jzifyif vsifpm vsifpm a&wGutyf\/ f G d Hk f f h G G f rSeay\-twGi;okYd 0ifom;aomavESitwl pdwu0ifapvQif uk,wi; t&yfonf avjzifh cwftyf-um;aptyf f f G hf f dk d f G f ouJoYdk if;? tqDjzifh jynfaeouJoYdk if; jzpfwwf\? tjyifoYdk xGuom;aom avESitwl pdwuxwaqmifvQif h h h f G hf f dk k f tjyify txl;xl;aomtmk pdwonf ysHUvGiwwf\? pifppfaomfum; xd&m xd&m t&yfomvQif owduxm; H f hf dk yGg;apoltm; bm0emonf NyD;pD;jynfp\/ xkYd aMumifh ]]twGi;okYd 0ifom;aomavukif;? tjyifoYdk xGuom;aom h Hk f G d f G avukif; ESv;roGi;-rodr;qnf; rl aS;enf;jzifyif vsifpm vsifpm a&wGutyf \}}[k igqkcayonf/ d Hk f f h G G f d hJ tb,frQavmufMumatmif 0ifav xGuavukd a&wGutyfoenf;[lrl a&wGujf cif;ESihf uif; f f 0ifav xGuavtmk owdaumif;pGm wnfonfwiatmif (a&wGutyfayonf)/ rSway\-a&wGujf cif;onf f H dk f f f tjyify jyefYom;aeaom 0dwuf\ jywfpjJ cif;ukd y 0ifav xGuavtmk owdudk aumif;pGm wnfapjcif; G f H tusKd;iSgomvQif jzpfayonf/ 272 224/ qkconftwki; a&wGujf cif; (*Pemenf;)jzifh ESv;oGi;NyD;vQif tpOfvujf cif; (tEkAEem d hJ h d f Hk f dk enf;)jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ tEkAEemrnfonfum; a&wGujf cif;ukd kyor; 0ifavxGuavwkYd udk tjcm;tjywf Hk f f d f f rSdyJ trSwf-owdjzifh tpOfvujf cif;aywnf;/ if;onfvnf; tp tv,f tqk;wkYd udk tpOfvuonf\ tpGr; dk H dk f f tm;jzifh (tpOfvujf cif;um;) r[kway/ csJUjytH-tjyifoYdk xGuaomav\ tpum;csufaywnf;? tv,fum; dk f h f &ifcsKdit&yfaywnf;? tqk;um; ESmoD;zsm;aywnf;/ twGi;okYd 0ifaom av\ tpum; ESmoD;zsm;aywnf;? tv,f hf H f um; &ifcsKdit&yfaywnf;? tqk;um;csufaywnf;/ xktp tv,f tqk;ukd tpOfvuaom xka,m*D\ pdwonf hf H d H dk f d f ysUH vGijhf cif;okYd a&mufvsuf ylyefyifyef;rIEiwuG jzpf&efvnf; jzpf\ ur|mef;ESv;oGi;rI vIym;&efvnf;(jzpf\)/ S hf Hk f f S tqkEitnD a[mxm;aom a'oemum;d S hf ]]tmo (0ifav)\ tp tv,f tqk;ukd owdjzifh tpOfvuaom yk*Kd vftm; H dk f twGi; ysUH vGijhf cif;okYd a&mufaompdwjf zifh uk,onfif;? pdwonfif; ylyefyifyef;rIEiwuG f d f f S hf jzpfue\ wkevnf; wkeue\ vIyvnf; vIyue\/ ymo (xGuav)\ tp tv,f k f f f k f f f k f f
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99
xkd (okYd tmemygewdonf rsm;aom tusKd;tmedoif Sjd cif;)aMumifh tajrmftjrif PfynmESihf jynfpaom ynmSonf qkconftwki; rsm;jym;aom tmedoifEihf jynfpHk h Hk d d hJ h d f S h aom tmemygewd ur|mef;ukd aeYa&m nOfyg tcgcyfor; rarhravsmhyJ pifppfrepm h d f S f G tm;xkw&mawmhownf;/ um; Oa,smZOfaywnf;/ f ,ck qkcNhJ yD;aom pum;onf tmemygewd ur|mef; tus,jf yqkaom pum;t>ruf aywnf;/ d d
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100
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arwmjzefYyudk jy&muJoYdk taem"do arwmjzefYyudk jy&m wxm-o'gukif; wd-o'gukif; wzefxyf Hk h Hk d d ra[mcJay? xkUd aMumifh arwmo[*awe apwom-[k wzefxyf a[m(tyf) ayonf/ wenf;aomfum; ed*;csKyf h Hk onfh tvktm;jzifh xkpum;ukd rdeYf q(tyf) ayonf/ 0dyave-[laom yk' jzefYjcif;\tpGr;tm;jzifh jyefYajym d d dk k f f jcif;ukd rSwtyf\/ lybkH\tpGr;tm;jzifh arwmpsmefonf r[*Kwfrnfay\/ avhvm aus>yefonf\ tpGr; f f f tm;jzifif; twki;tSnf tydi;tjcm; rSaom ow0gwkYd udk tmkH yonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifif; tyrmPrnfay\/ h d f k f d f h Asmyg'-a'go[laom &efoudk y,fjcif;aMumifh ta0&-rnfay\/ a'greukd y,fjcif;aMumifh tAsmyZrnfay\? l pdwqif;&JrS-[k qkv\/ ,ckqcaom pum;onf arwmo[*awe apwom-tp Saomenf;jzifh a[mxm; f d d dk dk hJ d aom trsKd;rsKd; taxGaxGyjcif; arwmyGg;jcif;\ teufaywnf;/ 255/ quf Sif;jyOD;tHh-,ck jycJaom trsK;rsK; taxGaxG arwmyGg;jcif;onf tyemokYd a&mufonfh h d d pdwaom yk*Kd vftm;om NyD;pD;jynfpouJoYdk xkYd twlf dS h Hk h ]]ig;yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh tyki;tjcm;rSaomtm;jzifh jzefYaom (taem"do) d f d arwmapawm0drwonf jzpf\? ckepfyg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh jzefYaom k d d f (Mo"do) arwmapawm0drwonf jzpf\? q,fyg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh t&yfrsufEmukd k d S jzefYaom arwmapawm0drwonf jzpf\}}[l k d y#dor'gr*f a[mxm;aom trsKd;rsKd; taxGaxG arwmyGg;jcif;onfvnf; tyemokYd a&mufonfh pdwdS d f aom yk*Kd vftm;om NyD;pD;jynfponf[k odtyfayonf/ h Hk xky#dord'gr*f (oaA owm) tvk;pkaom ow0gwkYd onf (ta0&m) &efuif;Muygap? (tAsmyZm) pdwf d H H qif;&J uif;Muygap? (teDCm) uk,qif;&J uif;Muygap? (okcD twmeH y&d[&EK) csr;omESijhf ynfp rdru,udk d f f h Hk d dk f GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (1)/ (oaA ygPm) tvk;pkaom toufowYdk onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf u f dk H H l f dk ygap? (2)/ (oaA blwm) tvk;pkaom xifm;jzpfowYdk onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (3)/ H H S l f dk (oaAy*vm) tvk;pkaom yk*Kd vfwYdk onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap (4)/ (oaA twbm0y&d,m k H H f dk yEm) tvk;pkaom twabm twGi;0ifowYdk onf &efuif;Muygap? pdwqif;&J uif;Muygap? uk,qif;&J H H f l f d f uif;Muygap? csrf;omESijhf ynhp rdru,udk GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (5) [laom ig;yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh f Hk d dk f f dk tyki;tjcm;rSaomtm;jzifh jzefYaom (taem"do) arwmapawm0drwudk odtyf\/ d f d k d (oAm wa,m) tvk;pkaom rde;rwkYd onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (1)/ (oaA d H H f f dk yk&om) tvk;pkaom a,musfm;wkYd onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (2)/ (oaA t&d,m) tvk;pkH d H H f dk H aom t&d,mwkYd onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (3)/ (oaA te&d,m) tvk;pkaom ykxZOfwYdk f dk H H k onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (4)/ (oaA a'0g) tvk;pkaom ewfwYdk onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ f dk H H GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (5)/ (oaA rEkm) tvk;pkaom vlwYdk onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap? f dk H H f dk (6)/ (oaA 0deygwdum) tvk;pkaom tyg,fbom;wkYd onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (7) d H H Hk f dk [laom ckepfyg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh jzefYaom (Mo"do) arwmapawm0drwuotyf\/ d f k d dk d (yk&wrm, 'dom,) taSUrsufEm tvk;pkaom ow0gwkYd onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEif d S H H f dk Muygap? (1)/ (ypdrm, 'dom,) taemufrsufEm tvk;pkaom ow0gwkYd onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ (2)/ (Ow&m S H H , 'dom,) ajrmuft&yfrsuEm/y/ (3)/ ('uPm, 'dom,) awmift&yfrsufEm/y/ (4)/ (yk&wrm, tEk'd f S d S d om,) taSUawmift&yfrsufEm/y/ (5)/ (ypdrm, tEk'om,) taemufajrmuft&yfrsufEm/y/ (6)/ 303 S d S (Ow&m, tEk'om,) taSUajrmuf t&yfrsufEm/y/ (7)/ ('udPm, tEk'om,) taemufawmif t&yfrsufEm d S d S /y/ (8)/ (a[|drm, 'dom,) atmuft&yfrsufEm/y/ (9)/ (Oy&drm, 'dom,) txuft&yfrsufEm tvk;pkH S S H aom ow0gwkYd onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap? (10)/ (ow0g& 1) f dk taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom toufowYdk onf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GuaqmifEif S H H l f dk Muygap (1)/ taemuft&yfrsufEm/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaomtoufowYdk onf S S H H l &efuif; Muygap/y/ GufaqmifEkdifMuygap (10)/ (ygP0g& 2) taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom xifm;jzpfowYdk onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm tvk;pkH S H H S l S H
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aom xifm;jzpfowYdkonf &efuif;Muygap/y/ GufaqmifEkdifMuygap (10)/ (blw0g& 3) S l taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom yk*Kd vfwYdk onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm/y/ Guaqmif S H H S f EkiMf uygap (10)/ (yk*v0g& 4) d taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom twabm twGi;0ifowYdk onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm S H H f l S /y/ GuaqmifEiMf uygap (10)/ (twbm0y&d,myE0g& 5) f dk taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom rde;rwkYd onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm/y/ GuaqmifEif S H H f S f dk Muygap (10)/ (wd0g& 6) taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom a,musfm;wkYd onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm/y/ Guf S H H S aqmifEiMf uygap (10)/ (yk&o0g& 7) dk d taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom t&d,mwkYd onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm/y/ Guaqmif S H H S f EkiMf uygap (10)/ (t&d,0g& 8) d taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom ykxZOfwYdk onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm/y/ Guaqmif S H H k S f EkiMf uygap (10)/ (te&d,0g& 9) d taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom ewfwYdk onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm/y/ Guaqmif S H H S f EkiMf uygap (10)/ (a'00g& 10) d taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom vlwYdk onf/y/ txuft&yfrsufEm/y/ GuaqmifEiMf u S H H S f dk ygap (10)/ (rEk0g& 11) taSUt&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom tyg,fbom;wkYd onf/y/ txuf t&yfrsufEm tvk;pkH S H H Hk S H aom tyg,fbom;wkYd onf &efuif;Muygap? pdwqif;&J uif;Muygap? uk,qif;&J uif;Muygap? Hk f d f csrf;omESijhf ynfp rdru,udk GuaqmifEiMf uygap (10) (0deygwdu0g& 12)[laom q,fyg; h Hk d dk f f dk d aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh t&yfrsufEmukd jzefYaom arwmapawm0drwudk odtyf\/ S k d 256/ (arwmyGg;ykujdk yaom oaA owm-tpSaom) xkpum;&yf oaA-tvk;pkuef aom-[laom H d d H H k pum;onf t<uif;rJor;,laom pum;aywnf;/ owm-ow0gwkYd -[l&m kytpSaom cEmwkYd vkcsifwyfruf h d f f d d aom qE&m*jzifh NiduyfMuwG,wmMuaomaMumifh owm-ow0gwkYd rnfue\/ rSeay\-jrwfpmbk&m;onf f k f f G atmufyg pum;ukd a[mawmfrl (tyf)ayonf/ ]](&[ef;tkBd uD;) &m" ky tMuif vkcsifjcif;onf tMuifwyfrufjcif;onf tMuif f d ESpoufjcif;onf tMuifqmavmifjcif; wPSmonf\? xky xkwPSmjzifh Niduyfw,wm f dS d k f d G f wwf\? xkYd aMumifh ow-ow0g [k ac:qkdtyf\/ a0'em .... onm .... ocFg&wkdY .... 0dnmPf tMuif vkcsifjcif;onf .... tMuif qmavmifjcif; wPSmonf S\? xkd 0dnmPf d d xkwPSmjzifh Niduyfw,wmwwf\? xkYd aMumifh ow-ow0g[k ac:qkdtyf\}}[lyif wnf;/ d G f quf Sif;jy OD;tHh- ow0g [laom a0g[m&onf wyfrufrI &m*uif;aom &[EmwkYd vnf; twifkVD twGifkVD o'gtvkdtm;jzifh jzpfonfomvQiwnf;? wmv0P-xef;Gu,yf [laom a0g[m&onf f f 0g;ES;jzifh vkyxm;aom ,yftxl; jzpfouJoYdk yifwnf;/ o'gq&mwkYd onfum; teufudk rpdppfr owD f h l ow0g [laom trnfudk trnfrQom[l tvkue\/ teufudk pdppfaom q&mwkYd onfvnf; owG*PEihf d dS k f k f S ,SOjf cif;aMumifh ow-ow0grnfonf[k tvkdSdukef\/ toufwwfaomaMumifh ygPrnfue\? xGuouf 0ifoufEipyfaom jzpfjcif;SaomaMumif[qv\/ k f f S hf d h k dk dk xifm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh blw rnfue\? aumif;pGm jzpfjcif; topfxifm;jzpfjcif;aMumif[k qkv\/ i&Judk yk-[k S k f S h d dk H
115
ac:onf? xki&JoYdk a&mufwwfaomaMumifh yk*v-yk*Kd vfrnfue\/ uk,udk okYd r[kwf cEmig;yg;taygif;ukd d k f d f (tw [k xifrw&jcif;\ taMumif;jzpfaomaMumif) twbm0-twabm-[k ac:onf? tb,faMumifenf;[lrl S f h h xkcEmig;yg;taygif;ukp ynwfrQ jzpfoifaomaMumifaywnf;/ xdk twbm0-twabm y&d,myEjzpfaom d d JG h h aMumifh twbm0y&d,myE rnfue\? y&d,myEm [lonfum; yki;jcm;tyfueonf twGi;0ifueonf[k teuf k f d f k f f k f &\/ 304 quf Sif;jyOD;tHh-two'guJoYdk yif xkYd twl<uif;aom ygP-tpSdaom o'gwkdYukdvnf; kVD h tpGr;tm;jzifwif o'gtm;vk;wkYd onf ow0gtm;vk;ukd a[monfh a00kpf y&d,m,f pum;vS,wYdk jzpfMu f h H H f onf [l odtyfue\/ ow0gtm;vk;ukd a[monfh a00kpf y&d,m,f pum;vS,f jzpfMuaom ZEK ZD0 tpSaom k f H d tjcm;o'gwkYd vnf; SMd uao;\? okYd aomfvnf; xifm;onf\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh ig;yk'fwkdYukdom ,l ]]ig;yg;aom S tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh tyki;tjcm; rSaomtm;jzifh jzefYaom (taem"do) arwmapawm0drwd jzpfonf}}[l a[mxm; d f d k ayonf/ tMuifq&mwkYd onfum; ow ygP paom o'gwkYd \ xl;jcm;jcif;onf oufouf o'grQjzifom [l h r,lvue?f pifppfaomfum; teuft& tm;jzifvnf; xl;jcm;jcif;ukd ,lvue&m\/ xkq&mwkYd \ (tvktm;jzif) dk k h dk k f d d h tyki;tjcm; rSaomtm;jzifh jzefYjcif;onf qefYusif\/ xkYd aMumifh xkoYdk teuft&yg uGjJ ym;aom teufudk r,lrl d f d d ig;yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkdYwGif wyg;yg; \ tpGr;tm;jzifh tyki;tjcm; rSaomtm;jzifh (taem"do) arwmukd f d f d jzefYtyfayonf/
528-oG,farwm a&wGufykH
257/ okYd jzefY&mvnf; tvk;pkaom ow0gwkYd onf &efuif;Muygap [laom arwmjzefYjcif;onf H H 2 wckaom tyem aywnf; / (tAsmyZm) pdwqif;&J uif;Muygap [laom jzefYjcif;onf wckaom tyemay f wnf;/ tAsmyZm[lonfum; AsmAm"ac:aom ESypufwwfonfh (pdw)qif;&J uif;ukeonf([kqv\/) (teDCm) d f f f dk dk uk,qif;&J uif;Muygap [laom jzefYjcif;onf wckaom tyem aywnf;/ teDCm-[lonfum; (ed'K um) d f (uk,f qif;&J uif;ukeonf1 ([kqv\)/ csrf;omESihf jynfp rdru,udk GuaqmifEiMf uygap[laom d f dk dk h Hk d dk f f dk jzefYjcif;onf wckaom tyemaywnf;/ xkYd aMumifh av;yk'wYdk wivnf; tMuif tMuify'onf xifm;\? xkxdk f G f k f S d xifm;aomyk'\ tpGr;tm;jzifh arwmukd jzefYtyf\/ qkconftwki; (tvk;pkaom ow0gwkYd onftpSaom) S f f d hJ h d f H H d ig;yg;aom tjcif; t&mwkYd (&efuif;Muygap tpSaom) av;yg; av;yg;aom tyemwkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh d f (taem"do) tyki;tjcm; rSaomtm;jzifh jzefY&m tyem 20-jzpfue\/ d f d k f (Mo"do) tyki;tjcm;tm;jzifh jzefY&mum; (tvk;pkaom rde;rwkYd onf tpSaom) ckepfyg;aom tjcif; d f H H f d t&mwkYd av;yg; av;yg;aom tyemwkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh tyem 28-yg; jzpfue\/ qufOD;tHh-tyki;tjcm; f k f d f tm;jzifh jzefY&m rde;rwkYd onf a,musm;wkYd onf [laom 2-yk'udk vdi\tpGr;tm;jzifh a[m(tyf)ayonf/ f f f f f t&d,mwkYd onf t&d,mr[kwowYdk onf [laom 2-yk'udk t&d,mESihf ykxZOfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh (a[mtyf f l f k f ayonf)/ ewfwYdk onf vlwYdk onf 0deygwdutyg,fbHk om;wkYd onf [laom 3-yk'udk uyf jzpfjcif; [laom d f (Oyygwf) y#doaE\ tpGr;tm;jzifh (a[mtyfayonf)/ f t&yfrsufEmtm;jzifh jzefY&mum; ]]taSU t&yfrsufEm tvk;pkaom ow0gwkYd onf}} okYd tpSaom S S H H d enf;jzifh wck wckaom t&yfrsuEm ESpq,f ESpq,fy ESp&m (200)jzpfue\/ ]]taSU t&yfrsufESm tvkH;pkH f S f f f k f aom rde;rwkYd onf okYd tpSaomenf;jzifh wckwckaom t&yfrsufEm ESpqpf ESpqpf wkYd udk y ESp&mhpf f d S f hJ S f hJ S f S q,f (280) jzpfue\/ okYd tm;jzifh tyemav;&mhpq,f (480) jzpfue\/ (taem"do 20+Mo"do 28+ k f S f k f t&yfrsuEmjzifh jzefY&m 480-[laom) tjym;tm;jzifh y#dord'gr*f a[mxm;aom tyemtvk;pkwYdk onf f S H H ig;&mhEpqpf (528)yg; jzpfue\/ wGif w&yfNyD;\/ S f hJ S k f
116
arwm\ tmedoif tusKd; 11-yg;

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117
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qk&efoifay\/ qk&ef oufoufrQom oifonfr[kwao;? twki;yif {uef aqmifrwxm;&efvnf; oifvS d h d h f d f S f h ay\/ rSeay\-xky#dConmwkYd udk tlypsmefrS aS; ry,f&ao;aomaMumifyifvQif yXrpsmefu0ifpm;aeaom f d h dk oltm; toHudk ql;ajimif[ jrwfpmbk&m;u a[mawmfrayonf/ tlypsmefum; (if;wkYd u) y,fNyD; jzpfaom h l G l dk aMumifyif tlyormywfwYdk wkevyjf cif; rSonfh (tmaeO) tjzpfuif;? Nidroufaom 0darmu tjzpfuif; h f I d dk f dk a[mawmfrl (tyf) ayonf/ xkYd jyif umvmrtEG,jf zpfaom tmVm&&aohonfvnf; tlyormywfudk 0ifpm;aepOf (rdr\ teD;okYd ) uyfr uyfr vGeom;ukeaom vSn;ig;&mwkYd udk rjrifvuyJ vSn;wkYd \ toHuvnf; d DS DS f G f f dk f f dk rMum;vkuyJ Sayonf/ wGif tzGiw&yf/ d f d hf 324 279/ emewonmeH treodum&m-[l&m txl;xl; (trsKd;rsKd;) oabmSaomtmk jzpfaom d H onmwkYd onf emewonm rnfue\1? wenf;um; txl;xl;(trsKd;rsKd;) oabmSaom onmwkYd onf emew k f d onm rnfue\2? rSeay\ ]]xkpum;&yf emewonmwkYd [onf tb,fwYdk enf; ormywf0ifpm;ckuf r[kw k f f d l d f raem"mwfEiwuG jzpfo\aomfif;? raem0dnmP"mwfEiwuG jzpfo\aomfif; onmonf rSwom;jcif;onf S hf l S hf l f rSwom;wwfonf\ tjzpfonf S\? rSwom;rIwYdk udk emewonmwkYd [k qktyfue\}}[l okdY 0dbif;ygVd f d f d k f a0bef a[mxm;(tyf) ukeaom3 tlypsmeft&mvnf; qkv(tyf)ukeaom3 ormywf0ifpm;ckuf r[kwo\ f d dk f d f l (oEmef) raem"mwf raem0dnmP"mwfwYdkjzifh a&wGutyfueaom onmwkYd onf tqif; toH ponf tjym; f k f Saom txl;xl; (trsKd;rsKd;) oabmSaom tmk jzpfue\? (xkYd aMumifvnf; emewonmwkYd [ qktyfue\)? d d H k f h l d k f 1 xkYd jyif umrukovonmSpyg;? tukovonm wqJEpyg;? umrukov0dygufonm wqJwyg; ? tukov dk f f dk f h S f h 2 0dygufonm ESpyg; ? umrMud,monmwqJwyg; okYd tm;jzifh av;qJav;yg;aom onmwkYd onf txl;xl; f h h aom oabmSue\ tcsif;csif; rwlMuuke?f xkYd aMumifvnf; emewonmwkYd [ qktyfue\/ xkemewonm d k f h l d k f d wkYd udk tcsi;cyfor; pdw rxm;jcif; ESv;roGi;jcif; aumif;pGm tzefzef pdwoYdk raqmifjcif; rqifjcifjcif; f d f f Hk f f aMumif?h ]]xkemewonmwkYd udk ESv;roGi; pdw rxm; rqifjcif? xkYd aMumif}h }[k qkvay\/ d Hk f f d dk qufO;tH-(ok;rsKd;aom onm)wkYd wif aS;jzpfaom lyonmESihf y#dConmwkYd onf psmefaMumifh D h H G jzpfaom tlyb0aomfvnf; rSMd uay? xktlybk0,f tlypsmefudk 0ifpm;aeaom umv (xkonm 2-rsKd; d H d wkYd rSMd uonfrm) qkz,yif rSawmhNyD/ xkYd aMumifh xkonmwkYd udk vGeajrmufjcif;aMumifh (xkonmwkdY\) csKyfjcif; S d G f d d f d aMumif[k qkaom ESpyg;tjym;tm;jzifvnf; (xkonm 2-rsKd;wkYd \) rSjd cif;ukomvQif a[mawmfrayonf/ 44h d f h d d l yg;aom emewonmwkYd wirum; umrukovonm Spyg;? (raem'Gg&m0Ze;ESiwuG) umrBud,monm uk;yg;? G f l dk f f f hf d tukovonm q,fyg;[laom 27-yg;aom emewonmwkYd onf psmefaMumifjh zpfaom tlyb0 SMd uay dk f \? xkYd aMumifh ]]xkemewonmwkYd udk ESv;roGi;jcif;aMumif}h } [k a[mawmfronf[ odtyfay\/ rSeay\-xkd d Hk f l l f tlyb0vnf; tlypsmefudk 0ifpm;aeaomolonf xk27-yg;aom emewonmwkYd udk ESv;roGi;jcif;aMumifh d Hk f omvQif (xktlypsmefu) a&muf 0ifpm; aeEkiayonf? xkd 27-yg;aom emewonmwkYd udk ESv;oGi;aevQif d dk d f Hk f rlum; (xktlyormywfu) r0ifpm;olom jzpfayonf/ wGif tzGiw&yf/ d dk hf qufO;tH-tusOf;csKyftm;jzifh ajym&vQif ok;yk'wYdk wif lyonmwkYd udk vGeajrmufjcif;aMumif-[laom D h H f G f h yk'jf zifh lyg0p&w&m; tm;vk;ukd y,fjcif;ukd a[mawmfrayonf? y#dConmwkYd \ csKyfjcif;aMumifh emew H l onmwkYd udk ESv;roGi;jcif;aMumif-[laom 2-yk'jf zifh umrm0p&pdwf apwodutm;vk;ukd y,fjcif;ukif;? Hk f h f H d ESv;roGi;jcif;ukif; a[mawmfrayonf[ odtyfay\/ Hk f d l l 280/ teaEm tmumaom-[laom ygXf (teufum;) tmumorSm jzpfjcif;-[laom tqk;tydi; H k f tjcm;onfif;? ysufjcif;[laom tqk;tyki;tjcm;onfif; rxifay rSay? xkYd aMumifh ,if; tmumoonf teE1 H d f d 1 rnf\/ uokP;kyudk cGgjcif;jzifh NyD;pD;aom [if;vif;jyif aumif;uifudk tmumo[k qkonf/ qufO;tHd f f d D h uokP;kyudk cGgjcif;jzifh NyD;aom aumif;uif tqk;tyki;tjcm; rS[k ESv;oGi;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifvnf; d f f H d f d Hk f f h teE-tqk;tyki;tjcm; rSonf\ tjzpfudk odtyfay\2/ 325 xkdYaMumifhyif 0dbif;ygVd ]]xktmumo pdwudk H d f d d f xm;\? aumif;pGmxm;\? tqk;tyki;tjcm; rSonfudk (y) jzefY\ (0g-awGUxd\ a&muf\)/ xkYd aMumif]h teaEm H d f d tmumaom-tqk;tyki;tjcm; rSaom aumif;uif}[k qktyfonf[ a[mawmfrayonf/ H d f d d l l tmumomeOm,weH OyorZ 0d[&wd-[laom ygXfum; xkd tmumorSm (tE) jzpfjcif; tyki;tjcm; d f ysufjcif; tyki;tjcm; rSay? xkYd aMumifh teE rnf\/ teE-tyki;tjcm; rSaom tmumoonf tmumomeE d f d d f d rnf\/ tmumomeE onfyifvQif tmumomeO rnf\? tqk;tyki;tjcm; rSaom aumif;uif [laom xkd H d f d
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tmumomeO-onf ,SObuf w&m;taygif;ESihf wuGjzpfaom psmef\ wnf&mtm,weaywnf;1? tb,fuhJ f okYd enf;[lrl ewfwYdk \ wnf&monf a'0g,we rnfouJoYdkaywnf;? xkYd aMumifh tmumomeOm,we1 rnf\/ h OyorZ 0d[&wd-[lonfum; xkd tmumomeOm,wepsmefoYdk a&muf NyD;ap xkpsmeftm;avsmfaom d &d,mykw0[m&jzifh ae\/ wGif w&yfNyD;\/ f d onfum; tmumomeOm,weur|mef; tus,jf yqkaom pum;aywnf;/ d
(tmumomeOm,wetzGifh NyD;\)/ 2-0dnmPOm,wetzGifh

281/ xkrwyg; 0dnmPeOm,wepsmefudk yGg;apvkaoma,m*Donf ig;yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh d S d tmumomeOm,weormywf avhusifNh yD;aom 0oDabmfonfjzpf ]]tmumomeOm,weormywfonf dS lyg0p& psmef[aom &efoEie;\? 0dnmPOm,wepsmefuoYdkvnf; rNidroufay}}[k tmumomeOm,wepsmef l l S hf D hJ f tjypfudk IjrifNyD;vQif ,if;psmef ESpoufw,wmrIudk ukeap 0dnmPOm,wepsmefudk Nidroufaomtm;jzifh f G f f f ESv;oGi;NyD;vQif xkteEtmumoukd jzefY tmkH y jzpfaom xkd tmumomeOm,we0dnmPfudk ]]0dnmPf Hk f d 0dnmPf}}1[k tzefwvJvJ ESv;oGi;tyf\? pdw xm;tyf\? qifjciftyf\? BuHpnfrjI zifh xkEuovkd ESv; Hk f f S f Hk oGif;jcif; txl;BuHpnfrjI zifh vSnywf xkEuovkd tzefzef ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd ytyf\/ teEH teEH-tqk;tyki; hf S f Hk f H d f tjcm;rSd tqk;tyki;tjcm;rS[k (okYd csnf;oufouf)um; ESv; roGi;tyfay/ H d f d Hk f qkconftwki; xktmumomeOm,weukd 0dnmPferw tzefwvJvJ bm0empdwudk oGm;apjzpfap d hJ h d f d d d f f aom xka,m*Dtm; eD0&PwkYd onf uGmuke\? (tmumomeOm,wepdw0nmPfvQif tmkaom) trSw&rId f f d H dS f owdonf aumif;pGmwnf\? Oypm&orm"djzifh bm0empdwonf aumif;pGm wnfMunf\/ xka,m*Donf xkd f d tmumomeOm,we 0dnmPf[aom tmkerwudk tzefzef rS0\ (xkd edrwvQif tmkaom bm0empdwu) l H d d f D J d f H dS f dk yGg;ap\ tBudrrsm;pGm y\/ okYd yaeaom xkd a,m*Dtm; (uokP;ukd cGgjcif;jzifNh yD;aom) tmumo f d f tmumomeOm,wepsmefpwonf tyem\tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpfouJoYdk (uokP;ukd cGgjcif;jzifNh yD;aom) tmumo d f f h d f jyefYEYHS jzpfaom tmumomeOm,we0dnmPf 0dnmPOm,wepsmefpwonf tyem\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpf\/ d f f 0dnmPOm,wepsmef tyemjzpfyenf;ukrl yXrtlypsmef qkcaomenf;jzifyifvQif (0g-r&Pwdea'o Hk d d hJ h d 1 qkcaomenf;jzifyifvQi) odtyf\ / qufjyOD;tHh-rQaom bm0emtpOfjzifh a,m*Donf (0g-a,m*Du)d hJ h f dk ]](oAaom tmumomeOm,weH orwdurteEH 0dnmPEd 0dnmPOm,weH OyorZ 0d[&wd) cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh (0g-tvk;pkaom) tmumomeOm,we d f H H psmefEihf tmkudk vGeajrmuf tqk;tyki;tjcm; rSaom 0dnmPf[k ESv;oGi;vsuf S H f H d f d Hk f 0dnmPOm,wepsmefoYdk a&mufaeonf}}[k qktyfayonf/ d 282/ xkpum;&yf oAaom-[laom yk'rm zGiqNdk yD;aom enf;Sonfomwnf;/ tmumom eOm,weH d f S hf d orwdur-[l&mum; aS; qkcNhJ yD;aomenf;jzifh psmefonfvnf; tmumomeOm,we rnf\/ 326 tmkHonf d vnf; (rnf\)/ rSeay\-tmkonfvnf; aS; qkcaomenf;jzifyif (tmumomeO) tqk; tyki;tjcm; rSaom f H d hJ h H d f d aumif;uifonfvnf;[kw\? if;onf yXrtlypsmef\ tmkjH zpfaomaMumifh ewfwYdk \ wnf&monf a'0g,we f rnfouJoYdk (tm,we) wnf&m tmkvnf; [kw\? xkEpyg;aom taMumif;aMumifh tmumomeOm,we h H f d S f rnfay\/ xkYd twl tmumomeOvnf;[kw\? if;onf xkpsmef\ jzpf&mtaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh ]]uarmZwki; f d d f onf jrif;wkYd \ jzpf&mwnf;}} okYd tpSaom pum;&yfwYdk uJohdYk 1 jzpf&mt&yf[aom teuftm;jzifh tm,we d h l vnf; [kw\? ESpyg;aom taMumif;aMumifvnf; tmumomeOm,we rnfay\/ qkdcJhonfhtwkdif; f f h psmefEihf tmk[aom tmumomeOm,we ESpyg;vk;ukd rjzpfatmif yjcif;tm;jzifif;? ESv;roGi;jcif;tm;jzifh S H l f H h Hk f if; vGeajrmufNyD;rSomvQif 0dnmPOm,wepsmefoYdk a&muf aeEkiayonf? xkYd aMumifh psmefEitmkH xkEpyg; f d f S hf d S f vk;ukd waygif;wnf; y ]]tmumomeOm,weukd vGeajrmuf}}[laom pum;ukd a[mawmfronf[k H f l odtyfay\/
135
teEH 0dnmPH-[l&m ]]teaEm tmumaom-tqk;tyki;tjcm;rSaomaumif;uif}}[k okYd jzefY ESv; H d f d Hk oGi; jzpfaom xktmumomeOm,we 0dnmPfuyifvQif ]]teEH 0dnmPH tqk;tyki;tjcm; rSaom 0dnmPf}}[k f d dk H d f d okYd ESv;oGi;vsuf [k qkv\/ wenf;um; (t<uif;rJh tvk;pktm;jzif) ESv;oGi;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh teEHk f d dk H H h Hk f f tqk;tyki;tjcm; rSonfrnf\1/ rSeay\-xka,m*Donf uokP;ukd cGgjcif;jzifh NyD;aom xktmumoukd tmkH H d f d f d d f d yaeaom xk0nmPfudk t<uif;rJtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;vwfaomf tqk;tyki;tjcm; rS[k ESv;oGi;onfrnf\/ d d h Hk f H d f d Hk f 0dbif;ygVdawmf]](teEH 0dnmPEd wHa,0 tmumoH 0dnmaPezk#H reodua&mwd? teEH z&wd? awe 0kpwd teEH 0dnmPE) d teEH 0dnmPH-[lonfum; (tMuiftmumouk) tqk;rS[k ESv;oGi;vsuf jzefY\? d H d Hk f tqk;rS[k ESv;oGi;vsuf jzefYtyfaom xktmumoukyifvQif jyefYEYHS aom (0dnmaPe) H d Hk f d d 0dnmPfudk ESv;oGi;\2? xkYd aMumifh teEH 0dnmPH-[k qktyf\}}[l Hk f d tMuifpum;ukd a[mxm;\? xkpum; 0dnmaPe-[laomyk'0,f ukP;0dbwfudk uHteuf jzpfonf d f d f [k odtyf\? rSeay\-xky'\teufudk t|uxmq&mwkYd onf twki;yif zGijhf yMuuke\? ]](tMuif tmumo f d k f d f f uk) tqk;rS[k jzefY\ xktmumoukyifvQif jyefYEYHS aom 0dnmPfudk ESv;oGi;\}}[k qkdvkday\/ d H d d d Hk f 0dnmPOm,wepsmefoYdk a&muf ae\-[laom pum;&yfum; xktmumomeOm,we 0dnmPfrm d S (tE) tqk;rSay? xkYd aMumifh (,if;0dnmPfonf) teErnf\? teEonfyifvQif tmeOrnfjyef\? 0dnmPESihf H d tmeO-ukd wG 0dnmPmeO[k qkoifvsuf xkoYdk rqkr 0dnmPO-[k qkxm;ayonf/ rSeay\ 0dnmPOJ d h d d l d f o'gonf xk0nmPmeO yk'\teuf wufaom xifaom kVo'gaywnf;/ tqk;rSaom tmumomeOm,we d d f D H d 0dnmPf[aom xk0nmPOonf ewfwYdk \ wnf&monf a'0g,wernfouJoYdk ,SObufw&m;taygif;ESiwuG l d d h f hf jzpfaom 'kw,lypsmef\ wnf&m tm,weaywnf;? xkYd aMumifh (xk'w,tlypsmefonf) 0dnmPOm,we d d k d rnf\/ t<uif;onf aS;ESiwonfomwnf;/ wGiw&yf NyD; \/ hf l f onfum; 0dnmPOm,weur|mef; tus,jf yqkaom pum;aywnf;/ d
(0dnmPOm,wetzGifh NyD;\)/ 3-tmudOnm,wetzGifh

283/ xkrwyg; tmudOnm,wepsmefudk yGg;apjcif;iSg tvkaom a,m*Donf ig;yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd d S d dS jzifh 0dnm]POm,we ormywf avhusifNh yD;aom 0oDabmfonfjzpf ]0dnmPOm,we ormywfonf dS tmumomeOm,wepsmef[aom &efoEihf eD;\? tmudOnm,wepsmef uJoYkd vnf; rNidroufay}}[k 327 l l S h f 0dnmPOm,wepsmef tjypfudk IjrifNyD;vQif ,if;psmef ESpoufw,wmrIudk ukeap tmudOnm,wepsmefudk f G f f Nidroufaomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;NyD;vQif 0dnmPOm,wepsmef\ tmkjH zpfaom xktmumomeOm,we0dnmPf\ f Hk f d yifvQifrSjd cif; ([laom ewabmynwf)ukd qdwjf cif;[laom uif;aomtjcif;t&mukd ESv;oGi;tyf\/ tb,foYdk d Hk f enf; [lr-xktmumomeOm,we0dnmPfudk ESv;roGi;rl ]]rSd rS}d }[k jzpfap? ]]qdwonf qdwonf}}[k l d Hk f f f jzpfap? ]]uif;onf uif;onf}}[k jzpfap tzefwvJvJ ESv;oGi;tyf\? pdw xm;tyf\? qifjciftyf\? BuHpnf Hk f f rIjzifh xkEuovkd ESv;oGi;jcif; txl;BuHpnfrjI zifh vSnywf xkEuovkd tzefzef ESv;oGi; jcif;ukd ytyf\/ S f Hk f hf S f Hk f qkconftwki; (tmumomeOm,we0dnmPf\ rSjd cif;[laom) xkewabmynwferw pdwudk d hJ h d f d d d d f f oGm;ap-jzpfapaom xka,m*Dtm; eD0&PwkYd onf uGmuke\? (ewdabmynwfedrdwfvQif tmkHSd aom) trSw&rId f f owdonf aumif;pGmwnf\? Oypm&orm"djzifh bm0empdwonf aumif;pGmwnfMunf\/ xka,m*Donf xkd f d ewabmynwferwudk tzefzef rS0\/ (xkerwvQif tmkaom bm0empdwu) yGg;ap\ tBudrrsm;pGmy\/ d d d f D J d d d f H dS f dk f okYd yaeaom xka,m*Dtm; tmumo jyefYEYHS jzpfaom tmumomeOm,wer[*Kwf0nmPf 0dnmPOm d d ,wepsmefpwf jzpfouJoYdk tmumoukd jyefYEYHSjzpfaom xkd tmumomeOm,we r[*Kwf0nmPf\yifvQif d h d qdwjf cif; uif;jcif; rSjd cif;[laom ewabmynwf tmudOnm,wepsmefpwonf tyem\tpGr;tm;jzifjh zpf\/ d d f f tmudOnm,wepsmefvnf; tyemjzpfyHk enf;ukd qkcNhJ yD;aomenf;jzifyif odtyfayonf/ d h
136
,ckqrnfh tjcif;t&monfum; txl;aywnf;? xktmudOnm,wetyempdwf jzpfvwfaomf xka,m*D dk d d 1 2 &[ef;onf Oyrmtm;jzifh (jy&vQi) vlwa,mufonf wefaqmif;0ef;ponfwYdk wpkwckaom udpj zifh pnf;a0; f H aeaom &[ef;taygif;oHCmukd awGUjrifNyD;aemuf wpkwckaom t&yfoYdk oGm;NyD;vQif &[ef;wkYd onf pnf;a0;jcif; H \ taMumif;&if;udp NyD;qk;aomtcgyifvQif (xkt&yfr) zJcgoGm;ukevwfaomf jyefvm wHcg;ayguf H d S G f wnfvsuf xkoCmpnf;a0;&mXmeukd wzefMunfvwfaomf (&[ef;wkYd r) qdwaeonfuom awGUjrif\? uif;ae d H h S f dk onfuom awGUjrif\? xkvrm ]]rQaom &[ef;wkYd onf aoukeNf yD[aomfif;? t&yfrsufEmrsm;okYd c&D; dk d l S l S xGuom; ukeNf yD[aomfif;}} okYd um; rBuHrawG;rday? pifppfaomfum; ]]t&yfonf (&[ef;wkYd r) qdwae\ f G l S f uif;ae\}}[k (&[ef;wkYd \) rSdjcif;ukomvQif awGUjrifouJoYdk twlyif aS;tcgu tmumo jzpfaptyfNyD; d h aom tmumomeOm,we0dnmPfudk 0dnmPOm,we psmefrsufpjd zifh Ivsuf aecJNh yD;vQif (,cktcg) ]]rSd rS}d } okYd ponfjzifh jzpfaom y&duH ESv;oGi;rIjzifh xktmumomeOm,we0dnmPf uG,om;vwfaomf xkd Hk f d f G tmumomeOm,we 0dnmPf\ uif;jcif;[k qktyfaom rSjd cif; tbm0ynwfuomvQif (bm0empdwjf zif) d dk h Ivsufae\/ rQaom bm0emtpOfjzifh a,m*Donf (0g-a,m*Du)dk ]](oAaom 0dnmPOm,weH orwdur ewduOwd tmudOnm,weH OyorZ d d D 0d[&wd (cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzif) (0g-tvk;pkaom) 0dnmPOm,we (psmefEihf d f h H H S ,if;\tmk)ukd vGeajrmuf pk;pOf; tenf;i,frQ rS[k ESv;oGi;vsuf tmudOnm,we H f d d Hk f psmefoYdk a&muf aeonf}}[k qktyfayonf/ d 284/ ygVfvnf; oAaom-[laom yk'rm zGiqcNhJ yD;aomenf;Sonfomwnf;/ xkYd jyif 0dnmPOm, f S hf dk d weH-[laom yk'vnf; aS;qkcaom enf;jzifyifvQif psmefonfvnf; 0dnmPOm,we rnf\ tmkHonf f d hJ h vnf; (rnf\)/ rSeay\-tmkonfvnf; aS;qkcaom enf;jzifyif 0dnmPOvnf;rnf\? if;onf 'kw, f H d hJ h d tlypsmef\ tmkjH zpfaomaMumifh ewfwYdk \wnf&monf a'0g,wernfouJoYdk wnf&m[laom teufaMumifh h tm,wevnf; rnf\? xkYd aMumifh 328 0dnmPOm,we rnf\/ xkYd twlyif 0dnmPO vnf;rnf\? if;tmkH onf 'kw,tlypsmef\yifvQif jzpf&mtaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh ]]uarmZwki;onf jrif;wkYd \jzpf&m (tm,we) d d f aywnf;}} okdY tpSdaom pum;&yfwYdkuJoYdk jzpf&mt&yf [laom teuftm;jzifh tm,wevnf; rnf\? ESpf h yg;aom taMumif;aMumifvnf; 0dnmPOm,we rnfay\/ qkconftwki; psmefEitmk[aom h d hJ h d f S hf H l 0dnmPOm,we ESpyg;vk;ukd rjzpfatmif yjcif;tm;jzifif;? ESv;roGi;jcif; tm;jzifif; vGeajrmufNyD;rS omvQif f H h Hk f h f tmudOnm,wepsmefoYdk a&muf aeEkiayonf? xkYd aMumifh psmefEitmkH xkEprsKd;vk;ukd waygif;wnf;y d f S hf d S f H ]]0dnmPOm,weukd vGeajrmuf}}[laom pum;ukd a[mawmfronf[k odtyfay\/ f l ewd udO-[l&m (ewd ew) rSd rSd (oknH okn) qdwonf qdwonf (0d0wH 0d0w) uif;onf d d H f f d d H uif;onf-[k okYd ESv;oGi;vsuf[k qkvay\/ 0dbif;ygVdawmfHk f d dk ]]ewd udOd-[lonfum; xkd (tmkjH zpfaom yXrtly) 0dnmPfuyifvQif rSonfudk dk d y\ (0g-rSatmif ESv;oGi;\) uif;onfudk y\ (0g-uif;atmif ESv;oGi;\) d Hk f Hk f uG,aysmuf ap\ pkd;pOf;tenf;i,frQ rSd[k\? xkYd aMumifh ewd udO-[k qktyf\}}[l f I d d tMuifpum;ukd a[mxm;\? xkpum;rSm ukeaomtm;jzifh ok;oyfaom b*FPf (Iy)uJoYdk tu,f d f H Hk h um; a[mxm;jcif; jzpfay\? okYd aomfvnf; xkpum;\teufudk okdYomvQif rSwftyfayonf .... tmkHjzpfaom d xktmumomeOm,we 0dnmPfudk ESv;roGi;yJ pdwrxm;yJ rqifjcifyJ xktmumom eOm,we0dnmPf\ d Hk f f d rSjd cif; qdwjf cif; uif;jcif; oufoufuomvQif ESv;oGi;vsuf rSonfudk y\ uif;onfudk y\ uG,aysmuf dk Hk f d f ap\[l qkdtyfayonf? tjcm;wyg;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh qktyfonf r[kway-[k okYd omvQif rSwtyf d f f ayonf/ tmudOnm,we psmefoYdk a&muf ae\-[laom pum;&yfum; xktmumomeOm,we psmefpw\ d d f pk;pOf; tenf;i,frQyif rSawmhay? xkYd aMumifh ,if;pdwonf tudOernf\? xkpsmefpwf\ t<uif;tusefonf d d f d d t,kwq;tm;jzifh bifcPrQaomfvnf; rSawmhay-[k qkv\/ (tudOe) pk;pOf;tenf;i,frQyif t<uif;tusef f Hk d d dk d rSaom psmefpw\ tjzpfonf tmudOn rnf\? trnfonf tmumomeOm,we 0dnmPf\ uif;jcif;rSd d d f jcif;\ trnfaywnf;/ xkd yXr tly0dnmPf\ pkd;pOf;rQ rSjd cif;[laom tmudOnonf ewfwYdk \ wnf&monf a'0g,we rnfouJoYdk xkd wwd, tlypsmef\ wnf&maywnf;/ wGif w&yfNyD;\/ h
137
onfum; tmudOnm,weur|mef; tus,jf yqkaom pum;aywnf;/ d
(tmudOnm,wetzGifh NyD;\)/ 4-ae0onm emonm,wetzGifh

285/ xkrwyg; ae0onm emonm,wepsmefudk yGg;apjcif;iSg tvkaom a,m*Donf ig;yg;aom d S d dS tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh tmudOnm,we ormywf avhusifNh yD;aom 0oDabmfonfjzpf ]] tmudOnm,we dS ormywfonf 0dnmPOm,wepsmef[aom &efoEie;\? ae0onmemonm,wepsmefuoYdkvnf; rNidroufay}} l l S hf D hJ f [laomfif;? ]]onmonf a&m*gwnf;? onmonf tki;trmESiw\? onmonf pl;0ifaeaom ajimifEiw\? d f hf l h S hf l Murf;wrf;aom onm rSr odrarGUaom onmruif;aom xkae0onmemonm,wepsmefonf Nidroufay\ d l f d f rGejf rwfay\}}[laomfif; okYd tmudOnm,wepsmef tjypfujdk rifif;? txufpsmef tmedoiftusKd;ukd jrif if; tmudOnm,wepsmef ESpoufw,wmjcif;ukd ukeap ae0onm emonm,we psmefudk Nidroufaom f G f f f 1 tm;jzifh ESv;oGi; tmumomeOm,wepsmef\ rSjd cif;[laom tbm0ynwfudk tmkH y jzpfaptyfNyD;aom xkd Hk f tmudOnm,we ormywfuyifvQif ]]NidroufpG Nidroufp}G }[k 326 tzefwvJvJ ESv;oGi;tyf\ pdwxm;tyf dk f f Hk f f \ qifjciftyf\? BuHpnfrI jzifh xkEuovkd ESv;oGi;jcif; txl;BuHpnfrjI zifh vSnywf xkEuovkd tzefzef S f Hk f hf S f ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd ytyf\/ Hk f qkconftwki; (tmudOnm,we ormywf[aom) xktmkerw pdwudk tzefzefom;ap-jzpfap d hJ h d f l d H d d f f G aom xka,m*Dtm; eD0&PwkYd onf uGmuke\? (tmudOnm,we ormywferwvQif tmkaom) trSw&rI d f d d f H dS f owdonf aumif;pGmwnf\? Oypm&orm"djzifh bm0empdwonf aumif;pGmwnfMunf\/ xka,m*Donf xkd f d (tmudOnm,we ormywf[aom) tmkerwudk tzefwvJvr0\ yGg;ap\ tBudrrsm;pGmy\? okYd yaeaom l H d d f J DS J f xka,m*Dtm; tmumomeOm,we0dnmPf\ uif;jcif;-rSjd cif;[laom ewabmynwf tmudOnm,wepsmef d d pdwf jzpfouJoYdk tmudOnm,weormywf[k qktyfueaom av;yg;aom cEmwkYd ae0onmem onm,we h d k f pdwonf tyem\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jzpf\/ ae0onmemonm,wepsmef tyemjzpfyHk enf;ukrl qktyfcNhJ yD;aom f f d d enf;jzifh odtyfay\/ rQaom bm0em tpOfjzifh a,m*Donf (0g-a,m*Du)dk ]](oAaom tmudOnm,weH orwdur ae0onmemonm,weH OyorZ0[&wd) d cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh (0g-tvk;pkaom) tmudOnm,we (psmefEitmk)ukd d f H H S hf H vGeajrmuf ae0onm emonm,wepsmefoYdk a&mufaeonf}}[kf qktyfayonf/ d 286/ ygVdvnf; oAaom-[laom yk'rm zGiqcNhJ yD;aom enf;Sonfomwnf;/ tmudOnm, f S hf dk d weH orwdur[aom yk'vnf; aS;qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif psmefonfvnf; tmudO nm,wernf\? l f d h tmkonfvnf; (rnf\)/ rSeay\-tmkonfvnf; aS;qkcaomenf;jzifyif tmudOnvnf; rnf\? if;onf H f H d hJ h wwd, tlypsmef\ tmkjH zpfaomaMumifh ewfwYdk \wnf&monf a'0g,we rnfouJoYdk wnf&m[laom teuf h aMumifh tm,wevnf; rnf\? xkEpyg;aom taMumif;aMumifh tmudOnm,we rnf\/ xkYd twlyif tmudOn d S f vnf; rnf\? if;onf xkwwd,tlypsmef\yif jzpf&m taMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh ]]uarmZwki;onf jrif;wkYd \ d d f jzpf&m (tm,we) aywnf;}} okYd tpSaom pum;&yfwYdk uJoYdk jzpf&mt&yf [laom teuftm;jzifh tm,we d h vnf;rnf\? xkEpyg;aom taMumif;aMumifvnf; tmudOnm,we rnfay\/ qkconftwki; psmefEitmkH d S f h d hJ h d f S hf [laom tmudOnm,we ESpyg;vk;ukd rjzpfatmif yjcif;tm;jzifif;? ESv;roGi;jcif;tm;jzifif; vGeajrmuf f H h Hk f h f NyD;rSomvQif ae0onm emonm ,wepsmefoYdk a&mufaeEkiayonf? xkYd aMumifh psmefEitmkH ESprsKd;vk;ukd d f S hf f H waygif;wnf;y ]]tmudOnm ,weukd vGeajrmuf}}[laom pum;ukd a[mawmf rlonf[k odtyfay\/ f ae0onmemonm,weH-[laom yk'um; tMuifoYdk oabmSaom (tvGeorarGUpGmaom) onm\ f d f d f Sjd cif;aMumifh xkpwkw tlypsmefudk ae0onmemonm,we[l qktyf\? tMuif tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh usifaom d d h a,m*Dtm; (tvGeorarGUpGmaom) xkonmonf jzpf\? ,if;onmukd aS;OD;pGm jyjcif;iSg 0dbif;ygVd ]]ae0onD f d f d emonD-onmSonfvnf;r[kwf onmrSonfvnf; r[kw}f }[laom yk'udk xkwNf yD;vQif ]]xktmudOnm,we d d f d
138
ormywfuyifvQif Nidroufaomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;\? keYf &if;aom ocFg&wkYd rS <uif;aom tvGeorarGUonfh dk f Hk f f d f ocFg&rQjzpfaom (ocFg&m0aoo) ormywfudk jzpfap yGg;ap\? xkYd aMumifh ae0onDemonD-[k qkdtyfonf}}[k a[mawmfrayonf/ xkpum;&yf Nidroufaomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;\-[lonfum; ]]tmudOnm,weormywf l d f Hk f onf NidroufaypG? ,if;okYd NidroufaomaMumifyif yXr tly0dnmPf\ rSjd cif;[laom ewabm ynwfuaomf f f h d dk vnf; tmkHy wnfEkdifygay\}}[k okdY Nidrfoufaom tmkHSdjcif;aMumifh xktmudOnm,we ormywfudk d NidroufaypG[k ESv;oGi;\/ f Hk f 330 Nidroufaomtm;jzifh tu,f ESv;oGi;jim;tH?h tb,foYdk vGeajrmufjcif; jzpfoenf;[lrl 0ifpm; f Hk f f &ef tvkrSjd cif;aMumifh (vGeajrmufjcif; jzpfayonf)/ csJUjytH-xktmudO nm,we ormywfudk Nidroufaom d f h d f tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;jim;aomfvnf; ]]igonf tmudOnm,we ormywfudk ESv;oGi;tH?h 0ifpm;tH?h t"d|meft?hH Hk f Hk f (if;rS) xtH?h qifjcift}hH }[k okYd aom BuH,jf cif; pdwoYdk aumif;pGm tzefzefaqmifjcif; ESv;oGi;jcif;onf G f Hk f rSday/ tb,fhaMumifenf; tmudOnm,we psmefxuf ae0onm emonm,wepsmefuom Nidroufjcif; h f om aumif;rGejf cif;aMumifwnf;/ h Oyrmjzifh xifpmjytH-bk&ifrif;jrwfonf BuD;us,aomrif;\ tNcHt&HtmEkabmfjzifh qif\ausmufue; G h f k f xuf wnfvsuf rdUvrf; vSnvnfpOf qifp,udk yjyifonfh yef;yGworm; tpSueaom twwfynm hf G f f d k f onfwYdk onf t0wftxnfudk NrJNrHpm0wfuevsuf t0wftxnfjzifh acgif;ukd &pfywfuevsuf olwYdk \uk, G k f k f d f qifp,reYf ponfjzifh yd;>yrf;vl;ayukevsuf qifp,udk tqef;tMu,f yjyifjcif; tpSueaom rsm;pGmaom G f I f G f d k f twwfynm trIwYdk udk yvkyaeMuonfudk jrif ]]tcsif;wkYd twwfynmonfq&mwkYd onf aMomf wwfuRrf;Muyg f ayukepwum;? okYd aom tqef;wMu,f twwfynmtrIwYdk uaomfvnf; yvkyEiMf uygayuke\}}[k csD;rGr; f G dk f dk f f vsuf xktwwfynmonfwYdk \ wwfuRr;rI ESpouftm;&ay\? okYd aomfvnf; xkrif;tm; ]]igonf rif;tjzpfudk d f f d pGeYf okYd aomtwwfynmonf jzpf&rl aumif;avpG}}[k okYd aom BuHpnfjcif;um; rjzpfay/ xkoYdk rjzpfjcif; d onf tb,faMumifenf;[lr-rif;tjzpf usuoa&\ rsm;aom tmedoifaomaMumifaywnf;/ xkrif;onf h h l f dS h d twwfynmonfwYdk udk rufarmwG,wmjcif;rSyJ ausmfveomvQif oGm;avbdouJoYdk xkYd twlyif a,m*Donf f d G f h vnf; xktmudOnmormywfudk Nidrouf aomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;jim;aomfvnf; ]]igonf tmudOnm ormywfudk d f Hk f ESv;oGi;tH?h 0ifpm;tH?h t"d|meft?hH (if;rS) xtH?h qifjcift}hH }[k okYd aom&nf ,jf cif; pdwoYdkaumif;pGm tzefzef Hk f G f aqmifjcif; ESv;oGi;jcif;onf rSay/ Hk f d xka,m*Donf xktmudOnmormywfudk Nidroufaomtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;vsuf aS;qkcaomenf;jzifh d d f Hk f d hJ tvGeorarGUaom tyemokYd a&mufaom xkonmokYd a&muf\? ,if;onmjzifh ae0onDemonD rnfvsuf keYf &if; f d f d aom ocFg&wkYd rS <uif;aom (ocFg&m0aoo)ormywfudk yGg;aponf[ qktyfayonf/ ocFg&m0aooormywf l d [lonfrm tvGeorarGUjcif;okYd a&mufonfh ocFg&Saom pwkwtly ormywfay wnf;/ S f d f d 287/ ,cktcg xkqcaom tMuiformywfudk qkconftwki; &(tyf)aom (tvGeorarGUaom) d dk hJ d hJ h d f f d f onm\tpGr;jzifh ae0onmemonm,we-[l ac:qkdtyf\? xkormywfudk okyw&m;uk,teuftm;jzifh f d f d f jyjcif;iSg]]ae0onmemonm,we-[lonfum; ae0onmemonm,wepsmefudk 0ifpm;aom ykxZOfaouy*Kd vf\if;1 (ae0onmemonm,webk)jzpfaom yk*Kd vf\if;2? rsuarSmuf k k H f 3 twabm (xkpsmefjzif) csr;ompGmaeaom &[Em\if; ukov0yguf Bud,mpdwf d h f dk f d apwoduf w&m;wkYd aywnf;}}[l a[mawmfr(tyf)ay\/ xkd ok;rsKd;aom w&m;wdYk wif t&m 0ifpm;aomyk*Kd vf\ ukovpwf apwoduw&m; l H G dk f d f wkYd udk (ae0onmemonm,we[k) qkvtyfayonf/ yk' 0pewum; keYf &if;aom onmrSr odrarGUaom d dk f d l f onmum; SaomaMumifh ,SObufw&m; taygif;ESiwuGjzpfaom psmefrm (keYf &if;aom) onmrSd (odrarGU d f hf S f aom) onmrSonfvnf;r[kw[aom taMumif;aMumifh ae0onmemon rnf\/ ae0onmemon d f l rnfaom 331 xkpsmefonf rem,we "rm,wewkYd twGi;0ifaomaMumifh tm,wevnf;rnf\? xkYd aMumifh d f ae0onmemonm,we rnfay\/ wenf;um; pwkw tlypsmefSaom onmonf (0dyem\ tmkHjzpf d vsuf NiD;aiGUjcif;ukd jzpfapjcif;[laom) xifm;aom onmudpudk y&ef rpGr;EkiaomaMumifh (ae0onm) onm S f d f rrnf (0g-onm[k rqkavmuf)? keYf &if;aom ocFg&wkYd rS <uif;usefaom odrarGUonfocFg&tjzpfjzifh xifm; d f h S
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142
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145
(2) SmrSD;jcif;tm;jzifh qifjcifykH

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(3) okH;aqmifjcif;tm;jzifh qifjcifykH

297/ ok;aqmifjcif;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk qifjciftyfoenf;[lr-qkconftwki; tpmtm[m&ukd SmcJh H l d hJ h d f NyD;aom &[ef;onf Gm\ tjyifyoifavsm&mt&yf csr;ompGmxkiaevsuf xkd tpmtm[m& pm;&efvufudk h f f d f rcsao;-rEIuao;rDqvQif xkoYdk (oDvponfEijhf ynfp)aom oabmSaom tav;yxkuonfh t&mwnfaom d f dk d S h Hk d d f &[ef;ukjd zpfap? vZoawmfaumif;vlujdk zpfap awGUjrif&vQif (xkd qGr;ukd cH,&ef) zdwrefjcif;iSgaomfvnf; pGr;Ekif D l f l f f d ay\/ okYd aomfvnf; pm;vkojzifh xktm[m& xkqr; vufucsrd umrQ EIurumrQyif cH,yguke-[k 339 d d d G f dk d f d l f zdwrefajymqk&vQif (pm;<uif;ukd vSLavoavm[k rouFm zG,aomaMumif) Suz,jf zpfacsawmhonf/ vufudk f d f dS h f G cs qkye,faomolrm vufig;acsmif;rS tpOfavQmuf ojzifh acR;onf,xuvsuf ajcmufaoGU rmMurf;aom f S dk G f qGr;ukaomfvnf;pkapum El;nHap\/ xktcg qkye,fumrQjzifvnf; wifw,frysufom;aom xkqr;ukd qGr; f d d h d f h h I G d G f f vkyf y cHwi; xnfvuvQif oGm;rsm;u qkupuNdk yD;apMu\? txufom;rsm;u usnayGUudpudk NyD;apMu\? G f h dk f H d G f vQmuvufupudk NyD;ap\/ xkcwi; xkqr;vkyonf acG;pm;cGuacG;pmESiw\/ xkqr;vkyuatmuf d d H G f d G f f f hf l d G f f dk oGm;wnf;[laom usnayGUwkYd jzifh axmif;xkBudwacsum vQmjzifh jyefveay;vsuf usaom Munfaom wHawG;u f f S f J vl;vJap\? vQmtvnfrp jypfcRJaomwHaxG;u vl;vJap\/ 'efyra&muf&m t&yf Saom oGm;acs;uvnf; S l d vl;vJap\/ qkconftwki; ausnufaptyf vl;aptyfNyD;aom xktpmtm[m&onf xkcPyif tqif;teHY d hJ h d f d d uif;rJom;\? aumif;atmif yjyifxm;rIvnf; uif;rJom;\? (xkYd aMumif) acG;pm;cGuxu acG;tefzwfuoYdk tvGef h G h G h f J hJ pufqyz,f aumif;onftjzpfoYdk a&mufavawmh\/ okdY tvGefpufqkyz,f jzpfjim;aomfvnf; rsupjd zifh rjrif k f G h f G f Ekiaumif;aomaMumifom rsKcs&ayonf[k okYd ok;aqmifjcif;tm;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;onf\ tjzpfudk d f h d H k f G qifjciftyfayonf/ (3)
146
(4) wnf&mtmo,tm;jzifh qifjcifykH

298/ wnf&m tmo,tm;jzifh tb,foYdk qifjciftyfoenf;[lr-qkconftwki; ok;aqmifwi;l d hJ h d f H dk f 1 pm;rsKjd cif;okYd a&mufaom xktpmtm[m&onf twGi;okYd 0ifvwfaomf bk&m; yapu Ak'gwkYd rmaomfvnf; d f S pMu0aw;rif;rSmaomfvnf; onf;ajc ovdyf jynf aoG;[laom wnf&m tmo, av;yg;wkYd wif wyg;yg;aom G wnf&mtmo, Sonfom? bke;uH enf;aom olwYdk rmrl wnf&mtmo, av;yg;vk;Sue\? xkYd aMumifh onf;ajc d f S H d k f tmo,vGeuorm jypfcRaom opfrnfpnfqjD zifh vdr;usxm; ouJoYdk tvGepufqyz,f aumif;onf f J l S J f H h f k f G jzpfavawmh\? ovdytmo, vGeuorm 0ufacs;yeJu&nfjzifh vdr;usHxm;ouJoYdk tvGepufqyz,f aumif; f f J l S G f f h f k f G onf jzpfavawmh\? jynftmo, vGeuorm &ufwufyyf &nfjzifh vdr;usxm;ouJoYdk pufqyz,aumif;onf f J l S k f H h k f G f jzpfavawmh\? aoG;tmo, vGeuorm eDaom qk;&nfjzifh vdr;usxm;ouJoYdk pufqyz,aumif;onf jzpf f J l S d f H h k f G f avawmh\/ (odkY tvGefpufqyz,f aumif;jcif;okYd a&mufvsuf twGi;okYd 0ifavonf-[k) okYd onf;ajc k f G f ovdyf jynf aoG; [laom wnf&mtmo,tm;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;onf\ tjzpfudk qifjciftyfayonf/ (4) k f G
(5) pkwnf&m tpmopftdrftm;jzifh qifjcifykH

299/ pkwnf&m tpmopftrtm;jzifh tb,foYdk qifjciftyfoenf;[lr-pm;rsKdvuaom xktpmonf d f l dk f d tmo,av;yg;wkYd wif wyg;yg;aomtmo,jzifh vdr;usHv;vnf;vsuf tpmopftrf twGi;okYd 0ifNyD;vQif G f l d f aTcuf aiGcuf ywjrm;cGuponfwYdk pkwnfaeonf r[kway? pifppftm;jzifrl toufq,fEpol pm;rsKdvQif G G f f h S f dS q,fEpywfv; aq;aMumjcif; rSonfh usifBuD;wGi;ESiwaom t&yf wnfae&acsonf? tu,f touf tESpf S f Hk d f hf l ESpq,f ok;q,f av;q,f ig;q,f ajcmufq,f ckepfq,f Spq,f uk;q,f Sol pm;rsKdvQif? tu,f tESpf f H f d d w&mSol pm;rsKdvQif tESpw&mywfv; 340 aq;aMumjcif;rSonfh usiBf uD;wGi;ESiwaom t&yf wnfae& d f Hk d f hf l acsonf-[k okYd pkwnf&m tpmopftrtm;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;onf\tjzpfudk qifjciftyfayonf/ (5) d f k f G
(6) rausrusufao;aomtm;jzifh qifjcifykH

300/ rausrusufao;aomtm;jzifh tb,foYdk qifjciftyfoenf;[lrl okYd (usifBuD;wGi;ESihf wlonf) f h oabmSaom t&yf pk wnfaejcif;okYd a&mufaom xkqconfh tpmtm[m&onf rausrusufao;rD d d dk hJ umvywfv; qkcNhJ yD;aom tjym;Saom1 tvGearSmifrutwd jzpfaeaom1 tykyeYH trsKd;rsKd;wkYd jzifh pGxaom avykyf Hk d d f dk f f J Hk 1 wkYd \ oGm;&mjzpfaom tvGeraumif;aom teHYwYdk jzifh pufqyz,jf zpfaom xktpmopftrt&yfyifvQif (wnfae f k f G d d f &acsonf) Oyrmjzifh jy&vQif aEG&moD tcgrJr;BuD;GmvQif 'Ge;p@m;GmwHcg;0Sd usif;csKdi usa&mufaeukeaom h dk f hf f jruf opfuf zsmpkwf a>raumifyyf acG;aumifyyf vlaumifyyf ponfwYdkonf aeyla&mifjzifh ylavmifc&ukeonf G k k k H f jzpf tjrKyf t>yuf wpDpwufuevsuf wnfaeukeouJoYdk xkYd twlyif xkaeY pm;rsKdaom tpmonfif; ,ref D k f f h d aeYu pm;rsKdcaom tpmonfif; xkYd xuf aS;usonfaeYu pm;rsKdconfh tpmonfif; tm;vk;yif waygif;wnf; hJ h hJ H jzpf ovdytjyifu ajr;,Suf zk;tkyvsuf 0rf;rD;tylef awaZm"mwfu usKduusKduqatmif ylavmifapjcif; f H f dS f f l aMumifh jzpfonfh tjrKyf t>yufrsm; wpDpwufjzif; Sonfjzpf tvGepufqyz,aumif;onf\ tjzpfoYdk D d f k f G f a&mufvsuf wnfae&acsonf-[k okYd raus rusuf ao;aomtm;jzifh pufqyz,aumif;onf\ rjzpfudk k f G f qifjciftyfayonf/ (6)
(7) aususufNyD;aomtm;jzifh qifjcifykH

301/ aususufNyD;aomtm;jzifh tb,foYdk qifjciftyfoenf;[lr-tpmopftrwnfaom xktpmonf l d f d avmavmylaom 0rf;rD;jzifh aususufNyD;vwfaomf aT aiG ponfxuaom ausmuf"mwf wkYd uoYdk aT aiG ponf G f hJ 1 tjzpfoYdk a&mufonfum; r[kway? pifppfaomfum; tjrKyf t>yufwYdkudk xapvsuf trIeYf Budw&m ausmuf jyif f f BudwNf yD;vQif usnawmufi,f odyxnfxm;aom 0gazsmazsmh ajrnufuoYdk usiBf uD;tjzpfoYdk a&muf f f h h hJ tpmusuftrf (tpma[mif;tdr)ukvnf; jynfaponf? usifi,ftjzpfoYdk a&muf qD;tdrf pnfazmif;ukvnf; d f d h d jynfaponf-[k okYd aususufNyD;aomtm;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;onf\ tjzpfudk qifjciftyfayonf/ (7) h k f G
147
(8) NyD;pD;aomtusKd;tm;jzifh qifjcifykH

302/ NyD;pD;aom tusKd;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk qifjciftyfoenf;[lr-qkcaom tpmonf aumif;pGm l d hJ aususufvQif qHyif tarG; vufonf; ajconf; oGm; tpSueaom trsKd;rsKd;aom tykytpkwYdk udk NyD;ap\? d k f f aumif;pGm rausrusuvQif ayG;em ,m;em 0Jem Elem ni;em ukw[; ac:onfh jrpfajcmufem acsmif;qk;em 0rf; f f f D d aoG;oGeem tpSueaom t&mru rsm;pGmaom temwkYd udk NyD;ap\? onfum; xktpm\ NyD;pD;aom tusKd; f d k f d jzpfacsonf-[k okYd NyD;pD;aom tusKd;tm;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;onf\ tjzpfudk qifjciftyfayonf/ (8) k f G
(9) ,kdxGufjcif;tm;jzifh qifjcifykH

303/ ,kxujf cif;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk qifjciftyfoenf;[lr-pm;rsKdtyfaom tpmonf wckaom d G l yg;pyfaygufjzifh 0ifNyD;vQif ,kxuaomtcg rsufprS rsufacs;jzpfvsuf em;rS em;zmacs;jzpfvsuf okYd tpSdaom d G f d tjym;tm;jzifh rsm;pGmukeaom taygufwYdk rS ,kxu\/ xkYd jyif pm;aomtcg tpmukd rsm;pGmaom tNcHt&HEihf f d G f S wuGvnf; pm;&ayonf? ,kxuaomtcgrl usiBf uD;usii,f ponfjzpfom;aom tpmukd wa,mufx; d G f f G D wnf;omvQif pGefYxkwf&acsonf/ 341 xkdYjyif xkdtpmukd yXraeY pm;pOfrm tvGewuf<uaom yDwaomre S f d jzpfvsuf tvGeionfvnf; jzpfwwf\? 'kw,aeY ,kxuaom tcgrSmrl Gmpufqyonf jzpf ESv;rom f T f d d G f H S k f Hk jzpfum rsufEmIUH vsuf ESmacgif;ydw pGeYf xw&wwfacsonf/ xkYd jyif yXraeY xktpmukd wyfpJG rufarm S f k f d zGYJ w,um &owPSmjzifh rde;armvsuf pm;rsKcaomfvnf; wnOfrQveojzifh 'kw,aeY wyfrufjcif;rSawmhyJ G f f d hJ h G f d d tESypufc&ovkyif rcHomonf SuE;onfjzpf pufqymvsuf pGeYf xw&acsonf/ xkYd aMumifh aS;q&mwkYd u d f H d f dk k f HG S k f atmufyg *gxm 4-yk'udk rdeYf qawmf rlMuayonf/ f dk tEH ygeH cg'eD,?H abmZeO r[m&[H/ {u'Gga&e y0dowm? e0'Gga&[d oEw/ d G d r[m&[H? oljrwfwYdk tm;xkuwefaom/ tE?H xrif;onfif;/ ygeH? tazsmfonfif;/ cg'eD,?H cJb,onf d f G f if;/ abmZeO? pm;zG,f (abmZOf) onfif;/ {u'Gga&e? waygufaom 'Gg&jzif/ y0dowm? 0if/ e0'Gga&[d? h d G uk;aygufaom 'Gg&wkYd r/ oEw?d ,kp;xGuom;avownf;/ d S d D f G tEH ygeH cg'eD,?H abmZeO r[m&[H/ bkOwd oy&d0ga&m? edumaraEm edv,wd/ D r[m&[H? oljrwfwYdk tm; xkuwefaom/ tE?H xrif;ukif;/ ygeH? tazsmfuif;/ cg'eD,?H cJz,uif;/ d f d dk G f dk abmZeO? abmZOfuif;/ oy&d0ga&m? tNcHt&Hrsm;ESiwuG/ bkOw?d pm;\/ edumarEm? xGuapvwfaomf/0g/ dk hf f pGeYf xwvwfaomf/ edv,wd? olwyg;rjrif&atmif yke;uG,vsuf pGeYf &acs\/ k f D f f tEH ygeH cg'eD,?H abmZeO r[m&[H/ bkOwd tbdeEaEm? edumaraEm Zd*pw/ k d r[m&[H? oljrwfwYdk tm; xkuwefaom/ tE?H xrif;ukif;/ ygeH? tazsmfuif;/ cg'eD,?H cJz,uif;/ d f d dk G f dk abmZeO? abmZOfuif;/ tbdeEaEm? ESpouf0rf;ajrmufvsuf/ bkOw?d pm;\/ edumaraEm? pGeYf xwvwfaomf/ dk f k f Zd*pw?d pufqy\/ k k f tEH ygeH cg'eD,?H abmZeO r[m&[H/ {u&wy&d0gom? oAH b0wd ylwu/ d d H r[m&[H? oljrwfwYdk tm; xkuwefaom/tE?H xrif;onfif;/ ygeH? tazsmfonfif;/ cg'eD,?H cJz,onf d f G f if;/ abmZeO? abmZOfonfif;/ {u&wy&d0gom? wnOfrQ atmif;aejcif;jzif/ oA?H tvk;pkyif/ ylwu?H ykyf d h h H H d onf/ b0wd? jzpfavawmhownf;/ okYd ,kxujf cif;tm;jzifh pufqyz,f aumif;onf\ tjzpfudk qifjciftyfayonf/ (9) d G k f G
148
(10) vl;ayjcif;tm;jzifh qifjcifykH

304/ vl;ayjcif;tm;jzifh tb,foYdk qifjciftyfoenf;[lr-tpmtm[m&onf ok;aqmifpOf umv l H vnf; vufEwcrf; vQm tmacgifwYdk udk vl;ay\? xktpmu vl;ayaomaMumifh xkvuf vQm EIwcrf; tmacgifwYdk I f d d f onf pufqyz,jf zpfue\? ,if; vuf ponfwYdkudk aq;aMumNyD;jzpfaomfvnf; teHYaysmufap&ef txyfxyf aq; k f G k f aMum&onf/ ok;aqmifvuaom tm[m&onf Oyrmjzifh jy&vQif xrif;csuvwfaomf zGMJ urf; zGEk qefuponf H dk f f J JG wkYd onf a0wuf xrif;tk;\ ecrf;a&;ESihf tzk;wkYd udk vl;ayukeouJoYdk xkYd twlyif wuk,v;okYd tpOfavQmuf d H f h d f Hk aom 0rf;rD;jzifh tjrKyfxapvsuf aususufum a0wuf oGm;wkYd udk oGm;acs;tjzpfjzifh vl;ay\? vQm tmacgif ponfwYdkudk wHaxG; ovdyponftjzpfjzifh vl;ay\? rsufpd em; ESmacgif; atmufr*fponfwYdk udk rsufacs; f em;zmacs; ESyf usii,f usiBf uD;ponftjzpfjzifh vl;ay\? ,if; (oGm;acs;ponf)jzifh vl;ayaeukeaom cHwi; f f G f tpSdukefaom 'Gg&aygufwkdYonf1 aeYpOf aeYwi; aq;aMumaomfvnf; roefYpifMu ESv;arGUavsmz,f rjzpf dk f Hk f G Muonfomwnf;? ,if;'Gg&wkYd wif tcsKdU'Gg&uk2 aq;aMumNyD;vQif vufudk a&jzifwzef aq;aMum&acsonf? G d h tcsKdU'Gg&uk3 aq;aMum NyD;vQif EGm;acs;jymjzifh (okYd r[kw) ajrnufjzifh (okYd r[kw) eHYomrIeYf jzifh ESpBf udrf ok;Budrf d f f H 4 aq;aMumaomfvnf; pufqyz,f tjzpfonf ruif;aysmufyJ Sacsonf -[k okYd vl;ayjcif;tm;jzifh k f G d pufqyz,aumif;onf\ tjzpf ukd qifjciftyfayonf/ (10) k f G f
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151
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152
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153
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xkwif oorm&oacFytm;jzifh tb,foYdk yg;aptyfoenf;[lr-omoemawmf &[ef;onf d G G l (qHyiftp OD;aESmuftqk;Saom) ESpq,faom aum|mowkYd cufrmaom tjcif;t&mukd yx0D"mwf[k yki;jcm; H d f d f qkH;jzwfvsuf I\/ (onf;ajctpusifi,ftqk;Saom) wqJEpyg;aom aum|mowkYd t&nftjzpfoYdk a&mufaom H d h S f a&[kqtyfaom zGUJ pnf;aom tjcif;t&mukd tmayg"mwf[k yki;jcm;qk;jzwfvsuf I\/ (oEyetp Saom) dk d f H d av;yg;aom aum|mowkYd usufapwwfaom tylaiGUukd awaZm"mwf[k 348 yki;jcm;qk;jzwfvsuf I\/ d f H (O'*rtpSaom) ajcmufyg;aom aum|mowkYd axmufuef awmifwif;aom tjcif;t&mukd 0ga,m"mwf[k F d h yki;jcm;qk;jzwfvsuf I\/ okYd yki;jcm;qk;jzwfvsufaom xka,m*D&[ef;tm; "mwfwYdk onf xifm;ay:uke\/ d f H d f H I d S f xk"mwfwYdkudk tzefwvJvJ ESv;oGi;qifjcifaevQif qkcNhJ yD;aomenf;jzifh Oypm&orm"donf jzpfay:\/ (1) d Hk f d
(2) oorm&0dbwdjzifh IykH

310/ qkconftwki; oorm&oacFyjzifh yGg;apaomfvnf; ur|mef;onf rNyD;pD; rjynfpao;yJ Sae d hJ h d f h Hk d vQif xka,m*D&[ef;onf oorm&0dbwtm;jzifh yGg;aptyf\/ tb,fokdYenf;[lr-xka,m*D&[ef;onf d d l d um,*wmowd ur|mef;ukd tus,jf y&m jyqkcaom O*[aumov (7) yg; reodum&aumov (10) yg; d hJ [laom xktvk;pkudk 'Gwomum& r,kwavsmhapyJ wpyOu ponfwYdk u1 tEkvHk y#dvtm;jzifh EIwjf zifh Gwqdk d H H f dk Hk f jcif;rSp qkcNhJ yD;aom tpDt&if tm;vk;ukd ytyf\/ ,ckqrnfh ESv;oGi;ykrQom xl;onf? xkum,*wm owd d H dk Hk f H d ur|mef; tqif; oPmef t&yf wnf&m tyki;tjcm;wkYd \ tpGr;tm;jzifh qHyifponfwYdk udk ESv;oGi;NyD; d f f Hk f 2 vnf; pufqyz,\ tpGr;tm;jzifh pdwudk xm;tyf\? pwk"mwk00wmefur|mef; " oabm\ tpGr; k f G f f f mwf f tm;jzifh (pdwuxm;tyf\)? (rQom xl;onf)/ xkYd aMumifh tqif;ponfwYdk \ tpGrf;tm;jzifh ig;yg; ig;yg; f dk tjym;tm;jzifh qHyifponfwYdk udk ESv;oGi;NyD;vQif tqk; qkvwHaom tjcif;t&mjzifh ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfap Hk f H d h Hk f tyf\/
qHyifwkdYukd IykH
311/ qHyifwYdk rnfonfrm OD;acgif;cGudk &pfywfaom ta& jzpfue\/ xkqyifEihf ta&wkYd wif Oyrm S H k f d H S G tm;jzifh awmifyYdk xuf jrufw;rsm; aygufa&mufaeMuvQif awmifyYdk xdyonf ightay: jrufw;rsm; ayguf Hk f Hk a&mufaeMuonf[k rod? jrufw;wkYd uvnf; igwkYd onf awmifyYdk xuf aygufa&mufaeMuonf[k rodueouJoYdk Hk k f h twlyif OD;acgif;cGudk &pfywfaomta&onf ightay: qHyifrsm;aygufa&mufaeMuonf[k rod? qHyifwYdk u H vnf; igwkYd onf OD;acgif;cGudk &pfywfaom ta& aygufa&mufaeMuonf[k rodue?f qHyifEihf ta&[laom H k S kyfw&m;wkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf qHyifwYdk rnfonfrm uk,x f f Hk f f S d f J oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;? pdwapwemrS?d tAsmuww&m;aywnf; (0g udk rodwwfaom w&m;aywnf;)? f -tmkH twrS qdw\? ow0gr[kw?f cufrmMurf;wrf;aom yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\ )/ f Hk f
tarG;wkdYukd IykH
312/ tarG;wkYd onf uk,udk &pfywfaom ta& jzpfue\/ xktarG;ESihf ta&wkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh d f k f d G Gmysufue;t&yf aeZmjrufrsm; aygufa&mufaeMuvQif Gmysufue;t&yfonf ightay: aeZmjrufrsm; ayguf k f k f a&mufaeMuonf[k rod? aeZmjrufwYdk uvnf; igwkYd onf Gmysufue;t&yf aygufa&mufaeMuonf[k roduef k f k ouJoYdk twlyif uk,udk &pfywfaomta&onf ightay: tarG;rsm; aygufa&mufaeMuonf[rod? tarG; h d f k wkYd uvnf; igwkYd onf uk,udk &pfywfaomta& aygufa&mufaeMuonf[k rodue?f 349 tarG;ESihf ta&[l d f k aom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf tarG;wkYd rnfonfrm uk,f f Hk f f S d xJ oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;? pdwapwemrS?d tAsmuww&m;aywnf; (0g-tmkudk rodwwfaom w&m;ay f H wnf;)? twrS qdw\? ow0gr[kw?f cufrmMurf;wrf;aom yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv; oGi;tyf\)/ f Hk f
154
vufonf; ajconf;wkdYukd IykH

313/ vufonf; ajconf;wkYd onf vufacsmif; ajcacsmif;wkYd \ tzsm;wkYd jzpfue\/ xkvufonf; k f d ajconf;wkYd Eihf vufacsmif; ajcacsmif;wkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh oli,fwYdkonf opfrnfpnfaphwYdkudk 'kwcRewYdkjzifh S G f f xk; upm;MuvQif 'kwcRefwYdk onf igwkYd opfrnfpnfaphrsm; wnfonf[k rodue?f opfrnfpnfaphwYdk uvnf; d f k igwkYd onf 'kwcRefwYdk wnfMuonf[k rodueouJoYdk twlyif vufacsmif; ajcacsmif;wkYd onf igwkYd \ tzsm; f k f h vufonf; ajconf;rsm; jzpfMuonf[k rodue?f vufonf; ajconf;wkYd uvnf; igwkYd onf vufacsmif; k ajcacsmif;wkYd \ tzsm;wkYd jzpfMuonf[k rodue?f vufonf;ajconf;ESihf vufacsmif; ajcacsmif;[laom kyf k w&m;wkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf vufonf; ajconf;wkYd rnfonfrm f f Hk f f S 1 uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l ESv;oGi;tyf\/ d f J Hk f
oGm;wkdYukd IykH
314/ oGm;wkYd onf ar;k;wkYd jzpfue\/ xkom;wkYd Eihf ar;k;wkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh vufom;wkYd onf d k f d G S d G ausmufqi,fwYdk wpkwckaom tap;jzifh wkiwYdk udk zGUJ uyf wnfxm;vQif ausmufqwYdk onf igwkYd wkirsm; Hk H d f Hk d f wnfMuonf[k rodue?f wkiwYdk uvnf; igwkYd onf ausmufqwYdk wnfMuonf[k rodueouJoYdk twlyif k d f Hk k f h ar;k;wkYd onf igwkYd oGm;rsm;aygufMuonf[k rodue?f oGm;wkYd uvnf; igwkYd onf ar;k;wkYd aygufMuonf[k d k d rodue?f oGm;ESihf ar;k;[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okdYjzpf k d f Hk f f oGm;wkYd rnfonfrm uk,xoYdk oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
ta&ukd IykH
315/ ta&onf wuk,v;ukd ajr;,Suf zk;tkyvsuf wnf\/ xkta&ESihf uk,wYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh d f Hk H f d d f G apmif;cGuBf uD;ukd pkaom EGm;a&jzifh Muufxm;vQif apmif;cGuBf uD;onf ighudk pkaomEGm;a&jzifh Muufxm;onf[k d d rod? pkaomEGm;a&uvnf; igonf apmif;cGuBf uD;ukd ajr;,Suvsuf wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif uk,f d f h d onf ighudk ta&u ajr;,Suxm;onf[k rod? ta&uvnf; igonf uk,udk ajr;,Suvsuf wnfonf[k rod? f d f f ta&ESihf uk,[aom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okdYjzpf ta& d f l f Hk f f rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
tom;ukd IykH
316/ tom;onf ok;&mausmfaom tk;pkudk vdr;usHvsuf wnf\/ xktom;ESihf tk;wkYd wif Oyrmtm; H d f d d G jzifh eH&udk ajrnufjzifh xlpm vdr;usxm;vQif eH&onf ighudk ajrnufjzifh vdr;usHxm;onf[k rod? 350 ajr H G f H H f nufpiuvnf; igonf eH&udk vdr;usHuyfNidvsuf wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif tk;pkonf ighudk dk f H f h d om;wpfu;&m tjym;Saom tom;u vdr;usHxm;onf[k rod? tom;uvnf; igonf tk;pkudk vdr;usHuyfNid dk d f d f vsuf wnfonf[k rod? tom;ESihf tk;wkYd [aom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; d l f Hk f uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf tom;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l f S d f J (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
taMumwkdYukd IykH
317/ taMumwkYd onf uk,x tk;wkYd udk zGUJ wG,uevsuf wnfue\/ xktaMumESihf tk;wkYd wif Oyrm d f J d f k f k f d d G tm;jzifh EG,wYdk jzifh eH&opfom;wkYd udk zGUJ wG,xm;vQif eH&opfom;wkYd onf igwkYd udk EG,wYdk u zGUJ wG,xm;onf[k f H f H f f rodue?f EG,wYdk uvnf; igwkYd onf eH&opfom;wkYd udk zGUJ wG,xm;onf[k rodueouJoYdk twlyif tk;wkYd onf k f H f k f h d igwkYd udk taMumwkYd u zGUJ wG,xm;Muonf[k rodue?f taMumwkYd uvnf; igwkYd onf tk;wkYd udk zGUJ wG,xm;Mu f k d f onf[k rodue?f taMumESihf tk;[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ k d f Hk f f okYd jzpf taMumwkYd rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi; S d f J Hk f tyf\)/
155
tkd;wkdYukd IykH
318/ tkd;wkdYwGif zaPSmifhkd;onf zrsufkd;ukd Gufvsufwnf\? zrsuf;onf ajcovk;k;ukd Guvsuf dk H d f wnf\? ajcovk;k;onf aygif;ukd Guvsufwnf\? aygifkd;onf wifyg;kd;ukd Gufvsufwnf\? wifyg;kd; H d dk f onf ausmufq;k;ukd Guvsufwnf\? ausmufq;k;onf vnf;ukd Guvsufwnf\? vnfkd;onf OD;acgif;kd; l d f l d dk f ukd Guvsuf wnf\? OD;acgif;k;onf vnf; wnf\? vnf;kd onf ausmufq;k;wnf\? ausmufq;k;onf f d dk l d l d wifyg;kd; wnf\? wifyg;kd;onf aygifkd; wnf\? aygif;onf ajcovk;k; wnf\? ajcovk; k;onf dk H d H d zrsuf; wnf\? zrsuf;onf zaPSmif; wnf\/ dk dk h dk xktk;wkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh tkwf opfom; EGm;acs;ponfwYdk \ tpktykwYdk atmuf atmuf tkwf ponf d d G H wkYd onf igwkYd u txuf txuf tkwf ponfwYdk udk GuMf uvsuf wnfMuonf[k rodue?f txuf txuf tkwf k ponfwYdk onfvnf; igwkYd onf atmuf atmuf tkwponfwYdk wnfMuonf[k rodueouJoYdk twlyif f k f h zaPSmifhkd;onf igu zrsufkd;ukd Guvsuf wnfonf[k rod? zrsuf;onf igu ajcovk;k;ukd Guvsuf f dk H d f wnfonf[k rod? ajcovk;k;onf igu aygif;ukd Guvsuf wnfonf[k rod? aygif;onf igu wifyg;k;ukd H d dk f dk d Guvsuf wnfonf[k rod? wifyg;k;onf igu ausmufq;k;ukd Guvsuf wnfonf[k rod? ausmufq;k; f d l d f l d onf igu vnf;ukd Guvsufwnfonf[k rod? vnf;onf igu OD;acgif;k;ukf Guvsufwnfonf[k rod/ dk f dk d f OD;acgif;k;onf igu vnf; wnfonf[k rod? vnf;onf igu 351 ausmufq;k; wnfonf[k rod? d dk dk l d ausmufq;k;onf igu wifyg;k; wnfonf[k rod? wifyg;k;onf igu aygif; wnfonf[k rod? aygif; l d d d dk dk onf igu ajcovk;k; wnfonf[k rod? ajcovk;k;onf igu zrsuf; wnfonf[k rod? zrsuf;onf H d H d dk dk igu zaPSmif; wnfonf[k rod? txuftk;ESihf atmuftk; [laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv; h dk d d f Hk oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf tk;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwf f f d S d f J aywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
kd;wGif;jcifqDukd IykH
319/ kd;wGif;jcifqDonf xkdxkdtkd;wkdY\ twGi; wnf\/ xkjd cifqEihf tk;wkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh 0g; f D S d G usnawmuf ponfwYdk\ twGi; ywfajzmxm;onfh BudrneYf ponfwYdkudk xnfxm;vQif 0g;usnawmuf f f f G h f ponfwYdk onf igwkYd BudrneYf ponfwYdk udk xnfxm;onf[k rodue?f BudrneYf ponfwYdk uvnf; igwkYd onf f G h k f G 0g;usnfawmuf ponfwYdk wnfMuonf[k rodueouJoYdk twlyif tk;wkYd onf igwkYd \twGi; jcifqwnf k f h d f D onf[k rodue?f jcifquvnf; igonf tk;wkYd \twGi; wnfonf[k rod? jcifqEihf tk;[laom kyw&m; k D d f D S d f wkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf k;wGi;jcifqrnfonfrm uk,x oDjcm; f f Hk f f d f D S d f J tzkYd wck aywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
tndKUukd IykH
320/ tIYd onf vnfacsmif;rS xGuaom wckwnf;aom taMumrjzifh twefi,f oGm;NyD;vQif ESpjf zmuGJ f aom taMumMuD;jzifh zGUJ pyfxm;onf jzpf ESv;om;ukd NcH&vsuf wnf\/ xkdtIdYESitaMumBuD;wkYd wif Oyrm Hk H fh G tm;jzifh tnmjzifh zGUJ wG,vsufaom o&ufo; ESpv;>ywf&m0,f tnmonf iguo&ufo; ESpv;>ywfudk f dS D f Hk dS D f Hk zGUJ wG,xm;onf[k rod? o&ufo;ESpv;>ywfuvnf; ighudk tnmu zGUJ wG,xm;onf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif f D f Hk f h taMumBuD;onf igu tIUd ukd zGUJ wG,xm;onf[k rod? tIYd uvnf; ighudk taMumBuD;u zGUJ wG,xm;onf[k f f rod/ tIYd Eihf taMumBuD;[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okdYjzpf S f Hk f f tIYd rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf; [l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
156
ESvkH;ukd IykH
321/ ESv;onf uk,twGi; &if;csKdi\tv,fukd rSD wnf\/ xkEv;ESihf &if;csKdiwYdk wif Oyrm Hk d f f dk hf d S Hk dk hf G tm;jzifh aqG;jrnfaom oHvQif;csKdiudk rS om;wpfudk xm;vQif oHvQif;csKditwGi;t&yfonf ighudk rS om;wpf h hf D hf f D wnfonf[k rod? om;wpfuvnf; igonf aqG;jrnfaom oHvQif;csKdiudk rS wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twl h hf D h yif &if;csKdihf twGi;t&yfonf ighudk rS ESv;wnfonf[k rod? ESv;uvnf; igonf &if;csKdiudk rS wnf dk f D Hk Hk dk hf D onf[k rod? ESv;ESihf &if;csKdihf [laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ Hk dk f f f Hk f f 352 okYd jzpf ESv;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi; Hk S d f J Hk f tyf\)/
tonf;ukd IykH
322/ tonf;onf ukd,f\twGi;0,f om;jrwfEpcwYdk\ tMum; vusmeHyg;ukd rSDwnf\/ xkdtonf; f S f k f ESihf om;jrwfEpctMum; vusfmeHyg;wkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh [if;tk;tkeyg; tom;pkitpkH wG,uyfaevQif [if;tk; S f k G d H H d f f d tkeyg;onf igtom;pkitpkH wG,uyfaeonf[k rod? tom;pkitpkuvnf; igonf [if;tk;tkH eHyg; wG,uyf H H d f f d f H d f aeonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif om;jrwfEpctMum; vusfmeHyg;onf ighudk rS tonf;wnfonf[rod? h S f k D k tonf;uvnf; igonf om;jrwfEpctMum; vusfmeHyg;ukd rS wnfonf[k rod? tonf;ESihf om;jrwfEpck S f k D S f tMum; vusfmeHyg;[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;ukef\/ okdYjzpf tonf; f Hk f rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
tajr;ukd IykH
323/ tajr;wkYd wif tzk;tvTr; tajr;onf ESv;ESihf tIYd udk 0ef;&H zk;vTr;vsufwnf\? tzk;tvTr; G H f Hk H f H f r[kwaom tajr;onf wuk,v;0,f ta&\atmuf tom;ukd ajr;,Suvsuf wnf\/ xkd tajr;ESihf ESv; f d f Hk f Hk ponfwYdkwif Oyrmtm;jzifh tom;ukd ykq;Murf;jzifh &pfywfxm;vQif tom;onf ighudk ykq;Murf;jzifh &pfywf G dk dk xm;onf[k rod? ykq;Murf;uvnf; igonf tom;ukd &pfywfxm;onf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif tIYd Ev; dk h S Hk wkYd Eihf wuk,v;u tom;onf ighutajr;u &pfywfxm;onf[rod? tajr;uvnf; igonf tIYd Ev;wkYd Eihf S d f Hk dk k S Hk S wuk,v;u tom;ukd zk;vTr;xm;onf[k rod? tajr;ESihf ESv; tIYd tom;[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf d f Hk H f Hk f tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;ukef\/ okYd jzpf tajr;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wck f f Hk f S d f J aywnf;/y/ yx0D "mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
tzsOf;ukd IykH
324/ tzsOf;onf ESvkH;om;\ vuf0buf tpmopftrf ta&vTm\ txufeHyg;ukd rSD wnf\/ xkd J d tzsOf;ESihf tpmopftrf ta&vTmwkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh EGm;acs;pkionf us\ txufeyg;ukd rS wnfaevQif usD\ d G d f D H D txufeyg;onf ighudk rS EGm;acs;pkif wnfonf[k rod? EGm;acs;pkiuvnf; igonf usD\ txufeHyg;ukd rSD H D d d f wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif tpmopftrf ta&vTm\ txufeyg;onf ighudk rS tzsOf;wnfonf[k h d H D rod? tzsOf;uvnf; igonf tpmopftrf ta&vTm\ txufeyg;ukd rS wnfonf[k rod? tzsOf;ESihf tpm d H D opftrf ta&vTm txufeyg;[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ d H f Hk f f okYd jzpf tzsOf;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wck aywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
157
tqkwfukd IykH
353 325/ tqkwfonf ukd,f\twGi; om;jrwfEpcwYdk\ tMum;0,f ESv;ESihf tonf;ukd txufrS f S f k Hk zk;tkyum wGvqvsuf wnf\/ xktqkwEihf uk,\ twGi;t&yfwYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh aqG;jrnfaeaom usD\ H f J JG JG d f S d f f G h twGi; pmaygif;okuf wGvqvsufaevQif aqG;jrnfaom usDtwGi;t&yfonf ig pmaygif;okuf wGvqJG f d J JG JG dS h f d J JG vsuf wnfonf[k rod? pmaygif;okuuvnf; igonf aqG;jrnfaom usD\ twGi;t&yf wGvqvsuf d f h f J JG JG wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif xku,\ twGif;t&yfonf ig tqkwfonf wGvqvsuf wnfonf[k h d dk f J JG JG rod? tqkwuvnf; igonf okYd oabmSaom uk,\twGi;t&yf wGvqvsuf wnfonf[k rod? f d d f f J JG JG tqkwEihf uk,\twGi;t&yf [laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ f S d f f f Hk f f okYd jzpf tqkwf rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wck aywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
tlrukd IykH
326/ tlronf vnfacsmif;tp usifBuD;ayguf tqk;Saom uk,\twGi; wnf\/ xktrESihf uk,\ H d d f f d l d f twGi;t&yfwYdkwif Oyrmtm;jzifh aoG;jynfaom pmusi; acgif;jzwfxm;onfh xef;a>r\ uk,ukd acGxnfh f G h f d f xm;vQif aoG;pm;usi;onf ig xef;a>r\uk,f wnfonf[k rod? xef;a>r\uk,uvnf; igonf aoG;pm; f d d f usif; wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif uk,\twGi;t&yfonf ig tlr wnfonf[rod tlruvnf; h d f f k igonf uk,\twGi; wnfonf[k rod? tlrESihf uk,\twGi;t&yf[aom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; d f f d f f l f ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf tlr rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D Hk f f S d f J "mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
tlodrfukd IykH
327/ tlodrfonf tlrwkdY\tMum; ESpqwckaom tlacGwYdk udk zGUJ wG,vsuf wnf\/ xktorEihf tlrwkYd f hJ f d l d f S wGif Oyrmtm;jzifh ud;i,fwYdkonf ajcokwf ud;0ef;ukd csKyfpyfvsuf wnfaeMuvQif ajcokwf ud;0ef;onf ud;i,f rsm;u ighudk csKyfpyfvsuf wnfMuonf[k rod? ud;i,frsm;uvnf; igwkYd onf ajcokwf ud;0ef;ukd csKyfapvsuf wnfMuonf[k rodueouJoYdk twlyif tlronf tloru ighudk zGUJ wG,vsuf wnfonf[k rod? tloru k f h d f f d f vnf; igonf tlrukd zGUJ wG,vsuf wnfonf[k rod? tlorEihf tlr[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif;ESv; f d f S f Hk oGi; qifjcif;jcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf tlorrnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwf f f d f S d f J aywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
tpmopfukd IykH
328/ tpmopfonf tpmopftr wnfaom pm;-aomuf-cJ-vsuf vkuonfh tpmaywnf;/ xktpm d f d f d ESihf tpmopftrwYdkwif Oyrmtm;jzifh acG;pm;cGu acG;tefzwfwnfae&m0,f acG;pm;cGuonf ig acG;tefzwf d f G f f wnfonf[k rod? acG;tefzwfuvnf; igonf acG;pm;cGu wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif tpmopftrf f h d onf ig tpmopf 354 wnfonf[k rod? tpmopfuvnf; igonf tpmopftr wnfonf[k rod? d f tpmopfEihf tpmopftrf [laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okdYjzpf S d f Hk f f tpmopfrnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
tpma[mif;ukd IykH
329/ tpma[mif; ac: usifBuD;onf vufpopfdS 0g;usnfawmufEihf wlaom tpmusuf\wnf&m S f S tpma[mif;tdr[k qktyfaom tlr\ tqk;yki; wnf\/ xkusifBuD;ESihf usifBuD;tdrwYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh 0gazsmh f d H d f d f G aom ajrnufEudk 0g;usnfawmuf e,foy xnfxm;vQif 0g;usnfawmufonf ig 0gazsmhaom ajrnuf k d f h wnfonf[k rod? 0gazsmhaom ajrnufuvnf; igonf 0g;usnfawmuf wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif h usifBuD;tdronf ig usifBuD;wnfonf[k rod? usifBuD;uvnf; igonf usifBuD;tdr wnfonf[k rod? f f usifBuD;ESihf usifBuD;tdr[aom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okdYjzpf f l f Hk f f usifBuD;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi; tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
158
OD;aESmufukd IykH
330/ OD;aESmufonf OD;acgif;cGtwGi; wnf\/ xkd OD;aESmufEihf OD;acgif;cGtwGi;t&yfwYdk wif Oyrmtm; H f S H f G jzifh a[mif;jrif;aom Al;tk rkeYf nufpiudk xnfxm;vQif Al;tkonf ig rkeYf nufpiwnfonf-[k rod? rkeYf nuf H dk f h H dk f pkiuvnf; igonf Al;tk wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk -twlyif OD;acgif;cG\ twGi;t&yfonf ig OD;aESmuf d f H h H f wnfonf[rod? OD;aESmufuvnf; igonf OD;acgif;cGtwGi; wnfonf[k rod? OD;aESmufEihf OD;acgif;cG[aom k H f S H l kyfw&m;wkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf OD;aESmufrnfonfrm uk,x f f Hk f f S d f J oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;? pdwapwemrS?d tAsmuww&m;aywnf;? (0g-tmkudk rodwwf aom w&m;aywnf;)? f H twrS qdw\? ow0gr[kw?f cufrmMurf;wrf;aom yx0D"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv; oGi;tyf\)/ f Hk f
onf;ajcukd IykH
331/ onf;ajcESprsKd;wkYd wif tA'onf;ajconf ZD0waÈEihf pyf\ wuk,v;ukd jyefYEYHS wnf\? A' f G d d S d f Hk onf;ajconf onf;ajctdrwnf\/ xkonf;ajcESprsK;ESihf wnf&mwkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh qDonf rkUH ukjd yefYESHY f d f d G wnfvwfaomf rkUH onf qDu ighudk jyefYEYHS vsuf wnfonf[k rod? qDuvnf; igonf rkYH udk jyefYEUHS vsuf wnfonf [k rodouJoYdk twlyif uk,onf tA'onf;ajcu ighudk jyefYEYHS vsuf wnfonf[k rod? tA'onf; ajcu h d f vnf; igonf uk,udk jyefYEYHS vsuf wnfonf[k rod/ (A'onf;ajc\ Oyrmum;) oyGwcg;oD;tdronf rk;a&jzifh d f f f d jynfaevQif oyGwcg;oD;tdronf ig rk;a&wnfonf[k rod? rk;a&uvnf; igonf oyGwcg;oD;tdr wnf h f f d d f f onf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif onf;ajctdronf ig A'onf;ajc wnfonf[k rod? A' onf;ajcuvnf; h f igonf onf;ajctdr wnfonf[k rod? onf;ajcESprsKd;ESihf wnf&m[laom kywYdk onf tcsif;csif;ESv;oGi; f f f Hk f jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ 355 okYd jzpf onf;ajc rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;? pdwf f S d f J apwemrS?d tAsmuw w&m;aywnf; (0g-tmkudk rodwwfaom w&m;aywnf;)? twrqw\? ow0g r[kw?f H S d f t&nfoabmjzpf zGUJ pnf;aom tjcif;t&mSaom tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ d Hk f
ovdyfukd IykH
332/ ovdyonf wuGe;pm;-wpv,fjynfh yrmPS\ tpmtdrta&vTm wnf\/ xkovdyEihf f f d f d f S tpmtdrf ta&vTmwkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh wHp;tkirm txuf tjrKyfvmjzpfvsuf wnfaevwfaomf wHp;tkionf G D d f S T D d f ig tjrKyfvmwnfonf[k rod? tjrKyfvmuvnf; igonf wHp;tki wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif T T D d f h tpmopftrf ta&vTmonf ig ovdywnfonf[k rod? ovdyuvnf; igonf tpmopftrf ta&vTm d f f d wnfonf[k rod? ovdyEihf tpmopftrf ta&vTmwkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ f S d f f Hk f f okYd jzpf ovdyrnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi; f S d f J Hk f tyf\)/
jynfukd IykH
333/ jynfrm tNrJwrf;wnf&mrS?d opfiwf ql; vufeufr;vQH ponfwYdkjzifh xdcuc&aom tMuif S k D dk f H tMuif uk,tpdwtyki; t&yf aoG;onf pka0;wnfaevsuf &ifusuf\? tki;trm tzktvk; ponfwYdk onf d f f d f h d f H rlvnf; (tMuif tMuif uk,tpdwf tyki;t&yf) jzpfay:uke\? xkxdk uk,tpdwtyki; t&yf (jynfonf) d f d f f d d f f d f wnf\/ xkjd ynfEihf uk,tpdwtyki;t&yfwYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh ykqejf zifcwjf cif; ponf\ tpGr;jzifh opfyif S d f f d f G d h k f tap; ,kxuaevwfaomf opfyif\ tckwc&&mpaom tpdwtyki;wkYd onf igwkYd tap;wnfonf[rod? d G f f H f d f k tap;uvnf; igonf opfyif\ tckwc&&mpaom tpdwtyki;wkYd wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif f H f d f h opfiwf ql;ponfwYdk jzifh xdcur&m uk,tpdwtyki; t&yfwYdk onf igwkYd jynfwnfonf[k rodue?f jynfu k dk f d d f f d f k vnf; igonf xkd uk,tpdwtydi; t&yfwYdk wnfonf[k rod? jynfEihf xdcur&m uk,tpdwtyki; t&yf d f f k f S dk f d d f f d f [laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf jynfrnfonfrm f Hk f f S uk,x oD;jcm; tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ d f J Hk f
159
aoG;ukd IykH
334/ aoG;wkYd wif aGUSm;oGm;aeaom oHo&PaoG;onf tA' onf;ajcuJoYdk wuk,v;ukd jyefYESYH G h d f Hk wnf\? pka0;wnfaeaom oEpw aoG;onf tonf;wnf&mt&yf\ atmuftzkYd udk jynfapvsuf wuGe;pm; d d h f jynfrQS\ tIYd ESv; tonf; tqkwwYdk udk pkpwapvsuf wnf\/ xkaoG;ESprsKd;wkYd wif oHo&PaoG; tqk; h d Hk f d G f d f G H tjzwfonf tA'onf;ajc tqk;tjzwfEiwonfomwnf;/ oEpwaoG;ukrl Oyrmtm;jzifh (okYd odtyf\) H S hf l d d d aqG;jrnfaom tk;uif;ukd rk;a&pGwxm;vQif tk;uif; Saoma&onf tk;uif;atmuf tkwcyi; ponfwYdk udk h d d f d d d f J dk f pkpwap&m0,f tkwcyi;ponfwYdk onf igwkYd udk tk;uif; a&upkpwaponf[k rodue?f tk;uif; a&uvnf; d G f f J dk f d d G f k d 356 igonf tkwcyi; ponfwYdk udk pkpwaponf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif tonf;\ atmuftzkYd t&yfonf f J dk f d G f h if; tIYd ponfwYdk onfif; ig aoG;wnfonf[if; igwkYd udk pkpwapvsuf aoG;wnfonf[if; rodue?f l d G f l k aoG;uvnf; igonf tonf;\atmuftzkYd udk jynfapvsuf tIYd ponfwYdk udk pkpwapvsuf wnfonf[rod? h d G f k aoG;ESihf wnf&m t&yf[aom kyw&m; wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okdYjzpf l f Hk f f aoG;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
acR;ukd IykH
335/ acR;onf rD;jzifh ylavmifjcif; tpSaom umvwkYd qHwi; arG;wGi; taygufwYdk udk jynfapvsuf d G f f h wnfvnf; wnf\ ,kxuvnf; ,kxu\/ xkacR;ESihf qHwi; arG;wGi;taygufwYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh MumpG,f d G f d G f d G f f G Mum&if; ukr'&mMumk;pnf;wkYd udk a&xJrS Ekwq,fNyD;umrQ jzpfvQif MumpG,pnf; ponf\ taygufwkdYonf igwkdY k d f f rS a&,kxuonf[k rodue?f if;wkYd rS ,kxuonfh a&uvnf; igonf MumpG,pnf;ponf\ taygufwYdk rS ,kd d G f k d G f f xGuonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif qHwi; arG;wGi;aygufwYdk onf igwkYd rS acR;,kxuonf[k rodue?f acR; f h G f f d G f k uvnf; igonf qHwi; arG;wGi;aygufwYdk rS ,kxuonf[k rod? acR;ESihf qHwi; arG;wGi;ayguf [laom kyf G f f d G f G f f w&m;wkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf acR;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; f f Hk f f S d f J tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
tqDcJukd IykH
336/ tqDconf 0aomolrm wuk,v;ukd jyefYEYHS ydeaomolrm ajcovk; tom;ykH ponfwYdk udk rS J S d f Hk f S H D wnfaom jypfcaom tqDwnf;/ xktqDcEihf wnf&mt&yfwYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh tom;pkudk eEGi;qk; ykq;Murf; J d J S G f d dk jzifh zk;vTr;xm;vQif tom;pkonf ighur eEGi;qk; ykq;Murf; wnfonf[k rod? eEGi;qk; ykq;Murf;uvnf; H f dk DS f d dk f d dk igonf tom;pkur wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif wuk,v;aomfif;? ajcovk; ponfwYdk aomfif; dk DS h d f Hk H (Saom) tom;onf ighur tqDcwnfonf[k rod? tqDcurnf; igonf wuk,v;aomfif;? ajcovk; d dk DS J J d f Hk H ponfwYdk aomfif; (Saom) tom;ukr wnfonf[k rod? tqDcEihf rS&mtom;[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf d d DS J S D f tcsi;csi;qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf tqDcrnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg f f f J S d f J "mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
rsuf&nfukd IykH
357 337/ rsuf&nfonf jzpfay:aomtcg rsufwi;wkYd udk jynfapvsuf rlvnf;wnf\? ,kp;vsuf G f h d D rlvnf; xGu\/ xkrsu&nfEirsuwi;wkYd wif Oyrmtm;jzifh Ekaomxef;oD;aphwi;i,f wkYd onf a&jzifh jynfae f d f S hf f G f G G f h MuvQif Ekaom xef;aphwi;i,fwYdk onf igwkYd a&wnfonf[k rodue?f if;wdYk wnfonfa&uvnf; igonf G f k h Ekaom xef;aphwi;i,fwYdk wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif rsufwi;wkYd onf igwkYd rsuf&nfwnfonf[k G f h G f rodue?f rsuf&nfuvnf; igonf rsufwi;wkYd wnfonf[k rod? rsuf&nfEihf rsufwi; [laom kyw&m; k G f S G f f wkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf rsuf&nf rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm; f f Hk f f S d f J tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
160
qDMunfukd IykH
338/ qDMunfonf rD;jzifh ylaomumvponf vufz0g;jyif vufzrk; ajcz0g;jyif ajczrk; ESmacgif;zk ezl; d d yck;pGe;wkYd wnfaom Munfaom tqDaywnf;/ xkqMD unfEihf wnf&mt&yfwYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh xrif;csKd;ukd H f d S G qDqrf;xm;vQif xrif;csKd;onf ighudk qDuvTr;vsufwnfonf[k rod? qDuvnf; igonf xrif;csKd;ukd vTr; f f vsuf wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif vufz0g;jyifpaom t&yfonf ighudk qDMunfu vTr;vsuf wnfonf h f [k rod? qDMunfuvnf; igonf vufz0g;jyifpaom t&yfudk vTr;vsuf wnfonf[k rod? qDMunfEihf f S wnf&mt&yf [laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf qDMunf f Hk f f rnfonfrm uk,x oDjcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
wHaxG;ukd IykH
339/ wHaxG;onf xkoYdk oabmSaom wHaxG;jzpfjcif;\ taMumif;SvQif ESpzufaom yg;apmifwYdk rS ouf d d d f qif; vQmtjyif-vQmay: wnf\/ xkwaxG;ESihf vQmtjyifwYdkwif Oyrmtm;jzifh jrpfurf; vuf,ufwi;i,f d H G G f onf rjywfa&wGuaevQif vuf,ufwi;i,ftjyifonf1 ig a&wnfonf[k rod? a&uvnf; igonf vuf f G f ,ufwi;i,ftjyif wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif vQmtjyif-vQmay:t&yfonf ESpzufaom yg;apmif G f h f wkYd rS qif;ouf wHaxG;onf ig wnfonf[k rod? wHaxG;uvnf; igonf ESpzufaom yg;apmifwYdk rS qif; f ouf vQmay: wnfonf[k rod? wHaxG;ESihf vQm[laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcif f Hk f jcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf wHaxG;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwf aywnf;-[l f S d f J (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
ESyfukd IykH
358 340/ ESyonf jzpfay:aomtcg ESmacgif;zkwYdk udk jynfapvsufrvnf; wnf\ ,krvnf; ,kxuf f h l d l d G \/ xkEyEihf ESmacgif;zkwYdkwif Oyrmtm;jzifh a,mufom; (0g-uEkurm) EkYd "rf;ykyjf zifh jynfaevQif a,mufom; d S f S G G h G onf ig EkYd "rf;ykywnfonf[k rod? EkYd "rf;ykyuvnf; igonf a,mufom; wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twl f f G h yif ESmacgif;zkwYdk onf igwkYd ESywnfonf[k rodue?f ESyuvnf; igonf ESmacgif;zkwYdk wnfonf[k rod? f k f ESyf ESihf ESmacgif;zkwYdk [aom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf ESyrnf l f f f Hk f f f onfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ S d f J Hk f
tap;ukd IykH
341/ tap;onf tkd;qufwkdY\ e,fqupudk NyD;apvsuf w&mhpq,faom tk;qufwYdk wnf\/ xkd D d S f d tap;ESihf tk;qufwYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh 0if;ukd qDjzifh vl;vdr;ay;vQif 0if;onf ighudk qDu vl;vdr;vsuf d G dk f dk f wnfonf[k rod? qDuvnf; igonf 0if;ukd vl;vdr;vsuf wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif w&mhpq,f dk f h S f aom tkd;qufwYdk onf igwkYd udk tap;u vl;vdr;vsuf wnfonf[k rodue?f tap;uvnf; igonf w&mhpf f k S q,faom tk;qufwYdk udk vl;vdr;vsuf wnfonf[k rod? tap;ESihf tk;qufwYdk [aom kyw&m;wkYd onf d f d l f tcsi;csi; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf tap;rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wck f f Hk f f S d f J aywnf;/y/ tmayg"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
161
usifi,fukd IykH
342/ usifi,fonf qD;tdrpnfazmif;\ twGi; wnf\/ xkusifi,fEihf qD;tdrwYdk wif Oyrmtm;jzifh f f d S f G a&0ifaygufrSonfh ,0eC#ac: a&ppft;ukd wHp;tki ypfcsxm;vQif ,0ea&ppft;onf igwHp;&nf wnf d dk D d f dk D onf[k rod? wHpnf;&nfuvnf; igonf ,0e a&ppft; wnfonf[k rodouJoYdk twlyif qD;tdronf dk h f ig usifi,fwnfonf[k rod? usifi,fuvnf; igonf qD;tdr wnfonf[k rod? usifi,fEihf qD;tdrf f S [laom kyw&m;wkYd onf tcsif;csif; ESv;oGi;jcif; qifjcifjcif; uif;uke\/ okYd jzpf us,fi,f rnfonfrm f Hk f f S uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;/ pdwapwemrS?d tAsmuww&m;aywnf; (0g-tmkudk rodwwfaom w&m; d f J f H aywnf;)? twrS qdw\? ow0gr[kw?f t&nfoabmjzpf zGUJ pnf;aom tjcif;t&mSaom tmayg"mwfay f d wnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ Hk f
awaZm"mwfav;yg;ukd IykH
343/ qkconftwki; qHyifponfwYdk ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfapNyD;vQif tMuif (tylaiGU)jzifh (uk,f d hJ h d f Hk f d onf) ylavmif\? tylaiGUonf uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;? pdwapwemrS?d tAsmuww&m;aywnf; d f J f (0g-tmkudk rodwwfaom w&m;aywnf;)? twrS qdw\? ow0gr[kw?f usufapaom tjcif;t&mSaom H f d awaZm"mwfaywnf;-[l (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ tMuif (tylaiGU)jzifh (uk,onf) tkrif;&ifa,mf\? (tylaiGU Hk f d f d h onf uk,x .... awaZm"mwfaywnf;-[l ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ 359 tMuif (tylaiGU)jzifh (uk,u) d f J Hk f d f dk jyif;pGmyl avmif\? (tylaiGUonf uk,x .... awaZm"mwf aywnf;-[l ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ pm;aomuf d f J Hk f cJ-vsuf xm;aom tpmonf tMuif (tylaiGU)jzifh aumif;pGm ajymif;vJjcif;-aususujf cif;okYd a&muf\? tylaiGUonf uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf; pdwapwemrS?d tAsmuww&m;aywnf; (0g-tmkHukd d f J f rodwwfaom w&m;aywnf;)? twrS qdw\? ow0gr[kw?f usufapaom tjcif;t&mSaom awaZm"mwf f d aywnf;- [l (ESv;oGi; tyf\)/ okYd awaZm"mwftzkYd wYdk ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ Hk f Hk f
0ga,m"mwf 6-yg;ukd IykH

344/ xkYd aemif qefwufavwkYd udk qefwufav tjzpfjzif1 odr;qnf;NyD;vQif pkeqif;avwkYd udk pkeqif; h f f f avtjzpfjzif?h 0rf;wGi;avwkYd udk 0rf;wGi;avtjzpfjzif?h tlwi;avwkYd udk tlwi;avtjzpfjzif?h t*FgBuD;i,favQmuf f f G f G f avwkYd udk t*FgBuD;i,favQmuf avtjzpfjzif?h 0ifouf xGuoufavwkYd udk 0ifouf xGuoufavtjzpfjzifh odr; f f f qnf;NyD;vQif qefwufaom avwkYd rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;? pdwapwemrS?d tAsmuw S d f J f w&m;aywnf; (0g-tmkurodwwfaom w&m;aywnf;)? twrS qdw\? ow0gr[kw?f axmufuef awmifwif; H dk f h aom tjcif;t&mSaom 0ga,m"mwf aywnf;-[lif;? pkeqif;aom avwkYd rnfonfrm ....? 0rf;wGi;avwkYd d f S f rnfonfrm ....? tlwi; avwkYd rnfonfrm ....? t*FgBuD;i,favQmufavwkYd rnfonfrm ....? 0ifouf xGuouf S G f S S f avwkYd rnfonfrm uk,x oD;jcm;tzkYd wckaywnf;? pdwapwemrS?d tAsmuw w&m;aywnf; (0g-tmkHukd S d f J f rodwwfaom w&m;aywnf;)? twrS qdw\? ow0gr[kw?f axmufuefawmifwif;aom tjcif;t&mSaom f h d 0ga,m"mwf aywnf;-[lif; okYd 0ga,m"mwftzkYd wYdk ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ qkdcJhonfhtwkdif; Hk f ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfapaom xka,m*D&[ef;tm; "mwfwYdk onf xifm;ay:uke\/ xk"mwfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ Hk f d S f d 1 qifjcifEv;oGi;aeaom xka,m*D&[ef;tm; qkcNhJ yD;aomenf;jzifyifvQif Oypm&orm"donf jzpf ay:\/ (2) S Hk f d d h
(3) ovuPoacFyjzifh IykH

345/ qkconftwki; (oorm&0dbwjd zif) yGg;apaomfvnf; ur|mef;onf rNyD;pD; rjynfpao;yJ Sae d hJ h d f h h Hk d vQif xka,m*D&[ef;onf ovuPoacFytm;jzifh yGg;aptyf\/ tb,fokdYenf;[lr-(qHyif tpSaom) d l d ESpq,faom tzkYd wYdk cufrmjcif; oabmvuPmukd yx0D"mwf[k yki;jcm;qk;jzwf (Iqifjcif) tyf\? xkEpq,f f d f H d S f aom tzkYd wYdk yifvQif zGUJ pnf;jcif; oabmvuPmukd tmayg"mwf[?k usufapjcif; oabmvuPmukd awaZm "mwf[?k axmufuef awmifwif;jcif; oabmvuPmukd 0ga,m"mwf[k (yki;jcm;qk;jzwf Iqifjciftyf\)/ h d f H (onf;ajcpaom) wqJEpyg;aom tzkYd wYdk zGUJ pnf;jcif;oabmvuPmukd tmayg"mwf[k yki;jcm; qk;jzwf h S f d f H (Iqifjcif)tyf\? xkwqJh ESpyg;aomtzkYd wYdk yifvQif usufapjcif; oabmvuPmukd awaZm"mwf[?k axmuf d f
162
uef awmifwif;jcif; oabmvuPmukd 0ga,m"mwf[?k cufrmjcif; oabmvuPmukd yx0D"mwf[k (yki;jcm; h d f qk;jzwfqifjciftyf\)/ H I (tzsm;Sef tylaiGUpaom) av;yg;aomtzkYd wYdk usufapjcif; oabmvuPmukd awaZm"mwf[k yki;jcm; d d f qk;jzwf (Iqifjcif) tyf\? xkav;yg;aom tylaiGUESihf toD;tjcm; rcGEiaumif;aom axmufuefawmifh wif;jcif; H d J dk f oabmvuPmukd 0ga,m"mwf[?k cufrmjcif;oabm vuPmukd yx0D"mwf[?k zGUJ pnf;jcif; oabm vuPmukd tmayg"mwf[k (yki;jcm;qk;jzwfI qifjciftyf\)/ d f H 360 (qefwufavpaom) ajcmufyg;aomtzkYd wYdk axmufuefawmifwif;jcif; oabmvuPmukd h 0ga,m"mwf[k yki;jcm;qk;jzwf (Iqifjcif) tyf\? xkajcmufyg;aom tzkYd wYdk yifvQif cufrmjcif; oabmvuPm d f H d ukd yx0D"mwf[?k zGUJ pnf;jcif;oabmvuPmukd tmayg"mwf[?k usuapjcif; oabmvuPmukd awaZm"mwf[k f (yki;jcm;qk;jzwf Iqifjciftyf\)/ okYd yki;jcm;qk;jzwfvsuf Iqifjcifaeaom xka,m*D&[ef;tm; "mwfwYdk onf d f H d f H d xifSm;ay:ukef\? xk"mwfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ qifjcifEv;oGi;aeaom xka,m*D&[ef;tm; qkcNhJ yD;aomenf;jzifh d S Hk f d d yifvQif Oypm&orm"donf jzpfay:\/ (3)
(4) ovuP0dbwdjzifh IykH

346/ qkconftwki; (ovuPoacFyjzif) yGg;apaomfvnf; ur|mef;onf rNyD;pD; rjynfpao;yJ d hJ h d f h h Hk SdaevQif xka,m*D&[ef;onf ovuP0dbwtm;jzifh yGg;aptyf\/ tb,fokdYenf;[lr-aS; qkcNhJ yD;aom d d l d enf;jzifyifvQif qHyifponfwYdkudk odr;qnf;NyD;vQif qHyif cufrmjcif;oabm vuPmukd yx0D"mwf[k yki;jcm; h f d f qk;jzwf (Iqifjcif) tyf\? xkqyifyifvQif zGUJ pnf;jcif; oabmvuPmukd tmayg"mwf[?k usuapjcif; oabm H d H f vuPmukd awaZm"mwf[?k axmufuef awmifwif;jcif; oabmvuPmukd 0ga,m"mwf[k (yki;jcm;qk;jzwf h d f H Iqifjciftyf\)? twlyif tarG; tpSaom aum|mo (tzkYd ) tm;vk;wkYd wivnf; wyg; wyg;aom aum|mo d H G f (tzkYd ) av;yg; av;yg;ukeaom "mwfwYdk udk yki;jcm;qk;jzwf (Iqifjcif) tyfue\/ qkconftwki; yki;jcm; f d f H k f d hJ h d f d f qk;jzwfvsuf Iqifjcifaeaom xka,m*D&[ef;tm; "mwfwYdk onf xifm;ay:uke\/ xk"mwfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ H d S f d qifjcifEv;oGi;aeaom xka,m*D&[ef;tm; qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifyifvQif Oypm&orm"donf jzpfay:\/ (4) S Hk f d d h wenf; Iyum;-(1) 0pew (o'geuf) tm;jzif?h (2) uvmy (taygif;tpkuvmyf) tm;jzif?h (3) pkP Hk (trIeYf )tm;jzif?h (4) vuPm'd (vuPm ponf) tm;jzif?h (5) ork|me (jzpfaMumif;ork|mef)tm;jzif?h (6) emeawuw (uGjJ ym;jcif;-wljcif;)tm;jzif?h (7) 0deaAm*g0deaAm* (toD; toD; cGjJ cm;tyfjcif;-rcGjJ cm;tyfjcif;) d d tm;jzif?h (8) obm*-0dobm* (oabmwljcif;-rwljcif;)tm;jzif?h (9) tZwuAm-[d&0daoo (twGi;tjyif d f "mwfwYdk\txl;) tm;jzif?h (10) o*F[ (odr;,ljcif;)tm;jzif?h (11) yp, (aus;Zl;yjcif;axmufyjhH cif;) tm;jzif?h f (12) torEm[m& (qifjcifr-odruif;jcif;)tm;jzif?h (13) yp,0dbm* (aus;Zl;yaom w&m;txl; owtxl;ukd I I d a0befjcif;)tm;jzif-[laom (13-yg;aom) tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifvnf; "mwfwYdk udk ESv;oGi;tyfue\/ h h Hk f k f
(1) 0pewtm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

347/ xkd 13-yg;aom tjcif;t&mwkYd wif 0pewtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;aom yk*Kd vfonf us,jf yefYBuD;rm;jcif; G Hk f aMumifh yx0Drnf\/ xkxt&yfoYdk ,kp;vsuf a&mufwwfjcif;aMumifif;? ajcmufaptyfjcif;aMumifif;? pkyvsuf d dk d D h h d G yGg;apwwfjcif;aMumifif; tmaygrnf\/ xufjrufvsuf ylapwwfjcif;aMumifh awaZmrnf\/ vIyapwwfjcif;h f aGUapwwfjcif;aMumifh 0ga,mrnf\/ omrntm;jzifrum; rdrd rdr\ oabmvuPmukd aqmifwwfjcif;aMumifh h l d if;? oHo&mqif;&Judk pD&ifwwfjcif;aMumifif;1? qif;&Judk pD&ifjcif;rQ (0g) pD&ifaMumif;jzpfaomaMumifif; (0g) h h 1 qif;&Judk okr;xm;&m jzpfaomaMumifif; "mwk-"mwf rnfue\-[l okdY toD;toD; xl;aom"mwk teuf d DS h k f rxl;aom "mwkteufwYdk tvkd o'geuftm;jzifh ("mwfwYdk u) ESv;oGi;tyfue\/ (1) dk Hk f k f
163
(2) uvmytm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

348/ uvmytm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-qHyif tarG;tpSaom ESpq,faom tzkYd tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh yx0D Hk f H d f "mwfudk tus,fjycJNh yD? onf;ajc ovdyf tpSaom wqJEpyg;aom tzkYd tjcif;t&mwkYd jzifh tmayg"mwfudk tus,f d h S f jycJNh yD? xkd tus,fjycJaom 32-yg;aom yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwftzkYd wih G f 361 tqif; teHY t&om MoZm "mwfav;yg;[laom Spyg;aom w&m;wkYd \ tnDtnGwf waygif; f wnf; wnfjcif;aMumifh qHyif[aom ynwf jzpfay:onf/ xkw&m; Spyg;wkYd uyifvQif (Pfjzif) toD;toD; l d f dk h cGjJ crf; jcif;aMumifh qHyif[aom ynwf rSawmhay/ l d xkYd aMumifh qHyifwYdk onfvnf; Spyg;aomw&m;wkYd \ taygif;tpkrQomwnf;? tarG;ponfwYdk onfvnf; f xkYd twl Spyg;aom w&m;wkYd \ taygif;tpkrQ omwnf;[k (ESv;oGi;tyf\)/ quf Sif;jyOD;tHh-qHyif tp f Hk f Saom aum|mowkYd wif uHaMumifjh zpfonfh (ur ork|mef) aum|moonf ZD0waÈbm0kywYdk EiwuG kyq,fck d G d d f S hf f taygif;uvmyfonfvnf; jzpfao;\/ okYd aomfvnf; (yx0Dowd tmaygow)wkYd \ rsm;jym;vGeuonf\ d f J 1 tpGr;tm;jzifh yx0D"mwf tmayg"mwf[ a&wGutyf-ac:tyfjcif;okYd a&muf\ / qkdcJhonfhtwkdif; taygif; f l f tpk uvmyftm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf (uke)\/ (2) Hk f f
(3) pkP-trIefYtm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

349/ trIeYf tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-uk,x tv,f tvwf yrmPtm;jzifh BuHq ,lvQif y&rm Hk f H d f J tPkjrL tjym;tm;jzifh trIeYf trIeYf jzpfaom odrarGUonfh jrLtjzpfoYdk a&mufaom yx0D"mwfonf wpdw yrmP f Sonf jzpf&m\/ yx0D"mwfonf if;\ xuf0uf yrmPSaom tmayg"mwfu zGUJ pnf;aygif;pktyfonf jzpf d d awaZm"mwfu avsmfpm apmifaSmuftyfonf jzpf 0ga,m"mwfu axmufuefvsuf awmifaptyfonf jzpf G h h zkz&J rBuJyJ rysufp;yJ Sayonf? zkz&J rBuJonf rysufp;onfjzpf rde;roPmef a,musfm;oPmef ponf d D d d D f tjzpfjzifh trsKd;rsKd;taxGaxGaom BuHqjcif;odYk a&muf\? ti,f tBuD; tSnf twkd ckiconf cufrmonf-ponf d f hH \ tjzpfuvnf; (okyaqmifvsuf) jy\/ dk f xkrwyg; uk,x t&nftjzpfoYdk a&mufvsuf zGUJ pnf;aom tjcif;t&mjzpfaom tmayg"mwfonf d S d f J yx0D wnfonfawaZmu apmifaSmuftyfonf 0ga,mu axmufuefvsuf awmifaptyfonf jzpf r,kusyJ h h d rpD;oGm;yJ Sayonf? r,kusrpD;oGm;onf jzpf pkjd ynf jynfh zd;onf\ tjzpfudk jy\/ d d xkrwyg; uk,x pm;-aomuf-cJ-vsufxm;onfh tpmukd usufapwwfaom tylaiGU tjcif;t&m d S d f J jzpfaom yljcif;oabmvuPm Saom awaZm"mwfonf yx0D wnfonf tmaygu zGUJ pnf;aygif;pktyfonf d 0ga,mu axmufuefvsuf awmifaptyfonf jzpf uk,udk &ifusufap\? xku,\ tqif;jynfpjHk cif;h d f h d dk f h tqif;ta&mif aumif;jcif;ukvnf; jzpfap\? xkawaZm"mwfu &ifusuapaomaMumifh uk,onf rykyonf\ d d h f d f f tjzpfudk jyEkiayonf (0g-rykyyJ wnfEiayonf)/ d f f dk f xkrwyg; uk,x t*FgBuD;i,foYdk avQmufaom aGUjcif;-aGUapjcif;-axmufuefawmifwif;jcif; d S d f J h oabmvuPmSaom 0ga,m"mwfonf yx0D wnfonf tmaygu zGUJ pnf;vsuf aygif;pktyfonf awaZmu d apmifaSmuftyfonfjzpf uk,udk axmufuefvsuf awmifapvsuf BuHUckiap\? xk0ga,mu BuHUckiapaom h d f h d f d d f aMumifh uk,onf rvnf;usyJajzmifpm wnfwhH Ekiayonf/ tjcm; wyg;aom wGe;uef0ga,mu wkucwf d f h G d f f d f ay;aomaMumifh oGm;jcif; &yfjcif; xkijf cif; avsmif;jcif; [laom uk,trlt&m &d,mykwwYdk tvkudk odapwwf d d f f d onfh 0dnwfyudk azmfjyEkiayonf? vuf ajcwkYd udk auG;wwfayonf? qefYwwfayonf? xkrS rS oGm;apwwf k f d f d ayonf/ qkconftwki; "mwfav;yg; taygif;[laom ,E&m;pufyonf rde;r-a,musm; ponf\ d hJ h d f k f f f tjzpfjzifh rodrvdrmaom vltaygif;ukd vSnpm;vsuf rsuvnyEiwpm (oGm;jcif; &yfjcif; ponf jzif) rjywf hf f S hf k f S hf l G h jzpfvsuf Sonf-[k okYd trIeYf tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ (3) d Hk f
164
(4) vuPm ponftm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

362 350/ vuPm ponftm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-yx0D"mwfonf tb,fvuPm Soenf;? tb,f Hk f H d &oSoenf;? tb,f ypKy|mef Soenf;-[k okdYaomenf;jzifh 4-yg;aom"mwfwYdkudk qifjcifNyD;vQif yx0D"mwf d d onf (uuVwvuPm) cufrmjcif; oabmvuPm S\1? (ywd|me&om) twljzpfzufw&m;wkYd \ wnf&m d 2 (jzpfjcif;) udp-&o Sd\ ? (or#peypKy|mem) twljzpfzuf w&m;wkYd udk cHvifjh cif;[laom (Pftm;) xifaom d 3 tjcif;t&m Sd\ / tmayg"mwfonf (y*&PvuPm) ,kp;jcif; (t&nfjzpfjcif;) vuPmS\? (jAL[e &om) d D d pkyapvsuf yGg;apjcif; udp&o S\? (o*F[ypKy|mem)twljzpfzufw&m;wkYd udk zGUJ pnf;jcif;-aygif;pkjcif; [laom d G d xifaomtjcif;t&mS\4/ awaZm"mwfonf (OPSwvuPm) yljcif; vuPm S\? (y&dygpe&om) usuapjcif; d d f 5 udpSd\ ? (r'0gEky'geypKy|mem)twljzpfzuf w&m;wkYd tm; El;nHjh cif;ukd ay;jcif; (ylavmifvsuf El;nHapjcif;) h [laom xifaom tjcif;t&mSd\/ 0ga,m"mwfonf (0dwrevuPm) axmufuefjcif; wGe;uefjcif;-awmifwif; f h 1 2 jcif; vuPmS\ ? (ork'&P&om) vIyjf cif;-vIyapjcif; udp\ ? (tbde[m&ypK y|mem) aS;Iaqmifjcif;d D f dS D aTUaqmifjcif;[laom xifaomtjcif;t&m S\-[k okYd vuPm ponftm;jzifh ESv;oGi; tyf\/ (4) d Hk f
(5) jzpfaMumif;ork|mef;tm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

351/ jzpfaMumif;ork|meftm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-yx0D"mwf ponfwYdkudk tus,jf yonf\ tpGr; Hk f H f tm;jzifh 42-yg;aom aum|mowkYd udk jycJNh yD? xkd 42-yg;aom aum|mowkYd wif tpmopf tpma[mif; jynf G usifi,f [laom 4-yg;aomaum|mowkYd onf OwkaMumifomjzpfaom Owkork|mef-OwkZkyfwkdYomwnf;/ h rsuf&nf acR; wHaxG; ESyf [laom 4-yg;aom aum|mowkYd onf OwkaMumifvnf;jzpf pdwaMumifvnf;jzpfaom h f h Owkpwork|mef-OwkZ pdwZ kywYdk aywnf;/ pm;vkuonftpm ponfudk aususufapwwfaom ygpu d f d f h awaZmonf uHaMumifomjzpfaom urork|mef-urZ kyomwnf;/ 0ifouf xGuoufavwkYd onf pdwaMumifh h f f f omjzpfaom pdwork|mef-pdwZ kywYdk omwnf;/ <uif;usefueaom aum|mo 32-yg;tm;vk;wkYd onf uH-pdw f k f H f Owk-tm[m&[laom taMumif;av;yg;vk; aMumifjh zpfaom pwkork|mef-pwkZ kywYdk aywnf;-[l okdY H f jzpfaMumif; ork|meftm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ (5) Hk f
(6) emew-{uwtm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

352/ emew-{uwtm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-tm;vk;aom "mwf 4-yg;wkYd onf rdr\vuPm ponf Hk f H H d tm;jzifh tcsif;csi; xl;jcm; uGjJ ym; uke\/ rSeay\-yx0D"mwf\ vuPm&o ypKy|mefwYdk onf wjcm;wyg;wkYd f f f omwnf;? tmayg"mwfponfwYdk \ vuPm &o ypKy|mefwYdk onf wjcm;wyg;wkYd omwnf;/ okYd vuPm ponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifif;? urork|mefponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifif; tcsif;csif;rwlyJ xl;jcm;uGjJ ym;ukeaomf f h f h f vnf; xkav;yg;aom "mwfwYdk onf kytjzpf r[mbkwtjzpf "mwftjzpf "rtjzpf tedptjzpf ponfwYdk \ tpGr; d f f f tm;jzifh wlue\/ csJUjytHh-"mwfav;yg; tm;vk;wkYd yif azmufjyefjcif; kyevuPmukd rvGeMf uaomaMumifh lyk f H kyrnfue\/ r[Eygwkbm0 tpSaom taMumif;wkYd aMumifh r[mbkwf rnfue\/ f k f d k f r[Eygwkbm0 tpSonfwYdk aMumif-[l&m csUJ jy&vQif r[Eygwkbm0-BuD;us,f xifm;jzpfjcif; d h S aMumifif;? r[mbkwrnfoEihf wlaomaMumifif;? rsm;jym;BuD;us,aom taMumif;wkYd jzifh aqmiftyfaom h f l S h f aMumifif;? tBuD;tus,fazmufjyefjcif; SaomaMumifif;? BuD;us,f xifm;SaomaMumifif; taMumif; h d h S d h wkYd aMumifh xkav;yg;aom "mwfwYdk udk r[mblw-r[mbkw[k ac:qktyfue\/ d f d k f xkwif r[Eygwkbm0-BuD;us,f xifm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh [l&m "mwfBuD;av;yg;wkYd onf oufrhJ d G S 1 (tEkyg'dE) oEmefvnf; BuD;us,f xifm;jzpfue\? oufdS (Oyg'dE)2 oEmefvnf; BuD;us,f xifm;jzpf S k f S uke\/ xkd "mwfBuD;av;yg;wkYd \ oufrhJ (tEkyg'dE) oEmef BuD;us,f xifm;jzpfyuf S Hk dk ]] r[myx0DajrBuD;ukd txktm;jzifh (,lZem) ESpoe; av;aomif; (240000)[laom rQtwki; f d f d f tSnf Sdonf[l qkdtyf\}}okYd tpSaomenf;jzifh Ak'gEkwdea'o qkcNhJ yD;om; jzpfayonf/ d d d
165
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166
awmifonf/ b0wd? jzpf\/) aom? yx0D"mwfysufaom xku,onf/ u|rkac0? u|rkca>rcHwi;okYd usouJoYdk h d dk f G f h (0g-u|rkca>r tukuc&ouJoYdk)/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ d f H h ylwaum b0wD uma,m? 'a|m ylwrace 0g/ d d k tmayg"mwkyaumaye? a[mwd ylwrac0 aom/ d k ylwrace? ykyapwwfonfh cHwi;Saom ylwrca>ronf/ 'a|m? ukutyfaom (0g-tukuc&aom)/ d k f G f d d k d f d f H uma,m? uk,onf/ ylwaum? ykyonf/ b0wd 0g? jzpfouJoYdk / {0H? twl/ tmayg"mwkyaumaye? tmayg d f d f h "mwfysujf cif;aMumif/ (uma,m? uk,onf/ ylwaum? ykyonf/ b0wd? jzpf\/)aom? tmayg"mwfysufaom h d f d f xku,onf/ ylwrac0? ylwrca>rcHwi;okYd usouJoYdk (0g-ylwrca>r tukuc&ouJoYdk )/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ d dk f d k d k G f h d k d f H h oEawm b0wD uma,m? 'a|m t*race 0g/ d k awaZm"mwkyaumaye? a[mwd t*rac0 aom/ d k t*race? rD;vkyapwwfonfh cHwi;Saom t*rca>ronf/ 'a|m? ukutyfaom (0g-tukuf cH&aom)/ d k d l G f d d k d f d uma,m? uk,onf/ oEawm? jyif;pGmylavmifonf/ b0wd 0g? jzpfouJoYdk / {0H? twl/ awaZm"mwky d f h aumaye? awaZm"mwfysujf cif;aMuif/ (uma,m? uk,onf/ oEawm? jyif;pGmylavmifonf/ b0wd? jzpf\/) h d f aom? awaZm"mwfysufaomxku,onf/ t*rac0? t*rca>rcHwi;okYd usouJoYdk (0g-t*rca>r tukuc& d dk f d k d k G f h d k d f H ouJoYdk )/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ h odaEm b0wD uma,m? 'a|m owrace 0g/ k 0ga,m"mwkyaumaye? a[mwd owrac0 aom/ k owrace? "m;vkjd zwfwwfonfh cHwi;Saom owrca>ronf/ 'a|m? ukutyfaom (0g-tukuc& k G f d k d f d f H aom)/ uma,m? uk,onf/ odaEm? taMumjywfonfh tvktm;jzifh tyki;tyki; jywfonf/ b0wd 0g? jzpf d f d d f d f ouJoYdk / {0H? twl/ 0ga,m"mwkyaumaye? 0ga,m"mwfysufjcif;aMumif/ (uma,m? uk,onf/ odaEm? h h d f tyki;tydi; jywfonf/ b0wd? jzpf\/) aom? 0ga,m"mwfysufaom xku,onf/ owrac0? owrca>r d f k f d dk f k k cHwi;okYd usouJoYdk (0g-owrca>r tukuc&ouJoYdk )/ a[mwd? jzpf\/ G f h k d f H h qkconftwki; tBuD;tus,f azmufjyefjcif; Saom blwkywYdk jzpfaomaMumifh r[mblw-r[mbkwf d hJ h d f d f rnfue\/ (6-4) k f BuD;us,f xifm;SaomaMumif-[l&m r[mbkwwYdkonf BuD;pGmaom vkUH vjzifh odrf;qnf;tyf Ityf S d h f aomaMumifh (r[E-r[m) BuD;vnf;BuD;us,ue\? xifm;SaomaMumifh blw-bkwvnf; rnfue\? okYd f k f S d f k f BuD;us,faomaMumifif;? xifm;SaomaMumifif;? r[mblw-r[mbkwf rnfue\/ (6-5) h S d h k f qkconftwki; tvk;pkaom "mwfav;yg;wkYd onf r[Eygwkbm0-BuD;us,f xifm;jzpfjcif; d hJ h d f H H S tpSaom taMumif;wkYd aMumifh r[mblw-r[mbkwf rnfue\/ d k f xkrwyg; rdrd rdr\ oabmvuPmukd aqmifwwfjcif;aMumifif;? oHo&m qif;&Judk pD&ifwwfjcif; d S d h aMumifif;? qif;&Judk pD&ifjcif;rQ (0g) pD&ifaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifif; (0g) qif;&Judk okr;xm;&m jzpfaom h h d DS aMumifif;1 tvk;pkaom "mwfav;yg;vk;wkYd onfyif "mwk\vuPmukd rvGeMf uaomaMumifh "mwk-"mwfrnfuef h H H H k \/ rdrd \ oabmvuPmukd aqmifjcif;aMumifif;? kyemrf[aom rdr\ cPtm;avsmfpm wnfjcif;aMumifif; h f l d G h "rrnfuef\/ ukejf cif;oabmaMumifh tedprnfue\/ aMumufz,f teufoabmaMumifh 'kurnfue\? k k f G k f twaumif [laom tESprSonfh oabmaMumifh tewrnfue\/ f d k f qkconftwki; kytjzpf r[mbkwtjzpf "mwftjzpf "rtjzpf tedptjzpf ponfwYdk \ tpGr;tm;jzifh d hJ h d f f f f tvk;pkaom "mwfav;yg;wkYd \ (tcsi;csi; rxl;jcm;yJ) wljcif;ukd odtyf\ (0g-"mwfav;yg; tm;vk;wkYd yif H H f f H tcsif;csif; wlue\)? okYd emew {uw tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ (6) k fk Hk f
167
(7) 0dedaAm* t0dedaAm*tm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

365 353/ toD; toD; cGJjcm;tyfjcif;-rcGjJ cm;tyfjcif;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-wydieuf waygif;wnf; Hk f H f 1 jzpfay:MuonfomvQif jzpfueaom "mwfav;yg;wkYd udk tvk;pkwYdk \ atmufq; tao;i,fq; jzpfaom wck k f H H Hk Hk wckaom ok'|u paom2 uvmyfaomfvnf; wnf&mtm;jzifh toD; toD; rcGjJ cm;tyf- rcGjJ cm;Ekiue/ oabm d f k f vuPmtm;jzifrum; toD;toD; cGjJ cm;tyfue\ cGjJ cm;Ekiue\-[l okYd toD;toD; cGjJ cm;tyfjcif;-rcGjJ cm; h l k f d f k f tyfjcif;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ (7) Hk f
(8) obm*-0dobm*tm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

354/ oabmwljcif;-rwljcif;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-,ckjyqkconftwki; toD;toD; rcGjJ cm;tyf Hk f H d hJ h d f ukeaomfvnf; "mwfav;yg;wkYd wif yx0DEihf tmayg [laom aS;"mwf 2-yg;wkYd onf av;jcif;aMumif1 wlaom f G S h tzkdYSdukef\-oabmwlue\? xkYd twl awaZmESihf 0ga,m [laom aemuf"mwf 2-yg;wkYd onf ayghjcif;aMumifh k f wlaom tzkYd ue\-oabmwlue\/ aS;"mwf 2-yg;wkYd onf aemuf"mwf 2-yg;wkYd Eihf aemuf"mwf 2-yg;wkdY dS k f k f S onfvnf; aS;"mwf 2-yg;wkYd Eihf oabmrwluef [l okYd oabmwljcif;-rwljcif;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/(8) S k Hk f
(9) tZwdu-Am[d&0daootm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

355/ twGi;tjyif"mwfwYdk \ txl;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum; - uk,twGi; (tZwdu) "mwfwYdk onf pdwf f Hk f H d f f 0dnmPf\wnf&m puK aomw Ce Zd0g um, [',0wKkywYdk \if;? 0dnwfywYdk \if;? wd yk&o ZD0w S f k f d d [laom È,kywYdk \if; rS&mjzpfue\? &d,mykwf av;yg;ESiwuG jzpfue\? uH pdwf Owktm[m& [laom d f D k f hf k f taMumif; av;yg;aMumifh jzpfue\/ tjyify (Am[d&) "mwfwYdk onf 0wK 0dnwf È,kywYdk \ rS&m rjzpfue?f k f d f D k &d,mykwEiwuG rjzpfue?f OwkaMumifomvQif jzpfue\[l okYd twGi;tjyif "mwfwYdk \ txl;tm;jzifh f S hf k h k f f ESv;oGi;tyf\/ (9) Hk f
(10) o*F[tm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

356/ odr;,ljcif;-aygif;jcif;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-uHaMumifjh zpfaom yx0D"mwfudk uHaMumifjh zpfuef f Hk f H k aom tjcm;"mwfwYdkEihf jzpfaMumif;tm;jzifh ruGjJ ym;jcif;aMumifh wrsK;wnf; odr;,ltyf aygif;tyf\? pdwf ponf S d f wkYd aMumifh jzpfaom yx0D"mwfudk pdwponfwYdkaMumifjh zpfueaom tjcm;"mwfwYdkjzifh xkYd twl wrsK;wnf; odr;,l f k f d f tyf-aygif;tyf\? (tjcm;"mwf ok;yg;wkYd uvnf; twlyif jzpfaMumif;wlaom tjcm;"mwfwYdk Eihf wrsKd;wnf; H dk S odr;,ltyf-aygif;tyfue\) [l okYd odr;,ljcif;-aygif;jcif;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\/ (10) f k f f Hk f
(11) yp,tm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

357/ aus;Zl;yjcif;-axmufyjhH cif;tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;ykum;-yx0D"mwfonf tmayg"mwfu aygif;pkay;jcif; Hk f H awaZm"mwfu apmifaSmufjcif; 0ga,m"mwfu axmufuefay;jcif;ukd &onfjzpf ok;yg;ukeaom (xk)r[mbkwf h H f d wkYd tm; wnf&mjzpfvsuf aus;Zl;y\/ tmayg"mwfonf yx0D"mwf wnf awaZm"mwfu apmifaSmufjcif; h 0ga,m"mwfu axmufuefay;jcif;ukd &onfjzpf ok;yg;ukeaom (xk) r[mbkwwYdk tm; zGUJ pnf;aygif; pkvsuf H f d f aus;Zl;y\/ awaZm"mwfonf yx0D"mwfwnf tmayg"mwfuaygif;pkay;jcif; 0ga,m"mwfu axmufuef ay;jcif;ukd &onfjzpf ok;yg;ukeaom (xk) r[mbkwwYdk tm; ylaEG;ap-usufapvsuf aus;Zl;y\/ 0ga,m"mwf H f d f onf yx0D"mwfwnf tmayg"mwfu aygif;pkay;jcif; awaZm"mwfu usufapjcif;ukd &onfjzpf ok;yg; H ukeaom (xk) r[mbkwwYdk tm; axmufuefvsuf aus;Zl;y\-[l okYd aus;Zl;yjcif; axmufyjhH cif; tm;jzifh f d f ESv;oGi;tyf\/ (11) Hk f
168
(12) torEm[m&tm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

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(13) yp,-0dbm*tm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;ykH

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169
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172
rSwfcsuf +-okYd aom axmifui; twGi;Sd *Pef;rSm 0do'r*fygVdpmtkyrS pmrsufEm eHygwf jzpfonf/ uGi;ryg h G f f k d f S f aom yk'rBuD;ESihf *Pef;rSmrl if;pmtkyrS pmyk'eygwf jzpfonf/ f f d f H 1-jzpfueaom....0dnmOfrhJ tokbwkYd -[k pyfyg/ k f rSwfcsuf 1-(oufr) okYd ponfjzifh vufonf;uGi;twGi; jyxm;aom jrefrmyk'rsm; pmyk'rsm;rSm teuf hJ f f f d f t"dyg,f xifm;ap&ef okyazmfjycsuf? okYd r[kwf jznfpu zGijhf ycsufrsm; jzpfonf/ if;wkYd udk ckeausmfvnf; S f h G f f zwfom;Ekionf/ G d f 2-om;a&tdwfuJhokdY...txufokdY rIwftyf-zl;zl;a&mifaptyfonf\ tjzpfaMumif-[k pyfyg/ h 3-O-txufoYdk + "krmw-rIwtyfonf - zl;zl;a&mifaptyfonf = O'Krmw - zl;zl;a&mifaptyfaom? 0gf zl;zl;a&mifaom olaoaumif? O+"m-0g-"rm"mwf+w-ypn;wkYd jzifh O'Krmw-[kNyD;onf/ f 4-tzGijhf zifh O'Krmwu-yk'f u-ypn;rSm teufx; rSaMumif;jyonf/ f l d 5-wenf;tzGi ]]pufqyz,aumif;onf\ tjzpfaMumif}h }[laom pum;jzifh xkoaoaumifudk hf k f G f d l ]]pufqyz,aumif;onf}}[k qkxuaMumif; jyonf? ]]pufqyz,aumif;aom}}[laom pum;jzifh O'Krmwuyk' k f G f d dk f k f G f f u-ypn;\ teufudk jyonf/ xkYd aMumifh wenf;tzGijhf zifh O'Krmwu yk'udk ]]pufqyz,aumif;aom f f k f G f zl;zl;a&mifaeaom olaoaumif}} [laomfif;? ]]zl;zl;a&mifaeaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif}} [laomfif; k f G teufjyef&ef jyonf/ ,if;0gusukd ygVdr&if;twki; twdtusjyefvQif ]]pufqyz,aumif;onf\ tjzpfaMumifh l d f k f G f pufqyz,aumif;aom O'Krmw olaoaumifaywnf;? xkYd aMumifh O'Krmwu rnf\}}[l jzpf\? jrefrm0gus k f G f racsmarm? xkYd aMumifh jrefrm0gus acsmarmap&ef txufygtwki; jyefxm;onf/ 0devu paom yk'wYdk \ wenf; d f D f tzGiwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif odyg/ hf rSwfcsuf 1-0d-0drddw-tjzL teD a&mvsu?f 0g-0dy&dbE - yuwdtqif;ysufvsuf + eDv -drnf;onfh d k tqif;Sonf =0dev-tjzL teDa&mvsuf? 0g - yuwdtqif;ysufvsuf krnf;onftqif;Saom olaoaumif/ d D d h d rSwfcsuf 1-0d-0dErme-,kxuaeaom+ykA-jynfonf=0dyA-jynfwpkpdk ,kxuaeaom olaoaumif/ d G f dS k d d G f 2-0d-'G"m-ESpyi; + qd'-jzwftyfonf = 0dp' - ESpyi; jzwfxm;aom olaoaumif-ESpyi;jywfaeaom d f dk f d f dk f f dk f olaoaumif/ 3-0d-0d0"m-trsKd;rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mjzifh + cg,dw-cJpm;tyfonf = 0dum,dw-xdrS rS trsKd;rsKd;aom d k tjcif;t&mjzifh acG; ajracG; ponfwYdk cJpm;xm;aom olaoaumif/ rSwfcsuf 1-0d-0d0"-taxGaxGaom t&yfoYdk +cdw-pGeYf ypf xm;tyfonf=0duw-xkxt&yf taxGaxG pGeYf ypfxm; d H d d dk tyfaom olaoaumif/ 2-0duwy'\tzGi]]taxGaxGaomt&yfoYdk pGeYf ypfxm;tyfonf}}[k zGijhf ycJaom enf;jzif-[k qkv\/ d k f hf h h d dk
173
rSwfcsuf 1-[w - owftyfonf + 0duw - xkxt&yf taxGaxG pGeYf ypfxm;tyfonf+u-pufqyz,f = d d dk k f G [w0duwu - owf xkxdk t&yftaxGaxG pGeYf ypfxm;tyfaom pufqyz,f olaoaumif/ d d k f G 2-ESm5 rSwcsuf 2tnTe;Munf/ f f h 3-avm[dw aoG;uk+u (ud&wd 0duywd) - jyefYBuJapvsu-(y*&wd) ,kxuaponf =avm[dwud d f d G f aoG;ukd jyefYBuJ,xuapaom? 0g-aoG;,kxuaeaom olaoaumif/ dk G f d G f 4-aS;a[mif; jrefrmpmrlwYdk ykVK0-[k Sd\? q| oH*g,emrl EkiijH cm;pmay ouwpmaywkYd Eihf d f S wkuqivsuf ykV0 [k jyifxm;onf/ d f dk f 5-ykV0yk;avmufwYdk u+u(ud&wd)-jyefYBuJaponf-ykV0u=yk;avmufwYdkudk jyefYBuJapaom? 0g-tESYH tjym; d dk d yk;avmufwYdk jynfEuaeaom olaoaumif/ d h S f rSwfcsuf 1-ygVd&if;twki; twdtusjyefvQif ]]edrwwYdk \if;? psmefwYdk \if; xkO'Krmwupaom trnfwdYk yif}} dS d f d f d [l jzpf\/ okwenf;olwYdk em;vnfrnf r[kway/ xkYd aMumifh 0dbwftaetxm;ajymif;vJ ay:vGiatmif f f jyefxm;onf/ 2-yXrwGJ pmrsuEm 305-ponf qkcaom pum;&yfwYdk udk &nfne;onf/ f S d hJ T f
rSwfcsuf
1-a,m*Donfvnf; .... Mum;&NyD;aomfvnf; .... (taqmwvsif) roGm;tyfao;[k pyfyg/
rSwfcsuf
1-0dobm*lyH tmygxrm*pw[laom ygXfudk 0dobm*yk*Kd vf\ tqif; lygkHonf xifjcif;okdY d a&mufwwf\[k twdtusjyefvQif okwenf;olwYdk u em;rvnfEi&maomaMumifh ay:vGiatmif pum;y&d,m,f dk f f vJv, jyefxm;onf/ S f 2-oap wu,wd? {0H-yk'wYdk \ qkv&if; teufjzpfonf/ twdtus jyefvQif ]]tu,f BuHpnfjim;tH?h f d dk okYd BuHpnfonfaomf-[l jzpf\/ dS
rSwfcsuf
1-rSwf,lukefvsuf ............ oufa&muf ckdatmif;wwfMuukef\[kpyfyg/ 2-tuwurm[laomyk'\ qkv&if; teuf jzpfonf/ xkd olc;wdYk onf rck;&ao;krQ r[kwMf uay? f d dk dk d H ck;&eftwGuf okomef pnf;a0;wkiyifjcif; AvdewfpmauR;jcif; ylaZmfjcif;rsm;ukd yvkyaeolwYdk jzpfMuonf/ d d f G f
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1-tEkA'g-tpOf vkutyfuevwfaomf[laom teuf\ ay:vGiaom pum;vS,f jzpfonf/ d f k f f 2-yefMum;....vkvm;jcif;Sonfjzpf....0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;omjcif;ukd jzpfap....oGm;tyfayonf-[k pyfyg/ d d
174
rSwfcsuf
1-yefMum; ........ vkdvm;jcif;Sdonfjzpf ........ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjcif;ukd jzpfapvsuf ........ oGm;tyfay onf-[k pyfyg/ 2-tjyify tmkrsm;ukd tav;ryyJ MunfjI cif; em;axmifjcif;ponfudk rybJ oGm;&rnf[k qkv\/ H h d dk
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1- ]]tqif;tpSaomtm;jzifh rSwom;jcif;onf tokbtm;vk;wkYd Eihf qkiaomaMumifh if;ukd waygif; d f H S d f wnf;yif {ueftvktyfouJoYdk xkYd twlyif tpyftpSaomtm;jzifh rSwom;jcif;ukd waygif;wnf; {uef,&ef d dS h d f l rvktyfay}} [laom teufudk jyjcif;iSg ]]0Pawmyd-tqif;tm;jzifvnf;}} tpSonfjzifh 6-yg;aom XmewkYd d h d aygif;jcif; teufaom yd-o'g=vnf;o'gESiwuG qkxm;ayonf/ (#Dum) jrefrmpum; acsmap&ef tenf;i,f dS hf d jyif jyefxm;onf/ qkvonfrm tqif;ponfjzifh rSw,&efrm tokbtm;vk;ESiqi\? xkYd aMumifh tqif; d dk S f l S H hf dk f tm;jzifvnf; (rSwom;\) ponfjzifh aygif;qnf;vsuf qkxm;onf/ tpyftm;jzifh /y/ ywf0ef;usiftm;jzifh h f d rSw,&efrm tokbtm;vk;ESihf rqkiaomaMumifh aygif;jcif;teuf Saom (yd=vnf;.[laom) o'grygbJ qkxm; f l S H d f d d onf[k qkv\/ d dk 2-ok*[wH ua&mwd-[laomygXf\ twdtus jyefqcsuf jzpfonf/ aumif;pGm rSw,\-[lyif d kd f l qkv\/ d dk 3-oky"m&dwH Oy"ma&wd-[laomygXf\ qkv&if;teuf jzpfonf/ d dk 4-ok00wdwH 00waywd-[laomygXf\ qkv&if;teuf jzpfonf/ d dk
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1-rl&if;ygXf tar;0gusrSmuJoYdk yif tajz0gusrSmvnf; uwm;yk'rsm; xyf jyqkxm;\/ okdYaomf h f d jrefrm0gus wkwjdk ziftodi;ap&ef xkuwm;yk'rsm;ukd rjyawmhyJ vk&if;tajzukom jyxm;onf/ aemuftajz 2d h S f d f d d &yfwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/
rSwfcsuf
1-pdwum&H Oy|aywGm-[laomygXf\ jyef;jyefpOfteuf jzpfonf/ xkpum;&yf kao&rnf[onfrm D dk d d l S Sc;jcif;ponfjzifh kao&rnfum; r[kway? ayghayghqq r[kwyJ av;av;eufeuf ESv;oGi;&rnfuom d dk d f f Hk f dk qkvayonf/ d dk 2- ]]aqmifuyf zGUJ csnf}}[lonfrm pdwEihf tmky;wGvsuf pGNJ rJaeatmif ESv;oGi;jcif;yif jzpfonf/ S f S H l J Hk f
rSwfcsuf
1- A-jA[avmu[laom ewfjynfjzpfaom tmEkabmf/ xktmEkabmfudk &apEkiaom psmefuvnf; d d f dk 'dA[lyif ac:&\/ 0d[m&-rQwaeaMumif; jzpfaom psmef/ 'dA0[m&-jA[mb[aom ewfjynfjzpfaom d h Hk l tmEkabmfudk &apEkiaom rQwaeaMumif;psmef/ twkcsKyftm;jzifh lypsmef tlypsmefwYdk udk 'dA0[m&ac:onf [k d f d d rSw&m\/ f 2- #DumtzGiEitnD jznfpu jyefxm;aom (wom-yk'\) teufjzpfonf/ hf S hf h G f f
175
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1-rlvur|mef;[lonfrm yuwdtm;jzifh rdronf S d Ak'gEkwd tpSaom oAwuur|mef;yifwnf;/ (#Dum) d &Hzef&cg H ESv;oGi;vsuf Hk f aqmifxm;tyfaom
2-ESvkH;oGif;vsufomvQif .... ukdifaqmif .... owdudk jzpfapvsuf .... pdwonfjzpf oGm;tyfayonff dS [k pyfyg/ 3-aÈwYdk\ .... wnfonf\ tjzpfu-[k pyfyg/ dk
rSwfcsuf
1-olaoaumifonf ykxZOfy*Kd vftm; trsm;tm;jzifh aMumufz,taetm;jzifh xifwwfaomaMumifh k k G f ]]eD;vGe;aom t&yfaMumufjcif; jzpfay:wwf\}}[k rdeYf qayonf/ (#Dum) f dk 2-yk'rp ]][lif;}}ukd jrKyfxm;onf? aS;yk'uJoYdk yif edronf[if;? i,fonf[if; ponfjzifh f S f h hf l l od&efjzpfonf/
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1-00waywaAm-yk'\ jrefrmjyef jzpfonf/ aemufvnf; okYd aomt&m enf;wlyifoyg/ f d 2-ovauwA-yk'\ jrefrmjyef jzpfonf/ aemufvnf; enf;wlyifoyg/ H f d
rSwfcsuf
1-tokbaumiferwEiwuG-[laom teufonf aS; xkwjf ycJaom t|uxmpum;&yf0,f ]]wo d d f S hf h ya'ao ygomPH 0g/y/ vwH 0g oedrwH ua&mwd? xkd olaoaumif ypfcsxm;&mt&yf (Saom) d d ausmufuif;/y/ EG,uif; edrwEiwuGy\[laom ygXfEitnDyif jzpfonf/ xkygXf ausmfu /y/ EG,wYdk udk dk f dk d f S hf S hf d f edrwEiwuG[k qkaomaMumifh ausmufponfudk edrw[k rqkEiay? tokbaumifuom edrw[k qkoifay d f S hf d d f d dk f dk d f d h onf/ okYd aomf #Dumrl t&m ]]tokbukd ausmuf tpSaomedrwEiwuG yonf yki;jcm; rSwom;onf d d f S hf d f f [lif;? tokbedrwuif;? ausmufpaom edrwuif; twlwuG waygif;wnf; yvsuf yki;jcm; rSwom;onf d f dk d f dk d f f [lif; 2-enf; zGijhf yxm;avonf/ xkd 2-enf;wkYd wif yXrenf;ukd aS; t|uxmpum;ESihf ES;aESm&ef cuf\/ G D
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1-00wayaEmyk'\ teufjzpfonf/ twdtusjyefvQif yki;jcm;rSwom;aomolonf [ljzpf\/ ,if; f d f f yk*v"d|mefpum;ukd "r"|mefy jyefqcsujf zpfonf/ d dk 2-yNyD;vQif .... xkoabmvuPmjzifh ESv;oGi;tyf\-[k pyfyg/ d Hk f 3-ud,aumif\ .... (obm0bm0) rdr\ yifu&if;oabmvuPmonf-[k pyfyg/ k f d dk
176
4-rqufqaom .... Opmjzpfaom ..... yifu&if; oabmvuPmonf-[kpyfyg/ xkwif olwyg;ESihf H dk d G rqufq[onfrm 0devuolaoaumif ponfwYdkEihf rqki[k qkv\? xkteufuyif rdr\omvQif Opm H l S D S d f d dk d dk d jzpfaom[k xyfqif azmfjyonf/ o-rdr\+bm0-yifu&if; oabm=obm0-zl;zl;a&mifjcif;[laom rdr\ h d dk d yifu&if;oabm? xkoabmukyif bm0-[k xyfqif qkjd yefonf? xkbm0-yk'uvnf; wkuujf yefvQif oabm dk d d h d f dk d f dk [lyif jyef&ayvdrrnf? um; aS;yifu&if;oabm[laom pum;ESihf rxyfap&ef t&wly&d,m,f wyg;jzifh hf dk vuPm[k jyefxm;onf? rSwtyfaomw&m;[k qkv\/ ay:vGiap&ef xyfum xyfum zGiaomaMumifh cyfyyf f d dk f hf I f I jzpfom;avonf/ twkcsKyftm;jzifrl zl;zl;a&mifaeonfh olYyifu&if;oabmjzifh ESv;oGi;&rnf yki;jcm;rSwom; G d h dk Hk f d f f &rnf I&rnf[om qkvayonf/ l d dk
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1-0PdwH O'KrmwuEd-[laom ygXf\ teufrsm;jzpfonf/ xkteuf zl;zl;a&mifaeaom}}[k jyefqcsuf d dk onf 0PdwEd ole-[kt"dyg,fowzijhf yaom #DumESitnDyif jzpfonf/ H G hf 2-#DumtzGiEitnD obma0e o&aoe[laom 2yk'udk toD;toD; cGjJ cm; orkpn;teufEiwuG hf S hf f f S hf jyefqcsuf jzpfonf/ okYd aomf t&m udp&ojzifh I&efvrnf rxifay/ dk dk 3-wenf; teufonfvnf; obm0ukyif &o[k qkaMumif;wenf;zGijhf yaom #DumESitnDyifwnf;/ d d hf xkteuf o&o[laomyk'udk ]]odoifh odxuaom rdr\ yifuoabm}}[k jyefjcif;rSm ]]&odwaAm y#d0Zd waAm d f dk f d dk d obma0g &aom? twaem &aom o&aom}}[k #Dum 'kw,wGJ ESm 257- zGijhf yxm;onf ESitnDyif/ 0do'r*f d hf k d jynfre, obma0e o&aoe-[laom 0dok'dr*fygXfrSm p g rygaomaMumifh ]]obma0e? rdr\oabm l d -o' d [laom/ o&aoe? rdr\toD;vuPmjzif}h }[laom teufuomvQif oifaMumifh qk;jzwfxm;av\/ xkdteuf d dk h H rdr\ toD;vuPm[lonfrm O'Krmwu olaoaumif\ zl;zl;a&mifjcif; [laom obm0vuPm yifu&if; d S dk oabmaywnf;? if;ukd 0devu ponfwYdk Eihf roufqiaomaMumifh toD;vuPm-[k qdayonf/ xifm; D S dk f k S apvk txyfxyfziaomaMumifh tod&cufom;ayonf/ O'Krmwu tokbt&m cufcufccJ pOf;pm;ae&ef d G hf G J rvkyg? rsupjd zifh xifm;awGUjrifae&onftwdi; zl;zl;a&mifaeaom olaoaumifudk rsupjd zifh jrif&ouJoYdk d f S h k f f h pdwx xifm;ay:aeatmif ESv;oGi;IrwzYdk om vkygonf/ f J S Hk f S f d
rSwfcsuf
1-]]zl;zl;a&mifaeaom .... yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\}} [laom pum;&yfonf ]]xkoabmvuPmjzifh ESv; d f f d Hk oGi;tyf\}}[laom aSUpum;\ qkv&if;teufjzpfaMumif; jyqkayonf/ aemufxyfzijhf ycsuu rlv tzGicH f d dk d G f hf pum;xuf todcufouJoYdk Sayonf/ h d
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1-xkda,m*Donf ..... rSwfom;tyf\-[k pyfyg/ xk0gustwGi; Murf;yk; (ig;cl) tqif;So\-[laom d f d d l teufrm r*F&p0aemyk'\ teuf jzpfonf/ Murf;yk;a[m ygVdonf jrefrmpmwkYd r*Fv-[k Sd\? oD[VrpmwkYd S k d f d k dk f l ruFkP-[k Sd\/ r*K*p0aem-[kSdvQif ig;cltqif;Sdaom-[k teuf&\/ xkYd aMumifh jyef;jyefpOf Murf;yk;tqif; d dk d ESiwuG ig;cltqif;yg ESpcjG yefxm;onf/ hf f 2-O'Krmwu olaoaumif\ ykoPmeftpGr;tm;jzifomvQif (rSwtyf\)? ra&mifao;aom yuwd H f h f ykoPmeftpGr;tm;jzifh rrSwtyfay/ pum;jzifh ]]xkoaoaumif tpdwtydi;wpkwckonf razmra&mifyJ H f f d l f k f H SaevQif xktpdwtydi;ukd rrSw,tyf}}[k jyonf/ (#Dum) d d f k f f l
177
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1-oPmeftm;jzifh yki;jcm;rSwom;jcif;ukd Murf;wrf; BuD;rm;aom tpdwtyki;wkYd \ tvktm;jzifh d f f f d f d omvQif ytyf\? odrarGUao;i,faom tpdwtyki;wkYd \ tvktm;jzifh ytyfonfr[kway/ xkYd aMumifh OD;acgif; f f d f d f oPmef tpSdaom 9-yg; tjym;SonfomvQifjzpfaom oPmefudk ,ltyf(qktyf)ayonf/ (#Dum) d d 2-t&m pum;acsmap&ef tenf;i,fjyif jyefxm;onf/ vk&if;rSm txufyi;ESihf atmufyi;tm;jzifh d kd f dk f 2yki; cGjJ cm; rSw&efrQom jzpfonf/ d f f 3- rnfaom t&yf olaoaumif\ vufwYdk onf wnfue\[k yki;jcm;rSwom;tyf\? okYd k f d f f ponfjzifh ,SOpyfjcif;ukd (ytyf\)/ (#Dum) f
rSwfcsuf
1-tedrhf tjrifh paom ajrt&yfuyif ,lz,\/ dk G f dS 2-vuftyki;tjcm;ukd atmufzuf vufacsmif;wkYd \tqk;jzifh txufzuf yck;pGe;tpyfjzifh zDvm d f H H f ywf0ef;usif ta&cG\tqk;jzifh ,ltyf\/ ajctyki;tjcm; ponfwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/ (#Dum) H H d f 3-tu,f tokbaumifwuk,v;ukd yki;jcm;,l&ef rpGr;Ekijf im;tH?h okYd r[kwf if;\ wpdwwyki; d f Hk d f f d f d f omvQif azma&mifvsufjdS im;tH?h xkxdk a,m*Donf tMuifrQaom uk,wpdwwyki;ukd zl;zl;a&mifonf\ tpGr; d d f f d f f tm;jzifh Pfjzifh odr;,lEi\? xkrQukomvQif ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) f dk f d d d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-rS0b;onf .... (jzpf)[k pyfyg/ aemufvnf; bl;onf-[laom 0duwd uwm;yk'rsm;ukd enf;wlyif D J l f pyfyg/ 2-(....) -vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd pum;rSm #DumrSjznfpucsufjzpfonf/ f f h G f
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1-wifyg;ESiwuG ausmufq;k;\ tpyfu&nf cg;wifyg;tpyf 1ck[k rdeYf qonf/ (#Dum) hf l d dk dk
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1-'gedEihf t,H-yk'wYdkudk jrefrmpum; acsmap&ef waygif;wnf;jyefxm;aom teufjzpfonf/ if;ukd S f tqk;tjzwf pum;aywnf;ESihf pyfyg/ H 2-om"kuH Oy"ma&wAaO0 00waywAO-[lonfum; kaopGm aumif;pGm owdjzifrwvnf; rSwtyf\? d h S f f ynmjzifh qH;jzwfvnf; qk;jzwftyf\/ rSeay\? owdudk "m&Pm ("m&Pwm) aqmifjcif;[l ("ro*FPygVd ESm k H f D 119-) zGijhf yxm;ayonf? "m&Paqmifjcif; [lonfrmvnf; t&m ovuP - aumif;pGmrSwjf cif;yifwnf;/ S ynmukd y0dp,-tjym;tm;jzifh pdppfjcif;[l (xkygVdyif) zGijhf ytyfayonf? y0dp,-tm;jzifh pdppfjcif; [lonf d rSmvnf; t&m qk;jzwfjcif;aywnf;/ wenf;um; Oy"ma&wA-[lonfrm owd aSYom;Saomynmjzifh H S G d rSwtyf\ ([k qkv\)/ rSeay\? owduif;aom ynmrnfonfw&HwcgrQ rSay/ 00waywA-[lonfum; f d dk f d ynmaSUoGm;Saom owdjzifh qk;jzwftyf\ ([k qkv\)/ rSeay\? ynmESiwuGomvQif jzpfaom owdudk d H d dk f hf t&m tvkdSdtyf\? xkd ynmrS uif;aom owdudk tvkrStyfay/ (#Dum) d d
178
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1-rsupxuf0ufjzifh arS; Munfjh cif; rsuapmif; xk;Munfjh cif; ponfwYdk\ tpGr;tm;jzifvnf; f d f d f h Munfjh cif; SaomaMumifh zGivsuf Munf[k qkayonf/ d hf h d
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1-wH'omwdrca,0 umwAH [laomygXfudk jrefrm acsmatmif jyefxm;onf/ d k H
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1-'gedEihf t,Hyk'wYdk udk waygif;wnf; jyefxm;aom teufyifjzpfonf/ if;ukd qkvaom t"dyg,f S f d dk aywnf;ESihf pyfyg/ 2-ta0vm-tcgrJh [lonfrm nOfO;arSmif&csderp wnOfv;yifjzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh ]]qnf;qm(psm) S h D D f S h Hk tcsdef tpSaom roifavsmfaomtcsde[k #Dum zGijhf yayonf/ d h f 3- ur|mef;tmkH 38yg;[lonfrm ygVdawmfwYdk wkuua[m rxm;aom tmavmuESihf tmumo S d f dk f uokP;ukd ur|mef; 40xJrS EIwy,f usefaom ur|mef;rsm;yifjzpfonf/ om"uESiwuG tjynftpkovvQif d f f hf h H d dk 0do'r*f jrefrmjyef yXrwG(yXrESy) ESm-540? rSwcsuf 2 Munfyg/ (pmtrSwf 99ESiqi\) k d J d f f h hf dk f
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1-jzpfaom .... tjcif;t&m edrwaywnf;[k pyfyg/ d f
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1-ur|meH OyedAEw[lonfum; bm0em (pdw)ukd qkcwi;aom tokbedrw aqmifuyfvsuf d f d hJ dk f d f zGUJ csn\/ rSeay\? tm;xkwjf cif; trIonf a,m*Drm okc txl;wkYd \ taMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh ur|me[l f f S qkvayonf/ (ur-tm;xkwr[aom + Xme - a,m*Drm&rnfh csrf;omtxl;wkYd \taMumif; = ur|me-csr;om d dk f I l S f txl;wkYd \ taMumif;jzpfaom bm0emtm;xkwr/ tvktm;jzifh bm0em (pdw)[laom ur|mef;ukd 0g-ur|mef; f I d f rnfaom bm0empdwudk tokbedrw aqmifuyf zGUJ csnfonf[k qkv\/) wenf;um; tm;xkwr\ f d f d dk f I jzpf&mXme jzpfaomaMumifh xifNrJwi;aom tokbedrwonf ur|mef; rnf\/ (ur-bm0em tm;xkwr\ + dk f d f f I Xme-jzpf&m Xmetmk=ur|me-bm0emtm;xkwr\ jzpf&mXme tokbedrwtmk/) xkur|me rnfaom tokb H f I d f H d edrwudk bm0empdw aqmifuyf zGUJ csn\/ (#Dum) aqmifuyf zGUJ csnf[onfrm bm0empdwEihf tmkH d f f f l S f S yl;uyfvsuf NrJNrHpm Ijcif;ukyif qkvonf/ G d d dk
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1-y#doEm&[lonfrm o'geuftm;jzifh zk;vTr; ydwqYdk ryifjzpfonf? if;onf tmrdoy#doEm& S H f f I ypn;jzifh zk;vTr;ydwqYdk jcif;? "ry#doEm&w&m;jzifh zk;vTr;ydwqYk jd cif; [l 2rsKd; S\/ xkwif ypn;&vkaom f H f f H f f d d G f d oltm; ay;oifaom ypn;ukd ray;vsif cifrif&if;ES;rI ysufjcif; &efid;zGYJ jcif;[laom tayguftMum; jzpfwwf\? h f D xkoYdk aom tayguftMum; rjzpfap&ef ay;oifaom ypn;ukd xk&vkotm; apmapmuyif udwif ay;urf;jcif; d h f d d l jzifh zk;vTr;ydwqYkd&\? xkoYdk ydwqYdk jcif;ukd tmrdoy#doEm& [kac:onf/ xkYd twlyif w&m;pum; a[majym H f f d f cs;ajrmufjcif;jzifh ydwqYdk jcif;ukd "ry#doEm&[k ac:onf/ t&m y#doEm&pum;[lonfrm xk"ry#doEm& D f S d twGi;0ifaom tjyeftvSef EIwqufajymqkjd cif;rQom jzpfoifonf? xkYd aMumifh EIwqufpum;[k jyefxm;jcif; f f h f jzpfonf/
179
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1-0akaEm-[k SaomygXft& jyefaom teufjzpfonf/ 0dyemukd yGg;apvsuf .... vGwajrmuf&ay d f vdrrnf-[k pyfyg/ rdru,wif 0dyemIvsuf vGwajrmuf&ayvdrrnf[k tusKd;ukd qifjcifyjHk zpfonf/ hf d dk f dk f hf tmedoo'm0Dy'\ tzGijhf zpfaomaMumifh ygXfEihf teufu om oifjh rwfayonf/ H k f S 2-0akaEe-[k SaomygXft& jyefaomteuf jzpfonf/ yGg;apvkaom olonf .... ajrmfjrifonf jzpf&m\ d d -[k pyfyg/ raumif;vS/
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1- teuf 2-ckwYdkwif yXrteufonf #DumESitnD jzpfonf? (wenf;) jyaom 'kw,teufonf G hf d jynfre, jyxm;aom teuf jzpfonf/ if;u om oif[ef\/ l d h dS 2- teuft"dyg,fukd 0do'r*fjrefrmjyef yXrwGJ (y-ESy) ESm381atmufajc rSwcsufudk Munfyg/ k d d f f h (pmyk'trSwf 57-ESiqi\) d f hf dk f
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1-ESv;roGi;jcif;aMumifh ........ uif;aysmuf\[k pyfyg/ Hk f 2-umrpE uif;aysmuf\-[k qkonfrm vk;0tjrpfjywf uif;oGm;onfum; r[kw?f 0durey[mef d S H tvktm;jzifh a0;uGmjcif;rQom jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh ]]a0;uGmonfh tvktm;jzif}h }[k 0daooe rxm;ayonf/ d d 3-ESpouf cspfcsifwwfaom umrpEvQif taMumif;Saom tmCmw-a'goonf (ol\) taMumif;&if; f d jzpfaom umrpEudk y,fcgvkuvQif y,fcgNyD; jzpfavawmh\? xkYd aMumifh ]]ESpoufcspfcifwwfaom umrpE\ G d f G f uif;jcif;aMumifyifvQif Asmyg'a'govnf; uif;\}}[k t|uxm qkayonf/ (#Dum) h d
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1-jzpf; SaomaMumifh [laom teufonf or0awm jzpfoifaomaMumifh [laom yk'teuf\ dk d h f ay:vGiaom pum;vS,jf zpfonf/ f 2-y'dvnf; (xifm;jzpfay:\) [k twdtusjyefvQif okwenf;olwYdk u if;ukvnf; psmeft*Fgwyg;[k S d xifrm;zG,f SaomaMumifh txufygtwki; ty"mey jyefxm;onf/ S d d f
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1-olaoaumifukd ..... &Ekdifay\[k pyfyg/ 2-vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd pum;&yfonf aSUaemuf0gusESp&yfqufpyfrap&ef jznfpujf yxm;aom pum; f f f d h G jzpfonf/ 3-tuRrf;0ifjcif;okYd a&muf\-[lonfrm olaoaumif zkwaomokb&mZmuJoYdkyif rpufqytyfonf\ S f h k f tjzpfoYdk (0gpufqyz,r[kwonf\tjzpfoYdk) a&muf&m\ ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) k f G f f d dk
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1-t|dutokbukd ..... a[mawmfrl (tyf) ayonf-[k pyfyg/
180
2-t|du tokb ... oGm; ... yNyD;vQif ... rSwfom;NyD;vQif ... rSwf,ltyf\-[k pyfyg/
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1-'Gg&H 'wGm0 wHcg;ukay;vsuf wHcg;zGivsufomvQif[l&m ]]pufqyz,\ tjzpfuom jrifvQif d hf k f G f dk edrwf rnfayonf}}[k rQomvQif r&yfwefYr tjcm;rJyifvQif ]]tokbur|mef; edrwonf (O*[edrwf d l h d f d y#dbm*edrwf [l) ESpyg;tjym;S\}} okYd ponfjzifh O*[edrwf y#dbm*edrwwYdk udk cGjJ cm; qkjd cif;jzifh qkchJ d f d d d f d wki;aom edrwudk cGjJ cm;jcif;\ wHcg;ukd ay;vsufzGivsufomvQif qkxm;ayonf/ (#Dum) d f d f hf d 1-0d'G"mESpyg;jym;tm;jzifh + uyBuHqjcif; = 0duytSiyu,u wifw,fonf taokyu,u d f f k f dk f h f dk f rwifw,f[k ESpo,f ESpcG BuHqjcif;/ xkoYdk ESpo,EpcG BuHqjcif; rSyJ tSia&mtaoa&m kyu,[orQ h f G f d f G f S f d f f dk f l rwifw,fonfcsnf;[k ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd edAuyH uwGm-ESpo,EpcG BuHqjcif;rSdatmify[kqkdayonf/ h Hk f d f G f S f #Dumum;-wifw,fonf[k 0duyBuHjcif;jzifh edAuyBuHjcif;rSonfu?dk rwifw,f[om BuHjcif;ukd y h d H d h l [laom teufudk qkv\[k zGijhf yxm;onf/ xktvktm;jzifh edAuyuwGmwifw,fonf[k BuHjcif;rSatmif d dk d d d H h d y[k jyef&m\/ 0duyyk' 0dukd teufrS[vnf; ,l&m\/ f d l
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1-O*[edrwonf azmufjyefaom tqif;SonftpSaompum;jzifh ]]y#dbm*edrwonf azmufjyefaom d f d d d f tqif;rS}d }ponfjzifh cGjJ cm;&ef wHcg;zGiay;jcif; jzpfayonf/ hf 2-r[mwd rax&ftm; .... rde;rwuk,v;\ .... xifjcif;-[k pyfyg/ f d f Hk 3-pum;jzifh oGm;k;rQxifjcif;onf O*[edrw?f wuk,v;tk;pk tjzpfjzifh xifjcif;onf y#dbm*edrwf d d d f Hk d d [k cGjJ cm;odap\/ 4-Oka0vuytrSL;Saom &aoha[mif; &[EmwaxmifEiwuG &mZ*d[f rdYoYdk qGr;bkO;ay;&ef d S hf f f jrwfpGmbk&m; <uawmfrlaomtcg odMum;rif;u v ifysKdtoGijf zifh jrwfpmbk&m;ukd csD;usL;vsuf aSUrS edAmefaqmf v k G tjzpfjzifh yifaqmifom;avonf/ xkpOftcgu csD;usL;jcif;ukd &nf txufyg *kPy'udk rdeYf qawmfrayonf/ h G d f k f dk l xk*Py'x w&mq,fv[laompum; q,fv[aom ocFsmjzifh tokbq,fyg;ukd a[mawmfronfEihf d k f k f J D D l l S avsmnpm cs;usL;jcif; jzpfayonf/ xkd cs;usL;aom pum;xJ a,m "Da&m oA"d 'aEmjrwfpmbk&m;wnf;[laom f D G D D G tMuifynmSonf t&mcyfor; ,Ofaus;awmfray\ ponfjzifh csD;usL;ykudk #Dum t>rufrQ zGijhf yxm;onf/ d d f l H tjynftpkovvQif 0denf; r[m0gESm 48ponf Munfyg/ ,if; 0daooeyk'udk jrwfpmbk&m;onf[laom h H d dk h f G 0daoosyk'Eipyfyg/ f S hf
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1-jynfhpkHawmfrlaom .... jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ...... [k pyfyg/ 2-0daooejzifh yXrpsmefwyg;yg;ukom &apEkiaMumif;jyonf/ d d f
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1-'o"mq,fyg;tjym;tm;jzif[k twdtusjyefvQif tpGr;tm;jzif[aom aSUyk'Eihf xyfaeouJoYdk h f h l f S h jzpfrnfaMumifh jrefrmpum;acsmap&ef txufygtwki; jyefxm;onf/ d f
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1-ye\ teufjzpfonf? qkrnfpum;\ teuft"dyg,f xifm;ap&ef azmfjyefxm;onf/ d h S
181
2-tokbtmkH\ tm;enf;jcif;aMumif[l&m pufqyz,aumif;jcif;aMumifh rdr pdwudk wnfwapjcif; h k f G f d f hH xm;jcif;iSg rpGr;Edionf\ tjzpfonf tokbtmkH\ tm;enf;jcif;aywnf;/ (#Dum) f k f 3-p\ teufjzpfonf? qkrnfpum;\ teuft"dyg,f xifm;ap&ef azmfjyefcsufyif jzpfonf/ d h S 4-tokbtmkH .... yDwdaomre jzpfay:ay\[k pyfyg/
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1-yef;rIuoef Oyrmukd tusK;tmedoif ajrmfjrifjcif;aMumifh yDwaomrejzpfyEihf pyf,&efif;? a&m*g d f G d d Hk S l onf Oyrmukd eD0&P uif;jcif;aMumifh yDwaomrejzpfyEihf pyf,&efif; #Dum jyqkxm;onf/ d Hk S l d 2-p\ teufyifjzpfonf/ 3-tokbonf .... olaoaumif\ uk,omvQif r[kwao;? toufiqJ vl\uk,vnf; xifay d f f S f d f ao;\[k pyfyg/
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1-zkH;uG,fxm;aomaMumifh .... rxifay:yJ Sdayonf[k pyfyg/ 2-oGm;k;wkYd EiwuG ok;&mausmf[k qkonf? oGm;k;rsm; rygvQif ok;&mrQom Sonf? um,*wmowd d S hf H d d H d tzGi jyqkvwH/ (#Dum) hf d h
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1-t0wftxnfwkdYjzifh .... zkH;vTrf;[k pyfyg/ 2-,mxm0o&oH-[lonfum; ,xmblw-[kwwi;rSeaom? obm0Hrdr\oabm olYyifuoabm H f dk f f d dk jzpfaom ([k qkv\)/ ,mxm0awm[kwwi; rSeaomtm;jzif?h &oD,wd ,wDwd odtyfaomaMumif?h d dk f dk f f &aom&o rnf\? obma0goabmw&m;yifwnf;/ (#Dum) #DumESitnD o&oHyk'udk olYyifuoabm[k hf f dk jyefxm;onf? obm0vuPmyifwnf;/
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1-0do'r*f owm-ow0gwkYd onf[k omrnqkxm;aomfvnf; vlwYdk udk &nf,aomaMumifh vlow0g k d d G f wkYd onf[k jyefxm;onf/ 2-tD,Ed\ odv,aom teufjzpfonf? o'geuftm;jzifrtESypufc&ouJoYdk jzpfue\[l jyef&m G f h l d f H h k f \/ 3-tzdYk tpkurl ... wyfrufMuvsuf ... rSwf,lMu\[k pyfyg/ dk 4-okYd rSw,Ml uaomaMumifh ... wlnjD cif;okYd a&mufMu&avonf[k pyfyg/ f 5-#Dum awmifuopf[k zGiNhf yD;vQif aygufyif[laom teufudk aupd0g'tjzpfjzifh jyqkxm;\/ d okYd aomfvnf; aygufyifacG;apmif[aom ajymk;qkpOf xifm;aeonftwki; jyefxm;onf/ h l d d S h d f
182
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1-uk,aumifyy\ ... pufqyz,oabmukd I&m\[k pyfyg/ d f k f k f G f
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+-odem;vnf&ef rcJ,Of;aomaMumifif;? usufrw qifjcifajyma[m&ef tvkowYdk twGuf tusKd;rsm; h S f d dS l apvkaomaMumifif; *gxmok;yk'f ygVdudk xkwjf y ed,enf;jzifh jyefxm;onf/ d h H
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1-q,fyg;wkdYwGif .... Ak'gEkwdrnf\ponfjzifh pyfyg/ 2-tEkwdyk'f tEk-\ teufujdk yonf? tzefwvJv[k teufjyefapvk\/ J d 3-tEk-tzefwvJvJ + owd-atmufarhrI = tEkwd-tzefwvJvJ atmufarhr/ I 4-tEk-\ teufwyg;ukjd yonf? avsmfaom-[k jyefapvk\/ d 5-tEk - avsmaom + owd-atmufarhrI = tEkwd - avsmfaom atmufarhr/ avsmf[onfrm f I l S atmufarhoifaom tmktm;vnf; avsmfonf? o'gyAZwtm;vnf; avsmfonf[k teuf 2yg;vk;yif ,l&m\/ h H d H 6-tMuif *kPwYdk udk tpGJ y jrwfpmbk&m; Ak'-bk&m;-[laom trnfynwfonf jzpf\/ xkb&m;*kPf f G d k wkYd udk waygif;wnf; ,l Ak'-jrwfpm bk&m;uk-[k qkonf/ xkYd aMumifh ]] trnfonf Ak'jrwfpmbk&m;\ H G d d G *kPawmfwYdk udk tmkH yaom owd\ trnfaywnf;}}[k rdeYf qavonf/ (#Dum) okYd #Dum jyqkaomaMumifh f dk d Ak'jrwfpmbk&m;ukd tmkH y[k qkaomfvnf; jrwfpmbk&m;\ *kPfawmfwkdYukd tmkHy[laom teuft"dyg,fukd G d G ,l&m\/ w&m;awmfudk tmkH y ponfwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif ,l&m\/
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1-oD[kdVfrl t&mwGif tEkrygyJ ]]OyEm owd r&Pwdjzpfaom owdonf r&Pwd rnf\}}[k Sd\? t*Fw&ygVd 'k268ESihf nDay\/ k 2-S&if;twki; twdtusjyefvQif ygVdrwwfowYdk rm todcuf Snvsm;rnfaMumifh tenf;i,f d d f l S f ajymif;vJ jyefxm;onf/ 3-um,*wmyk'Eihf owdyk'udk ur"m&,ormof wGpyfaomtcg *wm tmukd &yoif\? f S f J h okYd aomf xkoYdk & ryyJ um,*wmowd[lyif a[mxm;onf[k odaponf/ d
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1-aum|moedrwudk tmkH yaom[lonfum; qHyif tpSaom aum|mowkYd pufqyz,erwudk d f d k f G f d d f tmkH yaom ([k qkv\)/ rS aS;jzpfueaom ckepfyg;aom tEkwdwYdk edrwjf zpfjcif;xifjcif; rSday? d dk k f d um,*wmowd Sayonf[k jyjcif;iSg () edrwudk ,ljcif;qkjd cif; jzpfayonf/ (#Dum) d d f 2-tme0ifav+tygexGuav+owdtrSw&rI=tmemygewd0ifav xGuavukd trSw&rIowd/ f f f f 3-OyorH[lonfrm ocFg&tm;vk; Nidr;&mwnf;? edAmef[k qkv\/ (#Dum) OyorocFg&tm;vk; Nidr;&m S H f d dk H f edAmefu+tEkwdtzefwvJvJ atmufarhjcif;=OyormEkwdedAmefudk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhjcif; 0gedAmef\ dk ocFg&qif;&JNidr;jcif; *kPudk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhjcif;/ f f
183
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1-Pfjzifouf0if bk&m;\*kPwYdk udk trSetwki; odNyD;jzpfay:aom Munfvifjcif;,kMH unfjcif;onf h f f d f ta0pyom'rnf\? t&d,r*fjzifvmaom ,kMH unfjcif;aywnf;/ wenf;um; xkt&d,r*fo'gESiwaom o'g h d hf l onfvnf; ta0pyom' rnf\? ,if; o'gonf rdpmt,l [laom avwkYd aMumifh vIym;jcif;rS?d ,if;ukd xkav f S d wkYd u rvIym;apEki?f xkd ta0pyom'ESihf jynfpaom (ol[k qkv\)/ xkoYdk aom yk*Kd vftm; Ak'gEkwd f S d h Hk d dk d bm0emonf NyD;pD; jynfpwwfay\/ xkrS wyg;aom yk*Kd vftm; rNyD;pD; rjynfpwwfay/ (#Dum) h Hk d h Hk 2-qdwNf idr&mokYd uyfa&mufvsu[laom xkpum;jzifh tazmfqwjf cif;[laom um,0da0uukd jy\/ f f d d (#Dum)
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1- yXrteufonf tEk&wd [laom S&if;yk'\ twdtus jyefcsufjzpfonf/ vufonf;uGi; d f f twGi;Sd 'kw,teufonfum; aS;pmyk'\ tqkH;Sdaom tEk&dwAm-tzefwvJvJ atmufarhtyfue\ f d d f k f [laom pum;ESitavsmfjzpfonf/ rS aemuf wdyd yk'\ teufudk ]]rdem p rdem p um&aPemwd 0kwH hf f a[mwdokYd aom taMumif;aMumifvnf; okYd aom taMumif;aMumifvnf;[k qkvdk onf}}[l zGijhf yxm;csuf h h d Sdao;\/ xkteufrm ]]okYd aom taMumif;aMumifvnf; t&[H rnfawmfrygayonf}} ponfjzifazmf jyefcNhJ yD; d S h l h jzpfaomaMumifif;? jrefrmjyef xkteuftzGiudk jyqkjd cif;jzifh tusKd;rrsm; aomaMumifif; ,if;teuftzGiudk h d hf h hf >cif;csefxm;onf/
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1-tm&uma0;uGmonf[laom yk'rS t&[H[k ajymif;vJvmonf [l qkv\/ xkYd aMumifh tzGit& f d dk hf tm;jzifh t&[H 0goemESiwuG waxmifig;&m udavom tnpftaMu;wkYd rS uif;a0;pifMu,fawmf rlayaom hf h jrwfpmbk&m;[k tzefwvJvatmufarhqifjciftyf\/ (waxmifig;&m udavom wGuyudk y#dporkyg'fw&m;awmf G J h f Hk 'kw,wGJ ESm-348 rSm Munfyg)/ om0u&[EmtSijf rwfrsm;vnf; udavom tm;vk;rS uif;Muonfcsnf;yif? d h H okYd aomf udavom SpOfu tavhtvm 0goemonfum; ruif;yJvnf; Swwf\/ xkYd aMumifh tSiyvE0p d d f d d rax&frm jAm[PrsKd; jzpfcpOfu tavhtvm tvktm;jzifh olwyg;ukd 0ov ol,w[k Iwcsvsuf keYf &if;pGm S hJ d k f f ajymqkavh 0goemruif;yJ Savonf/ jrwfpmbk&m;rSmrlum; xk0goemyguif;awmfray\/ t&mtaygif;vkduf d d G d l r[kwyJ avmbuif;awmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;? a'go uif;awmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;ponfjzifh tpdwtpdwf f l G l G f tm;jzifvnf; atmufarhqifjcifEiao;\/ h dk f
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1-0gus twdtusjyefvQif tMuify*Kd vfjrwf\ tMuifuavom tnpftaMu;ESiwuG rjzpfjcif;onf k d hf jzpf\[k jyef&ayvdrrnf/ xkoYdk jyefvQif jrefrmpum;racsm? xkYd aMumifh txufygtwki; tenf;i,fjyif hf d d f jyefxm;onf/ 2-t&drSt& &efowYdk u+[wrS [HowfNyD;aom bk&m;=t&[Hudavom &efowYdk udk y,fowfawmf l dk l rlaom jrwfpmbk&m;/ vnf; avmbukd y,fowfawmfrNl yD;aom jrwfpmbk&m;/ a'goukd y,fowfawmf G G rlNyD;aom jrwfpmbk&m; ponfjzifvnf; atmufarh qifjcifEiao;\/ G h dk f
rSwfcsuf
1-oaAyd tm;vk;wkYd uvnf;[laom yk' ]]yd=vnf;}}[laom pum;jzifh udavom &efotm;vk; H dk f l H taygif;ukom r[kw?f udavom &efol tpdwtpdwuvnf; owfawmfrNl yD;jzpfonf[k aygif;qnf; jy\/ d f f dk okYd aomf jrefrmpum;t&m xkoYdk aygif;qnf; ajymqkavh rSay? xkYd aMumifh aygif;qnf;jcif;teuf Saom xky d d d d d d o'g\teuf (vnf;) [laom pum;ukd vufonf;uGi;jzifh jyxm;onf/ f
184
2-tMuif oHo&m pufb;onf .... ykawmif;Sonf (jzpf) .... aumif;pGm wyfqifxm;tyfonf (jzpf) D H d .... rjywfvnfvsuf\[k pyfyg/ qkvonfrm xkoo&m [laom pufb;onf xkoYdk aom ykawmif;axmuf dS d dk S d H D d H tuefYrsm;ESihf tuGyonfjh yif xkoYdk aom 0if;vnf; wyfqifxm;aomaMumifh rjywfvnfaeonf [k qkvay\/ f dS d dk d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-tMuif oHo&m pufb;onf .... ykawmif;Sonf (jzpf ) ... aumif;pGm wyfqifxm;tyfonf (jzpf) ... D H d rjywfvnfvsuf\[k pyfyg/ qkvonfrm xkoo&m[laom pufb;onf xkoYdk aom ykawmif; axmuftuefY dS d dk S d H D d H rsm;ESihf tuGyonfjh yif xkoYdk aom 0if;vnf; wyfqifxm;aomaMumifh rjywfvnfaeonf[k qkvay\/ f dS d dk d dk 2-axmuftuefY tm;vk;wkYd udk .... ckwjf zwf zsufq;awmfrl (tyfue) avNyD [k pyfyg/ H D k f 3-t&axmuftuefYwYdk u+[w[H ckwjf zwf zsufq;NyD;aom bk&m;=t&[H oHo&m [laom pufb;\ dk D D ocFg&ok;yg; wnf;[laom axmuftuefYwYdk udk zsufq;awmfrNl yD;aom jrwfpmbk&m;/ qkvonfrm ukovf uH H D G d dk S dk tukovuH [laom ocFg&axmuftuefYwYdk udk zsufq;vkuojzifh b0opf kyemrf vk;0rjzpfvmawmhyJ jywfpJ dk f D d f f H oGm;aomaMumifh kyemrf cEmwkYd \ jzpfpOf [laom oHo&m pufb;BuD; rvnfEiawmhay/ xkoYdk rvnfEiatmif f D dk f d dk f axmuftuefYwYdkudk zsuq;awmfrNl yD;aom jrwfpmbk&m; [k qkvay\/ f D G d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-tEktqifqifvu + trw*rodtyfrodEiaumif;aom tpSonf=terw* tqifqifh aSUokYd h h dk f dk f d h vku qifjcifvQif rodtyfrodEiaumif;aom tpSonfh oHo&m/ qkvonfrm ,ckb0 0dnmPf emrfyf d f dk f d d dk S k paom tusKd;w&m;rsm; Saejcif;aMumifh xktusKd;w&m;wkYd \ taMumif;jzpfaom t0dZm wPSm ponfwYdk onf d d aS;b0uSconf[k od&\/ xkaS;b0vnf; t0dZmwPSmpaom taMumif;wkYd onf 0dnmPfpaom tusKd;w&m; d hJ d rsm;ukyif rS jzpfcMhJ uonf? okYd jzpf xkd tusKd;w&m;wkYd \ taMumif; w&m;wkYd onfvnf; xkYd xuf aS;usaom d D b0 jzpfconf/ xktaMumif;wkYd \ rS&m tusKd;w&m;rsm;vnf; xkb0 ScaomaMumifh xktusKd;wkYd \ taMumif; hJ d D d d hJ d onfvnf; xkYd xufaS;usaom b0 Sconf/ okYd ponfjzifh aS;okYd tqifqifvuqifjcif MunfvQif d hJ h h dk f h oHo&m\ tpukd rawGUEkif rodEionfomwnf;/ okYd jzpf kyemrf cEmwkYd \ jzpfpOf[aom oHo&mrSm rodtyf d dk f f l rodEkdifaumif;aom tpSdonftp rSd[lyif qkdvkday\/
rSwfcsuf
1-t&m aus;Zl;y [lonfrm oufqi&m tusKd;w&m; jzpfay:&eftwGuf wenf;enf;jzifh taxmuf S dk f tul jzpfjcif;ukyif qkonf/ xkoYdk -taxmuftul jzpfyrmvnf; a[wkyp,owd tm&rPyp,owd ponfjzifh d d d Hk S 24rsKd; Sonf/ twdtusodvvQif jrefrmjyef pwkwwJG ESm 54ponf 88ponfwYdk Munfyg/ d dk h
rSwfcsuf
1-3yg;aom tm,we[lonfrm puK aomw rem,wewkYd yif jzpfonf/ S 2-3yg;aom z[lonfrm puK aomw raemorwkYd yif jzpfonf/ S 3-wPSmum,[laom yk't& wPSmtaygif;[k jyefxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tqif;trsKd;rsKd; qmavmif f wyfrufaom wPSmtaygif;ukd lywPSm um,lywPSmtaygif;[k ac:onf? o'wPSmtaygif; ponfwYdk udk vnf; enf;wlyif odtyf\/
185
rSwfcsuf
1-]]bko;yg; twGi;0ifaom w&m; tm;vk;wkYd onfvnf; tvktyfaom teufoabmaMumifh umr H Hk f H d dS rnfue\}}[k a[mawmfraomaMumifh lyb0 wyfrufaom b0&m*onfvnf; umrkyg'gef rnfonfom [k k f l ESv;oGi; ]]umrkyg'gef[aom taMumif;aMumifyifvQif arwmukd yGg;ap\}}[k rdeYf qayonf/ (#Dum) Hk f l h dk
rSwfcsuf
1-t0dZmonfvnf; tmo0ork',aMumifh jzpf&um; xkd 2yg;vk;ukyif taMumif;aMumifjh zpfaom tusKd; H d [k qkayonf/ d
rSwfcsuf
1-ed'|wmyk'udk ]]xkwjf ytyfNyD;ukeonf\ tjzpfaMumif}h }[k twdtusjyefvQif okwenf;olwYdk em;vnf d f f Murnf r[kway? xkYd aMumifh txufygtwki; odv,aom y&d,m,f wyg;jzifh ajymif;vJ jyefxm;onf/ f d f G f 2-jyef;jyefpOftwki; tmum&ukd tjcif;t&m[k jyefxm;onf/ tmud&,Ed yumoD,E[k zGijhf yaom dk d f D d #Dum 0pewt&tm;jzifh jznfpujf ytyfaom w&m;rsm;[k qkoif\/ h G d h
rSwfcsuf
1-Saom[laom 0daooeyk'f 4ck jzpfvsuf pum;rarsmap&ef 2yk'f 2yk'f aygif; jyefxm;onf/ d 2-Zmeea|eyk'\ jrefrmjyef jzpfonf/ yo'gESiwuG yZmeetjym;tm;jzifh odwwfonf[k f hf rqkaomfvnf; &nf,csuf tm;avsmfpm ynmESihf t&wlaom PPfouyif jyqkjd cif;jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh d G f G d dk yo'g rygyJ Zmemwdod\? Zmeeodjcif;[k qkvQif ynmod r[kw[k wxpfcs rqktyf r,ltyfay/ t&m d f d ]]oAtvk;pku?dk ZmemwDwodwwfaomaMumif?h oAoAk bk&m;rnf\}}[laom yk'teufEihf oAwnmP H H H d k f S k tvk;pkuoaomPf[aom yk'f teufponfwYdk uvnf; owdyoif\/ H H dk d l dk h
rSwfcsuf
1-t&axmuf tuefYwYdk u+[wrS [Hzsufq;awmfrNl yD;aom bk&m;=t&[HoHo&m [laom pufb;\ dk D D axmuftuefYwYdkudk t&[wr*f Pfoefvsujf zifh ckwjf zwf zsuq;awmfrNl yD;aom jrwfpmbk&m;/ f D G
186
trSwf (1) y#dporkyg'fpuf0kdif;ykH
trSwf 1ykonf txufyg 0do'r*f 128pmyk'EitnD a&;qGxm;aomykjH zpfonf/ ,if; puf0i;yk H k d d f S hf J dk f H t0dZmaMumifjh zpfaom yknmbdocFg&ukd umr lytm;jzifh 2rsKd; cGjJ yxm;onf? xkwif umryknm bdocFg&rS (1) d G tyg,f Z&m r&P (2) vl-ewfZ&mr&P (3) ly Z&mr&P (4) tly Z&mr&P [laom tuGyf 4rsKd;okdY a&mufEiaomaMumifh ,if;ukd 4uefYjyxm;onf? xkenf;jzifyif lyyknmbdocFg&ukd 3uefY? tyknmbdocFg&ukd dk f d h 2uefY? tmaeOmbdocFg&ukd 2uefY cG jyxm;onf/ J tEk tEk trw*H-[laom #DumtzGiEitnD terw*-tprxifyrmhf S hf Hk S (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) tyifawGUod? rsKd;aph?dS BuHoEiayonf/ d dk f rsKd;aph Su? olUyifr? S&jyefacsonf/ d d enf;t&? SmBuHu? tp rxifNyD/ enf;wlmu? oHom&? tp rxifNyD/ S ,ckb0? usKd;jzpf&? aS;u aMumif;Sonf/ d xkaMumif;rS&m? usKd;ig;jzm? xkcgSconf/ d D d d hJ xkusKd;jzpfz,?f aMumif;ig;oG,?f aS;0,fconf/ d G dS hJ enf;t&? SmBuHu? tp rxifNyD/
187
trSwf (2) y#dporkyg'fpuf0kdif;ykH
trSwf 2ykonf 0do'r*fjrefrmjyef pwkwwJG ESm 191? pmyk'eygwf 652ponfEihf wkuqiMf unf&ef H k d d f H S d f dk h jzpfonf/ tao;pdwf cGjJ cm;od&efrmS rlvESpjf zm? a'G;opmrS? tvTmav;xyf? 0#fo;&yfEi?hf Hk S tpyfo;jzm? t*FgqJEp0? umvok;oG,?f ESpq,fjcif;&m? Hk h S f H f Spjf zm0,f? t*Fgig;wef? ypKyew&m;? tusKd;rsm;uk?d xifm;rdr?d f S Ioorm? a0'emaMumif?h wPSm0#fjrpf? rjzpfvmyJ? pufjywfpJ d l S S onfqif;&JcsKyfNidr;avownf;/ f txufyg tusOf;csKyfvuFm t*Fgig;wef ypKyew&m;tusKd;rsm;ukd xifm;rdrd Ioorm-[l&m0,f f S d l S qkvonfrm-,ckjrifwi; Mum;wki; eHwi; pm;odwi; xdowi; BuHowi; jzpfay:aeaom jrifo0nmPf d dk S dk f d f dk f dk f d dk f d dk f d d tpSaom 0dnmPfEiwuG emrfyf tm,we z a0'em[laom ypKyef tusKd;ig;yg;wkYd udk jzpfwi;jzpfwi; d S hf k dk f dk f obm0 vuPm tjzpf tysuf tedp 'ku tew vuPmwkYd jzifh xifxif Sm;Sm; xdxrrd Ioaeaomolrm-[k d d d S qkv\/ d dk a0'emaMumifh wPSm0#fjrpf rjzpfvmyJ ponf qkvonfrm-xkoYdk xdxrrd Ioaeaomolrm Iowi; S d dk S d d d d S d dk f Iowi; tedptjcif;t&m ponfjzifh rSepmod&aom kyemrftmk tm&rPmEko,ac: jzpfxuaom wPSmonf d dk f f G f H dk f w'*Ftm;jzifh csKyfNidr;\? xkYd aMumifh xkwPSmrS qufjzpfrnfh Oyg'gef b0Zmwd Z&mr&PwkYd onfvnf; csKyfNidr; f d f Muavonf? okYd 0dyemjzifh csKyfNidr;NyD;aemuf t&d,r*f cP oEmemEko,wPSmonfvnf; orkap' f tm;jzifh csKyfNidr; Oyg'gefponfwYdk onfvnf; tNyD;wkif csKyfNidr;oGm;Muavonf[k qkv\/ okYd csKyfNidr;ykH f d f d dk f ukyif &nf ed'ge0*o,wf orookwf (ESm-333)d H k ,H avmau yd,ly?H omwlyH wH tedpawm yE?d 'kuawm tewawm yE?d aw wPSH yZ[Ed Oy" yZ[Ed 'kuH yZ[Ed = cspz,f om,mzG,f oabm[k qktyfaom jrifrI f G d Mum;rI ponfudk tedp 'ku tew[k Ioaom olwYkd onf d wPSmukd y,fpeYf ue\? Oy"drnfaom cEmukd y,fpeYf ue\? G k f G k f qif;&Judk y,fpeYf ue\-ponfjzifh a[mawmfravonf/ G k f l
188
xke'ge0*o,wf (ESm-300) 'kuowf ponfwYdk vnf;d d H k k wa,0 wPSm, taoo0d&m*eda&m"m Oyg'ge eda&ma"m=(a0'emaMumifh jzpfxuaom) xkwPSm\yifvQif dk f d t<uif;rJh ysujf y,fjcif; csKyfjcif;aMumifh Oyg'gef\ csKyfjcif; jzpfajrmuf NyD;pD;onfponfjzifh a[mawmf rlavonf/
rSwfcsuf
1-t&["mwf+tEypn;wkYd jzifh t&[E-t&[H[k NyD;onf? xkuwefawmfronf [k o'geuf&onf/ f d f l xdYk aMumifh t&[Hvl ewf jA[m ow0gtaygif;wkYd \ ylaZmftxl;ukd cHawmfrxuayaom jrwfpmbk&m;[k tzef l dk f G wvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyf\/ 2-olruwYdk onf[k qkvQifyif trSwrSd tvk;pkaom olruwYdk onf [laom teufu&vsuf Say\? dk f d f H H dk f dk d xkYd aMumifh pum;aMumrSnap&ef odv,ap&ef a,aupdyk'\ teufudk csefxm;onf/ f G f f
rSwfcsuf
1-trSd+&[qdwfuG,f&m=t-&[H-qdwu,&m rSawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;/ rsufarSmuf rsufu,f f G f d l G G tcsi;cyfor;? pifMu,fawmfraomaMumifh qdwu,&m raumif;rIudk yjcif; rSawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m; [k f d f l f G f d l G qkv\/ d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-2-3-taMumif; 3csufqi&m ygVd *gxmjzpfaomaMumifh qef;*kP;uki oifavsmfpm jyqkxm; dk f d f d hJ h G d onf/ xkd ygVdt& wdwususjyefvQif aSUtaMumif; 2csufEihf toGm;rnDyJ wrsK;jzpfom;rnf? xkYd aMumifh d S d G jrefrmjyef jrefrmpum; acsmarm ajyjypfjcif;ukd tav;y vk&if;t"dyg,fuom ,lvsuf acsmarmatmif jyefxm; d dk onf/ 4-omrOuk,wivnf; [l&m po'gonf ormrSepmvnf;odonf[k aygif;pnf;jcif;teufonf/ d f dk f f G dS xkYd aMumifh txufygtwki; jyefxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ #Dum omrEo,ar0uk,wiomvQif[k zGijhf yxm;jcif;onf d f d d f dk f omrH uk,wi[k qkvQifyif olwyg;xHrS enf;rcHyJ uk,wiomvQif[laom uefYowfjcif; teufudk &Ekiaom d f dk f d d f dk f d f aMumifif;? xkuefYowfjcif;teufjzifh olwyg;xHrS enf;rcHb;[laom teufudk azmfjy&ef vkvnf; vkaomaMumifh h d l d d if; {0jzifh jznfpu zGijhf yxm;jcif; jzpfayonf? po'g\ teufudk zGijhf yonf [lum; rxifrm;oif/ h G f S h xkYd aMumifyif oH0aPwAudk jy&m omrOmwd[k rjyyJ omrE[omvQif po'g rygyJ jyxm;ayonf/ h d l
rSwfcsuf
1-tbdan,stm;jzifh odawmfravNyD-[lonfum; tbdan,stjzpftm;jzifh odawmfravNyD? aS;tzkYd l l 0dyemynmjzifh &qJcP r*fynmjzifh aemuftzkYd oAwPf ponfjzifh odawmfravNyD? um;qkvaom k l d dk teufaywnf;/ rS aemuftyk'wYdk vnf; enf;yifwnf;/ (#Dum) d f 2-edAmefukd&nf ]]rsufarSmufyxkuaom (opdumwA) w&m;wkYd u}dk }[k rdeYf qawmfr\? A[k0pjf zifh nTejf y d f dk l k jcif;onfum; oOyg'daooedAmef tpSaom y&d,m,ftm;jzifNh yD;aom tuGtjym;ukd ,ljyxm;jcif;aywnf;/ d J wenf;tm;jzifh Si;jy&vQif pum;onf opmav;yg;w&m;wkYd udk tusOf;jyaom pum;aywnf;? tusO;jyjcif; f f [lonfrmvnf; rqk;jzwf&ao;aom teuf\ tykdif;tjcm;Sdaom (0g,if;\ teuftydi;tjcm;ukd rqk;jzwf& S H k f H ao;aom) w&m;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh jytyfayonf/ rSeay\tusOf; jypum;jzifh tusOf;jytyfueaom w&m;wkYd \ f f k f Sdonf\ tjzpfrQukd qktyfayonf? tyki;tjcm;ukd qktyfonfum; r[kway/ okYd jzpfaomaMumifh tydi;tjcm; d d f d f k f
189
rSaom A[k0pjf zifh qktyfayonf? ]]taMumif;rJw&m;wkYd ? tocFw}}w&m;wkYd [k a[maom tbd"rm rmwdum ygVd d k d h uJoYdk yifwnf;/ (#Dum) h
rSwfcsuf
1-,ckb0 puKyom'kyonf aS;b0u uHaMumifjh zpfonf? xkuonfvnf; xkuudk ypOfu Scaom f d H d H d hJ wPSmaMumifh ,ckb0kyemrf tusKd;w&m;wkYd udk jzpfapEkionf? xkYd aMumifh xkaS;b0u Scaom wPSmonf f d f d d hJ ,ckb0 jzpfay:vmaomtusKd; kyemrfwYdk \if;? xktusKd; kyemrfwYdk udk rSjzpfaom tjcm;kyemrfwYdk \if;? f d f D f rlv&if;taMumif; jzpfayonf/ xkYd aMumifh xkaS;b0u wPSmukd ]]taMumif;&if; tjzpfjzifh jzpfapwwfaom}}[k d qkxm;ayonf/ d
rSwfcsuf
1-wkYd uif; .... [laom uHy'wYdk udk ,SOaptyfue\yk'fESifh pyfyg/ dk k f f k f 2-O'Krmwupaom tokbur|mef; 10yg;yif jzpfonf/
rSwfcsuf
1-32yg;aom aum|mowkYd uif;? xkaum|moukd tmkH y jzpfaom psmefwYdk uif; ,l&ef #Dum dk d dk zGijhf y\/ 2-b0 9yg;[lonfrm umrb0 lyb0 tlyb0 onDb0 tonDb0 ae0onDemonDb0 {ua0g S um&b0 pwka0gum&b0 yOa0gum&b0wkYd jzpfonf/
rSwfcsuf
1-aS;b0a[mif;rsm;ukd jyefvnf atmufarhEif odEiaom ykaAed0goPf (1)? tqif;lygkH[lorQukd dk dk f jrifoEionfjh yif ow0gwkYd aoNyD;vQif uHtm;avsmpm b0opfwYdk jzpfyrsm;ukyg jrifoEiaom 'dApuKPf d dk f f G Hk d d dk f (2)? tmoa0g udavomwkYd udk ukeapEkiaom t&[wr*fPf[aom tmo0u,Pf (3) Pfx; ok;yg; f d f l l H ukd 0dZmPf ok;yg;[kac:onf/ twkdcsKyftm;jzifh yk'd tm[kac:onf/ H
rSwfcsuf
1-(1) 0dyemPf? (2) rdru,Eihf wxyfwnf; ykwjl zpfatmif zefqif;Ekiaom raemr,d'Pf (3) d dk f S H d f d taxGaxG trsKd;rsKd;wefc; zefqif;Ekiaom 'd0"Pf? (4) toH[orQukd Mum;Ekiaom 'dAaomw Pf? (5) kd d f d l d f olwyg;wkYd \ pdwtBuHudk odEiaom apawmy&d,Pf? (6) ykaAe0goPf? (7) 'dApuKPf? (8) f dk f d tmo0u,Pf Pfxl;Spfyg;ukd 0dZmPfSpfyg;[k ac:onf/ twkdcsKyftm;jzifh 0dr 'dapyk'dtm 0dZm Spyg;[k rSw&m\/ f f
rSwfcsuf
1-0gusonf ,xm wH 0dZmp&PoraEm[laom ygXfudk odv,atmif jyefqcsufjzpfonf/ G f dk twdtus jyefvQif 0dZmp&PESihf jynfpaom tjcm;yk*Kd vfonf (,SOapo) uJoYdk yifwnf;[k jzpfonf/ h Hk f h
190
rSwfcsuf
1-(1) rdru,udk ylyefyifyef;atmif usifaomolonf twEy yk*Kd vfrnf\? if;onf t0wfr0wfyJ d dk f h usijhf cif;? wtdrwnf;rS&aom xrif;ukompm;jcif;? wvkyrQompm;jcif;? w&ufjcm;pm;jcif;? ckepf&ufjcm;pm;jcif;? f d f opfo; opfurQuom pm;jcif;? rxkiyJ ravsmif;yJ &yfvsuom aejcif;? aqmifaMumifxivsuom aejcif;? D G f dk d f f h h dk f f waeYvQif 3Budrf a&pdrjf cif; tpSaom tusifrsm;jzifh olYu,udk yifyef;atmifusifonf/ (2) olwyg;ukd ylyef d h dk f h yifyef;atmif yusiaomolonf y&Eyyk*Kd vfrnf\/ if;onf qdwf ok; 0uf Muuf iSuf uRJ EGm; om;aumif hf d wkYd udk owfjcif;? ig;wkYd udk owfjcif;? olwyg;Opmukd ck;jcif; vk,jl cif;? olwyg;wkYd udk ESypufjcif; owfjcif;wkYd jzifh d d f olwyg;wkYd udk ylyefyifyef;atmif yusifonf/ (3) rdru,ua&m olwyg;wkYd ua&m ylyefyifyef;atmif yusifaom h d dk f dk dk h olonf twEy-y&Ey yk*Kd vfrnf\/ if;onf ol\ bmoma&; w&m;a&;t& rdru,wivnf; t0wftpm; d dk f dk f taetxkif qif;&Jatmifusifvsuf EGm; uRJ qdwf ok; jrif; ponfwYdk uvnf; owf ,ZfyaZmfjcif;ukd yonf/ d h d dk l jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfom0uwkYd onf xkd twEypaom yk*Kd vf 3rsKd;uJoYdk azmufjyef rSm;,Gi;pGm rusifMh u-[k G h h f qkv\/ d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-okwifw,faom + *w oGm;jcif; = ol*w wifw,faom oGm;jcif;Saom bk&m;? r*ipjf zm h h d f S wifw,faom trlt&mjzifh aumif;pGmoGm;jcif; Sawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;/ h d l G 2-okaumif;aom edAmefoYdk + *w<uoGm;awmfronf = ok*waumif;aomedAmefoYdk <uoGm;awmfraom l l jrwfpmbk&m;/ G
rSwfcsuf
1-c&D;oGm;aomolonf vGecNhJ yD;t&yfoYdk jyefjyefvmaevQif c&D;rwGi?f aumif;aom oGm;jcif;r[kw?f f rjyefvmyJ aSUokYd om wGiwiom;ygrS c&D;wGionf? aumif;aom oGm;jcif;[k qkoifayonf/ okYd aom jzpfyudk f G f G f d h Hk &nf pGeYf y,fNyD; udavomrsm;okYd jyefrvmawmhyJ oGm;jcif;ukd aumif;aom oGm;jcif;[k qkayonf/ d wkiatmif t&d,r*fjzifh aumif;pGmoGm;jcif;ukd jyonf/ rS aemuf aS;tzkYd tusifjh zifh aumif;pGmoGm;jcif;ukd d f jyonf/
rSwfcsuf
1-wkiatmif aS;tzkYd ormy#dywfjzifh aumif;pGm oGm;jcif;ukd jyonf/ d f 2-okaumif;pGm + *woGm;onf = ok*w aemufoYdk rjyefyJ t&d,r*fjzifh aumif;pGm<uoGm;awmfraom l jrwfpmbk&m;? 0g'DyuF&mbk&m;\ ajcawmf&if;rS aAm"dr@dKifusatmif ormy#dywfjzifh aumif;pGm <uoGm;awmf G rlaom jrwfpmbk&m;/ G 3-okaumif;pGm + *' rS *w >rufqonf = ok*waumif;aom pum;ukd aumif;pGm>rufqawmf dk dk rlwwfayaom jrwfpmbk&m;/ G 4-pum; 6rsKd;wdYk wif trSwf (1) pum;onf oDvSoudk 'kv[k qkaompum; trsKd;jrwfoudk G d l D d l 'Ge;p@m;[k qkaom pum;rsK;yif jzpfonf/ f d d
rSwfcsuf
1-trSwf (2) pum;onf 'kvukd 'kv[k qkaompum;? 'Ge;p@m;ukd 'Ge;p@m;[k qkaompum;? D D d f f d tuef;ukd tuef;[k tusKd;ukd tusKd;[k qkaom pum;rsKd;yif jzpfonf/ d
191
2-trSwf (3) pum;onf tSia'0'wfudk tmyg,dutyg,fusrnfo?l ae&,dui&Jusrnfol ponf f h h jzifh trSeudk jy owdoa0*&aprnfh pum;rsKd;yif jzpfonf/ xkpum;rsKd;onfum; a'0'wfEihf taygif;yg f H d S ponfwYdku ruduaomfvnf; Mum;em&ol trsm;wkYd tm; oHCab'u tukovrS MuOfaSmifjcif;ponfjzifh tusKd; f dk f rsm;apEkiaomaMumifh ajymoifaomtcg jrwfpmbk&m;u ajymMum;awmfray\/ tjypfoudk tjypfaMumif; d f h G l dS l dS Mo0g' ay;onftaejzifh ajymqkaom pum;onfvnf; trSwf (3) pum; ouf0if\/ h d 3-trSwf (4) pum;onf ,ZfyaZmfjcif;jzifh tukovf tjypfuif;onf? ewfjynfoYdk a&mufaponf l dk ponfjzifh jyqkaom bmoma&;pum; '@m&D0wKpum;rsK;yif jzpfonf/ d d
rSwfcsuf
1-trSwf (5) pum;onf trIrejf zifh *k;wkuaompum; [kwreaom wd&pmeuxmpum; vmbfvmb S H d f f S f ukajrmf 'um 'umrwkYd tm; ajrmufyifajymaom pum;rsK;yif jzpfonf/ d h d 2-trSwf (6) pum;onf oifavsmfaomt&mXme oifavsmfaomtcg a[mMum;aom 'geuxm h h oDvuxm paom pum;rsKd; avmutusKd;pD;yGg;ESihf pyfaom pum;rsKd;jzpfonf/ 3-avmuavmuuk+0d'odawmfronf=avmu0d'avmuukd odawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;/ d l l l l G
rSwfcsuf
1-rpkaw uyfa&muf rjzpf[aom 2yk'jf zifh tqufquf raojcif; rjzpfjcif;ukd jyonf[k l t|uxm #DumwkYd qk\/ Oyygwftjzpfjzifh raojcif; rjzpfjcif;ukd jyonf[k aupd q&mwkYd u qkonf[k #Dum d d jy\? xkaupd0g' oifouJoYdk Say\/ d h h d 2-avmuukd [lonfum; 'kuopmukd ........ tusifhukd [lonfum; r*opmukd/ pum;jzifh ]]tcsif; a&m[dw igonf opmav;yg;wkYd udk jrufopfom; ponfwYdk ynwfa[mMum;onf r[kway? r[mbkwf f av;yg;ukd rSaom ow0g\ uk,xomvQif ynwfa[mMum;ayonf}}[k jyawmfr\/ (oH| y109? tH| D d f J l 'k305)
rSwfcsuf
1-avmueda&m"ukd [lonfum; xkocFg&avmu\ csKyfjcif;uk?d wenf;um; csKyf&m edAmefuomvQi[k d dk f (qkv\)/ (#Dum) d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-ow0gwkYd onf[laom pum;onf yk*Kd vfudk wnf&my ow0g[k ac:aom kyemrfocFg&wkYd uyif f dk qkvonf/ d dk 2-aÈwYkdEihf pyfaom oufSdcEm aÈwkdYESifh rpyfaom oufrJh cEm 2-rsKd;vk;wkYd udk ocFg&avmu [k k S H ac:onf/ (#Dum) 3-rdpm t,laom olwYdk tm; ow ponf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh tw [lif; avmu [lif; BuHq dS f jcif;onf ow0gvQif wnf&m S\? ocFg&w&m;vQif wnf&m Sonf r[kway? xkYd aMumifh ]]avmuonf NrJ\ dS d d f [lif;/y/ odtyf\}}[k qkayonf/ (#Dum) toufiaeaom taumif[k pGvrf;tyfaom ow0gukyif d S f J d owavmu[k ac:onf/
192
4-vaekwYkd xGe;vif;&m t&yfudk pMu0Vmavmuwck? xkoYdkaom avmuwaxmifudk jA[m\ ykieuf f d d f avmu"mwfwck[k qkv\/ ta&miftvif;Saom aeomvQif vk&if;jzpfonf? vukum; trsm;\ ajymk; d dk d d d d qkpOft& xnfoi;a[mMum;onf[k ,l&m\/ d h G f
rSwfcsuf
1-emewum, emewonD (1) emewum, {uwonD (2) {uwum, emewonD (3) {uwum, {uwonD (4) tmumomeOm,weonD (5) 0dnmPOm,weonD (6) tmudOnm,weonD (7) 7yg;ukd 0dnmP|dwd 7yg;[k ac:onf? if;wkYd \ teuft"dyg,fudk 0do'r*f jrefrmjyef pwkwwJG ytBudruf ESm 1456 k d f kd atmufajc rSwcsufwYdk Munfyg/ pmyk'trSwf 637ESihf qki\/ f h d f d f
rSwfcsuf
1-0dnmP|dwd (7) yg;xJ tonowm0goESihf ae0onm owm0gowkYd udk xnfvuvQif owm0go h dk f 9yg; jzpfonf/ 2-pdw\ ude;0yf&mukd tmo,[k ac:onf? owt,l tavhtvmrsm;aom olonf &Hcg Oap' f f t,lorm'd|d t,lwYdk udk vufcaomfvnf; rdr\ owt,loYdk omvQif jyefa&mufaewwf\/ Oap't,l H d tavhtvmrsm;aom olonfvnf; xkYd twlyif Oap't,loYdk omvQif jyefa&mufaewwf\/ xkYd aMumifh ow 'd|Eihf Oap''d|-[laom 2yg;onf 0#fudk rSaom ykxZOfwYdk \ pdw"mwf ude;&m tmo,jzpfonf/ 0dyem d S d D k f f PfEihf ,xmblwPf ac:aom r*fPfonfum; 0#fuif;&mukd rSaom yk*Kd vfjrwfwYdk \ pdw"mwfue;&m S D f d f tmo,aywnf;/ tmo, 4yg;ukd tmo,[k qkdonf/ 3-taMumif;nDnwaomtcg jzpfay:Ekiaom umr&m* y#dC rme 'd|d 0dpupm b0&m* t0dZm[laom G f d f d d udavom (7) yg;ukd tEko, ac:onf/
rSwfcsuf
1-pkuf [lonfrm okpkuf 'kpuyif jzpfonf? wenf;um; &m* a'go arm[ o'g Ak'd 0dwuf[aom d S d dk f l pkuf 6yg;yif jzpfonf/ (#Dum) d 2-t"drw[onfrm pdwae pdwxm; tvktZmo,yif jzpfonf/ wcsKdUu ,kwnaom pdwae pdwxm; k d l S f f d f hH f f Sonf? if;ukd [em"drwd yk*Kd vf ac:onf/ wcsKdYu jrifjh rwfaom pdwae pdwxm;Sonf? if;ukd yPDwm"d rkwd d k f f d yk*dK vf ac:onf/
rSwfcsuf
1-odyq&mwkYd tqktm;jzifh yvlwac:aom *d[onfaerS ta0;qk; jzpfonf? 1pueYf vQif 3-rkif H d dk f H d oGm;onf? 248-ESprm aeukd wywf ywfronf? if;*d[onf aerS 3675000000rkif a0;onf[k qk\? f S d f d d xktuGmta0;\ 2jyef qkvQifyif rkiaygif; 7350000000jzpfonf? if;rSm xkyvlwdk *d[\ vrf;aMumif;rQom d d d f d f Sao;onf/ aepMu0Vm\ tus,ft0ef;um; xkYd xufyif us,fonf[k qkz,ao;\/ ES;aESm csifcsdeMf unf&ef d d G f dS D h h azmfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ 2-odyq&mwkYd \ tvktm;jzifh urmajrBuD;onf tjym;r[kw?f tvk; jzpfonf? if;\ tcsif;rSm 7918 H d H rkirQom Sonf? vk;ywfrmvnf; 23754-rkirQom Sonf[k qkMd uonf/ ,ckacwf av,mOfjzifif; tmumo d f d H S d f d h ,mOfjzifif; urmajrBuD;ukd tBudrBf udrf vSnywfaeMuonfjh yif ajrBuD;ukd "mwfyrsm;vnf; kujf yxm;aomaMumifh h hf Hk d if;wkYd tqkudk jiif;y,f&ef cJ,Of;\/ d
193
rSwfcsuf
1-,ckacwf ork'&mukd wki;xGmolwYdk u teufq;ae&mrSm 5rkiausmfom Sonf[k qkMd u\/ d f Hk d f d xkYd aMumifh qkxm;aom ,lZemukd tb,foYdk aom ,lZemenf;[k pOf;pm;zG,f S\/ d d
rSwfcsuf
1-ukeaom .... [laom 0daooeyk'rsm;ukd awmifBuD;wkYd onf yk'Eipyfyg/ f f f S hf 2-,ckacwf [dr0Emawmifukd wki;wmaom olwYdk uif;? awmifxyta&muf wufEiaom olwYdk uif;? d f d f dk f 5rkiausmf rQomjrifonf[k qkMd u\/ xkYd aMumifh jyxm;aom ,lZemESihf aS;u wki;wmykudk pOf;pm;zG,\/ d f h d f H f dS 3-e*0S,m-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? e*onf roGm;wwfaom opfyif[k teuf\? kuopfyif[lonf f dS ESitwlwyif? t0S,-trnf? emrESihf twlwyif? ygVd*gxmyg' tu&mSpv;jynfatmif qkxm;jcif;rQom hf l l f Hk h d jzpfonf? teuft"dyg,f txl;um; rSay/ d
rSwfcsuf
1-ZrKoajyyifBuD;onf tb,ft&yf wnfaeoenf; [lrl [dr0EyAaw Zmwm uy|m,de dS D [laom t*Fw&t|uxm (yESm 377) tqkt&tm;jzifh [dr0Emawmifay: wnfaeonf wurmywfv; k d dS Hk wnfaeonf[k qk&ayvdrrnf/ xkYd jyif om&w'yeD#um (yESm 259)rl ]]xkoajyyifBuD;\ab;okYd xGuaom d hf D D d f wckwckaom uki;BuD;rsm;onf ,lZemig;q,fpD SMd uonf[if;? xkui;BuD;wkYd r[Em r[Em e'da,m oEEd d f l d dk f BuD;pGm BuD;pGmukeaom jrpfBuD;rsm; pD;aeMuonf}}[lif; jyqkxm;csuf Sao;\/ f d d 2-xdryif ya'omyif ukuKd yifBuD;rsm;\ wnfae&mukd azmfjyaom usr;pm rxifm;ay/ f f S
rSwfcsuf
1-odyq&mwkYd \ tqkt& urmajrBuD;rSm tvk;jzpf uJoYdk pMu0Vmawmif rS?d S&efvnf;vkrnf H d H h d d r[kway/ f 2-odyq&mwkYd url v\ tcsif;onf rkif 2000-cefY? vk;ywfonf rkif 6000cefY Sonf[if;? H d H d d l urmajrBuD;rS rkiaygif; 240000cefY a0;aom aumif;uifywfvrf; urmajrBuD;ukd vSnywfaeonf [lif; d f hf qkMd u\/ 3-odyq&mwkYd url aeonf tcsif;tm;jzifh 864393rkicefY Sonf[if;? tav;csdetm;jzifh urm H d f d l f ajrBuD;rsK; 329000\ tav;csdeEihf nDrQonf[if;? urmajrrS rkiaygif; 92897000cefY a0;onf d f S l d f [l4if; qkMd u\/
rSwfcsuf
1-taomu ausmufpmwkYd jynfe;csi;EkiiwYdkudk azmfjyxm;aomaMumifif;? oD&"rmaomurif;BuD;onf D f d f H h d ZrL'dywuRef;vk;ukd tpk;&onf[k t|uxmwkYd qkaomaMumifif; 'DCedum,f r[ma*g0dEow ZrL'dyuRef; f H d d h k f f ajrykudk ajrmufzuf us,f awmifzuf vSn;OD;oPmef Sonf[k qkaomaMumifif; ZrL'dyuRef; [lonfrm H f d d h f S tdE,EkiiyifjzpfaMumif; odtyfayonf/ d d f H
194
2-,ckacwf uRe;i,fwYdkonf ig;&mpDomruyJ tvGersm;aeonf[k qkMd u\? tif'e;Sm; wEkiiH f f dk D d f wnf;rSmyif uRef;aygif;ok;axmifausmf Sonf[k qk\/ xdYk aMumifh qkxm;aom uRef;i,f ig;&mpDrm oD[Vf H d d d S dk uRef;uJoYdk vlaeuRef;i,frsm;ukom qkonf[if;? urmOD;u wnfaeykuom qkonf[if; ,lvQif h d d l dS H dk d l oif&m\/ h 3-vifyef;BuD;ok;ckupyf csxm;vQif if;wdYk \ tMum;t&yfuoYdk pMu0Vm ok;ck pyf&m tMum;t&yfwYdk H dk hJ H avmuE&ui&Jrsm; wnfaeMuonf? xki&Jrsm; vaewkYd \ tvif;a&mifrS?d tarSmiftwdjzpf\/ xki&J d f dS d d usa&mufaeaom ow0gwkYd onf pMu0Vme,fowf awmifurf;yg;&H vif;EkYd rsm;uJoYdk Gwm;vsufom;aeMu\? h G G G wOD;ESihf wOD; xdyg; awGUMuaomtcg tpm[k,q zrf;,lowfjzwfMu\? xkoYdk tcsif;csif;zrf;,l owfjzwf l d Muaomtcg wG,uyf&m awmifurf;yg;&HrS ywfusum urmajr\ atmufca&xJoYdk usavuke\? usvQif tvGef f H f cg;pyfaoma&xJ rkeYf nufrsm;uJoYdk t&nfaysmfom;Muav\? uHrukeao;vQif awmifurf;yg;&H wzefa&mufaeMu h G f jyef\/ tb,foYdk aom uHaMumifh xki&J jzpf&oenf; [lrtrdtbw&m; apmifaom &[ef;oljrwfwYdk tm; d l h Murf;uwfaom jypfrm;rI aeYpOf &ufpufpm owfjzwfEypufrI tukovursm;aMumifh xki&J jzpfMu&onf [l\/ S G dS f dk f H d ('DCedum, r[m0*t|uxm ESm-26) aepMu0Vm ok;av;ck\ tMum;ukvnf; avmuE&u[k qkEi\/ H d d f d dk f t&m txl;owdyzG,rmurmajrBuD; ponfEihf pMu0Vm wnfaeykH tao;pdwjf yqkcsursm;ukd f S S d f ygVdawmfusrf;*efwYdk rawGU&ay/ tdE,Edii a&;om;pD&ifonf[k ,lqtyfaom 0drwr*fusrf;wGivnf; d k f H k d f avmu0d'l *kPawmftzGi xkoYdk aomjyqkcsuf rSay/ f hf d d d
rSwfcsuf
1-0gusonf ed*;csKyfpum;jzpfonf? xkYd aMumifh aS;0gusESihf xyfwjl zpfaeonf[k rxifrwtyfay/ Hk S f 2-omvGe xl;jrwfol rS[aom pum;&yf omvGe [laom pum;ukd qkjd cif;onf tEkw&vGeuJ f d l f f xl;jrwfol rS-[laomyk'\ teufzihf jzpfaomaMumifaywnf;? xl;kom xl;jrwfaomolaomaMumifh qkjd cif;um; d f G h H dS r[kway? rSeay\? ewfrsm;ESiwuGaom avmu jrwfpmbk&m;ESihf o'douy-wlve; yk*Kd vfaomfvnf; f f hf G k D wpkwa,mufrQ rSacs? wlaomol tb,frm Stenf;? xl;jrwfol rSonf qkz,yif rSay/ (#D) H d S d hH d d G f d 3-terS+Ow&vGeux;jrwfo=tEkw&vGeuJ xl;jrwforSd tjrwfq; jzpfawmfrayaom jrwfpm d f J l l f l Hk l G bk&m;/
rSwfcsuf
1-&[ef;wkYd tajcrSd ow0grsm; tajc ESpacsmif;Sd ow0grsm; tajcav;acsmif;Sd ow0grsm; tajcrsm; f aom ow0grsm; kyow0grsm; kyrow0grsm; onmSow0grsm; onmrJow0grsm; onmMurf;rSr f dS f hJ d h d l onmEk ruif;aom ow0grsm;wkYd onf tMuifrQavmufue\? xkorQ ow0gwkYd xuf t&[HormorK' dS k f d dS jzpfaom jrwfpmbk&m;ukd tjrwfq;[k qktyfay\/ &[ef;wkYd tMuifowYdkonf Ak'j rwfpmbk&m; Munfue\? G Hk d l G dk k f xkowYdk onf tjrwfq; Munfonf rnfue\/ tjrwfq; Munfaom olwYdk tm; tjrwfq; tusKd;onf d l Hk dk k f Hk dk Hk jzpfyg;av\tjrwfq;tusKd;ukd &av\/ (t*yom'okw) G Hk f
rSwfcsuf
1-yk&oa,musfm; (yk*Kd vf)+'r qk;rxkuonf + om&xd oGm;apwwfonf - armif;ESiwwfonf d H d f f ,Ofaus;apwwfonf - qk;rwwfonf = yk&o'rom&xd - qk;rxkuaom a,musfm;wkYd udk oGm;apwwf H d H d f qk;rwwfaom jrwfpmbk&m;/ H G 2-tyvmvonf [dr0Emaeaom e ;wnf;? plaVm'&ESihf ra[m'&wkYd onf em*'DyuRe;aeMuaom *g;rif f e*g;rif;wkYd wnf;? t*docESi"rodcwkYd onf oD[VuRef;aeMuaom e*g;wkYd wnf;/ (#Dum) t&0gVe*g;rif;um; d d hf l dk f uoD& *Em& aeaMumif; 0denf; t|uxm y48ESm jyqkxm;onf/ d
195
rSwfcsuf
1-okpkduf\ tusK;ukjd y qk;rjcif;onf tEkenf;jzifh qk;rjcif; rnfaMumif;? 'kpu\ tjypfujdk y d H H dk f qk;rjcif;onf tMurf;enf;jzifh qk;rjcif; rnfaMumif; ponfudk xkow a[mjyxm;onf/ H H d k f
rSwfcsuf
1-qk;rxkuaom yk*Kd vfwYdk tm; nTeMf um; oGeoifyjhJ yif qk;rwwfaom yk*Kd vfwYdk wif tjrwfq; H d f f H G Hk taumif;qk; jzpfawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;[k qkv\/ H l G d dk 2-jrif;q&mu oifjyavhusihf ay;xm;aom jrif;onfvnf; armif;ESivQif wckaom t&yfoYdkomvQif ajy; f oGm;aMumif;udk jyNyD;vQif (1) twGi;ky tqif;uokP; psmef (2) tjyify tqif;uokP; psmef (3) okbpsmef f f d f d f (47) tlypsmef 4-yg;wkYd Eihf (8) eda&m"ormywf [laom Spyg;aom t&yfoYdk wxkiwnf;jzifh a&mufEiatmif S f d f dk f jrwfpmbk&m;u oGeoif nTejf yqk;rEkiaomaMumifh jrwfpmbk&m;onf tEkwa&m yk&o'rom&xd rnfaMumif; G f H d f G d xkow jyqkxm;onf/ d k f d
rSwfcsuf
1-tEkomowd-qk;rnTeMf um;\-[laom Bud,myk'onf uH 2-yk'oifaom Bud,mjzpfaomaMumifh H f f dS h nTeMf um;tyfaom tusKd;pD;yGg;wkYd onfvnf; uH jzpfoifay\? okYd aomfvnf; y&raw[[k ukP;0dbwfjzifh h d d f qkxm;aomaMumifif; #Dumvnf; 0pew zGijhf yNyD;vQif aw[d-[l ukP;0dbwfjzifyif jyxm;aomaMumifif; d h d f h h o'g[lonfrmvnf; qkaomol\ tvktm;avsmfpmvnf; jzpfEiaomaMumifif; ygVd&if;twki; ukP; S d d G dk f h dS d f d f teufom jyefxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ 2-tvktm;jzifh owm a'0rEkeH ewfvwYdk \ q&mjzpfawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m; [laom teufudk d l l G odtyf\/ 3-tvktm;jzifh owm a'0rEkme-ewfvwYdk \ vSn;r;acgif;aqmifEiwpm d l f S hf l G acgif;aqmifBuD; jzpfawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m; [laom teufudk odtyf\/ l G c&D;Tef OD;pD;
rSwfcsuf
1-0darmu-vGwajrmufaom t&[wr*fPf? 0darmuE-t&[wr*fPf\ tqk;jzpfaom t&[w f H zkvPf? 0darmuEu-0darmuE rnfaom t&[wzvoYdk a&mufonfEiwydieuf jynfpom;aom oAw d f d dk f S hf f h Hk G k Pf tpSaom Ak'Pfawmftvk;pk?H oAwPfawmf tpSaom xkb&m;Pfawmfrsm;\ tpGr;jzifh odoifh d H k d d k f odxuaom a,s"Hw&m; tvk;pkudk odawmfronf[k qkv\/ dk f H H l d dk 2-ormorK'-yk'jf zifh tusOf;tm;jzifif;? tus,ftm;jzifif; jrwfpmbk&m;\ opmav;yg;ukd xk;xGi; h h G d f odjcif; bk&m;tjzpfoYdk a&mufawmfrjl cif;ukd jy\? Ak'-yk'jf zifrl xkd opmav;yg;rSm tjcm;wyg;aom a,s"H h w&m;ukvnf; odjcif;ukd jy\/ wenf;um; ormorK'-yk'jf zifh jrwfpmbk&m;\ y#da0"PftpGr;ukd jy\? Ak'd G f yk'jf zifh (jrwfpmbk&m;\) a'oemPf tpGr;ukvnf; jy\/ (#Dum) G f d
rSwfcsuf
1-tvk;pkudk odawmfraom (oAjl zpfaom)aMumifh Ak'rnfawmfr\? tvk;pkudk jrifawmfraom H H l l H H l (oA'm0D jzpfaom)aMumifh Ak' rnfawmfr\? olwyg;wkYd u rodaptyfyJ uk,awmfwiomvQif odawmfraom l d f dk f l aMumifh Ak' rnfawmfr\ ponfjzifh eda'o jyxm;aom taMumif;rsm;ukd pum;jzifh &nfne;onf/ l T f
196
2-eda'oygVdEihf y#dor'gr*fygVdonf ( Ak'-yk'tzGi) xyfwjl zpfaeaomaMumifh wckcu,&ef S d f hf k dk l ted,r teufaom 0go'g (jzpfap-[laompum;)jzifh jyxm;onf/ (#Dum) dS 3-txufyg rSwcsuf (1) jycJaomtaMumif; ponfyif/ r[meda'o 363 S\/ f h d 4- jrwfpmbk&m;\ .... trnfaywnf;-[k pyfyg/ G
rSwfcsuf
1-tav;ytyfaom q&mBuD;ukd jAm[PwkYd u *k-[k ac:onf? b*0g-b*0rf [lvnf; ac:onf? k ae-vwkYd uvnf; b*0g-b*0rf[k ac:onf? iSursm;u *VKefrif;ukd b*0g-b*0rf[k ac:onfh taetm;jzifh dk f vnf; jyqkonf/ xkenf;twlyif jrwfpmbk&m;ukd tav;yaomtm;jzifh b*0g ac:onf-[k qkvay\/ xkdtvkd d d G d dk tm;jzifh b*0g-tav;ytyfaom tSijf rwfBuD;[k qkvay\/ d dk 2-b*0g[laom trnfu txl;ojzifh csD;rGr;tyf jrifjh rwfaom yk*Kd vfudk a[maomaMumifh xktrnf f d ukvnf; txl;ojzifh csD;rGr;tyfonf[k qkayonf/ jrwfvay\-[l&mvnf; enf;wlyif/ d f d S
rSwfcsuf
1-0p 'r AvdA'-[laom trnfwYdk onf i,fpOf tckutwefY xrf;yk;usifavmufpOf tckutwefY 0ef; d f d h d f Hk aepOf tckutwefYwYdk udk pG ac:aom trnfrsm; jzpfaomaMumifh 4if;wkYd udk tm0wdutrnf[k qkonf/ oli,f d f J d vlysKd tzk;BuD; tpSaom trnfrsm;onfvnf; tm0wdu trnfrsm;yif/ d d 2-'@D tpSaom trnfrsm;onf xifm;awGUjrif&aom 'kwpaom toGiudk pG ac:&aomaMumifh d S f f J if;wkYd udk vd*u trnf[k qkonf/ acgif;aygif;ESivl pdyyw;ESihf tzGm;BuD;tpSaom trnfrsm;vnf; vd*u d hf f k D d trnfrsm;yif/ 3-ausmif;q&m q&m0ef ynmSd pma&;q&m tpSaom trnfrsm;vnf; *kPtaMumif;edrwudk pG ac:& d f d f J aomaMumifh aerdwu trnfrsm;yif jzpfonf/ d
rSwfcsuf
1-od&d0ku "e0ku ykPtpSaom trnfrsm;onf [kaS;acwfu uRef\trnfrsm; jzpfonf/ xktrnf d d d wkYd \ teufonf aumif;jrwfaomfvnf; xkuRersm;onfum; usuoa&ukd yGg;apjcif;paom teufEiavsmpm d f f S hf f G rjzpfMuuke/ xkoYdk teufEirqDavsmfyJ ac:a0:krQom jzpfaomaMumifh t"dporkyE trnf[qayonf/ f d S hf H k dk taMumif;ukd riJyJ taMumif;rJh ac:a0:aom trnf[k qkv\? ,ckumv t&yfyaom oludk armifn[ac:aom h d dk k S f k trnfuoYdk yif/ ,'dpu trnf [lonfrmvnf; tvkwi; ac:vk&m ac:xm;aom trnf[k qkvay\/ hJ S d dS dk f d d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-b*bke;awmf 6yg; + -Sonf = b*D-bkef;awmf 6yg;Sawmfraom jrwfpmbk&m;/ b*0EK f d d l G b*0gyk'Eihf t&wlyifjzpfonf/ xkoYdk yk'Eihf ypn;teuf t&wljzpfaMumif; odEi&eftwGuf b*D-[laom f S d f S f dk f ygVd&if;ukyg azmfjyxm;onf/ d 2-rS0jJ cif;teufudk a[maom bZ-"mwfaemif w0EK-ypn;jzifh bw0EK-bw0g-[k NyD;onf? if;rS D f wzef w-ukd *y b*0g[k NyD;onf/ xkoYdk kyNf yD;ykuyg odEi&ef bZD-[laom ygVd&if;ukyg azmfjyxm;onf/ d H dk dk f d
197
rSwfcsuf
1-bm*tzkdY + Sdonf = bm*D-tzkYd onf/ xkYd twlyif bm*0EK-bm*0g-yk'onfvnf; tzkYd onf dS f dS [laom teufudk a[mjy\/ xkd bm*0grS tmukd &y b*0g[k NyD;onf/ 2-0dbw0gESihf bw0g teuftwlwyif? xkd bw0g-rS b*0g-[k jzpfvmonf/ l 3-b*-zsujf cif;uk+uw0g-yavNyD=b*uw0g-zsujf cif;ukd yNyD;aom bk&m;-[k jzpfonf? if;rSwzef d *-wvk;ESihf uwukd acszsuf b*0g-[k NyD;onf/ wenf; bE"mwfaemif w0EKypn;jzifh b*0EK- b*0g-[k H f jzpfonf? if;rS wzef *-wvk;ukacs b*0g-[k NyD;onf/ H d 4-tav;ytyfaomaMumifh b*0g-[k ac:aMumif; aS; jycJNh yD/ 5-bm*s-bke;uH+0EK-Sonf=bm*s0EK-bm*s0g-bke;uHawmfEihf jynfpaombk&m;? if;bm*s0g tmukd f d f S h Hk &y *s ,ukdacs b*0g[k NyD;onf/
rSwfcsuf
1-bm0dw0EK-bm0dw0g-yGg;apNyD;aombk&m;/ if; bm0dw0g-rS b*0g-[k edwenf;jzifh tm-ukd k d &y? 0d-ukd acs? wukd *y NyD;onf/ 2-b0Eb0\ tqk;edAmefoYdk +*a&mufonf=b0E*b0\tqk; edAmefoYdk a&mufawmfraombk&m;/ xkd H H l b0E*-rS 0EESifh *-ukd aSUaemufjyef b*0E-b*0g-[k NyD;onf/ 3-txuf jyefxm;aom teufonf eda'oESitnD tusOf;csKyfjyefxm;aomteuf jzpfonf/ tjynftpkH hf h odvvQif r[meda'o ESm 162- Munfhyg/ dk
rSwfcsuf
1-,laomfif; .... b*0g[k ac:qkdtyfayonf [l odtyfay\-[k pyfyg/ 2-ESm 136-rSwcsuf (5)ESihf wl\/ f
rSwfcsuf
1- wkdifatmif 4-yk'jf zifh wyg;pDaom udavomwkYd udk jyonf/ 2- t[d&du-rS t0dZmwkiatmif 2-ckwJG wpkH wpkaom udavomwkYd udk jyonf/ d f H 3-oHuavo-npfEr;aMumif; 3-yg; [lonfrSm wPSm 'd|d 'kpkduf- okH;yg;yif/ d G f 4-rv 3-yg;[lonfrm &m* a'go arm[- okH;yg;yif/ 0dor 3-yg;vnf; &m* a'go arm[wkYd yif/ S 5-onm 3-yg; [lonfrm umronm Asmyg'onm 0d[o onmwdYk yifwnf;/ S 6-yyO-csUJ wwfaomw&m;? ,if; 3-yg;rSm wPSm 'd|d rmewkYd yif jzpfonf/ 7-0dyvmo 4-yg; ponfwYdk \ okyudk 0do'r*f-jrefrmjyef pwkw wGEm 464-465-wkYd Munfyg? f k d J S h pmyk'eygwf (829) ESiqi\/ d f H hf dk f
198
rSwfcsuf
1-ouFe; qGr; ausmif;wkYd udk taMumif;y wPSmjzpfjcif; 3-yg;? wd b0gb0-taxGaxGudk f f taMumif;y wPSmjzpfjcif; 1-yg; 4-yg;ukd wPIyg'[k ac:onf/ 2-apawmcdv pdw\ ajimifig;yg;? if;wkYd rm bk&m; w&m; oHCm tusifoum ,krm;jcif; 4-yg;ESihf f h S h d H S oDwif;ok;azmfwYdk trsufxujf cif;yif jzpfonf/ H G 3-apawm0deAE-pdw\ taESmiftzGUJ ig;yg;? if;wkYd rm umr*kP wyfpaejcif;? rdru, wyfpaejcif;? d f S f JG d dk f JG tjyifyky wyfpaejcif;? tvkwi; pm; tdypufcsrf;om eHyg;apmif; ajymif;tdycsrf;om ikursOf;csrf;omwkYd udk f JG d dS dk f f f d f cHpm;aejcif;? ewfb0ukd awmifw usifjh cif;/ ig;yg;yif jzpfonf/ h 4-tbdeEeig;yg; [lonfrm lygkpaom tmkig;yg;wkYd ESpoufaysmfarGUaejcif; ig;yg;yif/ S H H f 5-0d0g'rlv-jiif;ckjH cif;\ taMumif;&if; 6-yg;? if;wkYd rm aum" Oyem[ wpk?H ru yVmo wpk?H S m rp&, wpk?H omaX,s rm,m wpk?H ygydpm ,kwrmaomtvkd rdpm'd|d wpk?H oEd|y&mrmo-rdrt,ludk d f d d rSm;,Gi;pGm ok;oyfjcif; tm"me*g[-NrJNrHpm qkyuixm;jcif; 'ky#ed*-rpGeYf vwEijf cif;? 3-yg;wGJ wpk?H f H G f dk f d T f dk 6-pkwYdk yif jzpfonf/ H 6-wPSmum,-wPSmtaygif; 6-yg; [lonfrSm lygkHpaom tmkH 6-yg;wkYd jzpfaom wPSm 6rsK;yifwnf;/ d
rSwfcsuf
1-rdpw Spyg;ukd 0do'r*f-jrefrmjyef pwkwwJG ESm 462- Munfyg? pmyk'eygwf (829)ESihf qki\/ f k d h d f H d f 2-wPSmukd pGr Smonf? Smjcif;aMumif&onf? &jcif;aMumifh ighbYkd olUbkYd ponfjzifh qk;jzwfonf? J DS h H qk;jzwfjcif;aMumifh qE&m*-ESpoufwyfpjJG cif; jzpfonf? qE&m*aMumifh taZmome-igh[m[k vTr;rk; tqk; H f f d H owfjcif; jzpf\? if;ukd pGr odr;qnf;&\? if;ukd pGr rp&, jzpf\? rp&,ukd pGr apmifaSmuf&\? J DS f J DS d d J DS h apmifaSmuf&jcif;aMumifh 'kwf "m; ukijf cif; jiif;ckjH cif; ponfwYdk jzpfue\? onfum; wPSm t&if;cHaom h d k f dS w&m; 9-yg;aywnf;/ 3-rdpm'd|d 62-yg;ukd okwovuef ygVdawmf jA[Zmvokw Munfyg/ f D f h 4-wPSm0dpkduf 108-yg;ukd tbd"rm 0dbif;usrf; ESm 406-ponf Munfyg/ h 5-avmb tjym;Sueaom a'go tjym;Sueaom ponfjzify'wi;ESihf ,SO ,l&ef #Dum zGijhf y d k f d k f h k f dk f f xm;onf/ 6-owo[med-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? ocsFmrsKd;ukd taeuocsFm [l ac:onf? rsm;jym;onfuom f dk odapvk&if; Sonf? wode;wdw[k qkvonfum; r[kway? aeukd ow&Ho-a&mifjcnfw&m Sonf/ o[ d d f d d dk f d d awaZm-tylewaxmif Sonf[k qkouJoYdk yif/ xkd pum;wkYd vnf; ae a&mifjcnf tylersm;jym;onfuom dS f d d h dS f dk odapvk\? w&mwdwd waxmifwwd [lum; rqkvay/ d d d dk
199
rSwfcsuf
1-bE+w0EK-rS b*0EK-b*0g-[k NyD;ap if;rS *-wvH;udk acs b*0g-[k NyD;aptyf\/ wenf;um; b*k zsuq;jcif;+0EK-Sonf=b*0EK-udavomwkdYudk zsufqD;jcif;Sdonf/ if;rS * f D d -wvH;udk acs b*0EK-b0*g-[k k NyD;aptyf\/
rSwfcsuf
1-bke;uHawmfEihf jynfpjHk cif;jzifh .... .... lyum,\ jynfpjHk cif;ukd jy (tyf)ay\-[k pyfyg/ qkdvonfrm f S h h dk S b*s0g-rS jzpfvmaom b*0gyk'jf zifh jrwfpmbk&m;rSm txGwtxdyf bke;uHawmfEihf jynfpaMumif;ukd wkuujf y\ G f f S h Hk d f dk odap\? xkoYdk bke;uHawmfEihf jynfpvQif xk\tusKd;jzpfaom kyvuPmawmfonfvnf; jynfponf[k d f S Hk d f h Hk odEiay\? xkoYdk odapEkijf cif;ukyif bm*s0wmbke;uHEihf jynfpjHk cif;jzifh jyonf[k qkayonf? okYd taMumif;ukd dk f d d d f S h d jyojzifh tusK;ukvnf; jyjcif;udpN yD;onfudk um&Plypmjzifh jyonf[k usr;q&mwkYd u qkMd u\/ aemufvnf; d d f enf;wlyif/ 2-b*0g-rS jzpfvmaom b*0gyk'jf zifh jrwfpmbk&m;rSm tukovtjypfrsm; vk;0 uif;pifaMumif;udk G dk f H wkuujf y\? xkoYdk tjypfuif;pifvQif jrwfpmbk&m;\ oEmef w&m;*kPtaygif; jynfpaeaMumif;ukvnf; d f dk d G f h Hk d odEiay\/ okYd odEionfuyif b*a'gowmjzifh jyonf[k qkayonf/ dk f dk f dk d
rSwfcsuf
1-0do'r*f w0guswnf;jzifh aygif; jyxm;onfudk em;vnfv,ap&ef 2-0guscGvsuf vkuy'rsm; k d G f J d f k f ESivnf; ,SO jyefxm;onf/ S&if;twki; twdtusjyefvQifum; ]]xkYd twl vlrsm;pkEihf pl;prf;qifjcifwwfaom hf f d d f S ynmSdwkdY\ rsm;pGmjrwfE;tyfonf\ tjzpfudk (jytyfay\)}}[k jzpfonf/ okwenf;olwYdk aumif;aumif; dk em;vnf&ef cJ,Of;\/ 2-vnf; enf;wlyif 2-0gus cGjJ yefxm;onf/ 3-tb,faMumifh qif;&Judk y,fEioenf;[lr- ]]tjcm;rJ0gus jyvwHaom tmrdo'ge "r'gewkYd jzifh h dk f l h h aus;Zl;yavh SaomaMumifyif}}[k taMumif;jyNyD;vQif ]]jrwfpmbk&m;\ lyum, uk,awmfudk yuwdrsufpjd zifh d h G d f zl;jrif&jcif;aMumifh vlwYkdrm qif;&JNidr;onf? jrwfpmbk&m;\ "rum,ukd ynmrsupjd zifh zl;jrif&jcif;aMumifh Sif S f G f &[ef;wkYd rm qif;&JNidr;onf? xkoYdk lyum,ukd zl;jrifapjcif;[laom tmrdo'ge "rum,ukd zl;jrifapjcif;[laom S f d "r'gewkYd jzifh qif;&JEpyg;ukd Nidr;apaomaMumifh qif;&Juy,fjcif; pGr;Ekionf}}[k #Dum zGijhf yxm;\/ S f f dk f d f
rSwfcsuf
1- rdr\ lyum,ukd vlwYdk tm; zl;jrifapjcif;ukd tmrdo'ge tmrdoukd ay;urf;csD;jrijhf cif;[k d qkonf? "rum,ukd Si&[ef;wkYd tm; odjrifapjcif;jzifh "r'ge-w&m;ukd ay;urf; cs;jrijhf cif;[k qkonf? xkd 2-yg; d f D d jzifh aus;Zl;yjcif;ukd jyonf[k qkv\/ d dk 2-aS;b0rsm;u ycJaom tmrdo'ge "r'gewkYd aMumifh igonfavmu tjrwfq; bk&m;tjzpfoYdk h Hk a&muf&\? oifwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif usif&rnf[k wkuwe;jcif;jzifh csOf;uyfvmaom vlEihf Si&[ef;wkdYtm; h d f G f S f avmuD avmukw&m csr;omwkYd Eihf ,SOapjcif; pGr;Ekionf\tjzpfudk b*s0wm b*0wmwkYd jzifh jyonf[k f S f f d f qkv\/ d dk
200
rSwfcsuf
1-(tm'd) ponf-[laom o'gjzifh r[drm ywd ygur odwm 0odwm ,wumr0om,dwm [lukefaom 6-yg;aom bke;wefc;wkYd uvnf; odr;,ltyfue\/ xkwif kyu,udk tPkjrLozG,f ao;i,f f dk dk f k f d G f dk f atmifyjcif;-zefqif;jcif;onf tPdrmrnf\? aumif;uif ajcjzifom;jcif; ponfjzifh (pGr;Ekiatmif) ayghyg; h G f d f onf\ tjzpfonf (0g-ayghyg;atmif zefqif;jcif;onf) vCdrmrnf\? uk,udk ajrBuD;uJoYdk BuD;onf\tjzpfoYdk d f h a&mufapjcif;onf r[drmrnf\? vk&mt&yfoYdk a&mufEijf cif;onf ywrnf\? t"d|mefjcif; ponf\tpGr;tm;jzifh d dk d f tvktyfonfudk NyD;apEkijf cif;onf ygur rnf\? rdrtvktwki; jzpfjcif;[laom tpk;&onf\ tjzpfonf d dS d d d d f d odwmrnf\? taxGaxGtrsKd;rsKd; wefc;zefqif;&m tvktwki; Ekieif;jcif;onf 0odwmrnf\? aumif;uifjzifh dk d d f d f oGm;aepOf jzpfap? tjcm;udp wpkwckudk yaepOf jzpfap trSwrSd wpkwckaomt&m tqk;owfEijf cif;onf H f H H dk ,wumr0om,dwm rnf\? Spyg;onf avmuDusrf;q&m ynmSwYdk tav;tjrwforkwtyfaom &d, f d f bke;awmfaywnf;/ (#Dum) f 2-xkd Spyg;aom &d, bke;awmfonf jrwfpmbk&m;\ 'd0" tbdnmOf twGi;0ifvsuf\? f f G d f dS tjcm;yk*Kd vfwYdkEirqkif jrwfpmbk&m;ESiom oufqiay\? xkYd aMumifh ]]cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jynfppm S hf d G hf dk f d f h Hk G Sday\}}[k rdefYqkd\/ (#D)
rSwfcsuf
1-jyefYEUHS aom .... ausmfapmjcif;[k pyfyg/ 2-jzpfapEkdifaom .... jynfhpkHaom .... usufoa&awmf[k pyfyg/
rSwfcsuf
1-b*bke;awmf + 0EKSonfjynfpon = b*0EK - b*0gbke;awmf 6yg;ESihf jynfpawmfrayaom f d h Hk f h Hk l jrwfpmbk&m;/ G 2-tvkH;pkHaom w&m;wkdYukdif; .... a0bef (a[mMum;) awmfravNyD-[k pyfyg/ "ro*FPusrf; a[mawmf l D rlonfudk &nf,\/ G f 3-ukovf tpSaom w&m;wkYd uif; .... a0bef (a[mMum;) awmfravNyD-[k pyfyg/ 0dbif;usrf;ponf dk d dk l a[mawmfronfudk &nf,\/ l G f 4-yDVe|onf 'kuudk jrifcu xifm;aom oabmjzpfonf? ocFw| oEmy| 0dy&dPmr|wkYd onf dk f S ork',r*ea&m"wkYd udk jrifjcif;jzifh ,if;wkYd Eihf EIi;,SO xifm;aom oabmrsm; jzpfMuonf[k qk\/ (r[m#D d S d f f S d 'k? 190? 0do'r*f 'k-843-pmyk'fvnf; Sdonf/) k d
rSwfcsuf
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201
rSwfcsuf
1-'dA-ewfjynf jzpfonf-oufqionf + 0d[m&aejcif; = 'dA0d[m&jA[m [laom ewfjynfEihf dk f S oufqiaom psmef[aomaejcif;? 0gpsmefjzifaejcif;/ if;rSm tyrnmpsmefrS wyg;aom lyg0p&psmefrsm;yif dk f l h jzpfonf/ 0d[&wdyk'tzGiqi&m #DumwkYd tlypsmefwYdk uvnf; 'dA0[m& xnfoi; jyqkMd uao;\/ f hf dk f dk d h G f jA[0[m&jrwfaom aejcif;/ if;rSm arwm ukPm rk'wm Oayumpsmefrsm;yifjzpfonf/ d d t&d,0d[m&t&d,mwkYd \ aejcif;/ if;rSm zvormywfyifjzpfonf/ 2-tazmfuif;vsuf wyg;wnf; aejcif;onf um,0da0u rnf\? yXrpsmef ponfjzifh eD0&P ponf wkYd \ uif;qdwjf cif;onf pdw0a0u rnf\? edAmefonf Oy"d0a0u rnf\/ d d 3-tewmEkyemjzif&aom r*fonf oknw0darmu rnf\? 'kumEkyem tedpmEkyemwkYd jzif&aom h h r*fwYdk onf tyP[w0darmu tedrw0armuwYdk rnfue\/ om&w#umESihf tnDyif/ d d d d k f D 4-wyg;ukeaom[lonfrm avmuDtbdnmOf ponfwYdk udk (qkv\)/ (#Dum) f S d dk
rSwfcsuf
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202
bk&m;*kPfawmf 9-yg;
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203
(5-1) avmu\ taMumif;t&m tvk;pkudk tuketpif odjrifawmfraomaMumifvnf; avmu0d'l H H f l h rnfawmfrygay\/ l (5-2) ow0g taygif;[laom owavmu? kyemrf "rocFg&w&m; taygif;[laom ocFg&avmu? f ow0gwkYd \ wnfae&m bkXme [laom Moumoavmutm;jzifh avmuok;yg;ukd yki;jcm;ukepif odjrifawmf H H d f f rlaomaMumifvnf; avmu0d'l rnfawmfrygay\/ h l (6-1) tjriftjrwfq;jzpfaom oDv*kPf orm"d*Pf ynm*kPf 0drw*Pf 0drwP 'e*kPwYdk Eihf h Hk k k d k k d f S jynfpawmfronf jzpf avmu"mwftm;vk; tjrwfq; jzpfawmfraomaMumifvnf; tEkw& rnfawmfrygay\/ h Hk l H Hk l h l (6-2) ,Ofaus; vdrm ynmtod rSMd uao; rjynf0ao; tqk;tr ay;xkuaom wd&pmefa,musfm; h H d f vla,musm; ewf a,musm;wkYd udk ,Ofaus;vdrm ynmjynf0 tcsK;usatmif qk;roGeoifawmfrwwfaomaMumifh f f h d H f l vnf; yk&o'rom&xd rnfawmfrygay\/ d l (6-3) qk;rxkuaom yk*Kd vfwYdk tm; nTeMf um;oGeoifyjhJ yif qk;rrI twkrSd tjrwfq; jzpfawmfraom H d f f H Hk l aMumifvnf; tEkwa&myk&o'rom&xd rnfawmfrygay\/ h d l (7) vl ewf jA[m ow0gtaygif;wkYd udk tusKd;rJh trIrsm;rS ydwqYdk wm;jrpfvsuf aumif;usKd; csrf;om f jzpfz,&m taMumif;wkYd jzifh aumif;aumif;nTejf y BuD;us,aom vkUH vjzifh qk;rawmfrwwfonfh q&mjrwftppf G f f H l jzpfawmfraomaMumifvnf; owma'0rEkmeH rnfawmfrygay\/ l h l (8-1) odoifh odxuaom a,s"Hig;yg; w&m;tvk;pkudk tuketpif odjrifawmfraom aMumifvnf; Ak' dk f H H f l h rnfawmfrygay\/ l (8-2) opmav;yg; cyfor;aom w&m;wkYd udk yki;jcm;useuk,awmfwif od&NyD;vQif a0ae,srsm;pGm d f d f d f dk ow0gwkYd tm;vnf; nTeMf um; a[mazmf odapawmf rlwwfaomaMumifvnf; Ak' rnfawmfrygay\/ h l (9-1) vGeuJ xl;jrwfaom oDv*kPf orm"d*Pf ynm*kPf 0drw*Pf 0drwP'e*kPwYdk Eihf f k k d k k d f S jynfpawmfronfjzpf vl ewf jA[m ow0gtaygif;wkYd u tjriftjrwfq; yk*Kd vfx;BuD; tjzpfjzifh tav;tjrwf h Hk l h Hk l ytyf yxkuaomaMumifvnf; b*0g rnfawmfrygay\/ d f h l (9-2) avmuD avmukw&m csrf;omwkYd udk jzpfapEkiaom 'ge oDv ponf yg&rD tqifqifh tjrifh d f h tjrwfq; bke;awmf uHawmf teEwYdk Eihf vk;0OkH jynfpawmfraomaMumifvnf; b*0g rnfawmfrygay\/ Hk f S H h Hk l h l (9-3) avmb a'go arm[ tpSaom wode;ru rsm;vSpmaom udavomwkYd uif;? tusOf;csKyf d f G dk tm;jzifh udavorm&f cErm&f tbdocFg&rm&f a'0ykwrm&f rpKrm&f [laom rm&fig;yg;wkYd uif; zsufq; dk D y,fi;awmfrNl yD;aomaMumifvnf; b*0g rnfawmfrygay\/ S f h l (9-4) &d, "r ,o od&D umr y,w [laom b*ac:a0: 6-yg;aom bke;awmfwYdk Eihf jynfpawmf f S h Hk rlaomaMumifvnf; b*0g rnfawmfrygay\/ h l (9-5) uk,awmfEihf pdwawmfudk 0oDabmf ajrmufatmif tacgiftxGwf qEnwi; tvkwi;Ekieif; d f S f G f dI f d dS dk f d f tpk;&awmfrjl cif;[laom &d,bke;awmf (1)? avmuD avmukw&mwkYd \ tnGeYf tzl; txl;jrwfq;jzpfaom d f Hk psmeftbdnmOf r*fzvw&m; wnf;[laom "rbe;awmf (2)? [kwreonftwki; b0*fci;atmif ysHUvIi;xifm; dk f k f f S f h d f dk f d f S ausmMf um;awmfrjl cif;wnf;[laom ,obke;awmf (3)? a,musm;jrwfwYdk\ 32-yg;aom vuPmawmfBuD; f f Spq,faom vuPmawmfi,f a&mifjcnfawmf ajcmufo,wYdkjzifh wifw,f0if;y oyg,fawmfrvonfh lyum, f G f h l S \ jynfpawmfrjl cif; usuoa&awmfwnf;[laom od&be;awmf (4)? uk,awmfjrwf\ tusKd;pD;yGg; a0ae,s h Hk f D k f d f ow0gwkYd \ tusKd;pD;yGg; wnf;[laom tw [dw y&[dw 2-yg;wkdY\ vkvm;awmfronftwki; NyD;pD;jynfpjHk cif; d l h d f h [laom umr bke;awmf (5)? wavmuvk;\ q&m jzpfaMumif; aumif;jrwfaom vkUH v ory"mef 0D&,wnf; f H d [laom y,w bke;awmf (6) okYd tm;jzifh b* ac:a0: 6yg;aom bke;awmfwYdk Eihf jynfpawmfraom f f S h Hk l
204
aMumifvnf; b*0g rnfawmfrygay\/ *kPfawmf 9-yg; tzGiwYdkwif rdrd uduEpoufaom yk'rsm;ukd avhvm h l hf G f S f f usurwNf yD;vQif jrwfpmbk&m;\ *kPawmfwYdk udk tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjcifvsuf Ak'gEkwd bm0emukd f S G f yGg;ap&m\/ xkoYdk yGg;apaom yk*Kd vftm; 0do'r*f jyxm;aom tusKd;rsm;ukif; tjcm;ygVd t|uxmwkYd d k d d jyxm;aom Ak'gEkwd\ tusKd;rsm;ukif; awGUjrifcpm;&ygvdrrnf/ d H hf
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rSwfcsuf
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205
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1-y&d,wf w&m;awmfonf .... (oGmumw) w&m;rnfay\-[k pyfyg/ 2-jA[p&d,ac: tusifjh rwfonf jynfpaumif;jrwfaom teufvnf; S\? jynfpaumif;jrwfaom h Hk d h Hk o'gvnf; Sd\? tvk;pkH t<uif;rJh jynfp\ xuf0ef;usif pifMu,f\? xkoYdk aom tusifjh rwfudk y&d,wf H h Hk d w&m;awmfu jywwfaomaMumif[k qkv\/ xkdwGif o'gSdonf-[k qkjd cif;rSm tqk;tr pum;awmf[aom h d dk H l jA[p&d,ukd &nf qkjd cif;jzpfonf/ 3-ok-aumif;pGm+tumw-a[mtyfonf=oGmumw-aumif;pGm a[mtyfaomw&m;/
rSwfcsuf
1-tqk;tr w&m;awmf[orQonf oDv orm"d ynmESihf 0drwudk &nf a[maom w&m;awmfcsnf; H l k d jzpfaomaMumifh xuf0ef;usiftzkYd tm;jzifh aumif;ayonf/ 2-tm'duvsmP-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? tp aumif;jcif;Say\? tp\ aumif;jcif; Sday\-[lvnf; f d jyefoifao;\/ tv,f tqk; aumif;ay\-[l&mwkYd vnf; enf;wlyif/ h H 3-raZuvsmP-yk'\ teufjzpfonf/ f 4-y&da,momeuvsmP-yk'\ teufjzpfonf/ f 5-{0H ar okw-okYd uREkyMf um;bl;ygonf-ponfjzifh a[m&mumvt&yf a[maomyk*Kd vf emoly&dowf H f ponfwYdkudk jyaom pum;&yfonf ed'gef;rnf\/
rSwfcsuf
1-tydp-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? &nf,csuf xifm;ap&efazmf jyefxm;onf/ f G f S 2-ed'gef;ESiwuG jyxm;onf-[laompum;jzifh okweudk &nfonf? trItaMumif; jzpfay:vmykEiwuG hf f H S hf jyxm;onf [laom pum;jzifh 0denf;ukd &nfonf/ 3-pum;jzifh okwf 0denf; tbd"rm[laom omoe"rtvk;pkudk jyonf/ H H 4-xkd edAmefudk &onfrS aemuf yzG,rSjd cif;aMumifh edAmefjziftqk; aumif;ay\/ (#Dum) f h H
206
rSwfcsuf
1-avmuD avmukw&m rcGjJ cm;yJ omrntm;jzifh oDv orm"d ynm odumok;yg;onfif;? tvk;pkaom H H H ygVdawmf a'oemw&m;onfif; omoejA[p&d, rnf\/ (#Dum) 2-tvk;pkaom tusifoumwkYd \ tMunftESpozG,jf zpfaom odumok;yg;taygif;jzifh a&wGutyfaom H H h d f H f t&d,r*fonf r*jA[p&d, rnf\/ (#Dum) 3-yumaowd-\ teufjzpfonf/ 4-'Daywd-\ teufjzpfonf/ 5-rSp omw oAsOe-\ tzGifhrsm;onf ygVdusrf;wwfy*Kd vfjrwfwYdk \ t&mom jzpfonf/ k
rSwfcsuf
1-0dok'dr*f jrefrmjyef yXrwGJ y -tBudruf ESm 547- Munfyg/ trSwf (101) tyk'Eihf qki\/ xkd f dk h d f S d f urm0&P udavom0&P 0dygum0&PwkYd onf urE&m,f udavoE&m,f 0dyguE&m,fwYdk jzpfonf/ xkYd jyif &[ef;rSm apwemESiwuG vGeusL; oifaom tmywfonf tmPm0DwurE&m,f rnf\? t&d,m yk*Kd vfudk pGypJG hf f h d f jypfrm;jcif;onf t&d,y0g'E&m,frnf\/ S l
rSwfcsuf
1-t&d,r*fonf .... (oGmumw) w&m;rnfay\-[k pyfyg/ 2-0do'r*f jrefrmjyef yXrwGJ y-tBudruf trSwf (12) yOrtyk'Eiqi\/ ESm 47-rSwcsuf1- k d f dk d f S hf dk f f Munfhyg/
rSwfcsuf
1-oH-uk,wi+'d|-awGUjriftyfonf = oE|-oE|u-uk,wif awGUjriftyf-awGUjrif&aom w&m;/ d f dk f d d d d d d f dk
rSwfcsuf
1-oH-uk,wi+'d|-jriftyfonf-jrifEionf=oEd|-oEd|u-uk,wif d f dk f d dk f d d d f dk w&m;/ 2-oH csD;rGr;tyfaom aumif;aom+'d|Pftjrifjzifh + uatmifEionf=oE|u-aumif;aom Pf f d dk f d d tjrifjzifh udavomwkYd udk atmifEiaomw&m;/ dk f awGUjrif&aom-awGUjrifEiaom dk f
rSwfcsuf
1-oE|-jrifjcif;uk+u - xkuonf = oE|u-jrifjcif;ukd xkuaom 0g-jrifxuaom w&m;/ r*fudk d d d f d d d f dk f yGg;apvsuf zkvEihf edAmefwYdk udk rsufarSmufawGUvsuf jrifxu\/ d f S dk f 2-t-rSd + umv - tusK;ay;&ef iHvif&aomumv = tumv-tumvdu-iHvif&aom umvrSyJ d h h h h d csujf cif; tusK;ay;wwfaomw&m;/ d
207
rSwfcsuf
1-t-r[kwf + umv - tusK;ay;&ef a0;aomumv + u - Sonf = tumvdu-tusKd;ay;&ef d d a0;aomumvSonf r[kwaom-0g csujf cif; tusK;ay;wwfaom w&m;/ d f d 2-{[d-vmyg+y-Ivnyg ([laom zdwrefjcif; tpDt&ifu)+u-xkuonf={[dydu-vmyg S hf f dk d f Ivnyg[k zdwrefjcif;uk-0g-zdwrefwuwe;&ef xkuwefaom w&m;/ S hf f d f dk f G f d f
rSwfcsuf
1-Oye,-uyf aqmifjcif; xnfoi;jcif; + u - xkuonf = Moye,du - Moyae,su - rdr\ h G f d f d d pdw uyfaqmifxuf xnfoi;ay;xkuaom w&m; 0g-uk,xJ pdwxoYdk a&mufatmif usifaqmifxuaom f dk h G f d f d f f J h dk f w&m;/ 2-Oye, -rdr\ pdwjf zifh uyf aqmifjcif; - rsuarSmufyjcif;ukd + u - xkuonf = Oyae,su d f d f d rsuarSmufyaomtm;jzifh uyfxu-odjrifawGUxdxuaom w&m;/ f dk f dk f 3-Moyae,su-t&d,myk*Kd vfudk edAmefoYdk aqmifwwfaom r*fw&m;/ 0g-rsuarSmufjrifatmif usiaqmif d f hf tyfaom zkvw&m; edAmefw&m;/ d f
rSwfcsuf
1-0d[d [lonfum; odoynmSwYdk onf? opmukd odNyD;aomolwYdk onf [laomteufudk (qkv\)/ l l d d dk xkopmodol ynmSwYdk onf pifppftm;jzifh O*g#dwly*Kd vf ponfwYdk yif jzpfue\/ xkYd aMumifh ]]O*g#dwl d d k k f tpSueaom}}[k qkayonf/ (#Dum) tusOf;csKyfw&m;ukd empOfyif r*fzvw&m;xl;ukd &aomyk*Kd vfonf d k f d dk f O*g#dwlrnf\? tusOf;csKyfw&m;ukd csJU tus,fa[monfudk empOf r*fzvw&m;xl;ukd &aomyk*Kd vfonf dk f 0dyOwlrnf\? emMum; rSwom;NyD;aemuf orx0dyem bm0emtvkyudk yGg;rsm;tm;xkwygrS r*fzvf d f f f dk w&m;xl;ukd &aom yk*Kd vfonf ae,s rnf\/ yk*dK vf 3-rsKd;ukd &nf qkonf/ d 2-ypw-rdrd rdr? 0g-toD; toD;+a0'dwaAm-odtyf cHpm;tyfonf+0d[-w&m;jrifod ynmSwYdk H d l d d onf= ypwH a0'dwaAm0d[-w&m;jrifoonfh t&d,mynmSwYdk omvQif toD; toD; odjrif cHpm;&aom w&m; l d d d aywnf;/
rSwfcsuf
1-t&mvnf; w&m;*kPy'wYdk \ teufudk odv,aom enf;jzifh tusOf;csKyf jyOD;tHh/ f k f G f
208
w&m;*kPfawmf 6-yg;
jrwfpmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonfG (1-1) oGmumawm-avmb a'go arm[Nidr;aMumif; aumif;rGepm a[mtyfaom f f G wum;/ (tH 1? 218-tmZD0uokwfukd rSDonf/) w&m;awmfjrwfygay
(1-2) oGmumawm-tp tv,f tqk; ok;yg;vk; aumif;atmif aumif;pGma[mtyfaom w&m;awmfjrwfyg H H H aywum;/ (1-3) oGmumawm-Mum;emkyif tylpif usifvQifcsrf;om NyD;ajrmufygu &[Empifppf {uefjzpfatmif H h zGivpaocsm aumif;rGepma[mtyfaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ hf S f f G (1-4) oGmumawm - uk,wirepm odNyD;cgrS ow0grsm; odapom;[k a[mMum;awmfraomaMumifh d f dk f S f G l aumif;rGef rSeuefpm a[mtyfaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ (tH 1? 280-tbdnm,m[H "rH a'aordf G ponfukd rSDonf/) (2-1) oE|aum-usiBhf uH tm;xkwu rkcsu,wif awGUjrifEiaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ d d f dk f dk dk f (2-2) oE|aum-yGg;apvsuf rsufarSmufyvsuf awGUjrifxuaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ d d dk f (3) tumvdaum-csdecgtcGihf rqki;vifyJ toifvufiif;csufjcif; tusKd;ay;wwfaom w&m;awmfjrwfyg f d f h h aywum;/ (Ou| enf;tm;jzifh t&d,r*f 4-yg;ukd qkonf? Moruenf;tm;jzifh bm0em tusifuvnf; ,loifh d h dk \/) (4) {[dydaum-vmyg Ivnyg[k zdwref wkuwe;xkuaom w&m;awmfjrwfygay wum;/ S hf f d f G f d f (5) Moyae,saum-uk,xJ pdwxa&mufatmifusifaqmifxuaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ ( d d f f J h dk f uk,x-[laompum;onf pum;acsmap&efif;? aq;ukd rS0onfEihf Oyrmy em;vnf vG,ap&efif; jzpfonf/) d f J D J S f (6) ypwH a0'dwaAm 0d[-w&m;jrifoonfh ynmSpyg; t&d,myk*Kd vfrsm;omvQif uk,pD uk,i l d d d S f d f d f odjrif cHpm;&aom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ *kPy'wYdk wif rdrd uduEpoufaom yk'rsm;ukd usufrw atmufarhqifjcif&m\/ f k f G f S f f S f
rSwfcsuf
1-(tMuif) [laom teufonf ,'d'-\teufjzpfonf/ jrefrmjyef yk'rygaomfvnf; teuf H f t"dyg,f ay:vGifvsufyifSd\/ okYd aomf jynfpap&ef jyxm;onf/ h Hk
rSwfcsuf
1-ok-aumif;pGm+y#dyE-usionf=oky#yE-aumif;pGmusifawmfrygay\/ t&m tjcm;bmom0ifwYdk hf d h l uvnf; olwYdk \bmomw&m;t& usionfudk aumif;pGmusionf[yif qkMd uayvdrrnf? rjiif;Ekiatmif hf hf l hf d f ajzSi;&efv\/ xkYd aMumifh t*Fw&ygVdwuedygwf tmZD0uokwf (218) tSitmeEm rax&fjrwfu ajzSi; f dk k d f f jyxm;ay\/ xkajzSi;csuft&tm;jzifh ]]tusKd;rJudk jzpfapwwfaom avmb a'go arm[wkYd udk y,fEi&ef d f h dk f usifoudk oky#yE}}[k qk&m\/ xkYd aMumifh oky#yaEm-avmb a'go arm[ uif;aMumif; aumif;pGmusiawmfryg h l d d d hf l ay\? aumif;pGmusiaom oHCmawmfjrwfygaywum;-[laom teufuvnf; tav;y rSwom;xm;oifh hf dk f ay\/
209
rSwfcsuf
1-t&d,mwkYd onf rsufarSmufrsufu,f oDvpifMu,fMu oDvcsif; wlnMD u\? r*f zkvf yp0uPmPf G d [laom orm'd|Pf tjrifjcif; wlnMD u\/ okYd wlnojzifh wrsKd;wnf; tjzpfjzifh aygif;pk ac:tyfaom d D wynftaygif;[k qkv\/ h d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-taumuf ok;yg;[lonfrm aS;jycJaom EGm;usifi,fa&;ponfEiwaom taumufo;yg;ukqonf/ H S h S hf l Hk d dk ,if; taumufo;yg; taMumif;ukd t|omvdeD ESm 195- okYd jyxm;\/ &[ef;wyg;onf tG,fokH;yg;vkH; Hk oDvrpifMu,fvQif EGm;usifa&aumufrsKd; jzpfonf/ 'kw, wwd,tG, rpifMu,fvQif v-a&; aumufrsK; d f d jzpfonf/ wwd,tG,usrS rpifMu,fvQif x,fui;aumufrsKd;jzpfonf/ tusOf;csKH; jycsuf jzpfonf/ f dk f
rSwfcsuf
1-vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd tzGionf ygVdom aus;Zl;rsm;onf? jrefrmjyefum; aus;Zl;rrsm;ay? f f hf pkvifrQtwGuom jyxm;onf/ H Hk f
rSwfcsuf
1-oHCmawmfonf .... tm[kae,srnfay\-ponfEihf pyfyg/ S 2-tm - aqmif,c + [ke - ay;vSLylaZmftyfonfudk + {,s - xkuonf = tm[kae,s t&yfa0;rS l hJ d f aomfvnf; aqmif,c ay;vSLylaZmftyfonfudk cH,&efxuonf? ay;vSLylaZmf xkuonf/ l hJ l dk f d f
rSwfcsuf
1-,o tm[0eD,*rdS [kwH '"dtm'd-tMuif ylaZmftyfaom rD; ylaZmftyfaom EkYd "rf; ponf-[k d #Dum uHteufudk zGijhf yxm;aomfvnf; um; jyvwHaom *gxm ylZem-yk'Eihf wxyfwnf; wlnap&ef h f S D ylaZmfjcif;[k abmteufjyefxm;onf/
rSwfcsuf
1-tm+[k+teD,jzifh tm[0eD,[k NyD;\/ ylaZmftyfylaZmfxuonf? vm ylaZmftyfylaZmfxuonf dk f dk f [k teufSd\/ tm[kae,s-yk'uvnf; xktm[0eD,ESihf teufw[k qkonf/ xkYd aMumifh tm[kaea,sm- ay;vSL f dk d l d ylaZmfxuygayonf? t&yfa0;rSaomfvnf; vma&muf ay;vSLylaZmfxuygayonf-[k atmufarh qifjciftyf\/ kd f dk f 2-'dom 0d'oawm-yk'\ teuf jzpfonf? wll t&yfrsufEm taxmift&yfrsufEmwkYd r-[k twdtus d f S h S S jyefvQif jrefrmpum;racsmarm? xkYd aMumifh txufygtwki; jyefxm;onf/ d f 3-xkd {nfcauR;arG;zG,ypn;ukvnf; .... oHCmtm;omvQif vSLjcif;iSg oifavsmfay\-[k pyfyg/ h H f f d h
rSwfcsuf
1-yg[ke - {nfcauR;arG;zG,ypn; + {,s - xkuonf = yg[kae,s - {nfcauR;arG;zG,f ypn;ukd h H f f d f h H f aomfvnf; ay;vSLylaZmfxu-cH,awmfrxuygayonf/ dk f l l dk f 2-(tvktm;jzif) yg[0eD,rnf\-[k pyf/ d h
210
3-y-aS;OD;pGm + tm - aqmif + [0eD, - ylaZmfxuonf = yg[0eD, - aS;OD;pGmaqmif ylaZmf dk f xkdufygayonf/ 4-cyfor;aom tjym;tm;jzif-[lonfum; kaojcif; av;pm;jcif; rsm;pGmjrwfE;jcif; ponfvnf; d f h d dk jzpfaom (tjym;tm;jzifEihf pyf) vSLzG,0wKukd kaopGm yjcif; ponfvnf;jzpfaom tvk;pkaom tjym;tm;jzifh h S f d H H ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) d dk
rSwfcsuf
1-y-cyfor;aom tjym;tm;jzifh + tm[0eD, - ylaZmfxuonf = yg[0eD, -kaoav;pm;jcif;rsm;pGm d f dk f d jrwfE;jcif; vSLzG,udk wkwaoyjcif;paom cyfor;aom tjym;tm;jzifh ylaZmfxuygayonf/ dk f d d f dk f 2-yg[kae,s yk'uvnf; xkyg[0eD, yk'uoYdk yif teuf 2-yg;vk; jyef&rnf[k qkv\/ f dk d f hJ H d dk 3-uHEihf uH\tusKd;ukd ,kMH unfif;? wrvGeavmuukd ,kMH unfif;? ay;vSLjcif;ukd BuD;yGg;csrf;om S f aMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh 'uPm[k ac:onf/ xkYd aMumifh 'uPm-BuD;yGg;aMumif; jzpfaom tvSLukd + {,sd d xkuonf = 'uaP,s-BuD;yGg;aMumif;jzpfaom jrwfaomtvSLukd cHxuygayonf/ d f d dk f 'udPm-BuD;yGg;aMumif;tvSL\+{,s-tpD;tyGg;ukd ywwfonf = 'uaP,s - BuD;yGg;aMumif; tvSL\ d tpD;tyGg;ukd ywwfygayonf/
rSwfcsuf
1-tOvd - vuftyudk - 0g - vuftycsDjcif;ukd + u&PD, - yxkuonf = tOvu&PD, k f k f d f d vuftycsDr; Sc;xkuygayonf/ k f dk d dk d f 2-tEkw&yk'jf zifh olYxuf tvGetuJ txl;tjrwf rSonfudk jy\? okYd aomfvnf; oHCmawmfEihf f d S wlnaom tvSLcHy*Kd vfyifrS[k jyvkaomaMumifh to'do-twlrSdaom-[k rdeYf qayonf/ #Dumukr D k d d H dk d DS zGijhf yonf/
rSwfcsuf
1-pwma&m p y#dyEm? pwma&m p zav Xdwm-ponfjzifh r*f wnfqJ yk*Kd vf 4-yg;? zkvoYdk a&mufNyD; d f yk*Kd vf 4-yg;[laom Spyg;aom t&d,moHCm ay;vSLaom'ge tusKd;BuD;aMumif; oH,wygVd yXr ESm 235f k f ponf jyxm;avonf/ 2-tEkw&-tvGetuJrSd tjrwfq;jzpfaom + yknauwH - aumif;rIwYdk \ jzpfyg;pnfyif&m v,fajr + H f Hk G avmu - avmu\ = tEkw&ynauwH avmu-ow0gtaygif;\ aumif;rIrsKd;wkYd pkuysKd;BuD;yGg;&m H k d f v,f,majr taumif;qk; jzpfygayonf/ H 3-t&mvnf; oHCmh*Pawmfrsm;ukd odv,aom enf;jzifh tusOf;csKyfjyOD;tH/ k f G f h
211
w&m;*kPfawmf 6-yg;
jrwfpmbk&m;\ w&m;awmfonfG (1-1) oGmumawm-avmb a'go arm[Nidr;aMumif; aumif;rGepm a[mtyfaom f f G aywum;/ (tH 1? 218-tmZD0uokwfukd rSDonf/) w&m;awmfjrwfyg
(1-2) oGmumawm-tp tv,f tqk; ok;yg;vk; aumif;atmif aumif;pGma[mtyfaom w&m;awmfjrwfyg H H H aywum;/ (1-3) oGmumawm-Mum;emkyif tylpif usifvQifcsrf;om NyD;ajrmufygu &[Empifppf {uefjzpfatmif H h zGivpaocsm aumif;rGepma[mtyfaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ hf S f f G (1-4) oGmumawm-uk,wirepm odNyD;cgrS ow0grsm;odapom;[k a[mMum;awmfraomaMumifh d f dk f S f G l aumif;rGef rSeuefpm a[mtyfaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ (tH 1? 280-tbdnm,m[H "rH a'aordf G ponfukd rSDonf/) (2-1) oE|aum-usifBh uH tm;xkwu rkcsuk,wif awGUjrifEiaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ d d f d f dk dk f (2-2) oE|aum-yGg;apvsuf rsuarSmufyvsuf awGUjrifxuaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ d d f dk f (3) tumvdaum-csdecgtcGihf rqki;vifyJ toifvufiif;csufjcif; tusKd;ay;wwfaom w&m;awmfjrwfyg f d f h h aywum;/ (Ou| enf;tm;jzifh t&d,r*f 4-yg;ukd qkonf? Moruenf;tm;jzifh bm0em tusifuvnf; d h dk ,loif\/) h (4) {[dydaum-vmyg Ivnyg[k zdwref wkuwe;xkuaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ S hf f d f G f d f (5) Moyae,saum-uk,xJ pdwxa&mufatmifusifaqmifxuaom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ ( d d f f J h dk f uk,x-[laompum;onf pum;acsmap&efif;? aq;ukd rS0onfEihf Oyrmy em;vnf vG,ap&efif; jzpfonf/) d f J D J S f (6) ypwH a0'dwaAm 0d[-w&m;jrifoonfh ynmSpyg; t&d,myk*Kd vfrsm;omvQif uk,pD uk,i l d d d S f d f d f odjrif cHpm;&aom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywum;/ *kPy'wYdk wif rdrd uduEpoufaom yk'rsm;ukd usufrw atmufarhqifjcif&m\/ f k f G f S f f S f
rSwfcsuf
1-wmed p-\ teuf jzpfonf/ xkd oDvwkYd uvnf;-[k twdtusjyefvQif pum;xyfaeouJoYdk xifz,f dk h G SaomaMumifh txufygtwki;jyif vJv,jf yxm;onf/ d d f S
rSwfcsuf
1-igonf oDvjzifh xifm;aom ewfonfrvnf; jzpf&m\ jzpfEi\ jzpfv\? rxifm;aom omref S l dk f dk S ewfonfrvnf; jzpf&m\ jzpfEi\ jzpfv\? xkd ewfjynf NrJonf ckionf tNrJwnfonf jzpfvwH-[l l dk f dk d f dS h aomfif;? oDvjzifh pifMu,fjcif; vGwajrmufjcif;jzpfonf [laomfif; okYd ponfjzifh wPSm'd|wYdku rok;oyf f d H tyfaomaMumif/ (#Dum) h
212
rSwfcsuf
1-trsKd;Zmwfudk taMumif;yif; *kP;rwlonfudk taMumif;yif; raygif;oif; rqufqEiyJ d f H dk f cGjJ cm;zG,f rSNd yD[k qkv\/ d dk 2-olwyg;wkYd u rdrudk pGypaomab; &mZ0wf tjypf'Pfab; tyg,f'*woYdk usa&mufjcif;ab;wkYd udk d f JG k d ]]tpSdonf}}[laom pum;jzifh odr;,ltyf\/ f
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1-tNrJwrf;jzpfaom .... vSLjcif; tNrJwrf;jzpfaom .... cGjJ crf;ay;urf;jcif;-[k pyfyg/ 2-yk*Kd vfonf .... aqmufwnfjcif;ukd y .... ay;vSLNyD;vQif .... edrwudk ,lc .... qdwfNidrf&mokdY d f hJ uyfa&mufvsuf ... aumif;pGm uyfNidonfjzpf .... tzefwvJvJ atmufarhqifjciftyf\-[k pyfyg/
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1-yk*dK vfonf .... aqmufwnfjcif;ukdy .... ay;vSLNyD;vQif .... edrdwfukd,lcJh .... qdwNf idr&mokYd f uyfa&mufvsuf .... aumif;pGm uyfNidonfjzpf .... tzefwvJvJ atmufarh qifjciftyf\-[k pyfyg/ 2-tnpftaMu;rsm;vnf; uif;aompdwf 0efwrvnf; uif;aompdw[k qkv\/ dk I f d dk
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1- tpSdaom-jzifh vGwvwpeYf BuJ ay;vSLjcif; pifMu,faomvufjdS cif; tpSaom txufyg f G f G d qkcNhJ yD;aom *kPrsm;ukd odr;,lonf/ d f f
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1-onf;rcHEijf cif; vuPmSaom .... 0efwrI tnpftaMu;u-[k pyfyg/ dk d dk
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1-ray; rvSLEkijf cif;onf uk,ypn;ukd olrsm;ykiqirnfrS onf;rcHEiaom 0efwraMumifomr[kway? d d hf f d f dk f dk f dk I h f cifrifw,wmrI avmbaMumifvnf; jzpfwwf\? tvSLcHy*Kd vfudk rke;aom a'goaMumifvnf; jzpfwwf\? 'ge\ G f h k f h tusK;ukd rodaom arm[aMumifvnf; jzpfwwf\? xkYd aMumifh xkavmb a'go arm[wkYd uvnf; tnpftaMu; d h d dk rsm;[k qkonf/ d 2-r[memrokw vl0wfaMumif aomwmyef\ qifjcifyudk &nf a[maomaMumifh ]]t*g&H tZm0omrdf Hk tdrudk tkycsKyf apmifaSmufvsuf ae&ay\}}[k a[mawmfronf? 0do'r*fum; &[ef;\ qifjcifyudk &nf f f h l k d Hk ]]0d[&mrd-ae&ay\}}[k omref jyqkxm;jcif; jzpfonf[k odapvk\/ d d
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1-ouwtbd"mef y,w-yk'udk qefYonf jzefYonf [lvnf; zGijhf yxm;\/ xkdYaMumifh ]]y,wygPd f jzefYaom vufonf}}[laom teufvnf; t&m tvGeyif oifay\/ dS f h
213
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1-bduK \teufjzpfonf? y"metm;jzifh jyonf[k ,l&m\/
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1-pGeYf BuJ ay;urf; jcif;onf tvSLcH yk*Kd vfwYdk csr;omapvkaom arwm\ tpGr;jzifjh zpfonf? xkYd aMumifh f d f arwmbm0emtm; avsmaom yusijhf cif; jzpfayonf/ (#Dum) f
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1-a'0wmeH twaem o'g'D[d orme*kP'Dyew-[laom ygXf\teufudk odv,atmif tenf;i,f H G f jyif jyefxm;onf/ S&if;twki; twdtusjyefvQif ]]rdr\ o'g ponfwYdk Eihf ewfwYdk \ wlnaom *kPwYdk udk d d f d S D f jyjcif;iSg}}[k jzpfonf/
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1-a'0wmeH yda,m a[mwd remayg-\ odv,aom teufjzpfonf? S&if;twki;jyefvQif ]]ewfwYdk u G f d d f cspcifMunftyfonf jrwfE;tyfonf jzpfay\}}[k jzpfonf/ f dk dk
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1-xkpum;ukd .... (a[mawmfronf) .... a[mawmfronf-[k pyfyg/ d l l
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1-Ak'gEkwd\ tpGr;tm;jzifh &aom Oypm&psmefudk 0dyemI&ef yg'u tajccH taMumif;yonfudk f qkdonf/ 2-0doZEd-pifMu,fMuayuke\ [lonfum; (y&r 0do') tjrwfq; pifMu,fjcif;rnfaom edAmefoYdk k f k d Hk a&mufue\/ (,if;okw\ tzGihf t*Fw&t|uxm) r[m#Dum pmtkywYdk y&r0do't&mwGif y&rw 0do'[k k f f k f k d k d cRwf,i;ae\/ G f
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1-vnf; jycJaom t*Fw& t|uxmESitnD y&r0do'd t"d*rwm, [laom ygXft& jyefaom h k hf k teufjzpfonf/ 2-yOumr*kPorma"-[laom ,if;okw\ tzGihf t|uxmESihf tnD jyefonf/ f 3-Moumom"d*arm-[laom yk' 6-yg;ukeaom tEkwd|mewkYd udk Moumo wkYd [k qktyfue\/ f f d k f if;wkYd udk &jcif;ukd (Moumom"d*r [k qkonf)/ (tH-|yif) d
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1-0do'"rm [lonfum; 0doZeobm0g-pifMu,fjcif; oabmSMd uonf/ (tH|? r[m#D) k d k 2-vnf; jycJaom (y&r0do' [laom) tH|ESihf tnD y&r0do'd "rwm,-[laom ygXfuom h k k dk trSe, jyefxm;onf/ ,if; jyefcsuf- jrwfaom pifMu,fjcif; oabm[lonfrm edAmefyif jzpfonf/ f l S
214
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1-aeykudk jyjcif;iSg ... a[mawmfrl (tyfue)\-[k pyfyg/ H k f
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1-0denf; y&d0g&t|uxm ESm 174- ,if; rax&f\ 0wKukd atmufygtwki; awGU&\/ d f wqifMh um;&onfrm u#tEum&t&yf aeavhaom zka'0 rax&fonf apwD,ifjyifudk wHjruf S dS vSn;NyD;vQif {uoDouFe;ukd vuf0yck;xufwifum vufuawmhx; a&OESyef;wkYd jzifh jzefYcif;xm;ouJoYdk f f J H dk J h tnDtrQ jyefYBuJaom oJjyifaom apwD,ifjyifudk Munfvsuf bk&m;vQif tmkH ySaom yDwygarmZudk jzpfap dS h I d d wnfaeav\? xkcP rm&fewfonf awmifajcjzpfaom arsmufuoYdk toGiaqmif apwD ,ifjyif EGm;acs; d dk hJ f rsm;ukjd zefYBuJvsuf oGm;av\/ rax&fonf t&[wzvoYdk a&mufatmif ESv;oGi;&ef rpGr;Ekiay? wHjrufvn; dk f Hk f f d f S f NyD;vQif (ausmif;okYd ) oGm;av\? 'kw,aeYvnf; EGm;tka,mifaqmif xkoYdk oabmSaom azmufjyefjcif;ukd d d d d yavonf/ wwd,aeY ajccGiaomvlUoPmef zefqif; ajcjzifqiifvsuf oGm;av\/ rax&fonf ]]vkd f h JG tkyq;aom vlonf ywf0ef;usif w,lZemtwGi;Sd qGr;cHmwkYd rSacs? rm&f ewfjzpf&moavm}}[k BuHawG; f dk f f G d NyD;vQif ]]oif rm&fewf r[kwavm}}[k ar;\/ ]][kwygonf tSib&m; rm&fewfygyJ? ,ck tSib&m;tm; rvSnhf f f f k f k pm;Ekiawmhyg}}[k qk\/ oif jrwfpmbk&m;ukd zl;jrifb;onf r[kwf avm-[k ar;\/ rSeyg zl;jrifb;ygonf-[k d f d G l f l qk\/ rm&fewfrnfonfrm wefc;tmEkabmfBuD;\? bke;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpmbk&m;\ uk,awmfEiwaom d S dk f G d f S hf l uk,udk zefqif;jyyg[k rax&fuqk\/ xkb&m;ESihf wxyfwnf;wlaom kytqif;ukd rzefqif;EkiygtSib&m;? d f d d k f d f f k okYd aomfvnf; xkb&m;ESihf wpdwwa'owlaom kywudk zefqif;ygrnfq rdr\ yuwdyudk y,fpeYf NyD;vQif d k f f k dk d k f G bk&m;\ kyyawmfEiwaomuk,jf zifh wnfaeav\/ rax&fonf bk&m;[ef zefqif;xm;aom rm&fewfuMdk unf f Hk S hf l d h ]]rm&fewfonf &m* a'go arm[ Saeygvsuf uJoYdk (0g-rQavmuf) wifw,fayao;\? tcsif;cyfor; d h h d f &m* a'go arm[ uif;NyD;aom jrwfpmbk&m;onf tb,faMumifh rwifw,fyJ Stenf;}}[k qifjcifum bk&m;vQif G h h d hH tmkHSdaom yDwdukd& 0dyemukdyGg;apvsuf t&[wzvoYdk a&mufawmfravonf/ xktcg rm&fewfu dk f l d ]]tuREkyudk tSib&m;u vSnpm;tyfacsNyD}}[k qk\/ rax&fuvnf; ]][Jh rm&fewftdk oifoYdk aom oluvnpm; f f f k hf d dk S hf &ef tb,frm Stenf;}}[k acsy ajymqkavonf/ S d hH d
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1-*wdorwd ponfwYdk\ rSjd cif;aMumif-[lonfum; ewfwYdk \uJoYdk *wdorw\if;? urmOD;om;wkYd \ h h d uJoYdk umvorw\if;? Ow&ukuRef;om; ponfwYdk \uJoYdk tm[m&orw\if; rSjd cif;aMumifh ([kqv\)/ h d k h d dk dk ponf-[laompum;jzifh Owk\ jynfpjHk cif; okuaoG;wkYd \ jynfpjHk cif; ponfudk odr;,l\/ (#Dum) ,if; h f h f [dwy'fukd ]]tESpfw&mrQ twkdif;tSnfSd}}[laom pum;ESifh pyfyg/ f k
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1-'lorm&fewfonf uukoefb&m;aemufrS vkuygvmaom t*om0u jzpfaom tSi0"&rax&fudk D k d f f d k vlwa,muf\ uk, yl;uyf ausmufcEihf aygufowf\/ rax&f\ OD;acgif;onf aoG;oH&&Eihf uGom;av\/ d f J S J J S J G xk'orm&fewfonf xktukovuaMumifh xkcPrSmyif xkb0rS pkaw t0Dpi&JoYdk a&muf&av\/ uvmAk d l D d dk f H d d d rif;onf cE0g'Di&aoh\ vuf ajc em; ESmwkYd udk jzwf ESypuf\/ xkoYdk ESypufNyD;vQif xkEypuf&mO,sOfrS D S f d f d d f d dS f txGuyif ajrrsKd t0Dpi&JoYdk a&muf&av\/ ponf t&jzifh tSiom&dyw&m\ OD;acgif;ukd ykwcwfaom f d f k f eEbv;ESihf Oyv0Pf ax&Drukd jypfrm;aom eEvvif ponfwYdkudk ,l&ef #Dum jyxm;onf/ D l S k 2-vkyBf uHr[&m rdru,wif ao&maoaMumif;BuHrI olwyg;u vkyBf uH owfjzwfrI [laom ESprsK;vk; I l d dk f dk f d H ukyif ,ltyf\/ d
215
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1-a,medaom-Oyga,e oifaomtaMumif;jzifh taMumif;rSeenf;vrf;rSejf zifh [laom yk'teufwYdk\tpm; h f f enf;vrf;rSepm-[k jyefxm;onf/ f G 2-ta,medaom - tEkyga,e - yk'wYdk \ teuf jzpfonf/ rSm;aomtaMumif;jzifh ESv;oGi;jcif;onf f Hk f enf;vrf;rSm;,Gi;pGm ESv;oGi;jcif;yifwnf;/ ,if;onf owdoa0*ESihf qifjcifPfurjzpfapyJ aojcif;ukd f Hk f H dk ESv;oGi;rIyif jzpfaMumif; #Dum zGijhf yxm;\/ Hk f
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1-xkd tvk;pkonfvnf;-[l&m pk;&drrEihf 0rf;ajrmufrwYdk\ jzpfjcif;onfif;? xdwvefYr\ rjzpfjcif; H H d f I S I f I onfif;? xdwvefYr\ jzpfjcif;onfif; tpOftwki; owduif;jcif; oHa0*uif;jcif; Pfuif;jcif;aMumifh f I d f aywnf;/ rSeay\-tMuif olonf ]]aojcif;rnfaom oabmonf y#doaEtm;jzifh jzpfNyD;aomoltm; {uef f rvGJ awGUpNrJyif}}[k ynmSwYdk \ pum;ukd trSw&\? xkd aojcif;jzpfaom xdwvefYrI oHa0*vnf; S\? d f f d aumif;pGmvnf; qifjcifaomPf\? xkotm; vkvm;cspfcifo\ aojcif; paom taMumif;aMumifh pk;&drjf cif; dS d l d l d ponfwYdk onf jzpfay:&ef tcGir&Muukeonfomwnf;/ (#Dum) hf f 2-'d|ykAorwe-yk'\ teufjzpfonf? ,if;ukd twdtusjyefvQif aS; jrifb;aom pnf;pdrueaom D H f l f dS k f [l jzpf\? okwenf;olwYdk em;vnfEirnf r[kway? qkvonfrm xkaoavukeaomolwYdk\ pnf;pdrf csr;om dk f f d dk S d f f jzifh BuD;yGg;csr;om aeMuonfudk a,m*Du jrifb;cJ\? xkoYdk BuD;yGg;csrf;omMuaom yk*Kd vfrsm;\ aojcif;ukd f l h d qifjcif&rnf[k qkv\/ pnf;pdrcsrf;omESihf txiftSm; jynfpMHk uonf[qvQif a,m*Duvnf; if;wkYd \ d dk f h k dk pnf;pdrcsr;omukd jrifb;aMumif; ay:vGiay\? xkYd aMumifh txufygtwki; y&d,m,f vJv,f jyefxm;onf/ f f l f d f S
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1-jzpfaom umvrSp .... rjyefrqkwfrl .... oGm;ae\-[k pyfyg/ 2-rsm;aomtm;jzifh ow0gwkYd onf nOftcg y#doaEudk ,lMuuke\? xkYd aMumifh &w nOf[k qkay h f h d onf/ (#Dum) aeYtcg aoolwYdk um; enf;Murnf r[kwaomaMumifif;? aoonf\tjcm;rJyif y#doaEudk f h h ,lMu&rnfjzpfaomaMumifif; ,if; #DumtzGiudk qifjcifoif\/ toiftm;jzifrum; xkaS; acwfu 'DC&wH h hf h h h l d Snjf rifpmaom nOfywfv;? &w-rsm;pGmaom nOfwYdk udk odol (toufno) okYd ponfjzif&w nOfudk h G h Hk I h S f l h h y"mey ajymqkavh SaomaMumifh t&mvnf; {u&w wckaom nOf-[k qkonf jzpf&m\/ d d h d
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1-xkd ow0gwkYd tm; .... aojcif;onfomvQif (om om) eD;uyfvsuf S\-[k pyfyg/ d
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1-opfyifxuf wnf (vuf&qGwc;jcif;) trI tm;xkw&ef tvkueaom opfo;ykiiwYdk tm; f l f d dS k f D d f S f a<uusom;rnfrS pk;&drjf cif; ab;onf (jzpf\)? wenf;um;-opfyifatmufoYdk 0ifMuaomolwYdk tm; (olwYdk G d txuf) (a<uusrnfrS pk;&draMumufUHG jcif;ab;onf jzpf\)/ (#Dum) d f
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1-okc-yk' -ypn;onf twdo,teufudk jy\? xkYd aMumifh tvGetuJcsrf;omESihf jynfpaom-[k D f f f h Hk teufjyefonf/ xkd tvGetuJcsrf;omukd vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd #DumtzGipum;jzifh odtyf\/ f f f hf
216
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1-usufrw qifjcif a[majymvkorsm;twGuf oHa0**gxm 2-yk'udk ygVdawmfteuf azmfjyOD;tH/ S f d l f h ouvH ar'de bkwm? 'wGm aum#dowH okc/ G D tkmrvurw? taE &wH *awm/ okc?D (ewfpnf;pdrEiwaom pnf;pdrrsm;ESihf tpk;&jcif;jzif) tvGetuJ csr;omESijhf ynfpaom taomu f S hf l f d h f f h Hk rif;onf/ ouv ar'de? ZrL'dyf (ac: tdE,) wajraxmifv;uk/ bkwm? tkyp;ok;aqmifNyD;? aum#dowH? d Hk d G f dk H uka#w&maomOpmuk/ 'wGm? ay;vSLNyD;/ taE? tqk;pGeus aemufumv/ tkmrvurw? qD;jzLoD; d H f wjcrf;rQ\/ &wH? tpk;&ol ykiitjzpfoYdk / *awm? a&muf&av\/ d d f S f awae0 a'[AaEe? yknrSd c,rm*aw/ r&Pmbdracg aomyd? taomaum aomurm*awm/ k taomaum? taomurnfaom? 0g-rpk;&dro-pk;&druif;olrnfaom/ aomyd? xk{u&mZfrif;onf aomfrS d f l d f d vnf;/ yknrS?d aumif;rIonf/ c,H tm*aw? ukejf cif;okYd a&mufvwfaomf/ awae0 a'[AaEe? xkwuk,f d d wnf;jzifyifvQif/ r&Pmbdracg? aojcif;okYd aS;Ijzpfvsuf/ aomuH? pk;&dryaqG;jcif;okYd / tm*awm? a&muf& h k d f l SmavNyD/ taomurif;\ aemufq;umv qD;jzLoD;wjcrf;rQ\ ykiijf zpf&ykudk 'dAsm0'geusrf; (ESm 279) Hk d f S H taomum0'ge[laom trnfjzifh jyqkxm;\? 0do'r*f r[m#Dum ed, 'k ESm 161-rSp atmufajcrSwcsu d k d f f ygVdbmomjyefvsuf jyxm;cJ\/ xkdpum;rS tusOf;csKH; t&m jyOD;tHh/ h
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(1) jrifarmufaom (ck;aom) vufonf; ajconf;Sjd cif;? (2) eDaom vufonf; ajconf;Sjd cif;? (3) h H aysmaysmif;aom vufonf; ajconf;Sjd cif;? (4) vk;aom vufacsmif; ajcacsmif;Sjd cif;? (5) tpOftwki; twkd h H d f tSnf nDnw qef;Mu,faom vufacsmif; ajcacsmif; Sjd cif;? (6) rxif-ray:aom taMumSjd cif;? (7) rxifG f rrk-rarmufaom zrsufjdS cif;? (8) ckicoefrmaom wcJeufaom tquf tpyf Sjd cif;? (9) nDnwacsmarm d d f hH G f ajyjypfaom ajcSjd cif;? (10) Snaom ajczaPSmifjdS cif;? (11) ajyjypfacsmarmaom vuPm ta&;taMumif; f h ygSjd cif;? (12) wlaom vuPm ta&;taMumif; ygSjd cif;? (13) eufaom vuPm ta&;taMumif; ygSjd cif;? (14) ajzmifaom vuPm ta&;taMumif;ygSjd cif;? (15) tpOftwki; wufaomvuPm ta&;ygSjd cif;? (16) usD; h d f tmoD;rSnuoYdk eDaomEIwcrf;Sjd cif;? (17) em;rcHomatmif tmacgifus,f qlnaomtoHr[kwjf cif;? (18) El;nHh hf hJ f H odrarGUaom eDaom vQmSjd cif;? (19) q'eqifrif;\ uH;0g;oH rk;xpfud;oHrsm;uJoYdk xif&aom toH csKdat; f f d h om,maom toHjdS cif;? (20) jynfpaom yk&oedrwjdS cif;? (21) Snaom vuf;Sjd cif;? (22) pifMu,faom h Hk d d f f Hk uk,[aom 0wK\ jynfpjHk cif; (23) El;nHaom uk,jdS cif;? (24) BuD;jyefUwifw,faom uk,jdS cif;? (25) qif;&J d f l h h d f h d f Zmwmygonfh uk,rsKd;r[kwjf cif; (t*Fgkyaumif;jcif;)? (26) tpOftwki; nGwoifaom t&m nGwaomuk,f d f f d f f h f d Sjd cif;? (27) aumif;pGm aÈ&aomrsufEmyk;aoaom uk,jdS cif;? (28) t*FgBuD;i,f ryl;ruyfaumif;pGm uGjJ ym; S d d f aomuk,jdS cif;? (29) BuD;us,fjynfh zd; wifw,faom ykqpf';0ef; Sjd cif;? (30) vk;aomuk,f Sjd cif;? (31) wifh d f h l H d w,faom ausmk; ausmjyifjzifh rSwtyfaom uk,jdS cif;? (32) ajzmifrwfaomuk,f Sjd cif;? (33) tpOftwki; d f d f h d d f
221
ESpoufz,f wifw,faomuk,f Sjd cif;? (34) eufaomcsuf Sjd cif;? (35) ajzmifaom csufta&;Sjd cif;? (36) tpOf f G h d h twki; rjywfonfta&;SaomcsufjdS cif;? (37) EGm;vm;ObuJoYdk aumif;aom oGm;jcif;Sjd cif;? (38) xuf d f h d h 0ef;usif Munfb,aom oGm;jcif;Sjd cif;? (39) tvGepifMu,f xuf0ef;usif awmufyaom ta&mifjdS cif;? (40) dk G f f q'eqifrif;\ oGm;jcif;uJoYdk wifw,faom oGm;jcif;Sjd cif;? (41) jcaoFrif;\uJoYdk wifw,faom oGm;jcif; f h h h h h Sdjcif;? (42) EGm;vm;Ob\uJoYdk wifw,faom oGm;jcif; Sjd cif;? (43) [oFm\ uJoYdk wifw,faom oGm;jcif; h h h h Sjd cif;? (44) vusfmbufoYdk om vSn oGm;jcif;Sjd cif;? (45) vk;aom0rf; Sjd cif;? (46) ajzmifaom 0rf;Sjd cif;? (47) hf H h av;\0rf;uJoYdk yg;vsaom0rf; Sjd cif;? (48) ausmufaygufrm rSnrnf;paom tjypfuif;onfu,f Sjd cif;? (49) h hf h dk vk;aom tpG,jdS cif;? (50) xufaom oGm;Sjd cif;? (51) tpOftwki; wifw,faom tpG,jdS cif;? (52) jrifaom H f d f h f h ESmwHjdS cif;? (53) pifMu,faom rsufpjdS cif;? (54) tnpftaMu; uif;aom rsufpjdS cif;? (55) Tiaom-Munfaom d d f rsufpjdS cif;? (56) Snaomrsufpd Sjd cif;? (57) us,faom rsufpd Sjd cif;? (58) MumkyicsyfuoYdk wifw,fpm d f d G hf hJ h G kaom rsupd Sjd cif;? (59) aphpyfacsmarmajyjypfaom rsupd Sjd cif;? (60) vSyqef;Mu,faom rsuv; rsuarSmif d f f f Hk f Sjd cif;? (61) waygif;wnf; vk;aomrsufc;Sjd cif;? (62) tpOftwki; ajyjypf uki;nGwaom rsufc; Sjd cif;? (63) H Hk d f d f f Hk rnf;eufaom rsufc;Sjd cif;? (64) jynf yg;pkeYf xuaom yg;Sjd cif;? (65) nDnwaom yg;Sjd cif;? (66) qkp&m Hk h G f G f d tjypfuif;aom yg;Sjd cif;? (67) tjypfuif;aom &ifbwfjdS cif;? (68) tvGef xifm;aom puKpaom aÈjdS cif;? S (69) aumif;pGm jynfpaom puKpaom aÈjdS cif;? (70) wajy;wnf;nDnwvpm vSywifw,faom rsuEm h Hk G f S G h f S Sjd cif; (ezl;armuf ESma,mifaumuf r[kw[k qkv\)? (71) xuf0ef;usifjynfaom OD;acgif;Sjd cif;? (72) rnf;euf f d dk h aom qHyifjdS cif;? (73) wnDwnmwnf;aom qHyifjdS cif;? (74) aumif;aom waygif; wpnf;wnf; qHyifjdS cif;? (75) arT;udionfh teHYaom qHyifjdS cif;? (76) El;nHaomqHyifjdS cif;? (77) rIyaxG;aom qHyifjdS cif;? (78) f dS h f tpOftwki; wifw,fpm aygufaom qHyifjdS cif;? (79) rwGeUf rvdyaom qHyifjdS cif;? (80) Zvyfyef;uJoYdk d f h G f h vusm&pfvnf wnfaom qHyifjdS cif;/ um; od&vvdw0dwm& jrefrmjyef jyxm;aom vuPmi,f (80) f D jzpfonf/ (jrefrmhp,pusrf; twGJ 12? ESm 142-4 wkYd vnf; Munfyg) vuPmawmfBuD; (32) yg;ukrl jrefrmjyef G f Hk h d 'DCedum,f r[m0* r[my'geokw MunfEi\/ f h I dk f
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1-jrwfpmbk&m;\ "rum,-w&m;uk,awmf[onfrm oDv*kPf tpSaom *kPawmf&wemrsm;yif G d f l S d f jzpfonf[k qkv\/ d dk 2-tNcHt&H trsm;qk; bke;uH tBuD;rm;qk; cGetm; tBuD;qk; wefc; tBuD;qk; ynm tBuD;qk; jzpfawmf H f H f H dk H H rlonf[k qkv\/ d dk
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1- t00wmeawmESihf y&dap'gbm0awm-wkYd udk jrefrmteuf wlaeaomaMumifh aygif; weufwnf; jyefxm;onf/ 2-*gxm ygXfteufudk jyOD;tHh ZD0wH Asm"d umavm p? a'[edauyeH *wd/ d yaOaw ZD0avmuo ? tedrwm e em,a&/ d ZD0w?H toufuif;? 0g-toufiae&rnfh umv tyki;tjcm;ukif;? Asm"d? aocgeD; cHpm;&rnfh d dk S f d f d tema&m*gukif;/ umavm p? ao&rnfh ESpf v &uf aeY tcsdef umvukif;? a'[edauyeH? aoNyD;aemuf d d uk,aumiftavmif;ukd ypfcs&rnfh t&yfuif;/ *wd? vm;a&muf&rnfh *wduif;/ {aw yO? ig;yg;wkYd u/ d f dk dk dk ZD0avmuo? owavmu/ tedrwm? odaMumif;edrwf t&dyvuPm wpkw&mrQ rSMd uonfjzpf/ e em,a&? d d f H twyfaocsm rSepmwdwd rodtyf rodEiue/ f G dk f k f
222
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1-*wd ig;yg;[lonfrm i&J wd&pmef Nydwm vl ewf ig;yg;yif jzpfonf/ S
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1-ykve tenf;i,faomfvnf; [lonfum; ykve toufioonf wyg;aom 'kw, tESpw&m d G f d G f S f l d f wkiatmif toufi&ef rpGr;Eki?f tESpig;q,faomfif;? ajcmufq,faomfif; (ykve) SiEi\/ (oH,wf d f S f f d f d G f f dk f k t|uxm yXr 161) ykve tenf;i,faomfvnf;-[lonfum; tESpw&mrS txuf q,fEpf tESpf ESpq,f d G f f S f ponfjzifh 'kw, tESpw&mokYd (0g-tESpf ESp&mokYd ) ra&mufr tenf;i,faomfvnf; (ykve) SiEi\d f f l d G f f dk f um; teuf/ (r[m#D) 2-rl&if;*gxmukd ygVdteuf xkwjf yOD;tH/ h tyrm,k rEkmeH? [DaV,s eH okayg&daom/ pa&,sm'dwoaom0? ewd rpK}em*arm/ D ('ged? tESpw&mrQ toufwrf;S&m ,cktcg/) rEkmeH? vlwYdk \/ tm,k? toufonf? ty?H enf;vS f d - wkawmif;vSacs\/ okayg&daom? aumif;aom tajrmftjrif PfynmESihf jynfpaomyk*Kd vfonf? eH? wkawmif; d h Hk d vSaom xkvUl toufu/ [DaV,s? wkavpG[k IwcsuJ&UJ &m\/ tm'dwoaom0? OD;acgif;ukd rD;pGavmifaeaomol d dk d f h D J uJoYdk / 0g-acgif;ukd rD;avmifaeaomolonf xkr;ukom Nidr;owf&ef vsifpmtm;xkwouJoYdk / pa&,s? odum h d D d f G f h ok;yg; usifw&m;ukd rem;vsifpm usifo;&m\/ rpK? aojcif;\/ tem*arm? rvmjcif; rnfonf/ 0g? rvmrnfh H h G h Hk tcsdeumvrnfonf/ ew?d rSonfomwnf;/ f d
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1-t*Fw&ygVd jrefrmjyef 'kw,wGJ ESm 625- Munfhyg/ k d 2-wnOfwaeY vGevQif aoEkionf? raorD tm;xkwrnf[k ESv;oGi;onf [l qkv\? okYd h f d f f Hk f d dk ESv;oGi;&m wnOfwaeYtwGi; raoEkiao;[k pdwcs arhavsmhae&m a&muf\? xkYd aMumifh &[ef;ukd Hk f h f d f f arhavsmhaeaom yk*Kd vf[k qk&avonf/ aemuf 3-yk'wYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/ d d f
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1-twabm[laompum;jzifh touf a0'em pdwwYdkrS <uif;aom w&m;wkYd udk qkonf/ (#Dum) f d 2-csr;omESihf qif;&JwYdk [lonfum; okca0'emESihf 'kua0'emwkYd aywnf;? Oayum a0'emonfvnf; f (tukovEitukov\ tusKd;jzpfvQif) ted|-tvkd rStyfaom Oayumjzpf (<uif;aom Oayumonf) |dk f S hf dk f d tvktyfaom Oayum jzpfaomaMumifh csrf;omESiqif;&JwYdk omvQif twGi;0ifayonf/ (#Dum) d dS hf f 3-aoqJy*Kd vf\ pkwcEmwkYd onf jyefray:vmyJ vk;0csKyfom;MuouJoYdk Siqy*Kd vf\ jrifcuf k d H G h f J k dk Mum;ckuf ponf cPrpJ csKyfom;Muaom cEmwkYd onfvnf; jyefray:vmyJ csKyfom;Muonfcsn;yif? xkYd aMumifh d G G f ESprsKd;pvk; twlwyif[k qkv\/ f H l d dk
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1- yXrjyefcsuonf *wm ty#oEum-ygXfudk tpOftwki;jyefonf/ 'kw, jyefcsufonf #Dum f d d d f d tzGiEitnD *wm-ukd y"meyk'f y jyefonf/ hf S hf
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1-atmufjzpfaom 0do'\ tpGr;jzifh &tyfaom xl;uJjcif;Saom y#dy'g P'e0do'bm0emjzifh k d f d k d tvk;pkaom ocFg&wkYd rS NiD;aiGUjcif;/ pufqyjf cif;tpSaom uif;Si; uRwfvw&ef ESv;oGi; nGwui;jcif; H H k d f G f Hk f f dk f (NyD;pD;\)? tyemjzifh qefYusibuf jzpfueaom tukovw&m;wkYd \ uif;jcif; (NyD;pD;\)/ okYd jzpf okYd oabm f k f dk f Saom 0do'bm0emtpOf\ tpGr;jzifh avmukw&m psmefonf tyemokYd a&mufonfomvQif jzpfayonf/ (#Dum) d k d f 2-oabmw&m;vQif tmkaom tjcm;ur|mef;wkYd \uJoYdk pdwudk aumif;pGmxm;jcif; (0g-wnfapjcif; H dS h f ) aMumifMh uyzG,f rSay? aumif;pGmxm;NyD;aom (0g-wnfNyD;aom) pdwjf zifh tmka[mif;ukd ausmfvejf cif;rQ d H G ukomvQif bm0emjzifh yzG,ayonf? xkYd aMumifh tlypsmefonf oabmw&m;aomfvnf; tyemokYd a&mufay d f dS onf/ (#Dum) 1-tedponmonfvnf; tavhtusif&onf[k qkv\/ h d dk 2-ryGg;apbl;aomolwYdk onf aocgeD;umv .... aMumufjcif; xdwvefYjcif; awGa0jcif;okYd a&mufuef f k ouJoYdk [k pyfyg/ h
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1-,cktcg .... xkum,*wmowdur|mef;\ yGg;apykudk tus,fjy&ef tcPf;onf tpOfa&mufvm d H vwfayNyD-[k pyfyg/ 2-rjzpfpzl;aom .... tMuifum,*wmowdur|mef;uk-[k pyfyg/ d
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1-ygVdusrf;&if; 0gus SnaomaMumifh odem;vnfv,ap&ef 0guscGxm;onf/ f G f J 2-BuD;rm;jrifjh rwfaom .... ukejf cif;-[k pyfyg/ ,if; a,m*wkdY\ ukejf cif;onf edAmefyif jzpfonf? xkYd aMumifh ,if;ukd BuD;rm;jrifjh rwfonf[k qkayonf/ d
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1-um,*wmowdonf trdueAmefudk &jcif;\ taMumif;vnf;jzpf\? trdut&omESiwaom tm;r& f d f hf l Ekiatmif aumif;onfh orx0dyem csr;omESivnf;wuGjzpf\? xkdYaMumifh if;ukd trdueAmef[k qkayonf/ d f f hf f d d (#Dum)
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1- pum;ukd txl;owdytyf\? &d,myxyki; pwkorZnyki; "mwkreodum&yki; a'oemawmf d f d f d f ESitnD tm;xkwvQif 0dyem jzpfaMumif;ukd 0do'r*f pum;jzifh ,krm;rSd NrJNrHpm rSwxm;tyf\/ hf f k d H S G f
224
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1-vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd ygVdudk jyxm;jcif;rSm aemuf zGijhf yvwHaomt&m tzGicy'f xkwjf y&efEihf f f h hf H k S xktzGirsm;ukd odenf;vnf; vG,ap&ef jzpfonf/ d hf f 2-tykdif;tjcm;Sdaom .... kyfukd,fukdyifvQif-[k pyfyg/ 3-bk&m;a[m ygVd[orQ ]]rwv* OD;aESmuf}}[laom yk'rSay/ okYd aomf zGijhf yvwHaom t|uxm l k f d h ESitnD ae&myif xnf ,l&rnfjzpfaomaMumifh vufonf;uGi;jzifh yki;jcm; jyxm;onf/ hf h f d f
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1-aemuf Gwqyudk jy&m0,f ]]tpma[mif; OD;aESmuf}}[l tMuifO;aESmuf aum|moukd jyqkxm;onf/ f dk Hk D d xkO;aESmufaum|moukd t&m0,f bk&m;a[mygVd k;wGi;jcifqjD zifyifvQif odr;,l a'oemawmf vmSay d D d f h f d onf[k jyvkaomaMumifh ]]rwv* t|draOe o*Fa[wGm}}[k rdeYf qawmfravonf/ (#Dum) t|uxm #DumwkYd d k d dk l t&jzifh bk&m;a[mygVdawmf[orQ rwv* OD;aESmufudk wkuuf ra[mcJaMumif; odtyf\/ l k d f dk h 2-t&m jrefrmjyefudk tzGictjzpf xkwjf yvQif tzGicH tzGihf 2-&yfv; xyfwjl zpfaeayvdrrnf? hf H hf Hk hf xkYd aMumifh ygVdudk tzGictjzpf xkwjf yonf/ aemufvnf; ygVdudk tzGictjzpf xkwjf y&m enf;wlyif rSwyg/ hf H hf H f
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1-ygVd&if;twki; rzGir qkvaom t"dyg,fuom zGijhf yonf? S&if;twki;zGivQif trsKd;rsKd;aom dS d f hf l d dk dk d d f hf qHyif tpSaom rpifrMu,f pufqyz,jf zifh jynfvsufaom uk,udk I\-[l jzpfonf/ d k f G h dS d f 2-taMumif;jycsujf zifh um,-uk,-[lonfrm qHyiftpSaom pufqyz,wYdk \ taygif;tpkyif d f S d k f G f jzpfonf/ ,if;taygif;tpkuyif uk,-[k odap\/ dk d f
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1-uk-pufqyz,f qHyif ponfwYdk\-0g-pufqyz,f a&m*gwkYd \+tm,-jzpf&m=um,-pufqyz,f k f G k f G k f G wkYd \ jzpf&muk,/ d f
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1-tMuif tpDt&ifjzifh oif,jl cif; uRr;usiwwfo\? xkuRr;usif wwfoaMumif;jzpfaom ckepfyg; f f d d f d aom tpDt&ifudk O*[ aumov-[k ac:qkdtyf\? wenf;um; xktpDt&ifaMumifjh zpfaom uRr;usif wwfod d f aomPfudk (O*[aumov-[k ac:qkdtyf\)/ reodum& aumov-vnf; enf;ukomvQif odtyf\/ d (#Dum)
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1-av;vywfv; GwqaeMuaom xkrax&fwYdk tm; Gwqjdk cif; vrf;pOfjzifyifvQif aum|mowkYd udk pl;prf; Hk f dk d f h qifjcifMuonfjzpf (0g-pl;prf;qifjcifMuaomaMumif) tpOftwki; 32-yg;aom aum|mowkYd onf txl;ojzifh h d f ay:vGiuevsuf xifueowwf? pufqyz,[k xifaom trSwonmonf aumif;pGmwnfowwf? xkrax&f f k f k f k f G f f d wkYd onf ,if;aum|moedrw psmefudk jzpfapNyD;vQif psmefvQif tajccHaom 0dyemukd yGg;apuke aomwm d f dS f ywdr*fudk xk;xGi; odueowwf/ xkYd aMumifh ]]GwqaeMupOfyif aomwmyefjzpfMu avuke\}}[k rdeYf qawmf d f k f f dk f dk rlayonf/ ( #Dum )
225
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1-OD;aESmufonf yx0D"mwfrsm;aomaMumifh (,if;uk) tpma[mif;\ tqk; GwqpOf wifjcif;udk d H f dk jyqkawmfravonf/ (#Dum) d l
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1-GwfqkdykHtpDt&if ]]tom; taMum tkd; kd;wGif;jcifqDtIdU? tIdY kd;wGif;jcifqD tkd; taMum tom; ta& oGm; vufonf; ajconf; tarG; qHyif}}[k ykH enf;jzifh 0uyOu ponfwYdk tEkvtm;jzifh Hk Gwfqkyudk jyqkNd yD;vQif y#dvtm;jzifh Gwqyudk aS;jzpfaom yOuquwYdk Eihf waygif;wnf; qufpyfvsuf d Hk Hk f dk Hk S jyqkxm;avonf/ xkjd yqkcsufudk (qkxm;onf[k rSwtyf\-ESipyf) oarm[ 0daem'eD t|uxm (tEkvHk d d d f hf ig;&uf? y#dvHk ig;&uf? tEkvHk y#dvHk ig;&uf-okYd tm;jzif) aS;yOu quwYdk Eihf ra&myJ toD;tjcm; ig;&uf h S ok;vD 15-&uf? aS;yOu quwYdk Eihf waygif;wnf; ig;&ufo;vD 15-&uf okYd tm;jzifh (yOu qu wck H S Hk wck) ig;&ufajcmufvD &ufo;q,fwyudk jyqkxm;onf? xkd GwywYdk wif tpig;&uf GwyEihf tqk;ig;&uf Hk G f Hk d f Hk G f Hk S H Gwfyudk jyonf\ tpGr;jzifh ( 0do'r*f) qkxm;onf [k rSwtyf\/ wenf;tm;jzifrl 0do'r*f Hk f k d d f h k d jyxm;aom Gwqyonfvnf; GwqyHk enf;wyg; jzpfonf[k odtyfayonf/ (#Dum) f dk Hk f dk
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226
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1-wckausmftm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;vQif .... xkdYtwlyif .... om,mzG,udk r&jcif;aMumifh pdwyifyef;onf jzpf f f uswwf\-[k pyfyg/ 2-a,m*Dtm; .... xkYd twlyif ur|mef;onf tqk;okYd a&mufrQ oufoufom jzpf\-ponfjzifh pyfyg/ H Hk
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1-a,m*Dtm; .... xkdYtwlyif .... ra&mufyJ Sdwwf\-ponfjzifh pyfyg/ 2-qHyifponfwkdY ]]rpifrMu,f pufqyz,}f }[k jzpfaptyfaom tokbmEkyemukd y,f (0g-pufqyf k f G k zG,[k IrEihf uif;) wifw,f\ponfjzifh ,ltyfaom qHyifponfwYdkonfvnf; t&m tjyifyjzpfaom f I S h trsKd;rsKd;aom tmkH rnfonfom[k odtyf\/ (#Dum) 3-rwm;jrpfaomoltm; .... xkYd twlyifvQif tjyify tmk ysHUvGivwfaomf-ponfjzifh pyfyg/ H hf
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1-xkdwGif .... t"dpdwokwf[k odtyf\-ponfjzifh pyfyg/ 2-t"d-vGeux;jrwfaom+pdw-orx0dyempdw/ f J l f 3-rSwxm;tyfonfh wnfMunfyHk tjcif;t&mSaom orm"donfyifvQif orm"derwrnf\/ ESv;oGi; f d d d f Hk f tyf\-[lonfrm pdw ytyf\? ]]jzpfaptyf\}} um; ytyf\-[laompum;\ teuf/ wenf;um; orm"d\ S f taMumif;jzpfaom tmkonf orm"derwf rnf\? if;ukd qifjcif;tyf\-[k qkv\/ y*[edrwf Oayumedrwf H d d d dk d d wkYd vnf; enf;yif (2-eufpD ,lav[k qkv\)/ (#Dum) d dk
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1-0awGm 0d|rk'*oPmeH-[k ygXfaomaMumifh ed, vk; yjyifp&iftyfaom rk;pnf oPmef d F dS H D dk Sdonf-[k jyefxm;\/ yjyifp&iftyfonf - [laom pum;jzifh teufx; r&ay/ xkYd aMumifh 0d|-t&m 0dr|D l [k Soifonf[ ,lqNyD;vQif acsmnufaom-[k jyefonf/ vk&if;rSm acG;aumifyyEihf rk;pnf ykwjl zpf&efyif d h l d k f S d H jzpfonf/
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1-yuwdrsupjd zifh rjrifEiaom tvGeao;i,faom jrLrIeUf ukd y&rmPkjrL ac:onf? y&rmPkjrL 36-ck f dk f f taygif;rQSaom jrLuktPkjrL ac:onf? tdre&tayguf tMum;i,frsm;rS xk;0ifvmaom aea&mifx ,if; d d f H H d J tPkjrLukd jrifawGUEkionf/ d f xktPkjrL 36-ck taygif;rQSaom jrLukd wZm&D jrLac:onf/ if;rSm vSn;vrf; ponfwYdk aumif;uifoYdk d d f vGiwufaeaomjrLrIef jzpfonf/ xkwZm&DjrL 36-ck taygif;rQSaom jrLukd &xa&PkjrL ac:onf/ if;rSm vSn; hf d d f vrf; jrif;&xm;vrf; ponfwYdk ajrwGiyif wnfvsuaom ajrrIeYf jzpfonf/ xk&xa&PkjrL 36-ck taygif;rQ f f dS d Saom jrLukd vdumjrL ac:onf/ unpfacs; unpfpjrL [lvnf; qkMd u\/ xkd vdumjrLcefUrQ ta&xJ0ifvsuf d wnfaeonf[k qkv\/ d dk 2-0ifvsufwnfaom .... tjrpfjzif-[k pyfyg/ h
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1- obm*y&dap' 0dobm*y&dap' - [laom trnfwYdk udk aemuf ygVdoufoufjzifom jyoGm;rnf/ h
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1-csnfud;oPmef Sue\ [laom teufonf okw&ZKuoPmem[laom ygXf\ teufjzpfonf/ d k f t"dyg,f rxifm;/ um,mEkyem usrf;rl ck'uygXt|uxmrS olu&0g*k&&ZKoPmem [laomygXft& S 0ufaxmifaom yku\ud;oPmef Sue\[k qkNd yD;vQif 0do'r*f SaomygXfudk ygXfysuf[vnf; qk\/ d f d k f k d d l d 2-um,mEkyemusr; ylwvwm-yk'udk uvdrjf zLEG,[k teufjyef uvdrjf zLEG,oPmefue\ [k f d f f f dS k f qk\/ d 3-um,mEkyemusrf; 0DPm-yk'udk wa,m-[k teufjyef wa,m ud;BuD;oPmef Sue\-[k f d k f qk\/ d
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1-aMu;rk;onfvnf; aS;acwf oD[V tok;yaom aMu;rk;jzpfonf/ H dk dk f H H dk
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1-ouF#wCwykPy#c@oPmeH-[laom yk'\ teufjzpfonf/ ouF#w-yk'udk ed, k d f k d f jyefxm;onftwki;yif ]]twGeUf twGeUf S}}[k jyefxm;onf/ um,mEkyem usrf;um;-]]0J,m em;xifkd; h d f d ESpacsmif;txuf 0J,mOD;uif;k; ESpacsmif;wkYd onf tem;ywfvnfui; axmywftjynfh xnfxm;tyfaom f d f dk f h ydwyi;oPmef Sue\}}[k qkxm;avonf/ tk;kyywYdk vnf; ,if; tk;ykudk uke;uke; uki;uki;yifawGU&\? f dk f d k f d d f Hk d H f f d f d f xkYd aMumifh ouF#w-t& uki;onf-[k qkjd cif;u om oifouJoYdk Say\/ ck'uygXt|uxmrl xkouF#wk d d f h h d d k d yk'rygyJ A[vCwykPy#ydavmwduoPmeH-[k ygXfSd\? xkd ygXft&tm;jzifh ]]jypfaom axmywfjzifh jynfaom f h ykq;Murf;yki;oPmef\}}[k jyef&m\/ okYd aomf ykoPmefum; rxifm;/ dk d f dS H S 2-um,mEkyemusrf; ]]OD;acgif;aemufz,f; ig;ckwYdk onf pyfcsKyfxm;aom Al;awmif;a[mif;uGJ ig;ck dk oPmef Sdukef\}}[k qkd\/
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1-&m*tm;BuD;aomol-[lonfrm &m*tjzpfrsm;ol-&m*pkuf Soyifjzpfonf? xkYd aMumifh &m*pkuo[k S d d l d f dS l qkdrnfhtpm; & m*tm;BuD;aomol-[k qkxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ a'gotm;BuD;aomol ponfjzifh qk&mwkYd vnf; d d enf;wlyif/
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1-um,mEkyemusrf; ]]wGvsm;usaom tom;ysOf; jzpf aS;tcgu tzsOf;[k ac:onf? o&ufuEihf J G f S wlaomaMumifh aemuftcg o&ufu[k ac:onf}}[k qk\/ xkdYjyif ]]o&ufGufonf txufrS a&vQif 6-ckajrmuf G f d eH;up atmufudk wrkuwiatmif vuf0eyg;twGi; tpmopftr\ vuf0buf txufyi;ukd zduyfvsuf dk d f dk f J H f d f J dk f vlUuk,\ txufatmuf tvsm;vkuwnf\}}ponfjzifh temwrDusrf; tqkuvnf; jyxm;ao;\/ d f d f d dk
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1- tom;yki; ESpck ok;ck tjym;Saom-[laom teufonf 'Gwroc@yab'H-[laom oD[Vrl d f f H d d H dk f ygXfEitnD jyefcsuf jzpfonf? vuf0zuf tqkwrm tom;yki; 2-ck vusfmzuftqkwrm tom;yki; 3-ck S hf J f S d f f S d f SaomaMumifh 'Gw-ESpck ok;ck-[k qkxm;jzif; jzpfayonf? aum|mo kyyrsm;ukd MunfvQif tqkw\ykpudk d d f H d f Hk h f H H twki;yif awGU&onf/ jrefrmpmtkywYdk um; ,if; 'Gw-t&m 'Gwo [k ygXfysufvsuf S\/ d f f d d
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1-avQmrusatmif .... waygif;wnf; zGUJ wG,vsuf .... csKyfpyfvsuf wnf\-[k pyfyg/ f
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1-zGUJ wG,vsuf .... csKyfpyfvsuf wnf\-[k pyfyg/ f
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1-ok;qJEprsKd;aom yk;wkYd uif;? yk;rsKd;Spq,fwYdk uif;? um,mekyemusrf; ESm 180-182-wkYd jyxm; H h S f d dk d f dk \/ okYd aomf t&mrSm tpmopftr yk;rsKd;rsm;pGm SaeaMumif; od&efrQom vk&if;jzpfonf/ d f d d d 2-yg;pyfuevsuf .... vk,ufpm;aomufue\-[k pyfyg/ dS k f k f 3-,if; tpmopftr .... twlyif trsKd;rsKd;aom pm;zG,aomufz,onf .... acG;tefzwfwYdk Eiwpm d f f G f S hf l G usNyD;vQif .... pufqwz,f aumif;vSonfh taeokYd a&mufvsuf wnfay\-[k pyfyg/ k f G
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1-tykyf t&d tGJ taygif;onf usa&mufNyD;vQif .... aESmufESuftyfonfhjyif .... a&m>yrf;vsuf S\? usKduf d usKduf qlvsuf-ponfjzifh pyfNyD;vQif aemufq; ]]csOf;uyf&ef Munf&efyif rxkuonftaeokYd a&mufvsuf Hk h I d f h wnf\? erf;I&ef pm;ok;&ef rxkuwefonfrm qkb,yif rSawmhay}}[k pyfyg/ H d f S d G f d 2-pm;zG,f aomufzG,f ponfonf .... Budwfacsvsuf .... arTaESmufum .... vl;vnf;vkdufojzifh .... uif;onfjzpf .... usNyD;vQif .... &pfywfonfhjyif .... usKdufusKdufqlvsuf .... Iyf,Sufcwfvsuf .... xapvsuf Sojzifh a&mufvsuf wnfacsonf-[k pyfyg/ d
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1-pm;zG,f aomufzG,fponf .... Budwfacsvuf .... arTaESmufum .... vl;vnf;vkdufojzifh .... uif;onf jzpf .... usufNyD;vQif .... &pfywfonfhjyif .... usKdufusKdufqlvsuf .... Iyf,SufcwfvQuf .... xapvsuf Sdojzifh .... a&mufvQuf wnfacsonf[-pyfyg/ k
234
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1-aTpOfwkdif;Guf&nftqif; Sd\-[lvnf; ed, jyef\/ um,mEkyemusrf;rl xkd em*Av tyifrsKd; jrefrmjynf r [k qkonfjh yif ovdy\ tqif;ukd oeyfo;rSnhf wrmoD;rSnhf tqif;S\-[l vnf; Sd d f D d jyqkxm;avonf/ d 2-rsKdaom tcg .... xkdYtwlyif ponf pyfyg/
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1-]]jynf\ tNrJwrf;wnf&m rnfonf rSay}}[laom pum;jzifyif jrefrm0gus Si;aeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh d h f ]]tMuif t&yf xkjd ynfonf pka0;vsuf wnf&m\}}[laom ted,wf0gusukd csefxm;onf/
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1-y&dArE odae[AdEK 0do#oPmem-[laom yk'udk tpOftwki; jyefxm;csuf jzpfonf/ 0do#H [kwm f d f G y&dArEoae[AdEK oPmem-[laom #DumzGijhf ycsuft&tm;jzifh ysHUvsuf vnfaeaom qDaygufoPmef S\-[l d d vnf; jyefEi\/ dk f
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1-tqif;oPmef paom ig;yg;tjym;tm;jzif-[lyif qkv\/ h d dk
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1-t&m OyEK yaE-ay:vmMuonf ay:vmMuonf[k qkjd cif;rSm Oyg'ftm;jzifh jzpfay:vmjcif;ukd qkvonf r[kw?f 0durey[mefjzifh ry,fcg&ao;aomaMumifh jzpfay:vmEkiMf uonfh tukovwYdkudk qkvonf[k d dk G d dk f d dk odap\/ 2-t0dZmukd taumov-rvdrmol-rkurojl zpfaMumif;[k qktyf\? xkt0dZmaMumifh jzpfueaom w&m; d f J d d k f wkYd u/ rSeay\-tvk;pkaom tukovw&m;wkYd onf xkt0dZmvQif aSUoGm;Sue\/ ( #Dum ) dk f H H dk f d d k f
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238
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1-<uif;aomausmif; (7)ck [lonfrm (1) awmif? (2) awmifacsmuf? (3) awmifacgif;vkP*?l (4) okomef? S d f (5) awmtky?f (6) trk;rSaom [if;vif;jyif? (7) aumuf;yk?H (7) ckyifjzpfonf/ d d dk 2-aEGOwk awmonf avsm\? aqmif;Owk opfyif&if;onf avsm\? rk;Owk vloqwaomausmif; f f d l d f onf avsm\/ ovdy"mwf rsm;oltm; awmonf avsmf\? onf;ajc"mwf rsm;oltm; opfyif&if;onf avsm\? f f f av"mwfrsm;oltm; vloqwaom ausmif;onf avsm\/ arm[pkuotm; awmonf avsmf\? a'gopkduf l d f f d f dS l Sotm; opfyif&if;onf avsmf\? &m*pkuotm; vloqwaom ausmif;onf avsm\/ (#Dum) d l d f dS l l d f f
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1-qEonf jzpfay:\-[lonfum; bm0emonf aS;umvrS aemufumv xl;jcm;onfudk aqmifvwf aomf (0g-xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jzpfvwfaomf) om,mzG,udk &aomaMumifh xkbm0emtvky yvkjd cif; vuPmSaom f d f d ukovqEonf vGeuJ xufoefpm jzpf\/ (#Dum) xkoYdk aom qEonf oi;pOfrma&m xwpOfrma&m dk f f G d G f S k f S jzpfay:onf[k qkv\/ d dk
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1-wawm okcrw&H-[lonfum; qkcwi;aom qE\ jzpfjcif;aMumifh aS; 0ifav xGuavxuf omk d hJ dk f f odrarGUaom (0ifav xGuavuk)/ rSeay\-bm0em\ tm;pGr;aMumifh uk,rm ylyefrI ylavmifrI Nidr;vwfaomf f f d f f d f S f 0ifav xGuavwkYd onf om odrarGUukevsuf jzpfue\/ ygarmZjzpfay:\-[lonfum; 0ifav xGuavwkdY\ f f f k f f om odrarGUonf\ tjzpfjzifh tmk\ om Nidroufjcif;aMumifif;? ESv;oGi;rI [laom ur|mef;\ vrf;rSef f H f h Hk f oGm;jcif;aMumifif; bm0empdwEiwuGjzpfaom 0rf;ajrmufjcif;[laom ck'umyDwd ponf tjym;Saom EkaomyDwd h f S hf d d onf jzpfay:\/ pdwonf epf\-[lonfum; tpOftwki; 0ifav xGuavwkYd \ tvGeUf tvGef odrarGUjcif;okYd f d f f f a&mufvwfaomf rxifjcif;aMumifh S-rSd pl;prf;qifjciftyfonfh tajctaeokYd a&mufueaom 0ifav xGuav d k f f wkYd rS pdwonf qkwepf\[k tcsKdUuzGiqMdk u\/ pifppfaomfum;bm0em\tm;tpGr;aMumifh 0ifav xGuav f f hf f f wkYd onf om odrarGUjcif;okYd a&mufuevwf aomf xkd 0ifav xGuavwkYd y#dbm*edrwonf jzpf\? xkdtcg f k f f d f yuwd 0ifav xGuavrS (bm0em) pdwonf epf\/ (#Dum) f f
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1-Oayumonf aumif;pGm wnf\-[lonfum; xky#dbm*edrw Oypm& tyem tjym;Saom orm"d d d f d jzpfNyD;vwfaomf wzefpsmefjzpfap&ef aMumifMh uzG,f rSjd cif;aMumifh vspfvsLIjcif;jzpfayonf/ xkvspfvsLIaom d Oayumonf wMwrZwKayumyif [l odtyf\/ (#Dum)
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1-qkxm;onf[yif qkv\/ d l d dk 2-t'ge-yk'udk Snaom t"GeYf [k jyefonf? Snaomumv-[lyif qkv\/ f f f d dk
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1-wpkwckaom w&m;onf jzpfay:vmNyD;vQif &ifusufvsuf ysufom;ygu xkd w&m;ukd tedp-rNrJ[k H h G odrwtyf\/ xkoYdk todtrSwf y&m rNrJ[k todtrSwf y&aMumif; txdr; trSwvuPmonf jzpfjcif; &ifjh cif; S f d f f ysujf cif; [laom Oyg'f XD bifwYdkyif jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh xkd jzpf-wnf ysuf Oyg'f XD bifwYdk udk tedpvuPm[k qkonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh wpkwckaom w&m;onf jzpfay:vmNyD;aemuf uG,aysmufom;vQif xkw&m;ukd tedpd H f G d rNrJ[k odrwtyf\/ vufueJ ay:vmNyD;aemuf aysmufu,om;aom vQyfa&mifudk odrwtyfouJoYdk yif/ xkoYdk S f G f G S f h d todtrSwf y&m rNrJ[k todtrSwf y&aMumif; txdr;trSwf vuPmonf ay:vmNyD;aemuf uG,aysmufom;jcif; f f G yif jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh [kwm tbma0g-Sdvm-jzpfvmNyD;vQif rSjd cif;-uG,aysmufom;jcif;ukd tedpvuPm[k G f G wenf;tm;jzifh jyqkayonf/ d
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248
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1-rsm;aom tmedoifaom atmufarhr-owdu-[k pyfyg/ dS I dk
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1-ygPrd [ewd-ow0gukvnf; owf\-[laom pum;t&m okw&if;ygVdwif twAsmAm"m,yd d f G apawwd-rdru,udk ESypufjcif;iSgvnf; aphaqmftm;xkw\-ponfjzifh Sayonf/ d dk f d f f d 2-aS;OD;uyifvQif .... odtyfukef\-[k pyfyg/
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1-yk*va'gom ZmedwAm-[laom ygXfudk #DumzGiEitnD jyefqcsuf jzpfonf/ xk#um yk*v-yk*Kd vf + hf S hf dk d D a'go-bm0emukd ysuapwwfonf = yk*va'gom - bm0emukd ysuapwwfaom yk*Kd vfrsm;[k eufepm zGijhf y f f J G xm;avonf/ aS;OD;pGm ryGg;aptyfaom yk*Kd vfEihf vk;0 ryGg;aptyfaom yk*Kd vf[aom yk*Kd vftjym;ukd S H l odtyf\[k ,lvQif yk*vaba'gZmedwaAm[laom ,ckvufdS ygXfonfvnf; odv,vsuf oif&monfom/ G f h
249
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1-bdw,'rumod-eH&Eihf wkucujf cif;ukd yavonf-[lonfum; (xkd trwf\om;onf) Oykoov d k H S d f dk f D ukd aqmufwnfNyD;vQif wHcg;ydwxm;aom wkucef;0,f tdy&m tif;ysOfxkivsuf arwmukd yGg;apvwfaomf f d f f d f arwmukd aSUoGm;yojzifh jzpfay:vmaom &m*-u Pfjrifuef;atmif yvkuaomaMumifh r,m;xHoYdk oGm;vkd d f vwfaomf wHcg;aygufudk rrSwEiojzifh eH&udk azmufcaomfvnf; oGm;vkaomaMumifh eH&udk wkucuf ykwcwf f dk f H JG d H d f dk f avonf/ xkYd aMumifh ]]arwmyGg;rIudk aSUoGm;yojzifh &m*u vSnpm;wwfonf}}[k aewt|uxm jyqkxm;ay hf d d onf/ (#Dum)
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1-aS;OD;pGm .... rdrdomvQif yGg;aptyf\-[k pyfyg/
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1-ted,wfEihf ed,wfudk waygif;wnf;y jyefxm;onf/ aemuf 2-0gusvnf; enf;wlyif/ S
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251
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1-ESm 475-rSwcsuf enf;wlyif/ f
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1-vufonf;uGi;twGi;Sd teufonf edyZmayaEm-[laom rlut& jzpfonf/ f f JG 2-ZmPkyxH-[lonfum; (ZmPl[) 'l;wkYd jzifh (*EAr*) oGm;tyfaom vrf;uk/ tZyxH-[lonfum; d H d (taZ[d) qdwfwkdYjzifh (*EAr*H) o ;tyfaomvrf;okYd -[k zGijhf yaom r[meda'o t|uxm (242)ESitnDjyefaom m G hf teuf jzpfonf/ rwfrwf&yfvsuf oGm;&ef rjzpfEi&m 'l;axmuf oGm;&ouJoYdk 0efwifEm; 0efwifjrif;wkYd jzifh dk f h G roGm;Ekiaom awmifurf;yg;apmufvrf; qdwrm 0efwif oGm;tyfonfudk qkonf jzpf&m\/ d f f S d
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1-oDrm-e,fy,f tyki;tjcm; + oar' - ysujf cif; = oDrmoar' -rdrd olwyg;ponfjzifh tuefYtowf d f e,fy,f ysujf cif;? 4-OD;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk csrf;omapvkaomtm;jzifh nDrQaompdwjdS cif;yif jzpfonf/ d f
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1-tpGr;tm;jzifh .... arwmESiwuG jzpfaompdwjf zifh .... jzefYae\-[k pyfyg/ f hf 2-ygVdr&if;ukd xkwjf yjcif;onf aemufjyvwHaom tzGiEihf wkuqiMf unf&ef jzpfonf/ l h hf S d f dk h
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1-tpGr;tm;jzifh .... arwmESiwuGaompdwjf zifh .... jzefYae\-[k pyfyg/ f hf
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1-ygVdpmtkywYdk {uH-[k wyk'wnf;Sonf? {uaruH-[k Soifonf tm;avsmfpm jyefxm;onf/ f f d d h G
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1-xkYd twl .... y#dord'gr*f a[mxm;aom trsKd;rsKd;taxGaxG arwmyGg;jcif;onfvnf;-ponfEihf pyfyg/ S
252
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1-ykoPmef-ponf wlojzifh wifpm;ac:aom trnfonf twif kVD rnf\? 0g;ES;jzifh yvkyxm;aom H D f ,yfudk wmv0Pxef;Gu,yf[k ac:ouJoYdk yif/ &m*Saomyk*Kd vfwYdk vnf; cEmig;yg; Sonf? &m*uif;aom f h d d &[EmwkYd vnf; cEmig;yg;Sonf? okYd cEmig;yg; Sycsif;wlaomaMumifh &[EmwkYd uvnf; twifVtm;jzifh d d Hk dk k D ow-ow0g[k ac:onf/ xkYd jyif ac:a0:aeusjzpf wGiaeaom trnfonf twGiVrnf\? oifMum;jyo f f k D ay;aomoludk q&m[k ac:Mu\? xkoonf oifMum;jyorIrS &yfp aejim;aomfvnf; xkoudk q&m[k ac:wGif d l J d l aejcif;rsKd;yifwnf;/ ow [laom a0g[m&onfvnf; &m*SpOfu ac:wGiaeaomaMumifh &m*uif;aom d f &[EmwkYd vnf; ow-ow0g[lyif ac:wGiNf rJ ac:wGiaeavonf? twGiVtm;jzifh ac:qk&jcif;aywnf;/ f f k D d 2-owG*PEihf ,SOjf cif;aMumif-[l&m Ak'ac: todPfonfif; vkYH v0D&,onfif; Oomac: tylaiGU k f S h d d awaZmonfif; owG*Prnf\? xkowG*PEihf ,SOjf cif;aMumifh ow-ow0grnfue\? Oyrm-kaom tqif; k f d k f S k f d *kPEihf ,SOjf cif;aMumifh ykq;ukd tk[k ac:qktyfouJoYdk aywnf;/ (#Dum) ouw ow ygVd ow jrefrm f S dk d d h ow0g- trnfwYdk onf t&wlyif jzpfonf/ tvktm;jzifh *kPypm [k qk&ma&muf\/ d l d
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1-yki&JoYdk +*va&mufwwfonf=yk*v-i&JoYdk a&mufwwfo-i&Juswwfo-[k wkuutm;jzifh teuf H l l d f dk f &\/ okYd aomfvnf; ow0g [lorQukyif yk*v-yk*Kd vf[k ac:onf/ #Dumum; ]]yl&P-jynfapwwfaomaMumifh d h if; *ve-avsmuswwfaomaMumifif; yk*v rnfue\[k o'gq&mwkYd u qkMd u\/ csJUjytHow0gwkYd onf h k f h b0opf jzpfuevwfaomf xkxdk ow0gtaygif;ukd jynfapukeouJoYdk SMd u\/ cyfor;aom tckutwefY k f d h f h d f d f aovsuf uswwfMuaomaMumifh avQmuspawwwfue\ - um; yl& + *v= yk+*vwkYd \ teufaywnf;}}[k k k f wenf;zGijhf yxm;\/ xkd tvdtm;jzifh yl&-yk-jynfapwwfonf+*v-avsm uswwfonf=yk*v-jynfapwwf k h h avsmuswwfo-[k qk&m\/ tqkonf ow0gtm;vk;ESihf oufqiay\/ l d d H dk f
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1-ow-t& wyfrufr-&m* Sol wkYd uom ,lvQif &m*uif;aom &[EmwkYd useaeaomaMumifif;? I d dk f h ygP-t& toufowYdk uom ,lvQif toufraom jA[mwkYd usefaeaomaMumifif; okYd ponfjzifh ow0g l dk h tm;vk;okYd ra&mufaomaMumifh tyki;tjcm; rSaomtm;jzifh ow0g tm;vk;ukd arwmjzefYjcif; rjzpf[k qkv\/ H d f d H d dk
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1-okdY jzefY&mvnf; .... xkdxkd xifSm;Sdaomyk'\ tpGr;tm;jzifh arwmukd jzefYtyf\-[k pyfyg/ f f 2-okYd jzefYvsufvnf; arwmpsmefwyg; jzpfonf[k qkv\/ d dk 3-AsmAm"&[dwm-[laom ygXfreudk ,l jyefonf/ oDrl #Dum AsmAm"&[dwmwd a'gre AsmAm"& S f [dwm-[k ygXfrSef Sd\/ AsmAm"-ESihf AsmyZ 2-yk'v; qif;&Ja[mcsnf;yif/ t&mum; a'gre-[laom f Hk AsmAm"rS uif;ukeonf-[k #Dum zGijhf yaomaMumifh pdwqif;&J uif;onfuom qkvonf? xkYd aMumifh (pdw)jzifh f f dk d dk f txl;y jyefxm;onf/ AsmAm" AsmyZyk'wYdk \ tqk;tjzwfudk tus,fovvQif r[m#Dum ed, 'kw,wGJ ESm f H d dk d 329? 334 atmufajc rSwcsufrsm;ukd Munfyg/ f h
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1-C-ESihf 'kuy'wYdk onf uk,qif;&J pdwqif;&J 2-rsKd;vk;ukd a[m\/ okYd aomfvnf; pdwqif;&J k f d f f H f uif;ap&ef jzefYaom tAsmyZm-yk'Eihf ,SOwvsujf yaom t&mjzpfaomaMumifh t&m <uif;aom uk,qif;&J f S f JG d f ukom &nfonf[k ,l&m\/ d
253
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1-<uif;aom tjcm;yk*Kd vfwYdk [lonfrm arwmapawm0drwudk r&aom olwYdkaywnf;-[k zGijhf yaom S k d #DumESitnD jyefcsufjzpfonf/ okYd aomf Ak'gEkwd ponfudk yGg;rsm;aom olwYdk onfif;? tjcm;psmefudk &aom hf olwYdk onfif; csrf;ompGm tdy&jcif; tmedoifudk &oifonfom jzpfaomaMumifh bm0em wyg;yg;ukrQ yGg;apjcif; f h d rSaom olwYdk uomvQif ,loifay\/ d dk h
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1-cspftyfaomoludk ukPmyGg;&ef oem;&ef tm;xkwaomoltm; cspftyfo\ tjzpfonf aS;OD;tp f l ruif;Eki?f cspftyfo\tjzpf ruif;vQif ukPmukd yGg;apjcif;onf tb,frm jzpfEiygtHenf;/ xkYd aMumifh d l S dk f h ]]cspftyfol\ t&momvQif wnf\-[k t|uxmq&m rdeYf qayonf/ (#Dum) <uif;aom yk*Kd vfwYdk vnf; dk enf;wlyif od&efvnf; xk#um nTejf yxm;onf/ d D 2-'klaywH-\ teufjzpfonf? raumif;qk;0g;onfh tajctae-[lonfrm rsujf riftm;jzifh d S raumif;aom tajctaeukif; raumif;rI 'kpkuwYdk uif; ,l&m\/ #Dum um,'kpkuf ponfwYdk Eihf jynfpHk d d f dk d S h oludk 'kayw-[k zGijhf y\/ l
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1-cspftyfoyif jzpfjim;aomfvnf; TiaomrsufEmSjd cif; aS;OD;pGm EIwquf ajymqkwwfjcif; em;0if l f S f d csKdatmif ajymwwfjcif; 0rf;ajrmufnnwatmif ajymwwfjcif; tpSaom *kPx;rsm;ESihf rjynfpvQifaomfif; D G f d f l h Hk csr;omESihf jynfpjHk cif; tpSaom 0rf;ajrmufz,Eihf rjynfpaomfif; cspftyfaomolyif jzpfaomfvnf; rk'wm\ f h d G f S h Hk d eD;aom taMumif;rjzpf? tqkyg *kPx;rsm;ESihf jynfp Tivef; 0rf;ajrmufaeol jzpfygrl cspftyfaom olvnf; d f l h Hk f rk'wm yGg;Ekicihf Sao;\/ #DumrS, tusOf;jycsuf jzpfonf/ d d f G d l
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1-wwd,psmefrS x .... tjypfukd INyD;vQif .... tmedoifukdvnf; IjrifNyD;vQif .... vspfvsLI Oayumukd jzpfaptyf\-[k pyfyg/ 2-arwmonf &m*\ teD; jzpf\? ukPmonf umr*kPudk rSaom ESv;romrI\ teD; jzpf\? f D Hk rk'wmonf umr*kPudk rSaom 0rf;omrI\ teD; jzpf\? xkYd aMumifh arwmponfwYdk\ xkuonftm;avsmfpm d f D d f h G rke;jcif; cspjf cif;\ teD; jzpfyudk odtyf\/ wenf;um; xko;yg;vk;yif ]]csrf;omMuygap qif;&JrS vGwMf uygap f Hk d Hk H 0rf;ajrmufMuygap}}[k ESv;oGi;vsuf tpD;tyGg;ukd vkvm;jcif; oabmSaomaMumifh cspfjcif;ESie;\? rdrtvkd Hk f d d hf D d twki; rjzpfonfudk taMumif;y a'gre a'gowkYd vnf; jzpfEiue\? xkYd aMumifh arwm ukPm rk'wm d f dk f k f d ok;yg;vk;yif rke;jcif; cspjf cif; 2-yg;vkH;\ teD; jzpfMuonf[k odtyfay\/ #DumrS, tusOf;jycsufyif H H f l jzpfonf/
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1-rZw0aoe-\ teufjzpfonf? rZ|0aoe-[k SdvQif omoifh\? tv,fwnfonf\ tpGr; f tm;jzif-[k teufjyef&m\/ h
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1-cspjf cif;a[m rd'-"mwf+w-ypn;jzifh arwm-[k NyD;onf/ f 2-rdw-rdwaqG+P-rS t-jzpfonf=arwm-rdwaqG jzpfaom csr;omapvkjd cif;/ f f f
254
3-rdw-rdwaqG\+P-rS t-csr;omapvkonfh jzpfjcif;=arwm-rdwaqG\ csr;omapvkonfh jzpfjcif;? f f d f f d 0g-csr;omapvkjd cif;/ f 4-u&-"mwf+Oe-ypn;jzifh (e-ukd P-y) ukPmyk'f NyD;onf (PGm'd)/ pdwEv;ukd wkeapwwfaom f f S Hk f oem;jcif;[k qkv\/ d dk 5-ud&- "mwf + Oe - ypn;jzifh NyD;onf? olwyg;\ qif;&Judk y,fvaom oem;jcif;[k qkv\/ f dk d dk 6-ud& "mwf+OP-ypn;jzifh NyD;onf? qif;&J a&mufaeolwYdk jzefYtyfaom oem;jcif;[k qkv\/ f d dk
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1-rk'-"mwf+w-ypn;wkYd jzifh NyD;onf? rk'wmESihf jynfpaom olawmfaumif;wkYd omvQif olwyg; csr;om f d h Hk f jynfponfudk 0rf;ajrmufEiue\? xkYd aMumifh rk'wmonf xkoYdk 0rf;ajrmuf&m tultnDjzpf ,if;ukd h Hk dk f k f d d 0rf;ajrmufaMumif;[k qkonf/ d
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1-rZ|mum&-[k SvQif om oifaomaMumifh xkygXft& jyefonf/ rZwmum&-[laom S&if;twki; d h d d d f jyefvQif tv,f tvwf oabmtjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jzpf\/
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1-ukPmyGg;ykudk jy&m ]]tay0 emr rrSm 'kum rkap,s-qif;&JrS vGwygrl aumif;avpG}}[k H f BuHpnfyHk oabmrsK;ukomjycJ\? ,ck trsm;rSm EIwwufaeouJoYdk ]]'kum rkpw-qif;&Jrvwygap? 'kum rkpEK d d h f h k S G f qif;&JrS vGwMf uygap}}[k awmifwonftaejzifh ukPm yGg;ykuum; rjycJay? okYd aomfvnf; t&m jyxm; h h H dk h aom txufyg pum;t&jzifh ]]qif;&JrS vGwygap? vGwMf uygap}}[k ukPmyGg;ykrsm;ukvnf; toiftavsmfyif[k f H d h rSw,tyfayonf/ f l 2-rk'wmyGg;ykudk jy&m ]]ta[m om"k ta[m ok|K-aMomfaumif;ygaypG aumif;ygaypG}}[k 0rf;ajrmufyHk d H ukom jycJ\? ,ck trsm;rSm EIwwufaeouJoYdk ]],xmv'orwawm rm0d*pEK -& xm;NrJwi;aom pnf;pdrf d h f h d dk f csrf;omrS ruif;uGm rqkw,wMf uygapvif}h }[k 0rf;ajrmufvsuf awmifwonfh taejzifh rk'wmyGg;ykuum; f k h d H dk rjycJay? okYd aomfvnf; t&m jyxm;aom txufyg pum;t&jzifh ]]&-NrJwi;aom pnf;pdrcsr;omrS ruif;uGm h dk f f f rqkw,wMf uygapvif}h }[k rk'wmyGg;ykuvnf; toiftavsmfyif rSw,tyfayonf/ f k d H dk h f l 3-okYd qifjcifvsufjzpfaom .... Ijrifjcif;-[k pyfyg/
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1-teuf 2-ckonf obm*0dobm*wm,-[k Sdaom ygXf\ teufjzpfonf/ aemuftyk'wYdk vnf; d f enf;wlyif/
255
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1-wwd,teufonf jynfre, awGU&aom obm00dobm*wm,-[laom ygXf\ teufjzpf l d onf/ xkjd ynfre, obm00dobm*wm,-arwmoabm\ Asmyg'oabmESihf rwlonf\ tjzpfaMumif?h 0gl d arwmoabmESihf Asmyg'oabm rwlMuonf\ tjzpfaMumif?h 0g-oabmtm;jzifh rwlMuonf\ tjzpfaMumif-[k h ok;eufjyefxm;avonf/ aemuftyk'wYdkvnf; enf;wlyif/ oD[Vr#um obm00dobm*wm, [lonfum; H d f kd f l D (obm0) oabm\ (obma0e 0g) wenf;oabmESihf (odobm*wm,) rwlaomtzkYd jdS cif;-oabm rwljcif;aMumif-[k zGijhf yxm;vsuf Sonf/ txufyg teufonf #Dum wenf;tzGiEihf tnDyif/ h d hf S 2-edAa,e pk;&draMumufUHG jcif; uif;vsu-[lonfum; (tmEkuFe y&douFaee) aMumufvefYjcif; d f f GUH Smjcif; uif;vsu?f arwmonf (&ifusuojzif) axmufwnf&m &vwfaomf (if;uk) rzsuq;Ekif aumif;aom h f h d f D d aMumif-[k qkv\/ ( #Dum ) arwm tm;aumif; axmufwnf&m&aomtcg Asmyg' jzpfrnfudk rpk;&dr&awmhNyDh d dk d f [k qkv\/ xkYd aMumifyif arwmukvnf; yGg;apvwH-ponfjzifh rpk;&dr&jcif;\ taMumif;ukd jyxm;ayonf/ d dk h d h d f
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1-aomwmyef ou'g*grf tem*grf aouy*Kd vfrsm;onf udavomwkYd udk wpdwf wyki;tm;jzifh k d f atmifEiNf yD; rnf\? xkoYdk aom aouy*Kd vf r[kw[k qkv\/ dk d k f d dk 2-&[Emonf y#doaE0ygufudk atmifEiNf yD; jzpfonf? xkYd aMumifh pum;jzifh &[Emr[kw[k odap\/ d dk f 3-0dyema,m*Donf tmkwYdk \ tjypf tmkHukd rIrodrI arm[\ tjypfwYdkudk jrifornf\? xkYd aMumifh H l pum;jzifh 0dyema,m*Dvnf; r[kw[k odap\/ f 4-Mum;emrSwom;bl;aom w&m;pmayonf tm*rokw-tMum;rnf\? tm;xkw uk,wiawGU odjrifrI f f d f dk f onf t"d*rokwrnf\? txl;tm;jzifh r*fzveAmefudk odraywnf;? if;ukd tjrif[qonf? xkoYdk aom dk f d l k dk d tMum;ESitjrif rSo[k qkv\/ hf d l d dk
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1-tZ|muma&e-[k SoifaomygXfudk ajrm jyefonf/ d h f
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1-tZwH - [lonfum; a*gp&Zw ]]ur|mef;tmk}}[k qkv\/ (#Dum) H d dk
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2-pdwonf wnfvwH-[lonfum; tjyifytmkrsm;okYd rysHUvGiyJ wckwnf;aom tmkonf\tjzpf f h H hf H dS wnfvwH?h xkYd aMumifyif aumif;pGm wnfayonf/ (#Dum) jrefrmvkd tacsmtm;jzifh jy&vQif ]]wnf&rnf aumif;pGm h wnf&rnf}}[k t"d|mefy usif&rnf[k qkv\/ h d dk 3-tukovw&m;wkYd u pdwudk aqmif,om;onf [lonfrm ukovpwf jzpfcir&yJ tukovw&m; dk f f l G S dk f d G hf dk f wkYd Eihf waygif;wnf; tukovpwcsnf; jzpfom;onfudk qkonf? xkYd aMumifh (pdwy&d,m'g,) pdwudk tukef S dk f d f G d H f aqmif, -[l&m ukovf pdwudk ukeap-[k t|uxmwkYd zGijhf yayonf? t"dyg,waywnf;/ l dk f f 4-t&m ed,uZwmaoe-ed,uZw tvktm;jzif-[k Sd\? ed,uZw[onfrm yk*Kd vftoD; d h l S toD;\ oEmefSaom kyemrfw&m;yif/ xktvktm;jzifh rdr\ uk,wi;w&m;ukd Ivsuf wnfaom orm"dudk d f d d d d f G f ,l&ayvdrrnf/ okYd aomf t&m twGi;w&m;jzpfap? tjyifw&m; jzpfap ur|mef;tmkH [lorQukd ,loif\? hf f h xkYd aMumifh #Dum tZw-yk'udk a*gp&Zw rnfaom ur|mef;tmk-[k zGicNhJ yD;vQif t&m t|uxmwGif H f H hf Saom ygXfudk ]]pdawu*wmonf rdroEmef twGi;0ifaomaMumifh ed,uZwmaoe-[k qkaMumif;}} Si;jy\/ d d f d f okYd aomf ed,uZwr[kwaom pdawu*wm[l rSaomaMumifh xkd Si;csufuvnf; oabmus&ef cJ,Of;\/ f d f dk xkYd aMumifh 0do'r*fvnf; t&mwGif a*gp&Zw0aoe[lyif rlvu Sconfjzpf&m\/ k d d hJ
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1-pdawu*wmrawm-pdw\ wckwnf;aom tmkjdS cif;rS jzpfaom (orm"d) [lonfum; bm0emukd f H tm;xkwaomolonf &NyD;umrQjzpf tvGeaumif;pGm ryGg;ap&ao;aom (orm"me) wnfMunfjcif;-orm"d f f aywnf;? if;ukd aemuf jyqkrnfh orm"dtxl;wkYd \ rlvtaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh rlvorm"d[k qkayonf/ d d pdawu*wmrQ jzpfaom orm"dudk cPduorm"d[k tvktyf\? (tb,fuJoYdk enf;[lr) (]]ur|mef; d dS h l tmk[aom) tZwomvQif (igonf) pdwudk aumif;pGm wnfap\ aumif;pGmaeap\ wrsK; wnf;aom H l f d wnfMunfyHk tyki;tjcm; Sonfudk (0g-tyki;tjcm;Satmif) y\ aumif;pGmxm;\}} okdY tpSdaom a'oem d f d d f d wkYd uJoYdk aywnf;/ Oyrmjzifh xifpmjytHh - ]]&[ef;wkYd ig\ 0D&,onf tm;xkwNf yD; jzpfcNhJ yD rwGeYf rqkwcNhJ yD/y/ h G d f pdwudk aumif;pGmxm;tyfcNhJ yD wckwnf;aom tmkcNhJ yD}}[k rdeYf qawmfrNl yD;aemuf ]]umrwkYd rS uif;qdwomvQif/ f H dS dk f y/ yxrpsmefoYdk a&mufaecJNh yD}} okYd tpSaom pum;ukd a[mawmfraomaMumifh wyg;aom a'oemwkYd vnf; d l aS;OD;pGm a[mxm;aom pdawu*wmukd cPdu orm"d[k odtyfouJoYdk xkYd twlyif Mo0g'a'oemvnf; h (]]ig\ pdwonf wnfvwHh }} ponfjzifh a[mxm;aom pdawu*wmrQ orm"dudk cPduorm"d[k odtyf f ayonf/) (#Dum)
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1-jA[0[m&av;yg;wkYd \ .... tmEkabmf txl;ukd-[k pyfyg/ d
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1-#DumESitnD ow'u-[laom ygXfom oifonf/ hf k H h
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1-jrefrmrl 0do'r*f orwocawm 0g rm 0drpEK -[k Sd\? &NyD;aom csr;omrS rvGwygapukevif-[k k d k k f f f h jyef&m\/ ,k;',m;rlum; rm 0drpEK -t&m rm 0d,Zo-Sd\? xkygXft& jyefxm;aom teufjzpfonf/ ygXf d k k H k d teufudk axmufqaom tm;jzifvnf; ,xmv'orwawm rm 0d*pEK -[laom rk'wmyGg;ykH ygXfoifaMumifh h d d h odtyf\/
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1-teufonf t0dZrme*[aP 'u-[laom oD[Vrt& jyefxm;csuf jzpfonf/ H dk f l
257
2-vnf; t0dZrme*[P'upw - [laom oD[Vrt& jyefcsufyif jzpfonf/ d dk f l 3-uif;jcif;[laom .... tbm0ynwf-[k pyfyg/
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1-tvkaom yk*Kd vfonf ... tjypfudk IjrifNyD;vQif ... wyg;yg;aom uokP; pwkwpsmefudk jzpfap\d dS d f [k pyfyg/ 2-ukZlay - [laom yk'udk o'geuf twdtusjyefvQif okuaoG;aMumifjh zpfaom ky-[k jzpf\/ f f f okYd aomf ]]qkcorQaom tjypfwYdk \ wnf&mtjzpftm;avsmfaom kyudk jyjcif;iSg u&Zlay-[kqonf? Murf;wrf; d hJ f dk aom kyf-um; qkvaom teufjzpfonf}}[k #Dum zGijhf yxm;aomaMumifh xkEitnD txufygtwki; d dk d S hf d f odv,aom teufudk jyefxm;onf/ G f
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1-Murf;wrf;aom uk,aumifyudk vGeajrmufNyD; jzpfayonf? tb,faMumifenf;? xkyudk tmkryjcif; d f k f f h h d k f H aMumifaywnf;/ okYd jzpfvQif pwkwpsmef\tpGr;jzif-[k tb,faMumifh qkoenf;? yXrpsmef ponfwYdkonfvnf; h f h h d y#dbm*edrwudk tmkH yMuaomaMumifh xkd Murf;wrf;onfh uk,aumifyudk tmkryonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifyif d f d f k f H f h jzpfMuonf r[kwygavm/ tmkryMu[laom pum;onf rSeay\? okYd aomfvnf; keYf &if;aom t*Fgukd f H f y,fjcif;aMumifh Nidroufaom oabmSaom tmaeOtjzpfoYdk a&mufaom pwkwpsmefjzifh vGeajrmufvQif f d f aumif;pGm vGeajrmufonf rnfay\? xkYd aMumifh pwkwpsmef\ tpGr;tm;jzif-[k qkayonf/ ( #Dum ) f f h d
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1-acG;waumif;onf awmxJ 0ufu yufvuumrQjzifh ajy;av\? xkacG;onf tqif;ukaumif;aumif; dk f d d rjrifEionfh arSmif&aecse xrif;csut;ukd ta0;rS jrifvwfaomf 0uf[k xifaomaMumifh aMumufvefYvsuf dk f D d f f dk ajy;avowwf/ wapaMumufwwfaom vlwa,mufonf nOftzkYd roGm;bl;ao;aom t&yf0,f vnfqpf h jywfaeonfh xef;yifudk jrifvwfaomf ajrbkwwap[k xifaomaMumifh aMumufvefYvsuf rde;armawGa0um f f vnf;usoGm;avowwf/ xkudk &nf qkonf/ (#Dum) d d 2-xkdpsmef .... tjypfukd Ijrif\-[k pyfyg/
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1-pum;&yfwYdk rQ-[laom pum;onf au0vH-oufouf[aom pum;twGuf vJv, jyxm;aom l S f pum;jzpfonf/
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1-teuf tm;avsmfaom 0pewudk pmyk'eygwf 280 ESm-566 rSwcsuf 1- awGU&vwH/ d f H f h
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1-xkda,m*D&[ef;onf .... twlyif .... IvsufaecJhNyD;vQif .... y,fSm;vkdufvQif .... Ijrifvsuf aeay\ -[k pyfyg/
258
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1-oAaom yk'fukd 2-enf; zGijhf yonf/ yXrenf;t&tm;jzifh ]]cyfor;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh vGeajrmuf d f f jcif;aMumif}h }[k pyf ,l&m\? 'kw,enf;t&tm;jzifh ]]tvk;pkueaom lyonmwkYd u}dk }[k pyf ,l&m\/ d H H k f
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1-ly-yk'+-ypn;jzifh NyD;aom ly-yk' ly-aemif psme-ukd acsazsmufxm;onf/ xkYd aMumifh xkyf f D f d l yk'jf zifh lypsmef [laom teufudk jyonf/ okYd jzpf ly-yk'udk lypsmefaomol lypsmefudk &aomol-[k D f dS teufjyef&onf/ 2-uodPlyged-[k qkoif&m uodP-ukd acsazsmuf lyged-[k qkxm;onf? xkYd aMumifh lyged-ukd d h d uokdPf;kyfwkdYukd-[k teufjyef&onf/ 3-lypsmeonm[k qkoif&m lyonm-[k qkxm;onf? xkYd aMumifh lyonm-[laom yk'udk lypsmef d h d f onm-[k teufjyef&onf/ onmukd y"mey acgif;wyf qkxm;aom pum;jzpfaomaMumifh xkyonmd d l [laom yk'jf zifh lypsmefuyif t&aumuf,&onf[k qkv\/ dk l d dk
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1-lyonm-yk' onm-ukd trnfa[m[k ,l lytrnfaom 0g-ly-ky[aom trnfEihf pyfaom f dS f l S 0g-ky[k ac:qktyfaom uokP;ukvnf; lyon-[k qdaMumif; jyonf/ A[kA[0pewjzifh NyD;onf? ygVd f d d f d k D d wwfowYdk \ t&mom jzpfonf/ l
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1- yk'jf zifh lyg0p&ukovonmwkYd \ jzpf&myk*Kd vfudk jyonf/ dk f 2-yk'jf zifh lyg0p&0dygufonmwkYd \ jzpf&myk*Kd vfudk jyonf/ xky*Kd vfrm y#doaE b0if pkwcPwkYd d k S d xkd lyg0p&0dygufonm jzpfonf/ 3-yk'jf zifh Bud,monmwkYd \ jzpf&myk*Kd vfudk jyonf/
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1-emem-txl;xl;aom-trsKd;rsKd;aom + tw - oabmSdaom tmkH+onm - jzpfaomonm = emewonm - txl;xl;trsKd;rsKd;aom oabmSonfh tmkjzpfaom onm/ d H 2-emem-txl;xl;aom-trsKd;rsKd;aom+tw-oabmSaom+onm-trSwonm=emewonm-txl;xl; d f trsKd;rsKd;aom oabmSaom trSwonm/ d f 3-a[mxm; (tyf) ukeaom .... qkvdk (tyf) ukefaom .... onmwkdYonf[k pyfyg/ f d
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1-ukov0dyguf or#pKd if; 1? oE&P 2? r[m0dyguf 8-wkYd yif jzpfonf/ d D 2-tukov0dyguf or#pKd if;ESihf oE&PwkYd yif jzpfonf/ d D
259
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1-e-tef-rSd+tE-tqk; tyki;tjcm;=teE-tqk; tyki;tjcm;rSaom aumif;uif/ Oyg' 0,H d f H d f d jzpfjcif; ysufjcif;ukd tqk;tyki;tjcm;[k qkonf/ okYd aomf psmefonf omoemy-umvESivnf; oufqiaom H d f d hf dk f aMumifif;? xkd omoemy y&rwfw&m;wkYd \ Oyg' 0,ukd odMurnf r[kwaomaMumifif; avmua0g[m&tvkd h f h tqk;rSjd cif; teufvnf; oifouJoYdk Say\/ H h h d
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1-ESv;oGi;tyfaom tmumojzifh uokP;kyudk cGgtyf\/ xkoYdk cGgaMumif; jzpfaomaMumifh xkd Hk f d f f d tmumoonf uodP*g#dr rnf\/ (#Dum) tzGiEitnD uokP;kyudk cGgaMumif;jzpfaom[k twdtus k hf S hf d f f jyefoifaomfvnf; xkteufudk ygVdrwwfowYdk em;vnf&ef cufaomaMumifhif;/ uodP O*ga#m-uokdPf;kyf h d l ukd cGgjcif;onf uodP*g# rnf\/ xkd uodP;kyudk cGgjcif;jzifh NyD;pD;aom tmumoonf uodP*g#dr rnf\ k k f f k [k okYd 0pewyvnf; NyD;oifaomaMumifif; txufygtwki; jyefxm;onf/ h h d f 2-ESv;oGi;jcif; tpGr;tm;jzifvnf;-[lonfum; ky\uif;jcif; kyrSjd cif;rQudk ,ljcif;jzifh (jzpfjcif; Hk f f h f f ysujf cif;) tyki;tjcm;ukd r,ljcif;aMumifh teE-tqk;tyki;tjcm; rS[k jzefYaom (ESv;oGi;aom) tjcif;t&m d f H d f d Hk f tm;jzifh jzpfaom y&duH ESv;oGi;rI\ tpGr;tm;jzifvnf; ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) Hk f f h d dk
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1-0do'r*f tm,we-yk'\ teufudk wnf&m[koap&ef t"d|mea|e-wnf&m[laom teufaMumif[k k d f d h zGijhf yxm;\/ um;wnf&m tm,we[k teuf jyefxm;aomaMumifh xkd tzGiy'f rvkawmhay? xkYd aMumifh hf k d xky'udk >cif;csefxm;onf/ d k f
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1-aemuf jyvwHaom om"uygVdif;? ,if;\ tzGiif; teEH 0dnmPE[k SaomaMumifh vnf; h hf d d tteEH 0dnmPH teEH 0dnmPE[k Soif\/ xkdokdYSdvQif ]]tqkH;tykdif;tjcm;rSdaom 0dnmPf tqkH;tykdif;tjcm; d d h rSaom 0dnmPf}}[k okYd jyef&m\/ d 2-teEH teE-[lonfum; oufouf teEH teE-[k ESv;roGi;tyf ryGg;aptyf? teEH 0dnmPH teEH H H Hk f 0dnmPH-[lrlum; ESv;oGi;tyf\? 0dnmPH 0dnmPH-[l aomfvnf; ESv;oGi;tyf\? (#Dum) t&m teEH Hk f Hk f teE-[l oufouf ESv;roGi;tyf [laom pum;ukd axmufvQif aSUem;u ESv;oGi;yk teEH 0dnmPH teEH H Hk f Hk f H 0dnmPE-[k rlv&if;ygXfc[ef wlayonf/ d dS hJ
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1-pum;jzifh t|uxm ESm 321-wwd,tyk'f aemufq; 3-aMumif; qkconfudk jyef nTe;onf d Hk d hJ f [lif; wenf;tm;jzifh r&Pwdt&m pmyk'eygwf 117- jycJonfudk jyefnTe;onf [lif; #Dum d f H h f zGijhf y\? atmufygrSm wenf;zGijhf yaomaom xk#um\ jrefrmjyef jzpfonf/ d D wenf;tm;jzifh tyemjzpfyenf;-[lonfum; oabmw&m;jzpfaom tmkaomfvnf; psmef\tyemjzpfyHk Hk H enf;ukd ]]tmkudk vGeajrmufaom bm0em\ tpGr;tm;jzifh tlypsmefonf tyemokYd a&muf\? rSeay\-tyemokYd H f f f a&mufNyD;om; jzpfaompsmef\ atmufpsmeftmkudk vGeajrmufjcif;rQonf xktxuftlypsmef tyemokYd a&muf&m H f d jzpfayonf}}[k r&Pwdea'o qkcNhJ yD;aom enf;jzifh odtyf\/ (#Dum) twkcsKyftm;jzifh qkvonfrm d d d d dk S txufpsmef\ tyem a&mufjcif;onf atmufpsmef\ tmkudk pGeYf tmktopf ouf0ifjcif;rQom jzpfonf[k H H qkv\/ d dk
260
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1-pmuk, tm'De-[k qkaomfvnf; tm'Do-SvQif om pum;acsmaomaMumifh txufygtwki; d f d d k d d f tm"m&teuf jyefxm;onf/
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1-aS; teE tmumoukd tmkH yjcif;tvktm;jzifh yXrtly 0dnmPfudk 'kw, tly[laom rdr\ d d d jzefYy-IyHk tjcif;t&mjzifomvQif teE-[k ESv;oGi;tyfonf\ tjzpfaMumifh ]]teEH 0dnmPH}}[k qktyfcavNyD? Hk h Hk f d hJ xkYd aMumifh ]]wenf;um;ESv;oGi;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzifh teE rnf\}}[k rdeYf qjdk yefavonf/ t<uif;rJh tvk;pkH Hk f f H tm;jzifh ESv;oGi;jcif;\ tpGr;tm;jzif?h um; qkvaom t"dyg,faywnf;/ (#D) tvktm;jzifh teE-[lonf Hk f f d dk d rSm tuefYtowf tyki;tjcm; rSyJ tqk;rS-tvk;pk-[k qkv\/ d f d H d H H d dk 2-ygVdEihf teuftzGirsm;onf ygVdusrf;wwf yk*Kd vfjrwfBuD;wkYd \ t&momjzpfonf/ tvGef cufcJ S hf eufev\/ J S
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1-ygVdEihf teuftzGirsm;onf ygVdusrf;wwf yk*Kd vfjrwfBuD;wkYd \ t&mom jzpfonf/ tvGecufcJ S hf f eufev\/ J S 2-0dnmP+teE-rS 0dnmPmeEjzpfonf? xkrwzef 0dnmPmeO0nmPO-[k jzpfonf? tqk;rSaom d S d H d 0dnmPf[k teuf&\? ,if;0dnmPO-onf 'kw,tlypsmef\wnf&mtmkjH zpfaomaMumifh 0dnmPOm,we d rnfonf/
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1-xka,m*D &[ef;onf .... twlyif Ivsuf aeNyD;vQif .... Ivsuf .... ae\-[k pyfyg/ d 2-vlwa,mufonf .... awGUjrif NyD;aemuf .... oGm;NyD;vQif .... jyefvm .... wnfvsuf .... wzef Munfvwfaomf .... awGUjrif\.[k pyfyg/ h
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1-ESvkH;oGif; .... ]]NidrfoufpG NidrfoufpG}}[k tzefwvJvJ ESv;oGi;tyf\-[k pyfyg/ Hk f
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1-ukovpsmef\ jzpf&myk*Kd vfudk jyonf/ dk f 2-0dygufpsmef\ jzpf&myk*Kd vfujdk yonf/ ,if; 0dygufpsmefonf y#doaEw0if pkwpwf tjzpfjzifh jzpfonf/ d d 3-Mud,mpsmef\ jzpf&myk*Kd vfudk jyonf/
261
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1-taEm0kwwm-tuy, uk#twGi; aeaptyfNyD;-xm;tyfNyD;jzpfaomaMumif-[laom ygXfteuft& d D f h ay:vGiatmif Nyefxm;onf/ &[ef;wkYd rm axmywfqD ponfudk tuyfcxm;NyD; jzpfvQif xkd naeyki;rSp (7) f S H d f &uftwGi; aq;ok;twGuom ok;aqmifaumif;onf? 'kw, &ufponf qGr;paom ,m0umvduESihf a&m f H f H d f rok;aqmifaumif;/ tuyfrcH&ao;aom axmywfqponfuvnf; tuy,uk# wnrQ odr;xm;vQif qGr; H D dk d D f f paom ,m0umvduESihf a&m rok;aqmifaumif;? t"dyg,fudk &nf jyqkxm;onf/ H d
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1-yuwd0yu [lonfum; yuwd (I;IpOf)tm;jzifh 0dyemIoaywnf;? cEmponfudk aSUoGm; d dk l yojzifh 0dyemukd tptOD; ESv;oGi;cJNh yD; 'Gg& tmkwYdk EiwuG 'Gg&jzpfaom w&m;wkYd udk 0dyemIol Hk f H S hf aywnf;/ (#Dum)
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1-uvmyoroe0aoae0-taygif;vkuf ok;oyfonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifomvQif-[lonfum; pwkwtly d H f h pdwK yg'f twGi;0ifueaom z tpSaom w&m;wkYd udk toD;toD; rcGr waygif;wnf;,lum taygif;vkuf f k f d J l d tm;jzifh ok;oyfonf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh e,0dyem[k qktyfaom uvmyoroe\ tpGrf;tm;jzifh/ /z H f d tpSaom w&m;wkYd udk cGjJ crf; toD;toD; okytm;jzif, tedpponf\ tpGr;tm;jzifh ok;oyfjcif;onf d f h l f H tEky'"r0yem rnf\/ ( #Dum ) d
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1- pkP,ESihf *gxm w0guswnf; a&maeaomaMumifh pkP,taejzifh jyefxm;onf/ d d
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1-wykv\ tcsdefonf 4-usyfom; Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh wykdvfpD;ykqkd;rSm 4-usyfom;? 4-ykvp; ykq;rSm d f d f D d dk 16-usyfom; Sonf-[k rSw&m\/ d f 2-tlyormywfwkdYukd .... ynmSdonf odtyfukef\-[k pyfyg/
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1-vm .... rSDvsuf wnfav\-[k pyfyg/ 2-vm .... BuHawG;NyD;vQif .... od xkdolukdyif rSDvsuf wnfav\-[k pyfyg/
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1-oA'orw -t&yfrsufEm tm;vk;\tSijf zpfaom - 0daooeyk'udk wki;oljynfom; vltaygif;\ d S H f d f aSmifom;p&m tjcm;t&yfrSonf\tjzpfudk jy&ef qkayonf/ (#Dum) G d d
262
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1-edrwteufudk #Dum jyonf? okYd aomf -[laom teufvnf; om acsmouJoYdk aomaMumifh d f h dS ,if;teufudk t&if;cHy jyefxm;onf/ 2-oH,wygVdjrefrmjyef yXrwGJ ESm 309- Munfhyg/ k f
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1-2-if; jrefrmjyef ESm 310- Munfhyg/ 3-if; jrefrmjyef ESm 311- Munfhyg/
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1-tBudrEpq,f ok;q,fwiwi-[laom t&m (trsKd;wl kyemrfwYdk \ tpOf-[laom) oEwd f S f H dk f dk f f ypKye\ tpGr;jzifh tBudrtyki;tjcm;ukd (odtyf\)[k aupd (tcsKUd ) q&mwkYd u qkMd u\/ tya& (wyg;aom) f f f d f q&mwkYd url ylaEG;atmif xkijf cif;jzifh (tBudrf tyki;tjcm;ukd odtyf\)[k qkMd u\/y/ oGm;jcif;rS vl;ayjcif; d d f wkiatmif ESv;oGi;jcif;onf wBudrrnf\? enf;jzifh tBudrEpq,f ok;q,fwiwif ur|mef;ukd ESv;oGi; d f Hk f f f S f H dk f dk Hk f NyD;vQif ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) d dk 2-,lNyD;vQif .... pGefYcJh .... riJhyJ .... GmokdY aS;Iyvsuf oGm;&ygwum;[k pyfyg/
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1-,lNyD;vQif .... pGefYcJh .... riJhyJ .... GmokdY aS;Iyvsuf oGm;&ygwum;[k pyfyg/
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1-wxmlyH-yk'\ teufjzpfonf/ xkoYdk ( zdwoifh ) aom oabmSaom-[lvnf; jyefoif\/ f d f d h
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1-twGi;okYd 0ifvwfaomf .... onf;ajc tmo, vGeuorm-ponfjzifh pyfyg/ f f J l S
263
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1-tjym;Sdaom .... jzpfaeaom .... jzpfaom .... xkdtpmopftdrft&yf [k pyfyg/
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1-xapvsuf .... usifBuD;tjzpfoYdk a&muf -ponfjzifh pyfyg/
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1-t&m *gxmygVdudk xkwjf yef ed,enf;jzifh teufjyefxm;jcif;rSm odem;vnf&ef rcJ,Of;aom aMumifif;? rrsm;vSaomaMumifif;? usufrw qifjcif&ef a[mjy&ef tvkowYdk twGuf tusKd;rsm;apvkaom h h S f d dS l d aMumifif; jzpfonf/ h
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1-rmed 'Gg&med rkcg'De-cHwi; tpSueaom 'Gg&wkYd onf-[k zGijhf yaom #DumESitnD aS;teD; d G f d k f hf rkc'Gg&ukd wkuurjycJaomfvnf; cHwi; tpSaom[k azmf jyefonf/ d f dk f h G f d 2-ym0r*f - usifi,f vrf;aygufudk &nf tcsKdU'Gg&ukd [l qkonf/ (#Dum) d 3-0pr*f - usifBuD;vrf;aygufudk &nf wzef tcsKdU'Gg&ukd [l qkonf/ (#Dum) d 4-tcsKdUpmtkyf e-rygyJ 0d*pww-[k Sd\? roif/ e 0d*pww-[k SaomygXfom oifonf/ xkYd aMumifh D d h D d d h xkygXft& jyefxm;onf/ d
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1-wnfNrJwi; ([k qktyf)aom .... kyu,u-[k pyfyg/ dk f d f dk f dk
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1-&m[kavm0g'okwf [lonfrm rZdryPmoygVd ESm 83- Saom okwudk qkonf/ "mwk0b*Fowf S d f d d k [lonfrm Oy&dyPmoygVd ESm 281- Saom okwudk qkonf/ "mwk0bif;ygVd [lonfrm tbd"rm 0db*FygVd ESm S d f d d S 284- Saom 0dbif;ygVdudk qkonf/ d d 2-w&m;taygif;ukd .... tZw-[lif; .... ypw-[lif; qktyfayonf-[k pyfyg/ d 3-t"d+tw-t"sw-tZw-rdr-rdru, jzpfaom w&m;/ d d dk f 4-ywd ywd+tw-toD; toD;aom rdru,udk pG pG jzpfaomw&m;-rdrd rdr toD; toD;jzpfaom d dk f J J d w&m;-uk,pD uk,i toD;toD;jzpfaom w&m;/ d f d f
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12-jrefrmjyef azmf jyefxm;NyD;jzpfaomaMumifh tzGirsm;onf jrefrmjyeftwGuf tusK;rrsm;? ygVd hf d om tusKd;rsm;onf/
264
3-cufrmjcif; vuPm [lonfrm yx0D"mwf\ oabm&if;aywnf;? xkYd aMumifh 0dyema,m*Donf S yx0D"mwfudk Iaomtcg rmonf [lif;? cufrmonf [lif; rSwtyf-Ityfayonf/ f 4-ig[lif;? toufSifaeol [lif;? ig\Opm-ig\ rsufpponfjzifif;? toufiaeaom d h S f taumif\ Opm-toufSifaeol\rsupd ponfjzifif; pGvrf;Ediaumif;aom ow0g\ uk,wi;w&m; [lorQ f h J k f d f G f ukd Oyg'dE-pGvrf;tyfaom w&m;[k qkonf/ J d
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1-0do'r*f wH-xkonf-[k zGijhf yaomfvnf; ao,sxd'H .... yk' yg0ifaom 'H-ukd iJh k d d f oabmum;-[k jyefxm;onf/ 2-jrefrmjyef um,*wmowdyg;ykH ESm 274 pmaMumif; 3- jycJonfh odr;,lenf;jzifh xnf G h f h a&wGu&ef jyonf/ f 3-wenf;um; ,H 0g yenrd udOd [laom pum;jzifh ygVdawmf OD;aESmufudk odr;,ljcif;ukd rSwtyf\/ f f (#Dum) 4-tmy-o'g\ teufudk jyonf/
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1-tmayg*wH-yk'\ teufudk jyonf/ f 2-pum;&yfjzifh oEyeawaZm [k ac:aom tzsm;Sef tylaiGUukd jyonf/ d 3-pum;jzifh Zd&PawaZmac: tk&ifapaom yuwdtylaiGUukd jyonf/ d h
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1-pum;jzifh tvGeyavmifaom 'g[ awaZmukd jyonf/ f l 2-pum;jzifh ygpuawaZmac: 0rf;rD;tylaiGUukd jyonf/ 3-&o ponf\ tjzpfjzif-[lonfum; &o aoG; tom; tqD taMum tk; k;wGi;jcifqD okuwYdk \ h d d f f tpGr;tm;jzifh ([k qkv\)/ (#Dum) f d dk 4-0da0uH-toD;toD; uGom;jcif;okYd -[lonfum; toD;tjcm; jzpfjcif;okYd tcsi;csi; rwlyJ xl;jcm; J G f f uGjJ ym;jcif;okYd ([k qkv\)/ rSeay\-pm;tyfonfh tpmponf tjym;Saom tm[m&onf ajymif;vJ aususuf d dk f d vwfaomf &o"mwf t&nf"mwf jzpf\? xktpmukd pGr &o"mwfjzpfonf? um;teuf/ twlyif &o d J DS "mwfu ajymif;vJvwfaomf aoG;jzpfonf okYd ponfjzifh tvk;pkudk aqmiftyf odtyf\/ (#Dum) H H
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1-0ga,m yk'\ teufudk jyonf/ avkyf [lonfrm oGm;apwwf wGe;uefwwfaom oabm t[keEihf f S f f S wuG aGUSm;wwfaom oabm[k qkv\/ d dk
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1-taEmy0doeemodu0gawm-yk'\ twdtus jyefcsufjzpfonf/ ESm 350- jyefcaom teufonf f hJ tzGiEivnf; tnDyif/ hf S hf 2-teufvnf; twdtus jyefcsufyifjzpfonf/
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1-cufrmonf\ tjzpf [laomyk'jf zifh (yx0D"mwf\) vuPmukqonf/ rSeay\ - yx0D"mwfonf d dk f cufrmonf\ tjzpfvQif vuPmSayonf/ Murf;wrf;onf\tjzpf [laomyk'jf zifh (IoPftm;) xifaom d d tjcif;t&mukd (qkonf) Pfjzifh ,ltyfaom tjcif;t&mukd (qkonf) um; teuf/ (#Dum) d d
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1-tmayg"mwfonf ,kp;jcif; vuPmSaomaMumifh (N'0bma0g) t&nf\ tjzpfonf vuPm d D d aywnf;/ zGUJ pnf;jcif;onf xifaom tjcif;t&maywnf;/ (#Dum) tzGiudk axmufvQif 0do'r*f N'0bma0g0g hf k d tmAEebma0g 0g-[k tpOfretwki; Soif\/ S f d f d h 2-awaZm"mwfonf tylaiGUoabmSaomaMumifh ylonf\tjzpfonf vuPmaywnf;/ usufapjcif; d onf xifaom tjcif;t&m aywnf;/ (#Dum) tzGiudk axmufvQif 0do'r*f OPSbma0g 0g y&dygpebma0g hf k d 0g-[k tpOfretwki; Soif\/ S f d f d h 3-0ga,m"mwfonf axmufyjhH cif;oabmSaomaMumifh (0dwre) axmufuefjcif;onf vuPmaywnf;/ d (ork'&P) vIyjf cif;-vIyapjcif;onf xifaomtjcif;t&m (Oy|memum&) aywnf;/ Oy|memum&-rnfonfrm D f S "mwfwYdk\ rdrupudk yonf\tpGr;tm;jzifh IoPftm; xifm;ay:aom tjcif;t&maywnf;/ t&m d d f d S vuPmESihf Oy|memum& ESpyg;vk;ukd ,ljcif;-qkjd cif;onf tb,faMumifenf;[lr-yk*Kd vfwkdY\ tZmo, f H h h l aMumifaywnf;/ csJUjytH-"mwfwYkd udk ESv;oGi;vwfaomf tcsKdUyk*Kd vftm; xk"mwfwYdk onf oabmvuPm h h Hk f d tm;jzifh ,ltyfonf\ tjzpfoYdk a&mufue\/ tcsKdUyk*Kd vftm; rdrupudk yaomtm;jzifh (,ltyfonf\ tjzpfoYdk k f d d a&mufue\)? ,if; rdrup yjcif;ukd &o-[k qktyfayonf/ xkvuPm &o ESpyg;wkYd wif "mwfwYdk udk ESv; k f d d d d f G Hk oGi;aom a,m*Donf tm;xkwcgp toD;toD; rdr\ vuPmtm;jzifif;? rdr\ &otm;jzifif; odr;qnf; f f d h d h f \ (0g-Pfjzifh yki;jcm;,l\ )/ (#Dum) d f
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1-odr;qnf;tyfaom .... orm"donf jzpfay:\-[k pyfyg/ orm"dudk ynmu odr;qnf;[lonf f f rSm tmkudk xifvif;pGm odap-ay:apaomtm;jzifh apmifaSmufaxmufyjhH cif;yifwnf;/ H h 2- qkconftwki; "mwfwYdk udk odr;qnf;NyD;vQif ]]uk,x cufrmjcif; okYd r[kwf Murf;wrf;jcif; d hJ h d f f d f J [laom yx0D"mwfonf\/ t&nfjzpfjcif; okYd r[kwf zGUJ pnf;jcif;[laom tmayg"mwfonf S\? yljcif; okYd r[kwf dS d usufapjcif;[laom awaZm"mwfonf S\? axmufuef awmifwif;jcif; okYd r[kwf aGUSm;jcif; aGUSm;apjcif; d h [laom 0ga,m"mwfonf\}}[k okYd vuPmponfwYdk EiwuGomvQif "mwfwYdk udk ESv;oGi;vsuf umvw&m dS S hf Hk f waxmifaomfvnf; tzefwvJvJ qifjciftyf\? ESv;oGi;tyf\? BuHpnfrjI zifh xkEuovkd ESv;oGi;jcif; txl; Hk f S f Hk f BuHpnfrjI zifh vSnywf xkEuovkd tzefzefEv;oGi;jcif;ukd ytyf\/ okYd tzefzef ESv;oGi;aeaom xkd hf S f S Hk f Hk f a,m*D&[ef;tm; vuPmponfwYdk wif tMuif oabmonf aumif;pGm ay:vGivsufxuf\? xkoabmukom G f d d ,l xkrS wyg;aom oabmukd pGeYf vwvsuf xkaumif;pGmxifaom vuPmonf wyg;yg;ESiwuG yx0D"mwf d T f d hf tmayg"mwf okYd tpSonfjzifh ESv;oGi;jcif;ukd jzpfaptyf\/ okYd Ev;oGi;aom a,m*Donfvnf;/y/ d Hk f S Hk f q,fyg;aom reodum&aumovudk avsmpmjzpfaptyf\ (jrefrmjyef pmyk'eygwf 181- jycJonfudk enf;rS; f G d f H h D reodum& aumov q,fyg;jzpfyudk t&m qufjyoGm;onf/ 181-pmyk' jyefMunfyg/) okYd 0D&,ESihf Hk d f h d
266
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1-tMuif taMumif;edrwjf zifh yx0D[k odaomPfEihf yx0D[aom trnfa0g[m&wkYd onf jzpfyg; d S l G uke\? xktodPfEihf trnfwYdk \ jzpfyg;aMumif; edrwonf orm& rnf\/ if;onf tb,fenf; yx0D f d S G d f ponfyifwnf;/ rSeay\-qHyif tpSueaom ESpq,faom aum|mowkYd yx0D[jk zpfaom todPfEihf trnf f d k f f S a0g[m&wkYd onf cufrmjcif;ukp jzpfjcif;aMumifh yx0DvQif jzpfaMumif;edrwue\? xdYk aMumifh xkEpq,faom d JG d f dS k f d S f aum|mowkYd yx0Donf orm&-jzpfyg;aMumif; rnf\? qHyif ponfwYdk xkcufrmjcif; yx0Donf vGeuJ G d f xl;jcm;pGmSaomaMumifh xkd qHyifponfwYdkonf (orm&wkYd EiwuG jzpfMuonf [laom 0pewt&) oorm& d S hf rnfue\/ tmaygaum|moponfwYdk vnf; enf;wlyif/ yx0Dpaom orm&ESiwuG jzpfueaom qHyif k f hf k f ponfwkdY\ (oacFy) tusO;onf oorm& oacFy rnf\/ (#Dum) #Dumtvktm;jzifh orm&[lonfrm f d S yx0Dpaom "mwfav;yg;wnf;? xkd orm&rnfaom yx0D"mwf ponfEiwuGjzpfaom qHyifponfudk oorm&S hf [k ,l xkd qHyif ponfwYdk udk tusOf;tm;jzifh Ijcif;onf oorm& - oacFytm;jzifh Ijcif; rnfonf[k ,l&m\/ (t|uxm q&m\ tvkusrnf rxifay)/ igwkYd \tvktm;jzifh tdr\taqmufttkH opf0g;ponfudk orm& [k d d f qktyfouJoYdk qHyifponfwYdk yg0ifaom yx0Drwyg;aom kytaygif;ukd orm&-[k ,loifrnf xif\/ xkdokdY d h S f h ,lvQif qHyifudk yx0D"mwf[k qkonfrm cufrmjcif; vuPmoufoufuom qkonfr[kw?f yx0Drwyg;aom d S dk d S tjcm;"mwfrsm; kyrsm;[laom orm&-taqmufttkrsm;ukyg yx0D"mwf[k qkjd cif;jzpfaomaMumifh if;qHyif f H d ponfudk oorm& yx0D"mwf-taqmufttkrsm;ESiwuGaom yx0D"mwf[k ac:onf[aom teufonf H hf l tvGeyif ajzmifrwfvay\/ xkdYaMumifh orm&-yx0DponfrS wyg;aom taqmufttkH kyrsm;ESi+o-wuG f h S f hf jzpfaom yx0Dponf = oorm& - taqmufttktjcm;kyrsm;ESiwuGjzpfaom yx0Dpaom"mwfrsm;? if;wdYk udk H f hf tusOf;tm;jzifh Ijcif;onf oorm&oacFyrnf\[k ,l&m\/ (twaemrwd) 2-oorm&-qHyifpaom orm&ESiwuGaom yx0D ponf\+0dbwd-a0befjcif;-tus,=oorm& hf f 0dbw-qHyif ponfEiwuGaom yx0D ponf\ tus,f-um; #DumESitnD teufjzpfonf/ igwkYd \ d S hf hf tvktm;jzifh oorm&0dbw-tjcm;"mwfrsm; kyrsm;[laom taqmufttkrsm;yg yx0Dponfudk a0befjcif; d d f H tus,f-[k teufjyef&m\/ 3-ovuP - cufrmjcif; paom vuPmESiwuGaom qHyifponf\ + oacFy - tusOf; = hf ovuPoacFy - vuPmESihf wuGaom qHyifponf\tusO;/ f 4-ovuP0dbw-vuPmESiwuG qHyifponfudk a0befjcif; tus,f/ d f
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1-wpyOu ponfwYdk udk .... Gwqjdk cif;rS p-[k pyfyg/ f
267
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1-tAsmuawm-yk'\ teufjzpfonf/ ,if;yk'udk ]]tAsmuawm[lonfum; tAsmuwtpk twGi;0if f f f \}}[k t&m #Dumu zGijhf yonf/ #Dum 'kw,wGJ ESm (254) y#dporkyg'ftzGirl ]]emrfw&m;rSm &Hcg ukovf d hf dk ponf\ tjzpfvnf; Sao;\? xkYd aMumifh xkemrfw&m;rS txl;y (cGjJ cm;)&eftvkYd ig tAsmuwypKy|mefonf-[k d d S dS qkayonf/ wenf;um; ]]tapwaem tAsmuawm}} [laom xk"mwk00wmef t&muJoYdk (tem&rPwm) tmkH d d h rSdonf\tjzpf-tmkudk rodwwfonf\ tjzpfudk (tAsmuwypKy|meH-yk') tAsmuw tjzpf[ rSwtyf H f l f ay\}}[l zGijhf yxm;\/ xky#dporkyg'f#um 'kw,tzGiEihf tnD vufonf;uGi;jzifh wenf;jyefxm;onf/ d D d hf S f
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Visuddhimagga 2

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