11

2


2.1: APPLY ADVANCED DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAE AND IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS
2.1.1: Perform Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- USING FORMULA PROVIDED

- Calculations directly using formula
- Form of question y = inverse trigonometric
- Example:
i. y = tan
-1
x u = x
ii. y = sin
-1
5x u = 5x
iii. y = tan
-1
(2x-1) u = 2x-1
iv. y = sin
-1
(cos x) u = cos x
v. y = sin
-1
(

) u =

vi. y = cosec
-1
(1+x
2
) u = 1+x
2



























- Example (a)
Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
i. y = sin
-1
(cos x)
ii. y = sin
-1
(

)
iii. y = cosec
-1
(1+x
2
)

ADVANCED DIFFERENTIATION
u
FORMULA:
-
-
-
-
-
-
FORMULA:
-
-
-


-
-


12

Solution:
i. y = sin
-1
(cos x)
Step 1: Identify the u from the equation and find

u = cos x ,

= - sin x
Step 2: Determine the formula and replace the u and

( )
dx
du
u
u
dx
d
2
1
1
1
sin

( ) ) sin (
) (cos 1
1
cos sin
2
1
x
x
x
dx
d
-

=
x
x
cos 1
sin
2

=
x
x
sin
sin
2

=
x
x
sin
sin
= -1

ii. y = sin
-1
(

)

u =

( )
dx
du
u
u
dx
d
2
1
1
1
sin

|
.
|

\
|
-
|
.
|

\
|

= |
.
|

\
|

3
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
sin
2
1
x
x
dx
d


=
|
|
.
|

\
|

9
1 3
1
2
x
=
9
9
3
1
2
x

=
( )
2
9
9
1
3
1
x
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

2
9 x


iii. y = cosec
-1
(1+x
2
)

u = 1+x
2
,

= 2x

( )
dx
du
u u
u
dx
d
1
1
cosec
2
1

( )
( ) ( )
( ) x
x x
x
dx
d
2
1 1 1
1
1 cosec
2
2 2
2 1
-
+ +

= +

=
( ) ( )
2 4 2
2 1
2
x x x
x
+ +

=
( ) 2 1
2
2 2 2
+
|
.
|

\
|
+

x x x
x
=
( ) 2 1
2
2 2
+ +

x x


cos
2
x + sin
2
x = 1
1 cos
2
x = sin
2
x

Try this!
Find
y

for the following:

a) y = tan
-1
(2x-1)
b) y = sin
-1
5x

13

- USING PRODUCT RULE

- Calculations using product rule formula:

) (

)


- Form of question y =
- Example:
i. y = x
2
sin
-1

u = x
2
, v = sin
-1

ii. y = 3 sin
-1
(ln 2x) u = 3 , v = sin
-1
(ln 2x)
iii. y = x cos
-1
x u = x , v = cos
-1
x

- Example (b)
Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
i. y = x
2
sin
-1

ii. y = 3 sin
-1
(ln 2x)
iii. y = x cos
-1
x

Solution:
i. y = x
2
sin
-1

Step 1: Form of y = uv, identified the value of u and v.
y = x
2
sin
-1

u = x
2
v = sin
-1

Step 2: Differentiate both u and v. For v, refer formula from page 11.
u = x
2

= 2x v = sin
-1

4
2
1 2
1

x

=

Step 3: Use formula of product rule and simplify.

) (

) (

()

u
v
inverse trigonometric x
Differentiate sin
-1

Differentiate

2
1

2
2
1
1
-

=
|
.
|

\
|
x
14

)(

ii. y = 3 sin
-1
(ln 2x)

u = 3

= 0 v = sin
-1
(ln 2x)

=
( )
2
2
1

2
1
1

2 ln
- -

x
x


=
( )
2
1

2 ln
1
x x

) (

(
( )
2
1 2 ln
1
x x
)

( )()
=
( )
2
2 ln 1
3
x x



iii. y = x cos
-1
x

u = x

= 1 v = cos
-1
x

= 1
2
1
1
-

x
=
2
1
1
x

) (

()

= (

Differentiate sin
-1

Differentiate cos
-1

Try this!
Find
y

for the following:

a) y = (1 - x
2
) sin
-1
x
b) y = x tan
-1
x

x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
15

- USING QUOTIENT RULE

- Calculations using quotient rule formula:

)(

- Form of question y =

- Example:
i. y =

u = tan
-1
, v = x
ii. y =

u =

, v =

iii.

- Example (c)
Differentiate the following functions with respect to x:
i. y =

ii. y =

Solution:
i. y =

Step 1: Form of y =

, identified the value of u and v.

u = tan
-1
x , v = x

Step 2: Differentiate both u and v. Refer formula from page 11 for any inverse trigonometric.

u = tan
-1
x

= 1
2
) ( 1
1
-
+ x









v = x

= 1


Step 3: Use formula of quotient rule and simplify.

) (

=
(

()
()

Differentiate tan
-1

Differentiate x = 1
16

=
(

ii. y =

u =

= 0 + 1
2
1
1
-
+ x
v =

= 0 - (

)
= -(

)





























Differentiate tan
-1

Differentiate 3tan
-1
x (use product rule):
u = 3 v = tan
-1
x

= 0

=
Try this!
Find
y

for the following:

y =
co

x 2.5 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1 4.5
y