Urban Transportation

Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Riza Atiq

Nilai-Bangi-Kajang-Putrajaya-Bandar seri putra Public Transport Proposal

Prepared by:
1- Marwan Samir Mahmmoud 2- Ibrahim Hakeem Mohammed 3- Mustafa talib yousif P60167 P60120 P60915

Chapter 1
Introduction:
The ability to access jobs, education, and public services is a fundamental part of human development. An efficient and cost effective public transport system essentially connects people to daily life. For many cites, though, effective public transport has been forgone, leaving mobility needs exclusively in the hands of private vehicles and uncoordinated paratransit operators. These cities have been largely unprepared for the consequences, including severe traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, accidents, and the loss a sense of community. A high-quality public transport system remains an indispensable element in creating a city where people and community comes first. The purpose of this research was to contribute to improvements in the planning and design of public transport services in these five cities:
1-

Kajang

2- Bangi 3- Putrajaya 4- Bandar seri putra 5- Nilai 3

Therefore its required to study public transport demand and requirement in 2020 for
these cities, which will be done by: 1Urban transport study of these cities.

2- Studying of the current public transport. 3- Solutions for the problems of the urban transport. 4- Financial analysis.

Chapter 2
Study Area:
In order to study public transport demand and requirement in 2020 for these cities, each area will be defined briefly:

(Figure 1) location of the study areas

Kajang:
Kajang, is a town in the eastern part of Selangor, Malaysia. Kajang is the district capital of Hulu Langat. It is located 21 kilometers (13 mi) from of Malaysia's capital, Kuala Lumpur. The current locational gravity of growth in Kajang would be Sungai Chua. The total population of Kajang has grown rapidly in the past few years, with estimated population growth of 9% per annum. The soon-to-realize Klang Valley MRT station in Bandar Kajang will boost the property value in Sungai Chua. As of 2004, a few townships have been developed in Kajang, such as Taman Prima Saujana (straight from Jalan Cheras), Sungai Chua, Taman Kajang Perdana (Kajang Highlands). Lately, many high-end developments has mushroomed in Kajang such as Twin Palms, Sri Banyan, Country Heights, Jade Hills and Prima Paramount. Areas surrounding these new townships are easily accessible via the SILK Expressway. Kajang is governed by the Majlis Perbandaran Kajang.

Bangi:
Bangi is a small town situated on the south of the district of Hulu Langat, in Selangor, Malaysia. It is roughly situated between the towns of Kajang (9 kilometres away) and Putrajaya (formerly Prang Besar) (also 9 kilometres away), and is linked to KTM Komuter commuter train services via the Bangi Komuter station. The town is surrounded by palm oil estates; a Malaysian Palm Oil Board/UKM research station is also based close to the town. Bangi is not to be confused with Bandar Baru Bangi, a newer and larger township several kilometres north, similar to the town only by name and located closer to Kajang.

Putrajaya:
Putrajaya is a planned city, located 25km south of Kuala Lumpur that serves as the federal administrative centre of Malaysia. The seat of government was shifted in 1999 from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya, due to the overcrowding and congestion in the Kuala Lumpur areas. It has a total area of 49 km2. Named after the first Malaysian Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, the city is situated within the Multimedia Super Corridor, beside the also newly developed Cyberjaya. The development of Putrajaya started in early 1990s, and today major landmarks are completed and the population is expected to grow bigger.

Panorama of Putrajaya from Cyberjaya Lake Gardens Planned as a garden and intelligent city, 38% of the area is reserved for green spaces by emphasizing the enhancement of natural landscape. A network of open spaces and wide boulevards were incorporated to the plan. Construction began in August 1995 and it was Malaysia's biggest project and one of Southeast Asia's largest with estimated final cost of US$ 8.1 billion. The entire project was designed and constructed by Malaysian companies with only 10% of the materials imported.
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Bandar Seri Putra:

Bandar Seri Putra (formerly Bandar Putra Mahkota) is known to many as the Seri Putra is a new township in Hulu Langat district, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Accessible via a dedicated Putra Mahkota Interchange EXIT 213 off the North-South Expressway

Southern Route.
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Nilai 3:
Nilai 3 wholesale centre is undoubtedly a one-stop destination of wholesale, tourist and shopping paradise that offers a wide variety of goods and items at very attractive and competitive prices. Especially its located in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia where very rare having this kind of concept. In judging from its sheer size 165ha it is currently still holds the record as the countrys largest wholesale centre even though there are some areas try to establish same concept. It is not easy to emerge as such and success like Nilai-3, Malaysia. Apparently, hard work from the management and state government linkage is crucial. They have done a great job on this. It still has some free lands to be developed in future. Few years ago, the developer completed some rows of shop named Istanabul near the first entrance junction. Roughly about 40 newly built shops there. This is additional good news for tourist. After completed these shops, size of the unoccupied land is reduced by some portion. We do believe in the near future there will be some more shops to be build by developer. This is to cope with the people coming to this place especially weekends and public holidays.

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Chapter 3
Transportation Facilities:
Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement. Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams and trains, rapid transit (metro, subways undergrounds etc) and ferries. Public transport between cities is dominated by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail. High-speed rail networks are being developed in many parts of the world. Most public transport runs to a scheduled timetable with the most frequent services running to headway. Share taxi offers on-demand services in many parts of the world and some services will wait until the vehicle is full before it starts. Paratransit is sometimes used in areas of low-demand and for people who need a door-to-door service. Public transport services are usually funded by government subsidies and fares charged to each passenger. Services are normally regulated and possibly subsidized from local or national tax revenue. Using public transport can be a very convenient way to travel. With increasing road congestion traveling by bus or rail can often be quicker and more relaxing than traveling by car. In addition, technological improvements such as real time information at bus stops, and in other countries the use of social media and Smartphone apps have helped to make travelling by bus and rail more convenient.

The public transportation system in Malaysia comprises of bus, railway and taxi services. The Klang Valley has an integrated public transportation system incorporating the Light Rail Transit (LRT), monorail, railway and bus services is being developed. Taxis and limousine services are also available at reasonable rates, and these facilities will be explained briefly:
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1- Bus: A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker rigid bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker buses and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are used for longer distance services. Bus manufacturing is increasingly globalised, with the same design appearing around the world. Buses may be used for scheduled bus transport, scheduled coach transport, school transport, private hire, tourism; promotional buses may be used for political campaigns and others are privately operated for a wide range of purposes. Buses are the cheapest way to get around Malaysia and the best place to catch the bus and guarantee a seat is at the towns bus terminal. There are luxury buses available for longdistance travel and these can be booked a couple of days in advance. The air-conditioned buses can be rather chilly, so take a blanket with you. Although they tend to be rather slow, local buses are regular and reliable. The bus types available in Malaysia are:

a) Mini bus:
The Kuala Lumpur Mini-Bus Service or Bas Mini was one of the oldest and popular Malaysian public bus service, having served in Kuala Lumpur and the Klang Valley region. The buses were primarily painted pink with a white stripe on the sides, and had a capacity of 20-30 passengers, due to its smaller size. The bus operated on a commission basis, with service operators being paid according to the fare they collected. The mini bus started operating on 23 September 1975 under the Ministry of Transportation. At that time, the mini bus operated on various routes according to their individual colours (blue- white, yellow-white, red-white, purple-white and dark greenwhite). The mini bus was responsible for servicing nearly sixty different routes. Three major companies (Syarikat Kerjasama Pengaman (M) Bhd, Bas Mini Wilayah and

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Konsortium Pengusaha Bas Mini Sdn Bhd) monopolized the various bus routes while smaller operators were allowed to service certain areas only. In 1975, when the mini bus was introduced as a service, the bus-fare was just 40 sen. Later in 1991, the fare was increased to 50 sen while two years after, the fare was again adjusted to 60 sen. The mini bus did not have any fixed time-table. Instead, the service operated on a commission basis whereby the operators were paid according to the number of trips and fare collection they could raise in one day. Sometimes, in order to outdo a competitor, a driver would detour from the designated route much to the annoyance of the passengers. In 1990, the then Deputy Minister of Transport, Datuk Paduka Rahmah Osman, standardized the colour of the mini bus to Pink and white. On the 1st July 1998, the services of the mini bus was terminated in the city of Kuala Lumpur . Once a notorious mode of transport for the many commuters in Kuala Lumpur, the Pink Lady will always be remembered for its death-defying activities on public roads.

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b) Rapid KL buses:
RapidKL bus is the largest bus operator in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. As of 2011, it operates 167 routes with 1400 buses covering 980 residential areas with a ridership of about 400,000 per day. RapidKL bus routes were previously operated by Intrakota Komposit Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of DRB-Hicom Bhd; and Cityliner Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of Park May Bhd. When it took over, there were 179 routes. Since January 2006, RapidKL has redrawn the entire network. RapidKL divide into six areas: 1- Kuala Lumpur City Centre (Central Business District) 2- Kepong, Segambut, Selayang, Batu Caves, Gombak, Jalan Ipoh & Sentul 3- Setapak, Wangsa Maju, Ulu Klang, Setiawangsa, Keramat, Ampang & Pandan 4- Cheras, Kajang, Ulu Langat, Putrajaya, Cyberjaya, Semenyih, Sungai Besi, Seri Kembangan, Serdang & Balakong 5- Klang, Shah Alam Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Jalan Klang Lama & Puchong 6- Shah Alam Utara, Subang, Damansara, Petaling Jaya Utara, Bangsar & Kota Damansara

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c) Metrobus:
Metrobus Nationwide is a privately owned public transport company in the Klang Valley that was formed in 1992. It is based in Subang Jaya. It is the second largest stage bus (regular or trunk bus route) and feeder bus operator in Kuala Lumpur after Rapid KL. Metrobus Natiowide owns a huge fleet of Nissan Diesel, Hino and Mercedez Benz buses to serve all its routes.

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2- Train Malaysias railway network is fast and efficient, consisting of three types of service: express, limited express and local trains. Express trains are reserved for 1st and 2nd class passengers, limited express trains usually just 2nd and 3rd coaches, while local trains are usually limited to 3rd class. There are overnight sleeper births available on Express and limited express trains. Tourist rail passes are a good way to save money if you planning on travelling by train a lot and last for five days, ten days and fifteen days. The types of train in Malaysia are:

1- KTM KOMUTER:
KTM Komuter is a commuter train service in Malaysia operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTMB). It was introduced in 1995 to provide local rail services in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding Klang Valley suburban areas. It is popular with commuters into the city, who thus avoid being caught in road traffic congestion. The trains used are air-conditioned electric multiple units. 'Park & Ride' facilities are provided at stations at a nominal charge.

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KTM Komuter is currently the most profitable passenger service offered by KTMB, contributing RM84.63 million to group revenue in 2006, higher than KTM Intercity's profit of 70.94 million in the same year. According to the Ministry of Transport Malaysia 2008 Statistics, the ridership for the KTM Komuter is approximately 36.557 million passengers per annum.
2-

Klang Valley Mass Rail Transit:

The Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit is a proposed 3-line 150 km Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system in the Klang Valley/Greater KL conurbation which envisages a Wheel and Spoke concept comprising two northeast-southwest radial lines and one circle line looping around Kuala Lumpur city. Klang Valley MRT will not only significantly increase the current inadequate rail network but will also serve to integrate the existing rail networks and expectantly alleviate the severe traffic congestion in the Greater KL metropolitan area. The proposal was announced in June 2010 and was approved by the government of Malaysia in December 2010. Construction of the first line is targeted to commence in July 2011. The project also represents one of the economic entry point project identified for the Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley National Key Economic Area under the Economic Transformation Programme.

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In June 2010, the Prime Minister Najib Razak announced during the tabling of the 10 Malaysia Plan that the government was studying the MRT proposal for Greater Kuala Lumpur. The original proposal was dubbed the Klang Valley Integrated Transportation System, but it is more commonly referred to as the Greater Kuala Lumpur MRT or Klang Valley MRT by the press and analysts. While the concept plan itself was conceived by a joint venture between Gamuda Berhad and MMC Corporation Berhad, contract awards for the design and construction packages is expected to tendered out by the government via the Swiss challenge method, if approved. The Gamuda-MMC JV indicated its intention to be the project lead and undertake tunneling works. The newlylaunched Land Public Transport Commission (SPAD) will oversee and coordinate the entire MRT development in terms of cost and viability, alignment and integration, and will play the role of regulator once the project is completed. National infrastructure company, Syarikat Prasarana Negara would ultimately own and operate the MRT. In December 2010, the government approved the implementation of the MRT project, and appointed Gamuda-MMC JV as Project Delivery Partner. Apart from tunneling works, the Gamuda-MMC JV will not be allowed to bid for the other eight parcels of the project. The usual properties of any MRT are: Speed No. of couches Capacity Acceleration deceleration Rail Headway Suitable 1435mm gauge 120 s Suitable for radial movement For high density and high plot ratio area. / Up to 100 km/hr 4-8 couches per train (couches 22m x 3.1m) Up to 80000 passenger / hr / direction 1.2 m/s2

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Power supply Sub-station

750 V dc 3 5 km spacing

3- RapidKL Light Rail Transit (LRT):

Light rail or light rail transit (LRT) is a form of urban rail public transportation that generally has a lower capacity and lower speed than heavy rail and metro systems, but higher capacity and higher speed than traditional street-running tram systems. The term is typically used to refer to rail systems with rapid transit-style features that usually use electric rail cars operating mostly in private rights-of-way separated from other traffic but
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sometimes, if necessary, mixed with other traffic in city streets. If this is the case, then under the law of many countries such systems are legally tramways, although the vehicles which run on them are sometimes designated "supertrams". Modern light rail technology is flexible and adaptable, and whether any given system is considered a true rapid transit system or not depends on its characteristics. The properties of any LRT are: Speed No. of couches Capacity Acceleration / deceleration Rail Headway Suitable Up to 40 km/hr 2 - 6 couches per train Up to 40000 passenger / hr / direction 1.2 m/s2 1000 or 1435mm gauge 120 s Suitable for high density and high plot ratio area.

Power supply Sub-station

750 V dc 3 5 km spacing

Rapid KL LRT (rapid transit in central Kuala Lumpur) is serving a large part of the Klang Valley conurbation in Malaysia. It is owned by Syarikat Prasarana Negara and operated by RapidKL, a major public transport company in the conurbation. The rail network consists of the Ampang Line and the Kelana Jaya Line, which were opened in 1995 and 1998 respectively. Along with the KTM Komuter and Kuala Lumpur Monorail
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networks, this system constitutes the core of public transport in Kuala Lumpur with an average daily ridership of 326,000 in 2008, about 83% of the bus network's 392,000 operated by the same company during that period. The Ampang and Kelana Jaya lines were constructed and initially operated by different owners; Sistem Transit Aliran Ringan Sdn. Bhd. for the Ampang Line and Projek Usahasama Transit Ringan Automatik for the Kelana Jaya Line. In 2004, operational aspects of the two LRT lines were transferred to RapidKL under the second phase of the restructuring process of Kuala Lumpur's public transportation network. The network has 59 stations with 56 kilometres of lines that operate on standard gauge. Sri Rampai LRT station was not in operation since the beginning of revenue service on the line until December 2010. Under the line extension and MRT project, 54 new stations and 83 km of new track will be constructed with an expected completion date at 2016. These stations are scattered throughout Kuala Lumpur, with several stops close to or within the peripheral regions of Selangor. Train services operate from 6.00 a.m and typically end before midnight daily with frequencies varying from approximately three minutes during peak hours to twenty-three minutes during non-peak hours.

4- KL Monorail:

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monorail is a rail-based transportation system based on a single rail, which acts as its sole support and its guideway. The term is also used variously to describe the beam of the system, or the vehicles traveling on such a beam or track. The term originates from joining mono (one) and rail, from as early as 1897, possibly from German engineer Eugen Langen who called an elevated railway system with wagons suspended the Eugen Langen One-railed Suspension Tramway (Einschieniges Hngebahnsystem Eugen Langen). The transportation system is often referred to as a railway. Colloquially, the term "monorail" is often used erroneously to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. In fact, the term refers to the style of track, not its elevation.

The properties of any Monorail are: Speed No. of couches Capacity Rail Headway Suitable Up to 30 km/hr 2 - 4 couches per train Up to 10000 passenger / hr / direction 10000 gauge 90 s For intra-city travel

The KL Monorail (previously known as Peoplemover Rapid Transit - PRT) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia opened on 31 August 2003, and serves 11 stations running 8.6 km (5 mi) with two parallel elevated tracks. It connects the Kuala Lumpur Sentral transport hub with the "Golden Triangle". It was completed at a cost of MYR 1.18 billion by the KL Infrastructure Group (KL Infra). KL Infra declared bankruptcy on 15 May 2007 after repeatedly missing loan repayments. On 29 November 2007, Syarikat Prasarana Negara Berhad (SPNB) signed a sale-and23

purchase agreement with KL Monorail Systems Sdn Bhd (KLMS). The current operator for the KL Monorail system is RapidKL Rail, a wholly owned subsidiary of SPNB. According to Ministry of Transport statistics, the annual ridership for the Monorail Line in 2008 was 21,765,233. On 1 March 2012, KL Monorail was integrated with the Ampang Line light rail transit when the "paid-up" or restricted areas of the Hang Tuah monorail and LRT stations, and also at the Titiwangsa monorail and LRT stations, were physically linked up, allowing transfers without the need to buy new tickets for the first time since the system became operational.

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Chapter 4
The methodology adopted is shown in the Figure below:

The transportation planning process relies on travel demand forecasting, which involves predicting the impacts that various policies and programs will have on travel in the urban area. The forecasting process also provides detailed information, such as traffic volumes, bus patronage, and turning movements, to be used by engineers and planners in their designs. A travel demand forecast might include the number of cars on a future freeway or the number of passengers on a new express bus service. It might also predict the amount of reduction in auto use that would occur in response to a new policy imposing taxes on central-area parking.
Estimation of total production and attraction from one zone to on other zones in this study area will be based on land use and sosio-economic. 25

Estimated Production Demand in 2020

and

Attraction

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27

Balancing the Production and Attraction

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O-D Trip matrix

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Modal Split:
Modal split models aim to determine the number of trips on different modes given the travel demand between different pairs of nodes (zones). These models try to mathematically describe the mode choice phase of the sequential demand analysis procedure. Generally, choice models are used for modal split analysis. That is, it is assumed that the probability of choosing a particular mode is the probability that the perceived utility from that mode is greater than the perceived utility from each of the other available modes. The factors which affect the choice of a mode (and hence the perceived utility from a mode) are:

Socio-economic factors like income, automobile ownership, age, and so on. Service-related factors like in-vehicle travel time, access to public transport (or transit systems), frequency of transit system operation, out-of-pocket cost, and the like.

The current modal split can be determined by observing equivalent land use in the area based data collection by City Hall of Kuala Lumpur average modal split in Klang Valley.

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Item 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Land Use Government Office Non-Government Office Bank Hotel Shopping Centre Bungalow House Semi-Detached House Link House Condominium Apartment Flat

Bus user % 27.6% 48.0% 49.9% 35.9% 54.3% 12.1% 16.2% 42.1% 13.7% 39.9% 49.5%

car/van/jee p user % 57.4% 45.6% 45.0% 60.1% 40.7% 84.0% 79.4% 48.5% 85.1% 45.0% 28.3%

m/cycle user % 15.0% 6.4% 5.1% 4.0% 5.0% 3.9% 4.4% 9.4% 1.2% 15.1% 21.7%

Although these cities (Kajang, Bangi, Bandar seri putra, putrajaya, Nilai 3) have different means of public transport like buses, trains and taxis but there are some problems and in the quality of services which will discussed

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Existing Situations:
1) Traffic management: The smart traffic controlling system is able to effectively reduce traffic congestion. The smart traffic light uses a camera as a sensor that reallysees the real traffic situation. Video images are captured by the cameras placed on high positions and the images are processed in order to gauge the number of incoming vehicles, the length of the queue as well as to detect accidents. This means that the smart traffic system responds almost immediately every time a slight change occurs in the traffic patterns. It is done by using the total-disperse system and all the traffic lights at every intersection are all smart traffic lights. Thus, a fast response is achieved according to the traffic situation at a particular intersection. During peak periods, it distributes the green time according to the ratio length of the respective queue. It also priorities traffic flows accordingly. Test on site shows that the system is able to respond correctly within 120 seconds. Physically, the system consists of four basic components, namely the Smart Camera sensor for collecting traffic data, the Intelligent Controller for controlling traffic flows at an individual intersection, the Intelligent Coordinator for coordinating the timing of an individual controller with its neighbors and the Smart Traffic Advisor. Communication is based on wireless Local Area Network that links all local controllers. This system has been employed at main intersections around Bangi and Kajang for the past few years, but still, traffic flows cannot be eased if the traffic demands still growing, because traffic management measures alone cannot effectively increase road capacity levels.

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2) Public transport: A. Rail Transport: Rail transport in Malaysia comprises heavy rail (including high-speed rail), light rail transit (LRT), monorail and a funicular railway line. Heavy rail is mostly used for intercity passenger and freight transport as well as some urban public transport, while LRTs are used for urban public transport and some special use such as transporting passengers between airport buildings. There is one high-speed railway line with two high-speed train services linking Kuala Lumpur with the Kuala Lumpur International Airport. The sole monorail line in the country is also used for public transport in Kuala Lumpur while the only funicular railway line is in Penang. Rail transportation optimal usage had not been achieved for many reasons, like unavailability of car/ motorcycle parking near the rail stations.

B. Bus: Many of companies operating in the area (Rapid KL) to support the public transport by buses between each zone and connect them with capital Kuala Lumpur. These companies do operating daily flights contribute to these trips to provide transport for the citizens of the areas mention most of these trips launched from the town of Kajang, but the existing bus system and infrastructure is still lacking a lot, like unavailability of key stations model. C. Taxi: since not all people have private cars, so they need taxis to carry them from place to other in a private way without crowding in buses, and to save time if you see the time is more important than money, but the problem is at peak periods and during bad weather, and because of the variety of drivers nationalities and origins, mode taxicabs become unreliable.

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3) Private transportation: A. Private car: the high personal income lead to increasing the number of private cars, which led to a traffic jam, especially in intersections at peak hours at after noon time, and increasing the number of daily trips which also cause a traffic jam especially in the center, and driving in speed resulted traffic accidents in streets and intersections especially at the traffic peak in crowds and the maximum capacity. B. Motorcycle: motorcycles are used by the young and lower income groups, and it is has economical usage of fuel around the city, but it is not safe for those who don't have driving license, and that caused making road accidents. 4) Road Infrastructure: In today's world of globalization, the provision of infrastructures, of which road network plays an important and integral role, is essential to enhance the nation's competitiveness and maintain an edge over its competitions. In Malaysia, the road network forms the bloodline of the countrys economic activities carrying about 96% of transported goods and passengers. Based on the Ministry of Transports statistics, the share of road transport of passengers comprises 64.8% by private car and 30.0% by bus, as compared to 4.7% by rail transport and 0.5% by air transport. The road transport also moved 303 million tons of goods or an overwhelming 96.4% of total trips. Development of the transportation infrastructure during the Seventh Plan period focused on capacity expansion to ensure the availability of facilities to meet demand. For the Eighth Plan period, emphasis was given to increasing the capacity and accessibility in less developed areas while in urban areas, the focus was to enhance efficiency and improve public transport services. In the Ninth Malaysia Plan, PWD has so far been allocated RM9.6 billion for the construction of new roads as well as upgrading of existing ones, but some roads have assumed functions for which they were not originally designed such as residential roads that have become trunk roads due to ill-considered road connections. These anomalies have presented difficulties in the design and management of the overall road network, and plot ratios for commercial spaces within the City Centre have
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progressively increased over the years and created increased pressure on the road network.

Chapter 5 Solutions for the study area

1- Constructing a new LRT line.

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LRT SYSTEM Speed up to 40 km/hr 2 6 couches per train Capacity up to 40,000 passengers / hr / direction Acceleration / deceleration 1.2 m/s2 Rail 1000 or 1435mm gauge Headway 120 s Suitable for radial movement For high density and high plot ratio area. Feeder bus service is required Power supply: 750 V dc Sub-station: 3 5 km spacing

3600nS Cp h
Cp = Theoretical passenger line capacity n = vehicle per train S = Maximum passenger per vehicle h = headway in second = guideway utilisation factor (0.6) = load factor (0.9)
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n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10

h 25.93 51.86 77.79 103.72 129.65 155.58 181.51 207.44 259.3

26240

3600 * 0.9'*0.75 * n * 280 h

n=0.03856*h

Possible range: (h) : 120 sec to 300 sec. (n) Max. Couches: 5 (veh/train)

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2- Constructing a multi-storey parking near the LRT stations.

A multi-storey car park or a parking garage is a building (or part thereof) which is designed specifically to be for automobile parking and where there are a number of floors or levels on which parking takes place, It is essentially a stacked parking lot, and limited to 5 till 6 stories with the total capacity up to 500 cars per lot and Apply multiple access and exit system to avoid traffic congestion in and out.

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3- Provide Toll gate.

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Conclusion:
Sustainable transport means using transport with less impact to the humans and the environment by using other transport such as bicycle, car sharing and electric trains. Malaysia has achieved a progress in economics especially in the last three decades of this century. The huge development in Malaysia effect of the citizens to increase the private vehicles , motors and other transportation .Therefore the amount of disposal materials and emission the toxic gases increased due to this progress in the transportation. However the grow ownership of the different type of transportation contribute of increasing the air contamination and toxicity due to emission poison gases such as carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide and lead. However the grow ownership of the different type of transportation contribute of increasing the air contamination and toxicity due to emission poison gases such as carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide and lead. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the government to provide public transport that is safe and comfortable to help people. In addition, supply the development of policies that help to reduce harmful emissions and find alternatives that will ensure transport sustainability and its use by people.

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