Single Supply OpAmp Circuit Designing

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits
ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Single Supply Op Amp Circuits Dr. Lynn Fuller

Webpage: http://people.rit.edu/lffeee Microelectronic Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology 82 Lomb Memorial Drive Rochester, NY 14623-5604 Tel (585) 475-2035 Fax (585) 475-5041 Email: Lynn.Fuller@rit.edu Department webpage: http://www.microe.rit.edu
Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering
3-1-12 OpAmpSingleSupply.ppt
Dr. Lynn Fuller
March 1, 2012
Page 1
OUTLINE Introduction Basic Dual Supply Op Amp Circuits Power Supplies NJU 703X Op Amp LTC 6078 Op Amp Single Supply Op Amp Circuits Virtual Ground Inverting Amplifier Non Inverting Amplifier Comparator Multivibrator Current to Voltage Converter Differential Amplifier
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 2
INTRODUCTION This document discusses single-supply, low-voltage, rail-to-rail, Operational Amplifier (Op Amp) circuits. Although all op amps can operate with single supply or dual supply, most engineers are familiar with dual-supply Op Amp circuits such as those shown on the following page. The dual supply allows the input and output to be easily referenced to zero volts. (analog ground = earth ground) Single supply Op Amps usually refers to low voltage Op Amps using voltages of 5, 3.3 or smaller and ground. Some types of Op Amps will not work at these voltages. (some Op Amps use BJT current source biasing that takes a couple of diode drops of voltage to work thus the output voltage of these Op Amps can only get within 1.4 volts of the supply rails. For example at 5 volts, output is limited between 1.4 volts and 3.6 volts and with 3.3 volts supply some Op Amps may not work at all. With single supply Op Amp circuits we Rochester Institute of Technology negative output voltages. There are also can not have Microelectronic for working with these limitations. several techniquesEngineering
March 1, 2012 Dr. Lynn Fuller
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SOME BASIC DUAL SUPPLY OP AMP CIRCUITS
These dual supply circuits should be familiar:

R2 R1 Vin + Vo= - Vin R2/R1
-V +V +V
R1 Vo Vin +
R2 Vo Vo= Vin (1 + R2/R1)

-V
Inverting Amplifier
+V
Non-Inverting Amplifier
C R
+V
Vin
Vo Vo= Vin
-V
Vin
+
-V
Vo Vo= -1/RC Vin dt
Unity Gain Technology Rochester Institute of Buffer

Microelectronic Engineering March 1, 2012 Dr. Lynn Fuller
Integrator
Page 4
VOLTAGE SUPPLIES
Single Supply Dual DC Power Supply
Multiple Output Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Supplies Engineering

Page 5
BASIC TWO STAGE CMOS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
1. Low V oltage operation 2. Rail to Rail input and output voltages 3. Low Input bias ~ 1pA or smaller 4. Low Output Current (depends on M6 and M7) Rochester Institute of Technology 5. Unity Gain Bandwidth depends on Cc Microelectronic Engineering
Page 6
LOW VOLTAGE, RAIL-TO-RAIL OP AMP
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
3 to 16 V operation olt Rail to Rail input and output voltages Low Input bias ~ 1pA Output Current ~1mA Unity Gain Rochester Institute of Technology Bandwidth 1.5 MHz Microelectronic Engineering Power Dissipation 1mA at 3 V = 3000uW
Page 7
NJU703X OP AMP DATA SHEET
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 8
LTC6078 OP AMP
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
2.7 to 5.5 V operation olt Rail to Rail input and output voltages Low Input bias ~ 1pA Output Current ~5mA Unity Gain Bandwidth ~350Khz Rochester Institute Power dissipation 54 of Technology V = 162uW uA at 3 Microelectronic Engineering
Page 9
LTC6078 OP AMP
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
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CREATING A SPLIT SUPPLY FROM A SINGLE SUPPLY Simple Voltage Splitter +V/2
The simple voltage splitter draws a lot of power if Rs are low. Cs ensure AC short (for AC signals). Cs might not be needed for DC signals.
R R -V/2
C Single Supply
Common Ground
Earth Ground
Virtual Ground
Signal Ground
Analog Ground
Chassis Ground
Digital Ground
Floating Ground
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
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VIRTUAL GROUND / VOLTAGE SPLITTER Virtual Ground Using Op Amp +V 100K +V Vout = V/2
+
100K Virtual ground is simply a voltage reference typically half of the supply voltage. This virtual ground can supply/sink only as much current as the maximum Op Amp output current.
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 12
TLE2426 RAIL SPLITTER (COMMERCIAL VIRTUAL GND)
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 13
VOLTAGE FOLLOWER EXAMPLE

+V
Vin Vac Vdc
V = Vin = Vac + Vdc o
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
If Vin is between the +V and V supply values then V = Vin o Vin can not go negative in the example shown because V supply is ground. If the signal generator has a DC offset (Vdc) that is larger than the signal amplitude then this circuit will work because Vin will never go negative. The output can be referenced to ground or to analog ground Rochester Vdc does not Institute of Technology need to be Microelectronic Engineering V/2
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INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLE Inverting Amplifier

R2
+V
R1 -
Vo= - Vin R2/R1 + Vo
Vin These Grounds are not the same
+ -
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
This is a DC and AC amplifier The input is referenced to the virtual ground. The virtual ground needs to source or sink the current Vin/R1 The Op Amp needs to source or sink V o/R2 The output voltage is referenced to the virtual ground which may be of +V 6.Rochestera load Technology If Institute of is connected to V the virtual ground needs to source or o Microelectronic Engineering sink the load current.
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INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES
R2
+V
2R1 +
Vin
Vo= - Vin R2/R1
AC Inverting Amplifier Rochester Institute of Technology with capacitor coupling Microelectronic Engineering
Page 16
INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES DC Inverting Amplifier

R2
+
+V
Vin
-
2R1 + + Vo +V 100K
Dr. Lynn Fuller
+V 2R1
Vo= - Vin R2/R1
March 1, 2012
Page 17
100K
NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES

+3.3
10K
+V = 3.3
Vin
10K Sensor To 10.07K + Vo
+V=3.3 20K 20K

100K
1. 2. 3. 4.
The two 20K resistors can be replaced by its Thevenin equivalent of V/2 and 10K This sets up the analog ground at V/2 and the voltage gain to 11 Vin is V/2 (or zero if referenced to analog ground) if the sensor is 10K If the sensor is not exactly10K then V o will have a value of 11 x Vin
Dr. Lynn Fuller
March 1, 2012
Page 18
COMPARATOR
Vo
Theoretical
+V Vin
Vref
+ Vo
+V
Vref 0 +V
Vin
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
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BISTABLE CIRCUIT WITH HYSTERESIS +V R +V R VT R +V

+ Vo
Theoretical
VTH = 2/3 V 0
Vo Vin
VTL =1/3 V
Vin
1. 2. The Rs set up the threshold voltage at V/3 and 2V/3 V is either +V or Ground out
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 20
SINGLE SUPPLY OSCILLATOR (MULTIVIBRATOR) +V R2 +V

+ Vo
VTH VTL
R1 VT
R3
Vo +V t t1 Let R1 = 100K, R2=R3=100K and +V = 3.3 Then VTH = 2.2 when Vo = 3.3 VTL = 1.1 when Vo = 0 0
R
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 21
SINGLE SUPPLY PHOTO DETECTOR I TO V AMP 470K I Light Vishay BPW46 Digikey No. 751-1017-ND +5 Vout
NJU7024
The voltage across the diode is zero volts in the dark and the current is zero In the light I is 5uA (in direction shown, i.e. out of p-side) What is V out?
Dr. Lynn Fuller
March 1, 2012
Page 22
WHEATSTONE BRIDGE AND DIFFERENTIAL AMP

Vs Rf Rst R1 VoR2 R4 Rsb
+V +V
Rin
+
+V
R3 Vo+
Vo1
Rin
Rf
1. 2.
The R1=R2=R3=R4 make a Wheatstone bridge and are sensor resistors that will change in response to pressure. V Rochester Institute ofshould be equal to each other and ~Vs/2 with no pressure. o+ and V Technology oMicroelectronic Engineering March 1, 2012 Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 23
SUMMARY Low voltage Op Amps are often used with a single supply. Some circuits work just fine with single supply such as the comparator. Other circuits use a virtual ground typically of the supply voltage. Since signal generators and oscilloscopes are referenced to earth ground. Op Amp circuits need to consider this if powered by a single supply referenced to earth ground. In that case earth ground and virtual ground are at different voltages.
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 24
REFERENCES 1. Using Single Supply Operational Amplifiers from Microchip 2. Designing Single Supply, Low-Power Systems from Analog Devices 3. Designing Circuits for Single Supply Operation from Linear Technology 4. Single Supply Design from TI 5. Design Trade-Offs for Single-Supply Op Amps from Maxium
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 25
HOMEWORK SINGLE SUPPLY OP AMP CKTS 1. Pick one of the example circuits above and do SPICE analysis. 2. More
March 1, 2012
Dr. Lynn Fuller
Page 26

Single Supply OpAmp Circuit Designing

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Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits Dr. Lynn Fuller

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

Dr. Lynn Fuller

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

SOME BASIC DUAL SUPPLY OP AMP CIRCUITS

These dual supply circuits should be familiar:

R2 Vo Vo= Vin (1 + R2/R1)

Vo Vo= -1/RC Vin dt

Unity Gain Technology Rochester Institute of Buffer

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

Single Supply Dual DC Power Supply

Multiple Output Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Supplies Engineering

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

BASIC TWO STAGE CMOS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

LOW VOLTAGE, RAIL-TO-RAIL OP AMP

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

NJU703X OP AMP DATA SHEET

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

Dr. Lynn Fuller

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

Dr. Lynn Fuller

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

Dr. Lynn Fuller

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

Dr. Lynn Fuller

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

TLE2426 RAIL SPLITTER (COMMERCIAL VIRTUAL GND)

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

Dr. Lynn Fuller

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

VOLTAGE FOLLOWER EXAMPLE

Vin Vac Vdc

V = Vin = Vac + Vdc o

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLE Inverting Amplifier

Vo= - Vin R2/R1 + Vo

Vin These Grounds are not the same

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES

Vo= - Vin R2/R1

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES DC Inverting Amplifier

Vo= - Vin R2/R1

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER EXAMPLES

+V=3.3 20K 20K

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

Rochester Institute of Technology Microelectronic Engineering

Dr. Lynn Fuller

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

BISTABLE CIRCUIT WITH HYSTERESIS +V R +V R VT R +V

Dr. Lynn Fuller

Single Supply Op Amp Circuits

SINGLE SUPPLY OSCILLATOR (MULTIVIBRATOR) +V R2 +V