Tutorial 7 Theories of elastic failure Thin shells

1. A cylindrical water storage tank fabricated from steel and butt-welded together is to be 10m in diameter and 5m high. What must be the minimum thickness for the bottom side plates ? The allowable stress in tension for the selected steel is 130 MPa. Assume that the weld efficiency is 80% and neglect local stresses at the junction between the vertical wall and the bottom. (2.36 mm) A mild steel shaft of 50 mm diameter carries a bending moment of 2000 Nm. If the yield point stress in simple tension is 200 MN/m2, find the maximum torque that can be applied in addition to the bending moment without causing yielding, using each of the three theories of elastic failure: maximum principal stress, Trescas criterion, von Mises criterion.
(2092 Nm, 1410 Nm, 1623 Nm)

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Explain briefly the various theories of elastic failure which have been explained in class. A certain steel has a yield stress in simple tension of 270 MN/m2. Under a certain two dimensional stress system the principal stresses are 105 MN/m2 (tensile) and 30 MN/m2 (compressive). Under this situation calculate the factor of safety according to the maximum shear stress theory and according to the von Mises theory. (2, 2.2) A material subjected to a simple tensile test shows an elastic limit of 230 MN/m2. Calculate the factor of safety if the principal stresses set up in a complex two dimensional stress system are limited to 120 MN/m2 tensile and 40 MN/m2 compressive. The appropriate theories of elastic failure on which your answer should be based are the Tresca and von Mises criteria. (1.44, 1.6) A thick cylinder with closed ends has an inside diameter of 100 mm and an outside diameter of 200mm. What is the maximum pressure it could sustain without yielding at the bore (N.B. Pressure is outside cylinder). Use both the Trescas yield criterion and the von Mises yield criterion. Take yield stress as 400 MN/m2. To obtain the stress field you need to search and study the chapter on thick cylinders found in your notes.
(150 MN/m2, 174 MN/m2)

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Calculate the increase in the volume enclosed by a boiler shell, 2.4m long and 0.9m in diameter, when it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1.8MN/m2. The wall thickness is such that the maximum tensile stress in the shell is 21MN/m2 under this pressure. E = (311 cm3) 200GN/m2, = 0.28. A thin cylinder 150 mm internal diameter, 2.5 mm thick has its ends closed by rigid plates and is pressurized with water. When an external axial pull of 37kN is applied to the ends, the water pressure is observed to fall by 0.1 N/mm2. Find the value of Poissons ratio. Youngs modulus has a value of 140000 N/mm2, The bulk modulus for water K has a value of 2200 N/mm2. (0.31) Calculate the safe working pressure for a spherical vessel which is 1.2m in diameter and has a wall thickness of 12 mm, if the tensile stress is limited to 42 MN/m2. (1.68 MN/m2) A thin cylinder 75mm internal diameter, 250 mm long with walls 2.5 mm thick is subjected to an internal pressure of 7MN/m2. Determine the change in internal diameter

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and the change in length. If in addition to the internal pressure, the cylinder is subjected to a torque of 200 Nm, find the magnitude and nature of the principal stresses set up in the cylinder. Youngs modulus has a value of 200 GN/m2 and Poissons ratio has a value of 0.3. (33.4 m, 26.2 m, 105 MN/m2, 52.5 MN/m2, 106.4 MN/m2, 51.05 MN/m2) 10. A thin walled circular cylinder of internal diameter 10m, wall thickness 2cm and length 5m is just filled with water. Determine the additional water that is required to be pumped into the vessel to raise its pressure by 0.5 MPa. Youngs modulus has a value of 2 x 1011 N/m2, Poissons ratio has a value of 0.3 and the bulk modulus of water is 2 x 109 N/m2.
(0.564 m3)

11. In an experimental investigation a long cylindrical tube with closed ends was pressurized and simultaneously subjected to a torque. The tube was 90 mm in outside diameter with 5 mm thick walls. If the vessel was internally pressurized to 1.5 MPa and the externally applied torque was 180 Nm calculate the principal stresses on the outside surface of the vessel walls. (14.18 N/mm2, 4.94 N/mm2)