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The workers met in republican and leftist organizations in favor of universal male suffrage. After that revolution, the socialist doctrines began to create class parties, exclusively worker.
Socialism
Utopian socialism is a term that designates a heterogeneous set of doctrines of social reform, prior to the rise of Marxism and anarchism, which emerged in the early nineteenth century in response to the serious problems that entailed the triumph of industrialism and liberalism in Europe. The term "utopian socialism" was coined by Friedrich Engels in Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (1880): He considers it the origins of socialism and an unattainable ideal, characterized as a time prior to "scientific socialism" that would be his dialectical overcoming. Charles Fourier developed during the 1820 decade his proposal to create agroindustrial establishments (phalanstres) to about 1600 people, housed in a building specially designed for this purpose. They would work the surrounding land and share profits from sales. Community utilities would be ensured, and all would work, including children, but the work would not be painful but attractive. Robert Owen began as a reformer of industrial work, because in his factory he implemented measures of benefit to the worker, as the removal of arduous tasks and maintenance of salary during periods of reduced sales.
New Harmony (Indiana, USA, 1824-1829), a community established by Robert Owen, with 20,000 acres of land and 900 members. Later he proposed "cooperative farms (villages of cooperation), which essentially were overturned on agriculture and had the function of generating a new moral and educational space. tienne Cabet was influenced by Robert Owen during his exile in England. Returned to France, he preached a pacifist communism, democratic and prone to build common property settlements. Saint-Simon did not develop an idea of the future perfect world, but proceeded to
criticize radically the society resulting from the French Revolution. In this context, he felt that governments should aim for improving the moral and material conditions of working class, and ending poverty and war, but exercising less and less government (understood as despotism) and more administration. Not opposed to private property, he suggested deleting the inheritance. The State should undertake great public works for the benefit of the society: railways, dams, bridges, communication channels, credit unions, etc. The main obstacle to the creation and consolidation of utopian communities was to find a perfect living in the midst of a world based on completely different values. This means that these communities could not avoid a mismatch between the internal (moral values) and external (market values).