PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties and Fluid Flow

Textbooks: 1. Applied Reservoir Engineering. Chapter (2) (Properties of Reservoir Rocks) By Charles R. Smith, et. al. 2. Petroleum Reservoir Engineering (Physical Properties) Chapters (2, and 3), James W. Amyx, et. al. 1960. 3. Reservoir Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, Chapters (4, and 5), Tarek Ahmed 2001. 4. Petroleum Engineering Handbook Chapter (26), Howard B. Bradley, et. al. Third printing SPE. 1992. 5. Principles of Petroleum Reservoir Engineering Chapter (3) By Gian Luigi Chierici, Translated from the Italian by Peter J. Westaway, 1995. 6. Worldwide Practical Petroleum Reservoir Engineering Methods, H.C. "Slip" Slider, 1983. 7. Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Dake, 1978. Prerequisite: Description PGE 251 Porosity and its types, permeability and its types, capillary pressure curves, laboratory determination of physical properties (core analysis), subsurface measurement, steady state and unsteady state flow of incompressible and compressible fluids in linear and radial porous system.

Objectives:

To instruct the students in the fundamentals of reservoir rock properties and flow of fluids through porous media.

Topics Covered: 1. Rock Porosity: definition of porosity, total porosity, absolute porosity, primary and secondary porosity, factors affecting porosity, measurement of porosity, and subsurface measurement of porosity (3 classes) 2. Permeability: definition of permeability, absolute permeability, effective permeability. General form of Darcy's law, single phase flow of incompressible, slightly compressible and compressible fluid in linear and radial porous media. Horizontal and vertical flow, Klinkenberg effect. Average absolute permeability, weighted, harmonic, and geometric average permeability. Flow in channels and fractures. Measurment of permeability. Absolute permeability correlations, Timur, Morris-Biggs equations. (10 classes) 3. Fluid Saturations: definition and the significance of the critical saturation for each phase, methods for determining fluid saturations, factors affecting fluid saturation. ( 2 classes)

4. Wettability definition and calculation, surface and interfacial tension, capillary pressure, laboratory measurements of capillary pressure, capillary pressure curves and hysteresis, initial saturation distribution in a reservoir, Leverett JFunction, and converting laboratory capillary data. (5 classes) 5. Single phase flow in porous rock and multiphase flow in porous rock: Darcy's equation and reservoir systems, relative permeability, drainage and imbibition process. Effective and relative permeability, laboratory determination of relative permeability, two-phase relative permeability correlations, relative permeability from capillary pressure data, relative permeability from analytical equations, relative permeability ratio, dynamic pseudo-relative permeabilitys, normalization and averaging relative permeability data. Threephase relative permeability use of effective and relative permeability. (7 classes) 6. Electrical properties of rock-fluid systems: electrical conductivity of fluid saturated rock, use of electrical formation resistivity factor, cementation factor, and saturation exponent resistivity relations, measurement of electrical properties of rock, effect of clay on resistivity. empirical correlation of electrical properties. (3 classes) 7. Classes problems (16 classes) 8. Tests: (2 classes plus final exam.) Classes/Tutorials: Class are held two times per week in 50 minutes lectures plus one tutorial class of 50 minutes per week Evaluation 10% for Attendance, participation, quizzes and home works. 40% for two midterm exams and 50% for the final examination.

Course Improvement Actions: Some basic background and prerequisite material are often reviewed during this course. Course contents are regularly reviewed and up to date materials are quoted.