Anastrophe--Anastrophe (from the Greek: ??ast??f?

, anastrophe, "a turning back o r about") is a figure of speech in which a language's usual word order is invert ed: for example, saying "smart you are" to mean "you are smart". Anaphora-In rhetoric, an Anaphora (Greek: ??af???, "carrying back") is a rhetori cal device that consists of repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of n eighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis. In contrast, an epistrophe (o r epiphora) is repeating words at the clauses' ends. Example-In every cry of In every infant's cry of In every voice, in every The mind-forged manacles every man, fear, ban, I hear:

Antithesis (Greek for "setting opposite", from ??t? "against" + ??s?? "position" ) is a counter-proposition and denotes a direct contrast to the original proposi tion. In setting the opposite, an individual brings out a contrast in the meanin g (e.g., the definition, interpretation, or semantics) by an obvious contrast in the expression. Some other examples of antithesis are: A) B) C) D) Man proposes, God disposes. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice. Many are called, but few are chosen. Rude words bring about sadness, but kind words inspire joy.

Apposition is a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun ph rases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to define or modify the other. When this device is used, the two elements are said to be in apposition. For example, in the phrase "my friend Alice", the name "Alice" is in apposition to "my friend". In linguistics, ellipsis (from the Greek: ???e????, lleipsis, "omission") or elli ptical construction refers to the omission from a clause of one or more words th at would otherwise be required by the remaining elements. There are numerous dis tinct types of ellipsis acknowledged in theoretical syntax.

John can play the guitar, and Mary can play the violin. - Gapping Fred took a picture of you, and Susan took a picture of me. - Gapping

Epistrophe (Greek: ?p?st??f?, "return") is the repetition of the same word or wo rds at the end of successive phrases, clauses or sentences. It is also known as epiphora Example-When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thoug ht as a child. In linguistics, a homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings.[ 1] Thus homonyms are simultaneously homographs (words that share the same spelli ng, regardless of their pronunciation) and homophones (words that share the same

pronunciation, regardless of their spelling). The state of being a homonym is c alled homonymy Hyperbole (play /ha?'p?rb?li?/ hy-PUR-b?-lee;[1] Greek: ?pe???? hyperbole, "exagg eration") is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but i s not meant to be taken literally.[2] Hyperboles are exaggerations to create emphasis or effect. As a literary device, hyperbole is often used in poetry, and is frequently encountered in casual spee ch. An example of hyperbole is: "The bag weighed a ton" In rhetoric, parallelism means giving two or more parts of the sentences a simil ar form so as to give the whole a definite pattern. The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play which suggests two or m ore meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding w ords, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.[ Tautology (from Greek tauto, "the same" and logos, "word/idea") is an unnecessar y repetition of meaning, using dissimilar words that effectively say the same th ing (often originally from different languages) Example:"first introduced" "free gift"

A spoonerism is an error in speech or deliberate play on words in which correspo nding consonants, vowels, or morphemes are switched (see metathesis). Example:Three cheers for our queer old dean!" (dear old queen, referring to Quee n Victoria) "Is it kisstomary to cuss the bride?" (customary to kiss) "The Lord is a shoving leopard." (a loving shepherd) "A blushing crow." (crushing blow) An euphemism is a generally harmless word, name, or phrase that replaces an offe nsive or suggestive one.[1] Some euphemisms intend to amuse, while others intend to give positive appearances to negative events or even mislead entirely. Euphe misms are used for dissimulation, to refer to taboo topics (such as disability, sex, or death) in a polite way, and to mask profanity. Example: Using a personal name, such as "Willy" or "Dick" for penis, "Fanny" for "but tocks" (in America) or "vulva" (in UK, Ireland, and Australia) Using a less harsh term with similar meaning. For instance, "messed up" is a euphemism for "screwed up", which in turn is a euphemism for "fucked up" Other slang, such as "pot" for marijuana, "laid" for sexual intercourse

Irony (from the Ancient Greek e????e?a eironea, meaning dissimulation or feigned ignorance)[1] is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or situation in which there is an incongruity between the literal and the implied meaning. No written method for indicating irony exists, though an irony punctuation mark has been pr

oposed. In the 1580s, Henry Denham introduced a rhetorical question mark or perc ontation point which looks like a reversed question mark. This mark was also pro posed by the French poet Marcel Bernhardt at the end of the 19th century to indi cate irony or sarcasm. In rhetoric, litotes (play /'la?t?ti?z/,[1] US /'l?t?ti?z/ or /la?'to?ti?z/) is a figure of speech in which understatement is employed for rhetorical effect,[2] principally via double negatives.[3][4] For example, rather than saying that so mething is attractive (or even very attractive), one might merely say it is "not unattractive".

Litotes: ying: "Not bad." "[...] no ordinary city." Acts 21:39 (NIV) pressive city." "He was not unfamiliar with the works of Dickens." ed with the works of Dickens." "She is not as young as she was." ld." "He's no oil painting." ly." "Not unlike..." " "You are not wrong." ."

As a means of sa "Good." "[...] a very im "He was acquaint "She's o "He's ug "Like... "You are correct

Metonymy (play /m?'t?n?mi/ mi-TONN-?-mee) [1] is a figure of speech used in rhet oric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. Metonyms can be e ither real or fictional concepts representing other concepts real or fictional, but they must serve as an effective and widely understood second name for what t hey represent. For instance, "Hollywood" is used as a metonym (an instance of metonymy) for the US cinema industry, because of the fame and cultural identity of Hollywood, a d istrict of the city of Los Angeles, California, as the historical center of film studios and film stars. Another example is "Westminster", which is used as a me tonym for the Parliament of the United Kingdom, because it is located there. A t hird example showing a different version of metonymy is the fictional character Scrooge McDuck's "money bin" or indeed Scrooge himself, often used in Disney wor ks and parody works as metonymous with wealth - most currency in the modern era is now stored electronically, but the money bin is still drawn in comics and per sists as a pop culture metonym for any financial holding of great value.

A metaphor is a literary figure of speech that describes a subject by asserting that it is, on some point of comparison, the same as another otherwise unrelated object. Metaphor is a type of analogy and is closely related to other rhetorica l figures of speech that achieve their effects via association, comparison or re

semblance including allegory, hyperbole, and simile. One of the most prominent examples of a metaphor in English literature is the Al l the world's a stage monologue from As You Like It: All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances;

An oxymoron (plural oxymora or oxymorons) (from Greek ??? ????, "sharp dull") is a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms. Oxymora appear in a variety of contexts, including inadvertent errors such as ground pilot and literary oxy morons crafted to reveal a paradox.

The most common form of oxymoron involves an adjective-noun combination of two w ords. For example, the following line from Tennyson's Idylls of the King contain s two oxymora: "And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true." Other examples of oxymora of this kind are: Dark light Living dead Guest host

In literature, the paradox is an anomalous juxtaposition of incongruous ideas fo r the sake of striking exposition or unexpected insight. It functions as a metho d of literary composition - and analysis - which involves examining apparently c ontradictory statements and drawing conclusions either to reconcile them or to e xplain their presence.[1] Literary or rhetorical paradoxes abound in the works of Oscar Wilde and G. K. Ch esterton. Other literature deals with paradox of situation; Rabelais, Cervantes, Sterne, Borges, and Chesterton are recognized as masters of situational as well as verbal paradox. Statements such as Wilde s I can resist anything except temptat ion and Chesterton s spies do not look like spies [2] are examples of rhetorical parad ox. Further back, Polonius observation that though this be madness, yet there is m ethod in t is a memorable third.[2] Also, statements that are illogical and metapho ric may be called "paradoxes", for example "the pike flew to the tree to sing". The literal meaning is illogical, but there are many interpretations for this me taphor.

A proverb (from Latin: proverbium) is a simple and concrete saying popularly kno wn and repeated, which expresses a truth, based on common sense or the practical experience of humanity. They are often metaphorical. A proverb that describes a basic rule of conduct may also be known as a maxim. Proverbs are often borrowed from similar languages and cultures, and sometimes c ome down to the present through more than one language. Both the Bible (includin

g, but not limited to the Book of Proverbs) and medieval Latin (aided by the wor k of Erasmus) have played a considerable role in distributing proverbs across Eu rope, although almost every culture has examples of its own.

Haste makes waste A stitch in time saves nine. Ignorance is bliss Mustn't cry over spilled milk. You can catch more flies with honey than you can with vinegar. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him drink. Those who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. Well begun is half done. A little learning is a dangerous thing. Don't poke the bear. A rolling stone gathers no moss. It is better to be smarter than you appear than to appear smarter than you a re. Good things come to those who wait. A poor workman blames his tools. A dog is a man's best friend

Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in w hich vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally w ith the intent of shaming individuals, and society itself, into improvement.[1] Although satire is usually meant to be funny, its greater purpose is often const ructive social criticism, using wit as a weapon.

A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things, usua lly by employing the words "like" or "as" also, but less commonly, "if", or "tha n". A simile differs from a metaphor in that the latter compares two unlike thin gs by saying that the one thing is the other thing.[1]

She walks as gracefully as a cat. He was as hungry as a lion. He was as mean as a bull. She wasn't as smart as Vanessa. Spider was fat as an elephant