Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Design of composite columns under high temperatures with special consideration of imperfections
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jrg Lange Dipl.-Ing. Anja Urbach
STAHLBAU

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Outlining
Introduction Thermal Analysis Mechanical Analysis Imperfections Conclusion

31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Advantages of composite columns

Introduction Advantages Types Heating and load behaviour Calculation of fire resistance Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

Small dimensions at high load level Uniform dimension in multi-storey building High fire resistance because of the insulation properties of concrete No additional fire proofing

31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Advantages Types Heating and load behaviour Calculation of fire resistance Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Advantages of composite columns

Introduction Advantages Types Heating and load behaviour Calculation of fire resistance Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

Small dimensions at high load level Uniform dimension in multi-storey building High fire resistance using the insulation properties of concrete No additional fire proofing

31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Types of composite columns

Introduction Advantages Types Heating and load behaviour Calculation of fire resistance Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

ts

31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Heating and load behaviour

Introduction Advantages Types Heating and load behaviour Calculation of fire resistance Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

Temperature distribution after 90 minutes of standard fire exposure

31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Calculation of fire resistance

Introduction Advantages Types Heating and load behaviour Calculation of fire resistance Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

Divided in two independent steps Thermal analysis

Calculation of the temperature distribution over the cross section

Mechanical analysis
Calculation of the axial buckling load Considering thermally induced stresses Including geometrical Imperfection

31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Thermal properties
Introduction Thermal analysis Thermal properties Standard fire exposure Natural fire exposure Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

steel Thermal conductivity (20C)

concrete

53 W/m K

2 W/m K

Heat capacity c (20C)

440 J/kg K

900 J/kg K

Convection coefficient c

25 W/m K

25 W/m K

Emissivity coefficient res

9 31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

0,56

0,56

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Standard fire ISO-834

Introduction Thermal analysis Thermal properties Standard fire exposure
Temperature in C 1200

1000

Natural fire exposure Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

800

600

400

200

0 0 30 60 Time in min.
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90

120

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Thermal properties Standard fire exposure Natural fire exposure Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

Temperature distribution under standard fire exposure (90 min.)

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Thermal properties Standard fire exposure Natural fire exposure Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

Temperature distribution under standard fire exposure (90 min.)

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Natural fire exposure

Introduction Thermal analysis Thermal properties Standard fire exposure Natural fire exposure Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion Fire load: qfid = 1700 MJ/m; opening factor: O = 0.14 m0.5
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0
31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Temperature in C

30

60 Time in min.

90

120

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Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Thermal properties Standard fire exposure Natural fire exposure Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

Temperature distribution under natural fire exposure (90 min.)

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Stress-strain relationship Calculation procedure Imperfections Conclusion

Stress-strain relationship for steel at elevated temperatures

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Stress-strain relationship Calculation procedure Imperfections Conclusion

Stress-strain relationship for concrete at elevated temperatures

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

1,000

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Stress-strain relationship Calculation procedure Imperfections Conclusion

a() / f a(20C)

= 400C = 0,004

0,900 0,800 0,700 0,600 0,500 0,400 0,300 0,200 0,100 0,000 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 a() in % 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0

400C

= 200C = 0,004

1,000 0,900 0,800 0,700 a() / fa(20C) 0,600 0,500 0,400 0,300 0,200 0,100

Nzentr = (ai,,Aai + ci,,Aci)

200C

Nki =
2,0

(Eai,,Iai + Eci,,Ici) sk2

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

0,000 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 a() in % 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Stress-strain relationship Calculation procedure Imperfections Conclusion

Resistance of the cross-section as a function of axial strain

Npl = - 5607 kN max Nzentr = - 5000 kN

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Stress-strain relationship Calculation procedure Imperfections Conclusion

Euler buckling load as a function of axial strain

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Stress-strain relationship Calculation procedure Imperfections Conclusion

Determination of the axial buckling load

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Thermally induced stress

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Thermally induced stress Effect of residual stress Geometrical imperfection Conclusion

Residual stresses Assumption of a plane cross-section Thermal elongation th is a function of Outside: compression inside: tension temperature
th w eigen

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Thermally induced stress Effect of residual stress Geometrical imperfection Conclusion

Effect of residual stresses on the axial buckling load

Additional compressive stress at the outer range of the cross-section Decrease of stiffness

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Thermally induced stress Effect of residual stress Geometrical imperfection Conclusion

Axial buckling load as a function of the buckling length

Axial buckling load (z-axis)

Axial buckling load (y-axis)

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Thermally induced stress Effect of residual stress Geometrical imperfection Conclusion

Geometrical imperfection and eccentric loading

Determination of the moment-curvature relationship Consideration of the unequal distribution of the stiffness along the column
Stiffness is dependent upon load

Second-order analysis including geometrical imperfection

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Conclusion
Introduction Thermal analysis Mechanical analysis Imperfections Conclusion

The calculation of fire resistance of composite columns is divided in two steps Thermal analysis calculates the temperature distribution over the cross section Mechanical analysis with temperature dependent material laws Thermal stress decreases the axial buckling load

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics Institute for Steel structures and fractural mechanics

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics Institute for Steel structures and fractural mechanics

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach

Institute for Steel Structures and Fracture Mechanics

Thank you for your attention

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31.03.2004 Anja Urbach