i

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled OPTIMUM DESIGN OF STEEL BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACED FRAMES UNDER

SEISMIC EXCITATION submitted by Sri. B. Venkata Reddy in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Doctorate Degree in Civil Engineering at Jawaharlal Nehru University of Technology, Anantapur is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any other university/institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Date:
Dr. Vaishali, Ghorpade, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur- 515 002

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would have never succeeded in completing my thesis work without the cooperation, encouragement and help provided to me by various personalities. With deep sense of gratitude I express my sincere thanks to my esteemed supervisor Dr. Vaishali for her Ghorpade, invaluable JNTU College of

Engineering,

Anantapur

guidance,

sincere

encouragement. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Dr. H. Sudharsan Rao, Professor of Civil Engineering who Department been a JNTU constant College source of of

Engineering,

Anantapur

has

inspiration throughout the thesis work. Sincere thanks extended Dr. Ramancharla Pradeep Kumar, Professor, IIIT Hyderabad for his inspiration in selecting the research topic and clarifications of uncertainties. I also express my heartfelt thanks are to all who helped me directly or indirectly in completing the thesis work successfully. I deeply concern to my wife Varalakshmi, grandson Lochan Reddy, daughter Sharmila and son Mahidhara Reddy for their understanding and cooperation.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No Certificate Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Abstract

Page No i ii iii v vi vii

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview

1.2 Steel Moment Resisting Frames 1.3 Steel Buckling Restrained Braced Frames 1.3.1 Concept of BRB 1.3.2 BRBFs and Applicable Codes 1.4 Analysis, Design and Specifications

1.5 Structural Optimization 1.6 Objective and Scope of Research 1.7 Organization of the Thesis

LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 General 2.2 Optimization of Steel Frames 2.3 Moment Resisting Frames

2.4 Buckling Restrained Braced Frames

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ANALYSIS PROCEDURES 3.1 General 3.2 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure 3.3 Nonlinear Time History Analysis

OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM FORMULATION 4.1 General 4.2 Problem Statement 4.3 Algorithm Development 4.4 Application of the Algorithm

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 5.1 Results of Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure 5.2 Results of Nonlinear Time History Analysis 5.3 Results of Optimization

CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

Appendix-A Appendix-B Appendix-C Appendix-D ---

List of Tables

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List of Figures

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ABSTRACT

The proposed work presents the development of a design procedure for Buckling Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF), which are a type of lateral load resisting systems. The concept of BRBF is relatively new and recently their use has increased in United States, United Kingdom and Japan. However, detailed design provisions for this type of bracings are currently under the process of development. In this context an approach for optimum design of BRBF is considered in ths study. The provisions and specifications of IS 800-2007 are used in developing the design algorithm. Further this developed design procedure is applied to steel model building frames of 6, 9, 12 and 15 storeys. In this approach, the lateral loads under consideration and their combinations are as per IS: 1893(Part-1)-2002. Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) Procedure and Nonlinear Time History (NTH) Analysis were used to perform analysis for above considered frames. The NTH Analysis includes an elasto-plastic model for the braces.

The frame members are designed for the (obtained) forces and moments using the proposed optimization algorithm, which is based on an Interior Penalty Function (IPF) method. The summary of results is presented.

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The results obtained from NTH and ELF procedures for MRF and BRBF were discussed. The ELF procedure is judged against NTH analysis. It is shown that NTH analysis is identified where the ELF procedure produces excessively conservative designs.

Since the NTH procedure is more computationally expensive than the ELF procedure, optimum weight charts and design charts are developed for quick sizing or identifying brace areas of BRBF based on the NTH analysis. Among the conclusions at the end of the thesis, the surprising result is that the design charts show a near linear variation of brace area from story to storey. ---