TWO MARK QUESTIONS UNIT I 1. What is Production management?

Production is the process by which Raw materials and other inputs are converted into finished products. Production management refers to the application of management principles to the production function in a factory. Production management refers to the application of management principles to the production function in a factory. In other words, production management involves application of planning, organising, directing and controlling to the production process. 2. What is Operations management? Operations management is the process in which resorurces/inputs are converted into more useful products Operations management consists of tactics such as scheduling work, assigning resources including people, managing inventories, assessing quality standards. Production management and operations management are differentiated based on tangibilities of finished goods/services. 3. State Production system model 1) Production system 2) conversion sub-system 3) control sub-system 4. State Decision Making in POM Operation managers are required to make a series of decisions in the production function. The decisions made by operation managers about the activities of production systems tend to fall into three general categories, viz.,

i. ii. iii.

Strategic decisions Operating decisions Control decisions

5. State the Importance of production function in operational management Production function can offer competitive advantage to a firm in the following areas: 1. Shorter new-product lead time. 2. More inventory turns. 3. Shorter manufacturing lead time. 4. Higher quality. 5. Greater flexibility. 6. Better customer service. 7. Reduced wastage. 6. Characteristics of production and operations function 1. Manufacturing as Competitive Advantage 2. Service Orientation 3. Disappearance of Smokestacks 4. Small has become beautiful 7. Recent Trends In operations management Global Competition Operations Strategy Flexibility Cycle Time Reduction Business Process Re-engineering Supply Chain Management Workers Involvement TQM

8. What is strategy? The term strategy is drawn from Military Science. It refers to actions that can be taken in the light of action taken by the opposite party. In business field, it refers to the actions of a businessman to offset the potential actions of competitors. 9. What is Strategic management? Strategic management embraces a set of decisions, actions and interactions which help in designing an effective strategic network to facilitate the accomplishment of organisations mission 10. What is Operations strategy? The approach, consistent with organization strategy, which is used to guide the operations function. 11. What is Order qualifiers? Characteristics that customers perceive as minimum standards of acceptability to be considered as a potential purchase

12. What is Order winners Characteristics of an organizations goods or services that cause it to be perceived as better than the competition

13. What are the elements of operation strategy Designing the production system Product Design Production Systems Finished goods inventory policy

14. What is International Operations Management International Operations Management is the transformation-related activities of an international firm

UNITII 1. What is Forecasting? Forecasting is the first step in planning. It is defined as estimating the future demand for products and services and the resources necessary to produce these outputs

2. What are the different Types of Forecasts? Technological forecasts: Concerned with rates of technological progress Economic forecasts: Statements of expected future business conditions. Demand forecasts: Projections of demand for a company's products or services throughout some future period. 3. State Forecasting Time Horizons Short-range forecast: Has a time span of upto one year, but usually less than 3 months. Medium-range forecast: Has a time span from 3 months to 3 years. Long-range forecast: Has a time span of 3 years or more.

4. State the Objectives of Demand Forecasting 1. Helping for continuous production 2. Regular supply of commodities 3. Formulation of price policy 4. Arrangement of finance 5. Labor requirement

5.State the Steps in the Forecasting Process Determine the purpose (objectives) of the forecast Select the items for which forecasts are needed Determine the time horizon for the forecast Select the forecasting model (method or technique) Gather and analyse the data needed for the forecast Prepare the forecast Monitor the forecast

6. What are the Characteristics of demand? Average - Demand tends to cluster around a specific level. Trend - Demand consistently increases or decreases over time.

Seasonality - Demand shows peaks and valleys at consistent intervals. These intervals can be hours, days, weeks, months, years, or seasons. Cyclicity - Demand gradually increases and decreases over an extended period of time, such as years. Business cycles (recession/expansion) product life cycles influence this component of demand. Elasticity - Degree of responsiveness of demand to a corresponding proportionate change in factors effecting it. 7. What is qualitative method? It involves the prediction of economic aggregates such as inflation, unemployment, GDP growth, short-term interest rates, and trade flows. -It is very difficult because of the complex interdependencies in the overall economic factors

8. What are theTypes of qualitative methods? Survey of buyers intensions Experts opinion method Delphi method Market experimentation method

9. What are the Featuresof Buyers intension survey? Employs sample survey techniques for gathering data. Data is collected from end users of goods - consumer, producer,mixed. Data portrays biases and preferences of customers.

Ideal for short and medium term demand forecasting, is cost effective and reliable.

10. What are the Advantages of Buyers intension survey?

Helps in approximating future requirements even without past data. Accurate method as buyers needs and wants are clearly identified & catered to. Most effective way of assessing demand for new firms

11. What are the Featuresof Experts opinion methods? Panel of experts in same field with experience & working knowledge. Combines input from key information sources. Exchange of ideas and claims. Final decision is based on majority or consensus, reached from experts forecasts

12. What are the Advantages of Experts opinion method? Can be undertaken easily without the use of elaborate statistical tools. Incorporates a variety of extensive opinions from expert in the field.

13. What is Delphi method? Panel of experts is selected. One co-ordinator is chosen by members of the jury Anonymous forecasts are made by experts based on a common questionnaire. Co-ordinator renders an average of all forecasts made to each of the members

14. What are the Advantages of Delphi method? Eliminates need for group meetings. Eliminates biases in group meetings articipants can change their opinions anonymously

15. What is Quantitative Methods? Involves the prediction of activity of particular firms, branded products, commodities, markets, and industries. Are much more reliable than macroeconomic methods because the dimensionality of factors is lower and often can easily be incorporated into a model. 16. What are the different Time series models? Trend analysis Moving averages methods Exponential smoothing

Causal models Regression models

17. What is Time series model? Time series models use a series of past data to make a forecast for the future. Time series is a time-ordered sequence of observations taken at regular intervals over a period of time.

18. What is Moving average method? Data from a number of consecutive past periods is combined to provide forecast for coming periods. Higher the amount of previous data, better is the forecast. Since the averages are calculated on a moving basis, the seasonal and cyclical variations are smoothened out.

19. What is Exponential smoothing? Used in cases where the variable under forecast doesnt follow a trend. 2 Types- Simple and Weighted.

Simple smoothing- simple average of specific observation called order. Weighted smoothing- weights assigned in decreasing order as one moves from current period observations to previous observations.

20. What is Regression model? It is a statistical technique for quantifying the relationship between variables. In simple regression analysis, there is one dependent variable (e.g. sales) to be forecast and one independent variable. The values of the independent variable are typically those assumed to "cause" or determine the values of the dependent variable.

21. What is Capacity Planning? Production capacity is defined as the maximum production rate of a facility or a plant

22. What are the Types of Capacity Planning? 23. What is Aggregate planning? 24. What are the Objectives of Master Production Scheduling? 1. To schedule end items to be completed promptly and when promised to customers. 2. To avoid overloading or underloading the production facility so that production capacity is efficiently utilized and low production costs result. Aggregate planning involves planning the best quality to produce in the intermediaterange horizon (3 months to one year). Long term Capacity Planning Short-term Capacity Planing Finite Capacity Planning Infinite Capacity Planning.

25. What is Material requirement planning (MRP)? MRP refers to the basic calculations used to determine components required from end item requirements. It also refers to a broader information system that uses the dependence relationship to plan and control manufacturing operations. Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) is a technique for determining the quantity and timing for the acquisition of dependent demand items needed to satisfy master production schedule requirements.

26. What is Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II)? Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) is defined by APICS as a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company

UNIT -III

1. What is Product Design?

Product design refers to the arrangement of elements that collectively form a good or service. It is concerned with the form and function of the product. Functional design deals with what function the product will perform and how it performs. Form design is concerned with the appearance and aesthetic considerations and also the size, volume and weight of the product which are secondary to the performance of the product.

2. What is the importance of Product Design? Production or operations strategy is directly influenced by product design for the following reasons As products are designed, all the detailed characteristics of each product are established. Each product characteristic directly affects how the product can be made or produced. How the product is made determines the design of production system which is the heart of production and operations strategy.

3. What are the objectives of Product Design? The overall objective is profit generation in the long run. To achieve the desired product quality. To reduce the development time and cost to the minimum. To reduce the cost of the product. To ensure producibility and manufacturability.

4. List out the characteristics of a good product design A good product design must ensure the following: Function or performance Appearance or aesthetics Reliability Maintainability Availability Producibility simplification standardization specification safety

5. Name the approaches of product design. The following are the approaches of product design designing for the customer designing for manufacture and assembly designing for ease of production designing for quality designing for ergonomics designing for environmental protection designing for recycling designing for disassembly designing for mass customization

6. What is Process Planning? A process is a sequence of activities that is intended to achieve some result, typically to create added value for the customers. Process planning is concerned with planning the conversion processes needed to convert the raw material into finished products. It consists of two parts: (i) process design and (ii) operations design

Process design is concerned with the overall sequences of operations required to achieve the product specifications. It specifies the type of work stations to be used, the machines and equipments necessary to carry out the operations.

Operations design is concerned with the design of the individual manufacturing operation. Operations design must specify how much labour and machine time is required to produce each unit of the product.

7. What is Process Selection? Process selection refers to the way production of goods or services is organized. It is the basis for decisions regarding capacity planning, facilities layout, equipments and design of work systems. Process selection is necessary when a firm takes up production of new products or services to be offered to the customers.

8. What is Process Strategy? What are the key aspects in Process Strategy? A process strategy is an organisations approach to process selection for the purpose of transforming resource inputs into goods and services. The objective of a process strategy is to find a way to produce goods and services that meet customer requirement and product specification within the constraints of cost and other managerial limitations. Key aspects in process strategy include:

Make or buy decisions Capital intensity Process flexibility

9. What is meant by capital intensity? CAPITAL INTENSITY is the mix of equipment and human skills in a production process. Capital intensity will be high if the relative cost of equipment is high when compared to the cost of human labour.

10. Mention the Operation strategies for services The competitive priorities for service firms include Low product costs Delivery performance fast and on time delivery. High quality services Customer service and flexibility

Service firm also need positioning strategies for their survival and growth in service economy. A positioning strategy for service includes, Type of service design Type of production process

11. Name the different types of service operations. Three types of service operations are: Quasi manufacturing Customer as participants Customer as product

12. What is Work Study? Work study is a generic term for method study and work measurement which are used in the examination of human work in all its contexts. And which lead systematically to the investigation of all the factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect improvement. 13. Define Method Study. Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective methods and reducing costs.

14. Define Work Measurement. Work measurement is the application or techniques designed to establish the time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level or performance.

15. What does Productivity refers to? Productivity is the quantitative relation between what we produce and we use as a resource to produce them, i.e., arithmetic ratio of amount produced (output) to the amount of resources (input). Productivity can be expressed as: Productivity = Output /Input Productivity refers to the efficiency of the production system. It is the concept that guides the management of production system. It is an indicator to how well the factors of production (land, capital, labour and energy) are utilised. 16. Give a short note on scheduling strategies for services Some of the more common approaches to scheduling services are: Schedule for peak demand Chase demand

(i)Schedule for Peak Demand This approach means that sufficient capacity will be made available at any time to meet the peak expected demand. This approach is advantageous in that it allows for demand to be met all times under normal conditions. (ii)Chase Demand Two strategies used in aggregate planning for production of goods to adjust the production rate to match demand-varying the workforce and using over time can be very useful for service companies if the expected demand for services can de estimated with reasonable accuracy.

17. What is Cyclic Schedule? Cyclic schedule or rotating schedule rotates employees through a series of workdays or hours. Over a period of time, each person has the same opportunity to have weekends or holidays off and to workdays as well as evenings and nights. A rotating schedule gives each employee the next employees schedule the following week. In contrast a fixed schedule calls for each employee to work the same days and hours each week.

18. What is Method Engineering? Method study is also called methods engineering or work design. Method engineering is used to describe collection of analysis techniques which focus on improving the effectiveness of men and machines. 19. List down the objectives of Method Study techniques. The objectives of method study techniques are: Present and analyse true facts concerning the situation. To examine those facts critically. To develop the best answer possible under given circumstances based on critical examination of facts.

20. What are the various techniques of Work Measurement? Various techniques of work measurement are: Time study (stop watch technique), Synthesis, Work sampling, Predetermined motion and time study, Analytical estimating.

UNIT-IV 1. Define Material Management. Bailey and Farmer define material management as the management of the flow of materials into an organization to the point, where, those materials are converted into the firms end products. A process encompassing acquisition, shipping, receiving, evaluation, warehousing and distribution of goods, supplies and equipment. 2. What is Material Planning? Material planning is a scientific technique of determining in advance the requirements of raw materials, ancillary parts and components, spares etc. as directed by the production programme. It is a sub-system in the overall planning activity. 3. What are factors influencing the activity of material planning? There are many factors, which influence the activity of material planning. These factors can be classified as macro and micro systems. 1. Macro factors: Some of the micro factors which affect material planning, are price trends, business cycles Govt. import policy etc. 2. Micro factors: Some of the micro factors that affect material planning are plant capacity utilization, rejection rates, lead times, inventory levels, working capital, delegation of powers and communication. 4. What is Material Budgeting? It is the process of preparing materials budget or purchase budget in terms of quantity and money value of materials to be procured for a given period of time. 5. List out the purpose of material budgets. The main purposes served by the materials budget are as follows: (i) The financial resource availability is known exactly through materials budget provisions and hence the materials management department can plan its purchases and long term purchase contract s with suppliers optimally taking into consideration price trends, market position, and trend in sales etc.

(ii)

The prices of the materials based on which budgets are prepared and the actual prices at which materials are bought are compared.

(iii) The cash requirements for procuring materials can be clearly projected for the budgeted period and also for shorter time periods such as month or quarter in the planning horizon.

6. What are the benefits of Material Budgets? Materials Budget helps the finance department to draw up a realistic schedule of cash requirements for each operating period. In purchasing, knowledge of materials requirements over an extended period of time facilitates forward buying. Inventory investment and its associated risks can be reduced by advance planning of material requirements. Materials budget provide maximum purchasing lead time. Additional lead time also produces savings by the use of routine rather than premium transportation, by a reduction in expediting costs and by smoothing of purchasing work load. Supplier relationships can be improved and costs can be reduced because of availability of time to most purchasing requirements with the suppliers production schedule more effectively. 7. What is Material Control? Material Control is the function of maintaining constantly, availability of all kinds of materials required for the manufacture of products. Functional responsibilities include the requitioning of materials for purchase in economic quantities at the proper time, and their receipts, storage and production, the issuing of materials to production upon authorized request and the maintenance and verification of inventory records.

8. What is the importance of Material Control? (i) Material control helps in providing raw materials and parts in proper quantities and when they are needed. (ii) Material control supports in scheduling large quantities of materials in sufficient quantities to meet the production needs but without excessive accumulation in stock piles. (iii)The process of material control maintains the flow of materials into the plant through production and into finished products storage or into the shipping department.

9. What is MMIS? Material management is a system, which organizes and co-ordinates all management functions that are responsible for every aspect of material movements, storage and transformation. Management information system provides information on line, which is useful for decision making. 10. Define Purchasing. Purchasing is defined as an act of buying an item at a price. Purchasing is an important function of materials management. In any industry purchase means buying of equipments, materials, tools, parts etc. required for industry. 11. List out the various Purchasing Policies. Ancillary Development Make or Buy decisions Speculative buying Vendor Rating Value Analysis Ethics in purchasing Reciprocity Purchasing for employees Gifts

12. What is Vendor Rating? Vendor rating is the process of rating a supplier based on some rating technique. The evaluation of supplier or vendor rating provides valuable information which help in improving the quality of the decision. In the vendor rating three basic aspects are considered namely quality, service and price. 13. Define Stores. Store is a building where goods are kept. A store is defined as supplies of goods and storage is defined as the act of storing the goods. Stores or storage is the function of receiving, storing and issuing materials. 14. List down the functions of Stores. The functions of stores may be listed as follows: To receive raw materials and account for them. To provide adequate and proper storage and preservation to the various items. To meet the demands of the consuming departments by proper issues and account for the consumption. To minimize obsolescence, surplus and scrap through proper codification, preservation and handling. To highlight stock accumulation, discrepancies and abnormal consumption and effect control measures. To ensure good housekeeping so that materials handling, materials preservation, stocking receipt and issue can be done adequately. To assist in verification and provide supporting information for effective purchase action.

15. Mention the ways by which stocks can be located. There are three basic ways of locating stock: a. Fixed location b. Random location c. Zoned location

Fixed location: Fixed location means that, goods of a particular type have a position in the store assigned to them exclusively. Random location: Random location means that items can be stored in any storage position which is available. Space is thus better utilized but, particularly where there are a large number of product lines, a record has to be kept of where goods are frequency of when they entered the storage area. Zoned location: Zoned location means that goods of a particular product group are kept in a given area. They may be randomly stored in a zoned location or stored according to fixed locations. 16. Write a note on different types of stores layout. Stock may be kept on one side of the aisle in which case it is called comb type layout or goods may be placed on either side of the aisle in which case the method is called tree type layout. Selecting a particular type depends on the availability of space and layout of the building. 17. What is Codification? Codification is a process of representing each item by a number, the digit of which indicates the group, the sub-group, the type and the dimension of the item. Whatever may be the basis, each code should uniquely represent one item. It should be simple and capable of being understood by all. Codification should be compact, concise, consistent and flexible enough to accommodate new items.

18. What is Inventory Management? Inventory Management is the process of maintaining the stock of materials in order to avoid over stocking or under stocking of raw materials, finished goods etc. 19. What is Inventory Control? What are the techniques of Inventory Control? When the number of items in inventory is large and then large amount of money is needed to create such inventory, it becomes the concern of the management to have a proper control over its ordering, procurement, maintenance and consumption. The control can be for order quality and order frequency. The different techniques of inventory control are: (1) ABC analysis, (2) HML analysis, (3) VED analysis, (4) FSN analysis, (5) SDE analysis, (6) GOLF analysis and (7) SOS analysis. 20. What does JIT stands for? Just-In-Time (JIT) Manufacturing is a philosophy rather than a technique. By eliminating all waste and seeking continuous improvement, it aims at creating manufacturing system that is response to the market needs. JIT is defined as the Production methodology which aims to improve overall productivity through elimination of waste and which leads to improved quality.

UNIT-V 1. What is a Project? A project is an organized endeavor to accomplish a specified non-routine or low volume task. Although project is not repetitive, they take significant amount of time to complete and are large scale or complex enough to be recognized and managed as separate undertakings.

2. List out the various project scheduling Techniques. The scheduling methodology depends upon the type of industry, organization, product, and level of sophistication required. They are: 1. Charts and boards, 2. Priority decision rules, and 3. Mathematical programming methods 3. What is priority decision rules? Priority decision rules are simplified guidelines for determining the sequence in which jobs will be done. In some firms these rules take the place of priority planning systems such as MRP systems. Following are some of the priority rules followed. 4. List out the purpose of CPM. Purpose of CPM: To ensure logical discipline in planning ,scheduling and controlling projects To encourage more long range and detailed planning of projects To provide management with periodic reports as the project progress To identify the most critical element of the plan

5. What is PERT? PERT was designed to determine and integrate all the activity required to accomplish program objectives on time. PERT is a statistical technique -diagnostic and prognostic- for quantifying knowledge about uncertainties faced in completing intellectual and physical activities for timely achievement of program deadlines.

PERT Technique is based on the concept that in any program there are three significant variables: Time, Resources (personnel, facilities, funds) Performance specifications.

6. Mention the advantages of Scheduling Scheduling advantages are explained below. Coordinates total project and all interrelated activities. Shows relationship of each activity to whole project. Forces logical planning of all activities. Facilitates work organization and assignment. Identifies precedence relationships and activity sequences that are especially critical. Provides completion times (and/or cost) estimates and a standard for comparing with actual values. Facilitates better use of resources by identifying areas where human, material or financial resources can be shifted.

7. What is Facility Location? Facility location is the function of determining location for a plant for maximum operating economy and effectiveness.

8. List out the steps involved in Selection. To be systematic, in choosing a plant location, the entrepreneur would do well to proceed step by step, the steps being; Within the country or outside Selection of the region Selection of the locality or community Selection of the exact site

9. Name the various methods of location models Factor rating method Weighted factor rating method Load-distance method Centre of gravity method Break-even analysis.

10.What is Break Even Analysis? Break even analysis implies that at some point in the operations, total revenue equals total cost. Break even analysis is concerned with finding the point at which revenues and costs agree exactly. It is called Break-even Point.

11. What is mean by Plant Layout? A plant layout refers to the arrangement of machinery, equipment and other industrial facilities such as receiving and shipment departments, tool rooms, maintenance rooms and employee amenities-for the purpose of achieving the quickest and smoothest production at the least cost

12. What are the different types of facility layout? Layouts can be classified into the following five categories: Process layout Product layout Combination layout Fixed position layout Group layout

13. What is Process layout? Process layout is recommended for batch production. All machines performing similar type of operations are grouped at one location in the process layout e.g., all lathes, milling machines, etc. are grouped in the shop will be clustered in like groups. Thus, in process layout the arrangement of facilities are grouped together according to their functions. 14. What is Combination layout? A combination of process and product layouts combines the advantages of both types of layouts. A combination layout is possible where an item is being made in different types and sizes. Here machinery is arranged in a process layout but the process grouping is then arranged in a sequence to manufacture various types and sizes of products. It is to be noted that the sequence of operations remains same with the variety of products and sizes. 15. What is cellular layout? Group Technology (GT) or cellular layout is the analysis and comparisons of items to group them into families with similar characteristics. GT can be used to develop a hybrid between pure process layout and pure flow line (product) layout. This technique is very useful for companies that produce variety of parts in small batches to enable them to take advantage and economics of flow line layout. 16. What is aim of Group Technology? The basic aim of a group technology layout is to identify families of components that require similar of satisfying all the requirements of the machines are grouped into cells. Each cell is capable of satisfying all the requirements of the component family assigned to it. The layout design process considers mostly a single objective while designing layouts.

17. List out the advantages of GT layout. Advantages of Group Technology Layout Group Technology layout can increase 1. Component standardization and rationalization. 2. Reliability of estimates. 3. Effective machine operation and productivity. 4. Customer service.

It can decrease the 1. Paper work and overall production time. 2. Work-in-progress and work movement. 3. Overall cost.

18. What are the tools and techniques available for planning? Various techniques are available for lanning the layout. The most commonly used technique is the use of 2 dimensional templates. Other technique depends upon the method of layout. For example, to design the process layout operations, sequence analysis is mainly used, whereas line balancing is used to design the product layout. 19. What is mean by line balancing? It is the phase of assembly line study that nearly equally divides the work to be done among the workers so that the total number of employees required on the assembly line is determined. 20. State the principle of Cubic Space Utilisation. Principle of cubic space utilisation: The good layout is one that utilise both horizontal and vertical space. It is not only enough if only the floor space is utilised optimally but the third dimension, i.e., the height is also to be utilised effectively.

16 Mark Questions UNIT I 1 . Explain the Production Systems i n det ail 2 . Explain the Importance of product i on s yst e m 3 . State the organizational function of production in detail with diagram 4 . Explain the Characteristics of Modern Production and Operations function. 5 . Explain the Recent Trends in Production and Operations Management. 6 . Explain the Role of Operations in Strategic Management. 7 . State the elements in Production and Operations strategy 8 . State the Competitive Priorities in Production and Operations strategy. 9 . Explain the Nature of International Operations Management.

UNIT II 1. Explain Demand Forecasting in detail 2. Explain the Need and Types of demand forecasting 3. Explain the Objectives and Steps of demand forecasting 4. Describe the Qualitative and Quantitative methods. 5. What is Capacity Planning. Explain Long range and Types in detail 6. Explain Rough cut plan in detail 7. Explain Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) in detail 8 . D e s c r i b e h o w t o Develop c a p a c i t y a l t e r n a t i v e s . 9. Explain Aggregate Planning a n d i t s Approaches, in detail 10. Explain Master Production schedule. in detail 11. Explain MRP, MRP II in detail 12. Explain ERP in detail

UNIT-III 1. State the importance of product design and the factors influencing product design in detail. 2. What is product design? List out the characteristics and approaches of product design. Discuss the legal, ethical and environmental issues in product design. 3. What is process selection? Describe in detail the concept of process strategies. 4. Explain process management and the major process decisions considered by the operations manager in the production unit. 5. Discuss in detail about service operations. 6. Describe the strategies for non-manufacturing operations. 7. Explain what is work study and method study, objectives and discuss how they are interrelated. 8. Define motion study. Explain in detail about the principles of motion study. 9. Give an account on work measurement and the techniques involved in work measurement. 10. Give a detailed description on the concept of productivity and factors influencing productivity. Discuss the productivity improvement techniques.

UNIT -IV
1. Write a brief note on the objectives of Materials Management. 2. What is Material Planning? Discuss the techniques of Material Planning. 3. Give a brief account on Material Budgeting. 4. What is material control? List out the importance of material control and describe the

material control cycle.

5. Describe in detail about purchasing, its objectives and functions. 6. Explain the purchasing policies in detail with examples. 7. Give a detailed description on stores management. 8. Explain the different inventory control techniques. 9. Describe the concept of JIT. 10. Describe classification and codification in detail.

UNIT -V 1. What is facility layout? Discuss the principles of facility layout. 2. Give a detailed description on the types of plant layout. 3. Explain the concept of Group Technology in detail. 4. Describe in detail, the tools and techniques for planning. 5. Describe the various project scheduling techniques in detail. 6. Write down the steps for crashing CPM Networks. 7. Discuss the theories of facility location. 8. Briefly explain the steps for choosing a plant location. 9. Discuss various methods of selecting the new facility location. 10. Write a note on advantages of various types of layouts.