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There are several structures in English that are called conditionals. "Condition" means "situation or circumstance". If a particular condition is true, then a particular result happens.
If y = 10 then 2y = 20 If y = 3 then 2y = 6
they do not pass their exam their teacher will be sad. it rains tomorrow will you stay at home?
result WILL + base verb I will tell Mary He will invite Tara
IF condition present simple if if I see her. she is free tomorrow. they do not pass their exam. it rains tomorrow? it rains tomorrow?
Their teacher will be sad if Will you stay at home What will you do if if
it snowed next July would you be surprised? it snowed next July what would you do?
result WOULD + base verb I would be happy She would marry Ram Would you be surprised What would you do
IF condition past simple if if if if I married Mary. he became rich. it snowed next July? it snowed next July?
If
result WOULD HAVE + past participle I would have told Mary I would have invited Tara Their teacher would have been sad Would you have stayed at home What would you have done
IF condition past perfect if if if if if I had seen her. she had been free yesterday. they had not passed their exam. it had rained yesterday? it had rained yesterday?
IF condition present simple if I miss the 8 o'clock bus. I am late for work. they don't eat.
if
Exercise Choose the phrase which best completes the conditional statement. (1st, 2nd, 3rd or Zero Conditional)
If he comes,
I take her to school by car. I would take her to school by car. she have to walk.
I would buy you some flowers! I would have bought you some flowers. I will buy you some flowers.
If he studies a lot,
he might pass the exam. he would pass the exam. he is going to pass the exam.
if they had had the money. if they had the money. if they were having the money.
I leave on Saturdays
if she will come to visit. if she comes to visit. if she won't come to visit.
If he were President,
he would help the poor more. he will help the poor more. he would have helped the poor more.
they would move to Santa Monica. they would have moved to Santa Monica. they would had moved to Santa Monica.
if you needed my help. if you had asked me for help. if you ask me for help.
if you speak unclear. unless you speak more clearly. if you don't speak clear.
if she had been in your position. if she were in your position. if she was in your position.
if you discovered what he knew. if you had discovered what he knew. if you had discovered what he had known.