TECHNICALINFORMATION

FittingandMountingofRadialBallBearings
The Importance of Correct Fitting for Radial Ball Bearings:
Selectingthepropershaftandhousingfitiscriticalinoptimizingabearingsperformanceandlife.Abearingcan onlyperformtoitsfullcapacitywhenitiscorrectlyfittedontheshaftandinthehousing.Conversely,improper bearingfits,toolooseortootight,canleadtoundesirableoperatingconditionsandearlyfailure. Problemswithfitsthataretoolooseinclude,damagetothebearingseat,excessivewear,noise,vibration,and reducedrotationalaccuracy.Problemswithfitsthataretootightincludereductioninradialplay,overheating, unintendedpreload,andheavymountingforces(ordismounting)arerequired.

General Considerations for Radial Ball Bearings:

Thedesignshouldallowforsupportofthebearingringsacrosstheirentirewidthandcircumference.Thiswill allowforfullutilizationofthebearingsloadcarryingcapacity.Thefitswiththematinghousingandshaftmust beselectedsothatthereisnocreep,orslippage,betweenthecomponents.Forbearingarrangementswitha floatingbearing,oneoftheringsofthenonlocatingbearingmustbeabletomoveintheaxialdirection.Fits shouldbeselectedtoensurethebearingsareeasytoassemble,andinmanycasesdisassembleformainte nanceorreplacement.

Considerations for Selecting Fits for Radial Ball Bearings:

Direction,type,andmagnitudeofloadsBasedontheactualappliedaxialandradialloads,anequivalentradi alloadiscalculated.Generally,tighterfitsarerequiredastheloadincreases.Further,ringssubjectedtocircum ferentialloadingshouldhavetightfits.Forringssubjectedtoonlypointloading,aloosefitmaybeused. InnerorouterringrotationTypically,theringthatisrotatingrequiresaninterferencefit,andthenonrotating ringwouldhaveaslightlyloosefit. ThesizeandtypeofbearingspecifiedThintypeandminiaturebearingsareverysensitivetointerferencefits duetolossofradialplay.Bearingswithheaviercrosssectionsgenerallyrequiretighterfits. MaterialandmanufacturingtolerancesofmatingcomponentsFittolerancesarebasedoncastironorsteel housingsandshafts.Foralloyssuchasaluminum(withadifferentmodulusofelasticity),atighterfitisrequired toachieverigidseating. OperatingtemperatureWithtightfitsandatemperaturedifferentialbetweentheinnerandouterring,the radialinternalclearanceinthebearingisreduced.Thismustbetakenintoconsiderationwhenselectingthein ternalclearance.Inaddition,ifthematerialsusedforthehousingorshaftaredissimilar,theywillhavedifferent coefficientsofthermalexpansionthanthebearingrings.Thismustbetakenintoconsiderationtoachieverigid seating. RunningaccuracyrequiredInordertoachievehighrunningaccuracy,thesamehighstandardofaccuracyand surfacequalityexpectedinthebearingmustbeappliedtotheshaftandhousingaswell.Inaddition,withminia tureandthintypebearingsirregularitiesontheshaftorinthehousingaretransferredtotherelativelythin walledbearingrings.
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Types of Loading for Radial Ball Bearings:
Circumferentialloadingoccursinthecaseofarotatingringandastationaryload,orwithastationaryringanda rotatingload.Undertheseconditions,forcesareactingtodisplacetheringrelativetoitsseatingsurfaceand everypointontheracewayissubjectedtoloadduringonerevolutionofthebearing. Pointloadingoccursinthecaseofastationaryringandastationaryload,orarotatingringandarotatingload. Inthesecases,theringremainsstationaryrelativetothedirectionoftheload.Undertheseconditions,thereare noforcesactingtodisplacetheringrelativetoitsseatingsurface. Forringsthataresubjectedtocircumferentialloadingselectatightfit.Insufficientinterferenceonfittingsur facescouldcausebearingringstocreepinacircumferentialdirection.Oncethishappens,considerablewear occursonthefittingsurfaceandbothshaftandhousingaredamaged.Furthermore,abrasiveparticlesmayen terthebearingcausingvibration,excessiveheatanddamagetoraceways.Itisthereforenecessarytoprovide bearingringsunderrotatingloadwithanadequateinterferencefittopreventcreep. Forringsthataresubjectedtopointloadingaloosefitispermissible.Staticallyloadedbearingsgenerallydonot needtobefittedwithaninterferencefit.Onlywhensubjecttoahighdegreeofvibrationdobothinnerand outerringsrequirefittingwithaninterferencefit. ROTATINGRING Innerring Outerring Outerring innerring Inthecaseoffluctuating loaddirectionorunbal ancedload LOAD static rotating static rotating LOADCONDITION FITTING

Innerringrotatingload Interferencefitforinnerring Outerringstaticload Clearancefitforouterring Outerringrotatingload Clearancefitforinnerring Innerringstaticload Interferencefitforouterring Interferencefitforinnerand outerring

rotating Indeterminateloaddi orstatic rection

Magnitude of Load:
Lightloading= 0.06Cr StandardorNormalLoading= 0.060.12Cr Heavyloading= 0.13Cr Cr=dynamicloadratingofbearing Higherloadsrequiretighterfits

Types of Fits for Radial Ball Bearings:

Loose(orclearance)Itisafitthatalwaysenablesaclearancebetweentheholeandshaftinthecoupling.The lowerlimitsizeoftheholeisgreateroratleastequaltotheupperlimitsizeoftheshaft TransitionalItisafitwhere(dependingontheactualsizesoftheholeandshaft)bothclearanceandinterfer encemayoccurinthecoupling.Tolerancezonesoftheholeandshaftpartlyorcompletelyinterfere.

ASTBearingsLLC 115MainRoad Montville,NJ070459299

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TECHNICALINFORMATION
Tight(orinterference)Itisafitalwaysensuringsomeinterferencebetweentheholeandshaftinthecoupling. Theupperlimitsizeoftheholeissmalleroratleastequaltothelowerlimitsizeoftheshaft.

Shaft and Housing Tolerances:

Thefitofthebearingborewithashaft,orthebearingouterdiameterwithahousing,isdeterminedbytheISO 286tolerancesforshaftsandhousingsinconjunctionwiththeactualboreandODtolerancesofthebearing.The ISOtolerancesaredefinedastolerancezones.Theyaredeterminedbytheirpositionrelativetothezeroline (=toleranceposition)andtheirsize(=tolerancegradeperISO286).Thetolerancepositionisdenotedbyletters (uppercaseforhousingsandlowercaseforshafts). Thefollowingtablesarerecommendationsforshaftandhousingtolerancesthatapplytobothnormalfitting andoperatingconditions.Basedonparticularconditionsorrequirementsitmaybenecessarytodeviatefrom theserecommendations.Forexample,ifduringoperationthereisanincreaseintemperatureoftheinnerring, theseatingwiththeshaftmayloosen.Thenatighterthenrecommendedfitmustbeselected. Inthesecases,alloftherequirementsmustbeweighedagainsteachother.Thefitthatprovidesthebestsolu tionandperformanceshouldbeselected.

Fitting of Bearing and Shaft:

CONDITION(Steelshaft) SHAFT BOREDI AMETER 10d18 18d30 30d50 10d18 18d30 30d50 AllBore Diameter AllBore Diamter SHAFTTOLERANCE CLASS THIN OTHERS TYPE h5 h5 h5 js5 js5 js5 g5 js5 js5 js5 j5 k5 k5 g6

LightLoad0.06CrOr InnerRingRotatingOr FluctuatingLoad IndeterminateLoad Direction StandardLoad=0.06 0.12CR NecessaryForInner RingTurningEasily AroundShaft UnnecessaryForInner RingTurningEasily AroundShaft

OuterRingRotating Load

h5

h6

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TECHNICALINFORMATION
Fitting of Housing and Bearing:
CONDITION(ONEPIECEHOUSING) AXIALDIRECTIONAL MOVEMENTOFOUTER RING EasyToMove EasyToMove EasyToMove ImpossibleToMove PossibleToMove EasyToMove PossibleToMove ImpossibleToMove ImpossibleToMove ImpossibleToMove ImpossibleToMove ImpossibleToMove TOLERANCECLASS OFSHAFTHOUSING SEATS THIN OTHERS TYPE H6 H7 H7 G6 K5 JS6 H6 JS6 K5 M5 M5 N5 P6 H8 G7 K6 J6 H6 J7 K7 M7 M7 N7 P7

VaryingLoads LightOrStandardLoad InnerRingRotat ingLoad HighTemperatureOfInner RingAndShaft LightOrStandardLoadPrecise Rotation QuietOperation LightOrStandardLoad StandardOrHeavyLoad LargeShockLoad LightOrFluctuatingLoad StandardOrHeavyLoad ThinTypeHousingSeatsHeavy LoadOrLargeShockLoad

Indeterminate LoadDirection

OuterRingRotat ingLoad

Calculations of Fits FittingPressureandDimensionalChangesofInnerandOuterRing

Therightfitforeachapplicationisestablishedbytakingvariousconditionsintoconsiderationsuchasload,tem perature,mountingdismountingofthebearing.Theinterferencefitshouldbegreaterthannormalinthinhous ings,housingsofsoftmaterial,oronhollowshafts.

Load of Interference Theinterferencefitofshaftandinnerringdecreasesunderradialload.Thedecreaseinfitofshaftand inneriscalculatedbythefollowingformulas.Pleasenotethatthehighervaluefromthetwoformulas shownbelowshouldbeused. dF=0.08X d / B Fr x103(mm) or dF=0.02XFr/BX103(mm)

ASTBearingsLLC 115MainRoad Montville,NJ070459299

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TECHNICALINFORMATION
Influence of Temperature on Bearings, Shafts, and Housings
Eachinnerring,outerringorrollingelementofabearingrotatingunderloadgeneratesheatwhichwillaffect interferencefitsoftheshaftandthehousing.Assumingatemperaturedifferencewithinthebearingandthe housingofT(C),thatofthematingsurfaceoftheshaftandofthebearingis(0.100.15)T. Consequently,dT,thedecreaseoftheinnerringinterferencefitduetotemperaturechangeiscalculatedfrom thefollowingformula: dT=(0.10~0.15)XTad=0.0015XTdX103(mm) Where dT=Thedecreaseofinterferenceduetotemperaturedifference(mm) T=Temperaturedifferencebetweenbearingandsurroundinghousing(C) a=Coefficientofthermalexpansionforbearingsteel=12.5X106(I/C) Coefficientofthermalexpansionforstainlesssteel=10.3X106(I/C) d=Nominalborediameterofbearing(mm) Itshouldalsobenotedthatfitcanincreaseduetotemperaturechanges.

Effective Interference, Surface Roughness, and Accuracy

Thesurfaceroughnessissmoothedduringfittingandtheeffectiveinterferencebecomessmallerthanthetheo reticalinterference.Thesurfaceroughnessqualityofamatingsurfacehasaninfluenceonhowmuchthistheo reticalinterferencedecreases.Effectiveinterferencecanusuallybecalculatedasfollows: GroundShaft:d=d/(d+2)da(mm) TurnedShaft:d=d/(d+3)da(mm) Where d:Effectiveinterference(mm) da:Theoreticalinterference(mm) d:Nominalborediameterofbearing(mm) Bycombiningthesefactors,thetheoreticalinterferencefitrequiredforinnerringandshaftwheretheinnerring issubjectedtorotatingloadiscalculatedasfollows: da(dF+dT)((d+3)/dor(d+2)/d)(mm) Normally,shaftandhousingseatshavetomeettheaccuracyandroughnessrequirementsasgivenbelow:

ASTBearingsLLC 115MainRoad Montville,NJ070459299

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TECHNICALINFORMATION
Roundness Cylindricity Squareness RoughnessOf MatingSurface SHAFT Below50%OfShaftDiameter Tolerance Below50%OfShaftDiameter ToleranceWithinBearingWidth 3/1000(0.17) Rmax3.2 HOUSING Below50%OfHousingBoreDiame terTolerance Below50%OfHousingBoreDiame terToleranceWithinBearingWidth Rmax6.3

Accuracy and Roughness of Shaft and Housing Seats

Mountingbearingswithextratightorlightinterferencefitscanleadtoearlybearingfailure.Inordertoensure safeoperatingconditionsthetolerancevariationsofshaftseats,housingboresandbearingboreandoutside diameterneedtobereduced. Thetolerancezonesaredividedintotwobandsandselectiveassemblyisapplied.Bearingssortedintotwotol erancebandsforinnerandouterringsareavailable.Thesebearingsaremarkedasfollows: ToleranceOf BoreDiame 0~D/2 D/2~D 0~D ter Tolerancesof Mark 1 2 0 outerdiameter 0~d/2 1 C11 C12 C10 d/2~d 2 C21 C22 C20 0~d 0 C01 C02 Selectiveclassificationofouterandborediametertolerancesandindicationmark

D:Minimumvalueofouterdiametertolerance d:Minimumvalueofborediametertolerance

ASTBearingsLLC 115MainRoad Montville,NJ070459299

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U.S.TollFree(800)5261250 Headquarters(973)3352230 Fax(973)3356987

DOCUMENT NO. ENB-04-0638 .

Copyright 2011 AST Bearings LLC All rights reserved.