Given: Find:

Geometry of gate Force at A to hold gate closed

h y y D

Solution:
Basic equation dp = g dh FR = pc A Mz = 0 Ixx y' = yc + A yc Ixx = w L 12
3

FR

FA

Computing equations

Assumptions: Static fluid; = constant; patm on other side; no friction in hinge

For incompressible fluid p = g h where p is gage pressure and h is measured downwards

The hydrostatic force on the gate is that on a rectangle of size L and width w. Hence L FR = pc A = g hc A = g D + sin ( 30 deg) L w 2 kg m

3 N s FR = 1000 9.81 1.5 + sin ( 30 deg) m 3 m 3 m 3 2 kg m 2 m s

FR = 199 kN

Ixx The location of this force is given by y' = yc + where y' and y are measured along the plane of the gate to the free surface A yc c yc = D L + sin ( 30 deg) 2 yc = 1.5 m 3 m + sin ( 30 deg) 2 yc = 4.5 m

3 2 2 Ixx w L L ( 3 m) 1 1 y' = yc + = yc + = yc + = 4.5 m + A yc 12 yc 12 4.5 m 12 w L yc

y' = 4.67 m

Taking moments about the hinge

D MH = 0 = FR y' FA L sin ( 30 deg) D y' sin ( 30 deg) FA = FR L 1.5 4.67 sin ( 30 deg) FA = 199 kN 3

FA = 111 kN

Given:

Parabolic gate, hinged at O has a constant width. b = 2 m c = 0.25 m

1

D = 2 m H = 3 m

Find:

(a) Magnitude and line of action of the vertical force on the gate due to water (b) Horizontal force applied at A required to maintain equilibrium (c) Vertical force applied at A required to maintain equilibrium We will apply the hydrostatics equations to this system. dp = g dh Mz = 0 Fv = p dAy x' Fv = x dFv FH = pc A Ixx h' = hc + A hc

Solution:

Governing Equations:

(Hydrostatic Pressure - h is positive downwards) (Rotational equilibrium) (Vertical Hydrostatic Force)

(Location of line of action) (Horizontal Hydrostatic Force) (Location of line of action)

Assumptions:

(1) Static fluid (2) Incompressible fluid (3) Atmospheric pressure acts at free surface of water and on outside of gate p = g h

x FV B

h Ox Oy

Integrating the hydrostatic pressure equation:

FH

(a) The magnitude and line of action of the vertical component of hydrostatic force:
D D D

Fv =

c c c c 2 p dA y = g h b dx = g ( D y) b dx = g D c x b dx = g b 0 0 0 0

( D c x2) dx

3 3 3 2 2 2 D 1 D 2 g b D Evaluating the integral: Fv = g b = 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 2 c c c

( 1)

Substituting values:

Fv =

2 kg m 1 m N s 999 9.81 2 m ( 2 m) 3 2 3 kg m 0.25 m s

3 2

1 2

Fv = 73.9 kN

To find the line of action of this force:

1 1 x' Fv = x dFv Therefore, x' = x dFv = x p dAy Fv Fv

D D

Using the derivation for the force:

c c 1 g b 2 3 x' = x g D c x b dx = D x c x dx Fv 0 Fv 0

Evaluating the integral: x' =

2 2 g b D D c D g b D = Fv 2 c 4 c Fv 4 c

Now substituting values into this equation:

2

x' = 999

kg m
3

9.81

m s
2

2 m

1 1 1 N s 2 ( 2 m) m 3 N 4 0.25 kg m 73.9 10 1

x' = 1.061 m

To find the required force at A for equilibrium, we need to find the horizontal force of the water on the gate and its line of action as well. Once this force is known we take moments about the hinge (point O). D D FH = pc A = g hc b D = g b D = g b 2 2 FH = 999 kg m
3 2

since
2 2

hc =

D 2

Therefore the horizontal force is:

9.81

m s
2

2 m

( 2 m) N s 2 kg m

FH = 39.2 kN

To calculate the line of action of this force:

3 Ixx D b D 1 2 D D 2 h' = hc + = + = + = D 12 b D D 6 A hc 2 2 3

h' =

2 3

2 m

h' = 1.333 m

Now we have information to solve parts (b) and (c): (b) Horizontal force applied at A for equilibrium: take moments about O: Fv x' + FH ( D h') H

x FV

FA H x

h Ox Oy

FA H Fv x' FH ( D h') = 0 FA =

Solving for FA

FA =

FH

1 1 [ 73.9 kN 1.061 m + 39.2 kN ( 2 m 1.333 m) ] 3 m

FA = 34.9 kN

(c) Vertical force applied at A for equilibrium: take moments about O: FA L Fv x' FH ( D h') = 0 Fv x' + FH ( D h') L
D h Ox Oy FH y L x FV x FA

Solving for FA H L = c

FA =

L is the value of x at y = H. Therefore: L =

1 3 m m L = 3.464 m 0.25

FA =

1 1 [ 73.9 kN 1.061 m + 39.2 kN ( 2 m 1.333 m) ] 3.464 m

FA = 30.2 kN