Nursing Research

Definition: According to Kerlinger, nursing research a. b. c. d. Systematic Empirical Controlled , and Critical investigation of a hypothetical proposition in relation with a phenomen

3. Logical Reasoning (Inductive, deductive reasoning) ** Inductive Reasoning- process of developing generalizations from specific observations ** Deductive Reasoning- the process of developing specific predictions from general principles. 4. Assembled information 5. Discipline research

Reality is multiple and subjective, mentally constructed by individuals

Paradigms and Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research - Scientific method - Use deductive reasoning to generate predictions that are tested in the real world - Base their findings on empirical evidence (evidence collected by way of the human senses) and strive for generalizability of their findings. Qualitative Research - Emphasize understanding the human experience as it is lived through the collection and analysis of subjective, narrative materials using flexible procedures that evolve in the field.

4 Basic Purposes of Nursing Research- DEED

1. Descriptive purpose: 100% knowledge on the subject; study is done for richer familiarity and is carried out by mere active observation of a phenomenon. 2. Exploratory purpose: 50% of the answer is already known. 3. Experimental purpose: you determine the cause and effect ration by applying active manipulation because you are doing active intervention. 4. Developmental purpose: done to improve the system or quality of care of our patients.

Paradigms for Nursing Research

Paradigm - world view, a general perspective on the complexities of the real world. Positivist Paradigm- aka Logical positivism - In Humanities also known as Modernism (rational and scientific or objective reality) - Fundamental assumption of positivist that there is a reality out there that can be studied and known. - Assumption- basic principle that is believed to be true without proof or verification. - Determinism- refers to the positivistsbelief that phenomena are not random events, but rather have antecedent cause. Naturalistic paradigm- constructivist

10 Major Steps in Nursing Research

1. Identification of a research problem 2. Review of related literature 3. Formulation of a conceptual and theoretical framework 4. Choose an appropriate hypothesis

Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice

1. Tradition and authority 2. Clinical experience, trial and error, and intuition

5. Choose an appropriate research design 6. Sampling or obtaining a sample from the population 7. Collection of data phase 8. Analysis of dataphase 9. Interpretation of the data 10. Dissemination of conclusion or recommendations.

1.

I.

Identification of a Research Problem

2.

A research problem is anything that requires solution through a scientific investigation. Variable- an attribute of a person or object that varies (ex: body temperature, age and heart rate) Types of variable a. Attribute- preexisting characteristics of the study participants, which the researcher simply observes or measures. b. Continuous- a variable that can take on an infinite range of values along a specified continuum (ex: height) c. Discrete- a variable that has a finite number of values between two points d. Dependent- the outcome variable of interest; the variable that is

hypothesized to rely on or be caused by another variable, the independent variable e. Independent- the variable that is believed to cause or influence the dependent variable; it is the manipulated variable in experimental research. Definition of terms Conceptual taken in its ordinary /common meaning; dictionary based meaning Operational- how the researcher used the definition in his study.

1. Primary- descriptions; written by researchers conducting them Ex: thesis, abstract, pre- prints 2. Secondary- prepared by someone other than the researcher ex: literature reviews, books, thesis abstracts that are published in journal

III. Formulation of a conceptual and theoretical framework

A. Theoretical Framework: the theories involved in the researchers study. B. Conceptual Framework: the structural relationship between the independent and dependent variable.

II.
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Review of Related Literature

In depth (profound/scholarly) activity to produce a quality RRL that will back up your study Persuade the proposal that your study is researchable.

IV. Choose an appropriate hypothesis

Kinds: 1. Null/statistical hypothesis- NO relationship or difference bet. 1 variable to another variable. 2. Directional hypothesis- specifies the direction of the relationship bet. Variables 3. Non- directional hypothesis- only predicts the relationship but has no specific direction.

Purpose: 1. Summarize new substantive/ theoretical ideas. 2. Form/test a theory special so grounded type of qualitative research 3. Organization of knowledge from different fields. 4. Integrate knowledge into a new whole. Sources:

Prepared by: Janica Mae B. Gonzales BSN-4 B1