Problem 6.37 The truss supports loads at A and H.

Use the method of sections to determine the axial forces in members CE, BE, and BD.

18 kN A C E G

24 kN H 300 mm B D 400 mm 400 mm F 400 mm

400 mm

Solution: First nd the external support loads on the truss

18 kN C E G 24 kN H
tan D 3 4

D 36.87 By D 15 kN Fx : CE C BE cos C BD D 0 By 18 C BE sin D 0 0.3 CE D 0

0.8 m BX 0.4 m D BY 1.2 m FY

Fy : C MB :

C 0.4 18

Fx : Fy : MB : Solving:

Bx D 0 By C Fy 0.8Fy Bx D 0 By D 15 kN Fy D 27 kN 18 24 D 0 (kN) Solving,

CE D 24 kN T BE D 5 kN T BD D 28 kN C

1.2 24 C 0.4 18 D 0

Method of sections:

18 kN C CE BE

0.4 m BY

BD

0.3 m

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Problem 6.49 Use the method of sections to determine the axial force in member EF.

10 kip

A 4 ft

10 kip B D

C 4 ft E 4 ft F G 4 ft H I

12 ft

Solution: The included angle at the apex BAC is

D tan
1

F = 10 kip F = 10 kip E EG

12 16

D 36.87 .

The interior angles BCA, DEC, FGE, HIG are D 90 D 53.13 . The length of the member ED is LED D 8 tan D 6 ft. The interior angle DEF is D tan
1

DF

EF

4 LED

D 33.69 .

The complete structure as a free body: The moment about H is MH D 280 10 12 10 16 C I 12 D 0, from which I D D 23.33 kip. 12 The sum of forces: Fy D Hy C I D 0, from which Hy D ID 23.33 kip.

Fx D Hx C 20 D 0, from which Hx D 20 kip. Make the cut through EG, EF, and DE. Consider the upper section only. Denote the axial force in a member joining I, K by IK. The section as a free body: The sum of the moments 10 8 C DF LED D 0, from which DF D about E is ME D 10 4 120 D 20 kip. 6 The sum of forces: Fy D Fx D EF sin EG sin DF D 0,

EF cos C EG cos C 20 D 0,

from which the two simultaneous equations: 0.5547EF C 0.8EG D 20, and 0.8320EF 0.6EG D 20. Solve: EF D 4.0 kip (T)

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Problem 6.79 The frame supports a 6-kN load at C. Determine the reactions on the frame at A and D.

0.4 m

6 kN B 1.0 m C

0.5 m D E 0.8 m 0.4 m F

Solution: Note that members BE and CF are two force members.

Consider the 6 kN load as being applied to member ABC.

Ay B Ax 0.4 m

0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2

1.0 m FBE

6 kN C FCF

tan D tan D

D 51.34 D 68.20

Member DEF

FBE

FCF F 0.4 m

Dx 0.8 m Dy
Equations of equilibrium: Member ABC: Fx : Fy : C MA : Ax C FBE cos Ay FBE sin

FCF cos FCF sin

D0 6D0 1.4 6 D 0

0.4 FBE sin

1.4 FCF sin

Member DEF: Fx : Fy : C MD : Dx FBE cos C FCF cos D0 D0 D0

Dy C FBE sin C FCF sin

0.8 FBE sin C 1.2FCF sin

Unknowns Ax , Ay , Dx , Dy , FBE , FCF we have 6 eqns in 6 unknowns. Ax Ay Dx Dy D 16.8 kN D 11.25 kN D 16.3 kN D 5.25 kN

Solving, we get

Also, FBE D 20.2 kN T FCF D 11.3 kN C

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Problem 6.85

Determine the forces on member ABC.

1m 1m

E 6 kN D C

A 2m

B 2m 1m

Solution: The frame as a whole: The equations of equilibrium are

FX D AX C EX D 0, FY D AY C EY 6000 N D 0,

EX

and, with moments about E, ME D 2AX 5 6000 D 0.

EY E DY DX D DX D DY BX B BY BX A B AX BY AY

CY C CY C

6 kN

Solving for the support reactions, we get AX D 15,000 N and EX D 15,000 N. We cannot yet solve for the forces in the y direction at A and E. Member ABC: The equations of equilibrium are FX D AX FY D AY BX D 0, BY CY D 0,

and summing moments about A, MA D 2BY 4CY D 0.

Member BDE: The equations of equilibrium are FX D EX C DX C BX D 0, FY D EY C DY C BY D 0, and, summing moments about E, ME D 1 DY C 1 DX C 2 BY C 2 BX D 0. Member CD: The equations of equilibrium are FX D FY D DX D 0, DY C CY 6000 D 0,

and summing moments about D, MD D 4 6000 C 3CY D 0.

Solving these equations simultaneously gives values for all of the forces in the frame. The values are AX D 15,000 N, AY D 8,000 N, BX D 15,000 N, BY D 16,000 N, CY D 8,000 N, DX D 0, and DY D 2,000 N.

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Problem 6.95

Determine the forces on member AD.

200 N D 400 mm C B 400 mm 400 mm 200 N Ay Ax Ry Ay Ax Rx 400 N Bx By Bx C Dy Dy Dx Dx

130 mm

400 N

Solution: Denote the reactions of the support by Rx and Ry . The complete structure as a free body:
Fx D Rx 400 D 0,

By

400 N

from which Rx D 400 N. The sum of moments: MA D 800C 400 930 C 400 530 400 200 D 0,

from which C D 300 N. Fy D C C Ry 400 200 D 0,

from which Ry D 300 N. Element ABC : The sum of the moments: MA D 4By C 8C D 0,

from which By D 600 N. Element BD: The sum of the forces: Fy D By Dy 400 D 0,

from which Dy D 200 N. Element AD: The sum of the forces: Fy D Ay C Dy 200 D 0,

from which Ay D 0: Element AD: The sum of the forces: Fx D Ax C Dx D 0 and Ax D MA D 400 200 C 800Dy 400Dx D 0

200 N, and Dx D 200 N.

Element BD: The sum of forces: Fx D Bx Dx 400 D 0

from which Bx D 600 N. This completes the solution of the nine equations in nine unknowns, of which Ax , Ay , Dx , and Dy are the values required by the Problem.

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Problem 6.106 The woman exerts 20-N forces on the handles of the shears. Determine the magnitude of the forces exerted on the branch at A.

20 N

D A B C E 36 mm 25 mm 25 mm 65 mm 20 N

Solution: Assume that the shears are symmetrical.

Consider the 2 pieces CD and CE Fx D 0 ) Dx D Ex Fy D 0 ) Dy D Ey MC D 0 ) Dx D Ex D 0

Now examine CD by itself MC D 20 N 90 mm C Dy 25 mm D 0 ) Dy D 72 N

20 N Dy Cy 20 N Dx = 0 Cx
Finally examine DBA

Dy

Dx

MB : A 36 mm

Dy 50 mm D 0

A C Ex

By

Dx = 0

Ey

20 N
Solving we nd

Bx

Dy

A D 100 N

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