CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

A new system of education is now being implemented in the Philippines under the Aquino Administration which is so-called K+12. The K+12 or K-6-4-2, is the two year extension of the 10-yr basic education cycle in the Philippines.

K+12 have been initiated knowing that the Philippines are the only country with a 10-year cycle, according to UNESCO. Moreover, this program aims to uplift the educational standard in the country to help professionals who would like to work abroad and to produce emotionally ready, knowledgeable and employable 18-year old high school graduates to apply for jobs easily. This will give students more time to learn than ever before and provide quality education. Also, the program aims for more success in the next x-generations.

In spite of the good purpose of this implementation, many have criticized the K+12 in the country. Not all are in favour and sees it as an addition to the problems of the Filipino Families. Such students and their parent/s are complaining about the additional years, not to mention, itll affect their expenses and budget. But indeed, it is more time consuming and requires a bigger budget not only to them, but to the Government. A bigger budget allocation will be needed for additional classrooms, school supplies and facilities, and also for more qualified teachers as well.

Some college educators do attest to the fact of the lack of preparation that high school graduates receive when they enter college. This should not really affect the lives

of poor Filipino families if they will be aware of the implementation of quality education in the country.

Now, as for the students, since this program has already been implemented, do your best and study harder even if there are many hindrances to success. As for the teachers, teach your students all that they need to learn and teach them with love. In spite of your own personal problems, always remember that the future of the students depends upon you. As for the loving parents, remember that the program aims for better education for your children and be supportive.

It is necessary to conduct this inquiry to find out the effect of K+12 to the UCSIPS students and to make a contribution to the subject. The researcher got interested in determining what would be the effect and if it will be affecting the UCSIPS students after the implementation of the K+12 so we conducted this research.

Statement of the Problem

This research study aims to determine the perceived effect of the K+12 to the Level 11 students of Union College School of Integrated Preparatory Studies S.Y. 20112012.

Specifically, the research sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of: 1.1 Sex 1.2 Age 1.3 Annual salary of Parents 2. What are the effects of K+12 to the budget of the family? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of K+12

4. Will the students understand the lessons better after the 2years extension is implemented? 5. Are the students willing to enter college even if they can work instantly with the K+12 programs even if their course is vocational?

Null Hypothesis

There is a significant effect of K+12 program on the budget of the family and the Level 11 students of Union College School of Integrated Preparatory Studies.

Importance of the Study

The researchers determine the effects of K+12 to the budget of the students of Level 11 students of Union College School of Integrated Preparatory Studies for S.Y. 2011-2012. The results and findings of this study could help the officials in implementing this program. Furthermore, the results of the study will be helpful in making the decision for the K+12 programs.

For the students, it will help them to become aware of the effects of K+12 to their familys budget and their school performance. This will also educate them regarding the reasons and the effects of the K+12 program to them.

For the parents, the results of this study will help them understand the governments purpose of implementing this program and assist them in planning for their budget for their childrens tuition fee.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will be conducted to determine the effects of K+12 on the budget and performance of the Level 11 students of Union College School of Integrated Preparatory

Studies. The topics stated were the program K+12 program, the expenses for two additional studying years, the effects in their performance in school and their average grade and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and level.

The study will be conducted in Union College School of Integrated Preparatory Studies for the period S.Y. 2011-2012.

Conceptual Framework

Fig.1 Effects of the K+12 program on the budget and academic performance.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually for better understanding of this study:

Level 11 students these are the third year students of UCSIPS.

Students and Parents the most expected to be affected with the implementation of K+12

Budget is a list of all planned expenses and revenues.

Expense it is an outflow of money to another person or group to pay for an item or service or for a category of costs.

Filipino families families living in the Philippines.

Philippines where the K+12 is being/going to be implemented.

UNESCO is a specialized agency of United Nations. Its stated purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the human rights along with the fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the UN charter.

K+12 is a designation for the sum of primary and secondary education. The expression is a shortening of Kindergarten (K) through twelfth grade (12).

S.Y. 2011-2012 is when the research is conducted in UCSIPS.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OR RELATED LITERATURE

This study focused on the different researches and other literatures that focused on several aspects that will help with the progression of the study. The study concentrated on evaluating the effects of K+12 on the budget and performance of the students of Level 11 students of Union College School of Integrated Preparatory Studies. The coverage presented will help in the academic performance of awareness concerning the subject.

RELATED LITERATURE

Rep. Raymond Palatino, a member of Kabataan Party list said: The new system would translate to added burden to parents who could barely send their children to school. For poverty stricken country such as ours, the proposal to add two years to basic education is a question of survival. This K+12 will need more allowance to implement this program. Then the parents need to work harder for them to support the

studies of their children. But this program will help the students to add additional knowledge.

Education Secretary Armin Luistro was elated at the sight of the new batch of eager learners when he visited P. Gomez and San Juan Elementary School in Metro Manila on Monday morning. Luistro firmly believes in the importance of kinder to reinforce basic education. "Sa mga pagaaral, marami sa mga nagdrodrop-out sa elementary ay mga batang hindi pumasok sa kinder. Sa wakas may 'K' na ang K12 program", quipped Luistro Critics of the program, however, continued to rage against the new DepEd policy. Anakbayan National Chairperson Vencer Crisostomo believes shortages in classrooms, facilities, and teachers should be addressed first before the extension of basic education is even considered. "Walang kakayahan ang gobyerno na magpatupad ng ganyang programa, dahil lubhang kulang pa rin ang budget sa edukasyon. Sa huli, nagiging pabigat lang siya sa mga magulang na tipid na tipid sa kanilang budget", said Crisostomo. For his part, Luistro promised another round of consultations to discuss their proposal to add two more years of elementary and high school education. The DepEd said that the success or failure of this new kinder batch, will factor heavily in their future decision.

In an official statement, PBEd expressed support to Education Secretary Armin Luistro for prioritizing the K+12 proposal saying it is finally moving forward as various stakeholders have been brought into a serious consultation process aiming to develop a model for implementation that will bring the least disruption with the most benefit to the education system. PBEd reiterated that the additional years in basic education cannot be separated from the issue of poor quality of the education system. Forcing into 10 years a curriculum that is learned by the rest of the world in 12 has resulted in poor performance by our students. The PBEd stated that over and above the poor quality and lack of teachers, textbooks and workbooks and facilities, continues to make learning a growing challenge for more and more of the students.

Presidential spokesman Edwin Lacierda said the DepEd will have the details of the so-called K-12 or kindergarten to 12th grade plan available on October 5, which is Teachers Day. The K-12 plan, which is part of President Benigno Aquino III's proposed educational reforms, was criticized by some quarters who said the current 10-year basic education system should be improved first. (See: Teachers wary of 'trial-and-error' 12year educ program) "Ang gagawin po ni Bro. Armin Luistro para maayos po lahat, on October 5 ilalahad po niya buong istraktura ng K-12 program including the financials para maipaliwanag sa taumbayan lalo na sa mga magulang kung ano talaga ibig sabihin ng K-12 insofar as the expenses are concerned," Lacierda said in a press briefing. (So that everything is in order, Bro. Armin Luistro will explain on October 5 the whole structure of the K-12 program including the financials so the public, especially parents, will know exactly the implications of K-12 insofar as the expenses are concerned.)

RELATED STUDIES Is the K-12 model good for the Philippine education system? Sarah Katrina Maramag The program is proposed to start in school year 2012-2013 for Grade 1 and first year high school students with the target of full implementation by SY 2018-2019. K-12 has been met with criticism from youth and student groups, teachers, parents and the academic community. The DepEd, for its part, appears determined to enact the program with its proposed budget catering mostly to preparing the grounds for its eventual implementation. The DepEd argues that the K-12 program will be the solution to yearly basic education woes and the deteriorating quality of education. Critics, however, counteract that the education crisis needs to be addressed more fundamentally and adding more school years would only exacerbate the situation. The main arguments and corresponding counter-arguments from critics:

1. The K-12 will solve the annual growing number of out-of-school youth. 2. The K-12 will address low achievement scores and poor academic performance of elementary and high school students. 3. The DepEd has enough resources to implement the K-12 4. The K-12 will open doors for more jobs for the youth, even without a college diploma. 5. Filipino graduates will be automatically recognized as professionals abroad. A Filipino education Lastly, the DepEd justifies the K-12 model by saying that the present short basic education program affects the human development of Filipino students. Ultimately, regardless of whichever model, what the youth and country direly needs is for the development and establishment of an education system that caters to the needs of the Filipino youth and the society in general.

Quality education may be the only way to resolve the major problems in our country but let us not forget that K+12 is nothing if we won't give our full effort to accomplish the so called "quality education". May K+12 nga tapos hindi parin sapat ang school facilities. The government should be working on reconstructing schools specially the ones that were affected by typhoons. May they not forget about the far flung areas na hanggang ngayon ay hindi manlang maambunan ng grasya galing sa gobyerno. Kung titingnan natin ang sitwasyon ng milyong Pilipinong naghihrap ngayon, problema pang maituturing ang K+12. I am not saying that I am against the said bill. Truly speaking, I am from a well-off family so education is not an issue. But looking at the whole picture, I-fast forward na sana ng Pnoy Administration ang ibang projects nila for the poor. Maganda ang K+12 kapag kaya nang tumayo ng mga Pilipino sa sarili nilang mga paa. -JM Drece Rep. Raymond Palatino, a member of Kabataan Party list said: The new system would translate to added burden to parents who could barely send their children to school. For povertystricken country such as ours, the proposal to add two years to basic education is a question of survival.

This K+12 will need more allowance to implement this program. Then the parents need to work harder for them to support the studies of their children.

Before jumping in, I would suggest that the DepEd maximize to the fullest the present curriculum that we have. Make sure all the students have the newest books, upgraded laboratories, adequate classrooms, enough desks, more schools especially in the provinces, and get good teachers by continuously re-educating them and more importantly, increasing their pay. Put up one government university in every province. Fund it from the pork barrel of each congressman/senator. When we have done this, revise the curriculum to MEET INTERNATIONAL standards, grade school, middle school, high school AND University. That way our graduate's education will be of global standards. Do we need to increase the number of years in school to achieve this? I don't think so, at least not right now. -Spotter

A major agenda item for the Dept of Education (DepEd) is the proposed K-12 Basic Education System (PDF) which would represent a major expansion of the present ten year public school program to thirteen years. The PDF file above discusses the rationale, design and implementation plan of DepEd. In this post I consider some of the problems and challenges attendant upon the K-12 proposal. It appears that we have been teaching 12 years worth of learning in the space of 10 years. What other countries take 12 years to do -- we attempt to accomplish in 10 years. DepEd suggests this is a partial explanation for the ill preparedness of our high school graduates to undertake college level study. The Commission on Higher Education (Ched) which oversees tertiary education in the Philippines has already pointed out that

most colleges are spending too much time providing remedial courses to entering students because of that deficiency in the secondary school program.

Chapter 3 Research Design and Procedure

This chapter includes the research design used in the deportment of the study, the research locale, and also the population and illustration of the respondents included. The research instrument is provided in this chapter as well as the procedure used in this research. The statistical treatment of data is also presented and utilized along with the analysis and presentation of the results.

Research Design

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of K+12 program of the DepEd to the Level 11(3rd year high school) students in Union College School of Integrated Preparatory Studies. The researchers used the experimental method in this study. The basic purpose of experimental research is to discover the influence of one or more factors upon a condition, group, or situation, purpose of which is to discover what will be. It describes and analyzes variables in carefully controlled conditions as a basis for inferring or concluding.

Method of Collecting Data and Development of the Research Instrument

The method of collecting data used was the questionnaire. This is concerned with the students different point of view. The instrument used to collect data was a clerical tool which is the questionnaire. This was used to gather data faster. Knowing that the respondents were the students, and that they are very literate, they could read and answer the questions easily. We also sought guidance from knowledgeable people concerning this. We, researchers, considered all the factors and questions to be used so that the respondents will be able to participate accordingly.

Sampling Design

The study was conducted in Union College School of Integrated Preparatory Studies (UCSIPS). The researchers randomly selected the respondents. The respondents of the study were from the Level 11 students of UCSIPS.

Level

No. of Students

Percentage

Sample

50%

11

31

50

20

15

Statistical Treatment

The responses were tabulated as the basis for statistical treatment. This was done in order to know the effect of K+12 program in the selected students in Level 11 of

UCSIPS. This study will prove how the implementation of K+12 program will affect the studies and financial concerns of UCSIPS students.

The researchers used the sample size of the selected students in the selected level to know how many percent of the students in that year level are in favour of the K+12 programs.

P=f/n x 100

Where: P - Statistical percentage f - Frequency of the responses N - Total number of students