Gram Positive Bacteria

Staphylococcus Spp The bacteria which come under genus, Staphylococcus are found in grape-like clusters. Most of the species of Staphycoccus are non-pathogenic. There are around 40 species of this bacteria. One of the important characteristics of Staphylococcus bacteria is that it can grow both aerobically and anaerobically. They are also capable of producing coagulase. This enzyme is responsible for clotting of blood. Micrococcus Spp It is a bacterium with spherical shape and its size ranges from 0.5 to 3 micrometers. The Micrococcus bacteria are found in aquatic environment, soil, dairy products, and human skin. This bacteria exhibits many different behavioral traits; it acts as a saprophyte, opportunistic pathogen and also thrives as a commensal organism. The diseases caused by different species of Micrococcus are meningitis, endocarditis, septic shock, cavitating pneumonia, septic arthritis, and bacteremia. Listeria Spp This Gram-positive bacteria is known for the disease called listerosis. The commonly observed bacterial species of this genus is Listeria monocytogenes. It is found in environments like soil, food, plants, stream water, etc. The bacteria that are grouped under genus, Listeria, make use of an intercellular mechanism to cause infection. These bacteria however, rarely cause an infection in human beings, as they are negotiated by the immune system. Infection caused by this bacteria is treated with the following antibiotics: ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, azithromycin and linezolid. Lactobacilli This bacteria is known for the production of lactic acid. The lactobacilli occurs in nature in the form of chains. Some of the Lactobacilli species find application in the preparation of buttermilk, yogurt, etc. Corynebacteria These bacteria are pleomorphic in nature. It means the Corynebacteria change their form throughout their lifecycle. One of the bacterium from this genus, the Corynebacterium diphtheriae, causes the disease of human diphtheria. Arthrobacter The Arthrobacter is a bacterium than can be classified under both bacilli and cocci. This is because Arthrobacter changes shapes many times during its lifecycle. It is mainly found in the soil.

Gram-negative bacteria
E. coli, bacterial infections, including cholecystitis, bacteremia, cholangitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), and traveler's diarrhea, and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis and pneumonia. Acinetobacter baumanii, which causes disease mainly in healthcare settings. In addition, wound infections caused by Acinetobacter have been found in U.S. military personnel who were deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which causes bloodstream infections and pneumonia in hospitalized patients. It is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis. Klebsiella pneumoniae, which causes many types of healthcare-associated infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, the second most commonly reported infectious disease in the United States Enterobacter species, particularly Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes various infections, including bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, CNS, and ophthalmic infection Salmonella is a bacteria that causes disease in humans. It is most commonly known for causing pain and discomfort in the abdomen. Patients complain of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Shigella diarrhea

Gram-Positive Cocci
The bacteria in this group grow in characteristic colonies. Staphylococci form flat packets of cells. Two species are common: Staphylococcus albus is probably growing right now on your skin. Staphylococcus aureus is also a frequent inhabitant of the skin, nasal passages, and the gastrointestinal tract. It can cause acne and, if it gets under the skin, abscesses. In hospitals, the development of antibiotic resistant S. aureus has become a major problem. Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus secrete a toxin and can cause lifethreatening toxic shock syndrome. Many cases of "food poisoning" are caused by staphylococci. Most Streptococci grow in chains. The electron micrograph (courtesy of the Naval Dental Research Institute, Great Lakes, IL) shows Streptococcus mutans, a common inhabitant of the mouth. Streptococci cause "strep throat",impetigo,middle ear infections,scarlet fever (a result of a toxin produced by the organism),rheumatic fever,a rare form of toxic shock syndrome Pneumococci. The cells of these streptococci grow in pairs. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes bacterial pneumonia. This was once a major killer especially of the aged and infirm but today there is an effective vaccine and any infections that do occur usually respond quickly to antibiotics. Mycoplasmas are obligate parasites; that is, they can live only within the cells of other organisms. They are probably the descendants of Gram-positive bacteria who have lost their peptidoglycan wall as well as much of their genome now depending on the gene products of their host.

Egg whites tighten the pores and contain proteins that both repair skin and absorb excess oil, making them a powerful tool for dealing with acne. Separate the egg white from the yolk (save the yolk for cooking!). Whisk together the egg white with 1 teaspoon of lemon juice for one minute. The mixture will be messy, so apply it to your clean, dry face over a sink. Keep the mask on for 10 to 15 minutes start whipping up your favorite dessert with that egg yolk while you wait! Once the mask starts cracking, wash away with warm water. Grab two bananas for this moisturizing facial from Reader's Digest: one for your face, and one to use for a yummy banana split! (Cmon, you deserve it.) Mash a peeled banana until it turns into a paste, then mix in 2 tablespoons of honey for an extra skin cleanser. If the mixture is too thick, add a bit of water. Apply the paste to clean and dry skin, letting it sit for 10 to 20 minutes. Indulge in that banana treat as you wait, then wash the mask off with warm water. Your skin will feel soft and refreshed!