EXPERIMENT 1: PERFECT GAS

1.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES :

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to : 1.1 Conduct appropriately experiments in groups according to the standard of procedures. 1.2 Analyze critically the data of the experimental data in relation to the theoretical aspects. 1.3 Write critically the appropriately report based on the experiment results.

2.0 EQUIPMENT / APPARATUS :

2.1 Marcet Boiler Apparatus (model LS-17002)

3.0 SAFETY AND HEALTH

3.1 Do not touch the pressure vessel when conducting the experiment. It is HOT. 3.2 Do not attempt to change the setting of the digital meters. 3.3 Do not switch ON the heater if there is no water in the vessel. 3.4 Do not regulate the pressure relief valve. 3.5 The system had been tested and set to relief pressure when 10 bar and maximum temperature 181C.

4.0 OBJECTIVE :
To investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature of a saturated steam in equilibrium with water.

5.0 THEORY :
Thermodynamics is defined as study related to yhe transfer of heat and work between a system and its surrounding, undergoing a process causing any of the properties of the system change. An ideal gas obeys the equation of state the pressure, specific volume and density and absolute temperature with mass of molecule and the gas constant, R. PV = mRT M However, the real gas does not absolutely obey the equation of state. A few changes on the ideal gas equation of state allow its application in the properties of real gas. When energy increases within water, the increasing activities among the molecules enables the increase in the number of molecules escape from the surface until an equilibrium state is reached. The state of equilibrium depends on the pressure between the water surface while less energy required in achieving the state of equilibrium (boiling point). The

temperature where equilibrium occurs at a given pressure level is called saturated temperature. At the given pressure, the temperature at which a pure substance changes phase is called the saturation temperature Tsat. Similarly , at a given temperature, the pressure at which a pure substance change is called the saturation pressure Psat. This experiment explores the relationship between the saturation temperature and the corresponding pressure of water.

6.0 PROCEDURE
1. The LS-17002 Marcet Boiler Apparatus was placed on the level floor. Lock the castor wheel. 2. The 3 pin plug was plugin to yhe 240VAC main supply. Turn ON the power supply. 3. The Main Switch (H) was switch ON in front of the control panel. 4. The drain/water inlet port (E) was connected to the laboratory water supply. 5. The overflow outlet (C) was connected to laboratory drain. 6. The drain/water inlet port and the overflow valve was open .Fill the vessel with the laboratory water supply until the water is overflow from the overflow valve. 7. The temperature was set to 181C from the temperature controller. 8. The heater ON/OFF button (D) was switch ON. Allow the water to heat up in vessel. 9. Open the overflow valve let the steam issue freely while the water was boiling. 10. Once the steam come out from the valve, quickly closed the valve and tare the pressure meter to zero. Then the experiment can be started. 11. The temperature was record down and the pressure readings for every 0.5 bar increment. Tabulate it to the table provided. 12. The graph was plot for Absolute Temperature versus Absolute Pressure for experiment and theoretical result.

7.0 RESULT :
Gauge Absolute Pressure Pressure 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Experiment Temperature (C) 102.4 113.6 122.1 129.2 135.2 140.4 147.1 151.2 154.9 158.4 161.7 164.6 167.5 Experiment Temperature (K) 375.4 386.6 395.1 402.2 408.2 413.4 420.1 424.2 427.9 431.4 434.7 437.6 440.5 Theory Temperature (C) 0 81.3 99.6 111.4 120.2 127.4 133.5 138.9 143.6 147.9 151.8 155.5 158.8 Theory Temperature (K) 273 354.3 372.6 387.4 393.2 400.4 408.5 411.9 416.6 420.9 424.8 428.5 431.8

1.013 1.513 2.013 2.513 3.013 3.513 4.013 4.513 5.013 5.513 6.013 6.513 7.013

Atmosphere: 1.013 bar*

8.0 DISCUSSION :
When water boil continuous in the seal place, the steam production will occur and will produce the steam (in pressure condition).

9.0 CONCLUSION :
The higher the temperature the higher the heating steam pressure when it produces.