1

2004

2 ---Grammaticalization
Grammaticalization
1997~2004 10
1998~2003 27 22004

(19802002 ) (1998 )2003

1994~2004 202
1999~2004 34 3

(2003 ) (1981 )
(2003 )
Hopper4 (1991 )
(Layering ) (Divergence ) (Specialization ) (Persistence )
(Decategorization )
(1995 ) (2000) (1995 )

(2000 )

(1995) (2000 )

2.2 V.S
Grammaticalization 5
A.Meillet1866-1936
1994
2000Harbsmeier
1979
6 (1995 ) (2000)

(1995 )

(1995 )
(2000)7

1994
5
Hopper&Traugott1993
19941998
6

7
2000 1
4

(1995)

(2000)

...
(1995 )

(2000)

2.3
2.3.1 (1995 )
(1995)--

A )

--
( )

B )

++++

Adj+

N+V+

C )

++

D )
(1995 ) Langacker (1977 )
(A,B ),C A, (B,C )
( )
(+ )
(+ )
1995

2000

2.3.2 2000
2000

A )

a. ( )

b.

c.

B)
(Generalization ) (Differentiation ) (Mixture )
a.

b.
V

c.

C.Harmony
Transferable loanAbsorption of context

D.Metaphor
Inference
Reanalysis

 (1995 ) (2000 )

1995

2000

(2000 )
(2000a)
(1995 )
(2000)

(1995 ) (2000 )
(2004)

(1995 ) (2000 )

3.1
(19802002 )

A.
1
B.
2
(1998 )
A.//
3
B.

4
C..
5
D

6
(1998 ) (19802002 )

..
2002a..

A.

7
8
B.

9
10

.()2002a

11

A.
.

12

B.

13
2002a

(1998 )

(2003 )

A
B

(1998 )
2002a (2003 )

collocation

100

10
9

///

24
72

/ 2.47.2

14
15
16
17

A.
9

119 10

a..

//

///
1..
18
19
2.//.
20

21
22
b.

1.
23
24
B.
a.
25

26

b.
27
28
C.
29
30

3.2

2002b
9


A.
31
32

B.
33
34

C.
35

10

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

7
1
32
4
7
1
1
7
1
61

11.48
1.64
52.4
6.6
11.47
1.64
1.64
11.48
1.64
100

61

36
37
38
39

10

Modality1990

10


40
41
42
43
+
4042

4.
19892004
200019872003
1998

4.1
11
44
/

19872003

45/

1992
11

11

46/

19872003

4445
46

4.2

(2001

(2001 )

//

1.
2.
3.

(2001 )12

12

2001
12

4.2.1
51 13
A.
N+

8
47//
1996

48//
1996

49//
1996

50
//
51
//

1996

52//
1996

53
/
1996

54
/

1996

B.

//+5560//++V 11

55//
1996

56
//
1996

57//
1996

13

51
13

58//

1996

59//

1996

60//
1984

4748

58-60//++V

C.N++V+V 21
61//
1996

62 //

1984

63//
1996

64//

1984

65//

1984

66//
1996

1989+V/VP

61

14


62

63
64

+VWord order
V+

65

1989

66

1995

D.+V 11 +V 5

1 8 67-71
+V
3 72-74
67
//
1996

68

1996

69

1996

70//
1984

71//

1996

1989..+V

15

70

71

+V
72
//

73//
1996

74
//

1996

2001

+V

+V

+V
72-74

4.2.2
1999 2087
1993 255

A.
75

/
76

77

/
+V75.
1989.
16

B.
78
//
79
/
/
C.
80/
81
/
82/
83

19892004

V V
D.+++++
84
/
85/ /
86
/
86

+++
E.
87/
88
/
89
90
91
92

93
8788

19892004
92
-93

F.++
94
/
95/

17

9495

G.
+V

96/
97
/ /
98

99

100
101

102

103/
FG
1999
V++N

102-103
..

4.3

(2001

+
+

(2001 )

1998

18

4.3.1
1998

104-105
104
105

106
107

108
109

110
111

1989

..

112
113
114
115
112
113

114
115

1998

19


116-117
116
117
116
117

1998
614 460 68 20
4 62

118-119
118
/

1987

119/

1987

118

119

120121
120
/
121/

122/
123/
122
123

124
/
125/
124

125

20

1998

4.3.2
1997 8113
1993
339
A.14
1.

126
/
127

2.

128
129
3.

130
131

4.

132
133
134

B
1.
135

136

1997

137

2.

138
139
3.

14

1997
21

140
4.
141
142

1997

5.

143

6.

144

135
136

138

139

C
145
146
D
147
148

1981

2001

4.3.3

+V

+V

22

72-74

124-125

4.4
4.4.1
44-46

29

19

149/

19872003

+V
B

150/
19872003

151/

19872003

152

23

153

1992

19892003

150-153
150

151

152

153

154
/

1992

24

155/

19872003

156
/

19872003

157
/

1987
2003

154

155

1561995

156

1572000

19872003

+
+

152-153

19892004

25

158
//
19892004

2000

159-160
159//
160//

19872003

161

154

4.4.2
199815
31 22 3
15

26

 6
A
162
163
B
164

165

166

167
164

165
1998

C
168

169

1998

31
19
92
12
3
68

22
16
12
4
2

3
3
78
7
3
66

6
2
1

27

4.4.3

+V

61-66

+V

72-74

122-125

152
156
.

+
104-105

N+
47-54

112-115

150-153

152

156
.

N+/++V

55
-60

154-157

28

5.

1.

19892003

2. 2004
3. 2002a
4. 2002b
5. 1999

6. 19802002 11
7. 2001
8. 1984
9. 1998
10. 1997
11. 1995
12. 1996
13. 1993
14. 2001
15. 1989
16. 2003
17. 1992
18. 19872003

19. 19892004
20. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~tdbproj/handy1/

21. http://www.sinica.edu.tw/SinicaCorpus/

22. 2000
Vol.28 No.4 103-106
23. 2003
vol2 8-14
29

24. 1999
Vol.21.No.6 98-102
25. 1998
Vol.20.No.1 40-42
26. 2003
vol.2 15-20
27. 1997

Vol.34 37-41
28. 2000-

vol.1 3-15
29. 1995
Vol.1 94-96
30. 1998
Vol.19.No.2 1-5
31. 1990-
71 177-186
32. 1995
vol.3 161-169

vol.4 103-111
33. 1981
34. 1998
vol.2 30-35
35. 1994
Vol.4 17-25
36. 2000
Vol.4 10-14
37. Hopper, Paul J. 1991. On some principles of grammaticization. Approaches to grammaticalization,
ed. by Elizabeth Closs Traugott & Bernd Heine, 17-35. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins
Pub. Co.

30