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Introduction
Energy-efficient wireless communication network design is an important and challenging problem. It is important because: Mobile units operate on batteries with limited energy supply. Information and Communication Technology(ICT) is responsible for a fraction of the world energy consumption ranging between 2% and 10%. Reducing energy consumption can significantly help in reducing the cost of networks.
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Source:NSN
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Fig. 2
REF: Eunsung Oh and Bhaskar Krishnamachari Energy Savings through Dynamic Base Station 10 Switching in Cellular Wireless Access Networks Proc. of IEEE ICC Workshop , 2010.
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Fig. 3
REF: Eunsung Oh and Bhaskar Krishnamachari Energy Savings through Dynamic Base Station Switching in Cellular Wireless Access Networks Proc. of IEEE ICC Workshop , 2010.
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Problem Formulation
The energy saving problem in access networks is formulated to minimize the energy consumption of BSs considering the system requirements, as follows:
where B : set of BSs in networks, EBS : BS energy consumption per unit time. Ab(t): Activity function of a BS b at time t, Ab(x) {0, 1} x {t, t+D}
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Problem Formulation
Since we assume retransmission, there is no data loss, and therefore the blocking probability is used as the quality of service (QoS) requirement. In the constraint, & are the blocking probability of a BS b at time t and the minimum requirement, respectively. is set the peak blocking probability when the BS switching strategy is not applied.
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We assume the traffic profile is modeled as the sinusoidal with D period time, thus the BS switching-off and on each occur only once during D period time.
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where th is the switching threshold. If the switching threshold is set at a higher value, more energy is saved but the blocking probability is also increased, and vice versa. Considering the constraint, the switching threshold is established to minimize the energy consumption.
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(t)>th.
Assuming the homogeneous traffic condition, BSs are switched on at same time
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where |B| is the number of BSs in networks. The second term of the right part in above eqn means the average BS switching-on duration. Therefore, the energy saving ratio can be written as the expected BS switching-off duration, S=
1
{ }
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1 = D 1 ( ), where X= E{1/|Nb|} 1+ 2
S=1
S= +
1 1 ( 1+
( ) +
) .
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Thus Energy saving ratio is the function of the traffic parameters, (M,V ), and the number of neighboring BS, |Nb| Energy saving is increased when the ratio of traffic, M/V and the number of neighboring BS have higher value.
S= +
( ) +
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Results
From the first-order analysis we showed the amount of energy saving is dependent upon A) the traffic ratio of mean and variance B) BS density. Thus the greatest energy savings are likely to be realized in urban commercial areas (since such an area is likely to show both high traffic variance between day time and night time as well as high BS density).
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Conclusion
Low-power and energy efficiency is an important characteristic requirement of current and future communication systems. Energy consumption of cellular network can be reduced by decreasing the energy consumption of BTS sites. Using system level features and Employing energy efficient site solutions Renewable sources in areas where electric grid availability is limited.
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REFERENECES
[1] Eunsung Oh and Bhaskar Krishnamachari Energy Savings through Dynamic Base Station Switching in Cellular Wireless Access Networks Proc. of IEEE ICC Workshop , 2010. [2] Holger Karl, An Overview of Energy-Efficiency Techniques for Mobile Communication Systems, Report of AG Mobikom WG7, 2003. [3] M. Marsan, L. Chiaraviglio, D. Ciullo, and M. Meo. Optimal energy savings in cellular access networks.In IEEE International Conference on Communications, (ICC Workshops) 2009.
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THANK YOU!
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