Ground Water Information Booklet

Patna District, Bihar State

Central Ground Water Board

Ministry of Water Resources (Govt. of India) Mid-Eastern Region
PATNA

August, 2007

CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Administration 1.2 River System 1.3 Irrigation practices 1.4 Studies/ Activities carried out by CGWB 2.0 Rainfall & Climate 2.1 Rainfall 2.2 Climate 3.0 Geomorphology & Soils 3.1 Geomorphology 3.2 Soils 4.0 Ground Water Scenario 4.1 Hydrogeology 4.2 Exploratory wells 4.3 Depth to water level 4.3.1 Seasonal Fluctuation 4.4 Ground Water Resources 4.5 Ground Water Quality 4.6 Status of Ground Water Development 5 Ground Water Management Strategy 5.1 Ground Water Development 5.2 Water Conservation & Artificial Recharge 6 7 Ground Water related issues & problems Awareness & Training Activity 7.1 Participation in Exhibition, Mela, Fair, etc., 7.2 Presentation & Lectures delivered in public forum/ Radio/TV/Institute of repute/Grassroots association/ NGO/Academic institutions, etc.,

Page No. 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7

8 Areas Notified by CGWA/SGWA 9 Recommendations

8 8

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List of Tables:

Table 1 : Depth to water level (m bgl) of HNS wells in Patna district. Table 2 : The various chemical parameters for HNS wells in Patna district. Table 3 : The seasonal, annual and decadal fluctuation of water level (m bgl) of HNS wells, Patna district. Table 4 : Analysis of water quality parameters observed in HNS wells, Patna district. Table 5 : Details of groundwater development and stage of ground water development of Patna district as on 31st March 2004 (in hectare meters).

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11

12

13

List of Figures: Fig. 1 : Administrative map, Patna district. Fig. 2 : Hydrogeology and location of exploratory wells, Patna district. Fig. 3 : Location of Hydrograph Network Stations, Patna district. Fig. 4 : Depth to water level map (Pre-monsoon 2006) , Patna district. Fig. 5 : Depth to water level map (Post-monsoon 2006) , Patna district. Fig. 6 : Block-wise representing stage of groundwater development (%), Patna district 19 14 15 16 17 18

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE Sl. ITEMS No. 1 GENERAL INFORMATION i) Geographical area (Sq.km) ii) Administrative Divisions (As on 2007) Number of Tehsil/Block Number of Panchyat Villages Statistics 3172 6 23 344 1433 1294 (Inhabited) 139 (Uninhabited) Persons Male Female 2 iv) Average Annual Rainfall (mm) GEOMORPHOLOGY Major physiographic units Major Drainages LAND USE (Sq.km) a) Forest area: b) Net area sown: c) Cultivable area: MAJOR SOIL TYPES 4709851 2514949 2194902 1076 Quaternary Alluvium Ganga, Sone, Punpun, Phalgu 5585 ha

iii) Population (As on 2001 Census):

Heavy clay (Kewal) Loam (Domat) Very Light soil (Balsundri) Alkaline (Rehara)

5 6

AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES (Area and Number of Structures) Dugwells Tube wells/Borewells Tank/ponds Canal Net irrigated aera Gross irrigated area NUMBERS OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (As on 31-3-2007) No. of Dug wells No. of Piezometers PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS Area (ha) 2784 ha 75819 ha 6235 ha 43175 ha 67637.24 ha 201103.63 ha

10

12 Nil Quaternary recent alluvium of varying grades of sand

11

HYDROGEOLOGY Major Water bearing formations Alluvium Pre-monsoon Depth to water level during 3.00 8.57 m bgl 2006 1.40 7.34 m bgl

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13

Post-monsoon Depth to water level during 2006 Long term water level trend in 10 years (1997-2006) in m/yr GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB (As on 31-03-2007) No. of wells drilled (EW, OW, PZ, SH = Total) Depth Range (m) Discharge Storativity (S) Transmissivity (m2/day) GROUND WATER QUALITY Presence of Chemical constituents more than permissible limit (e.g., EC, F, As, Fe) Type of water DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES (2004) in mcm Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources Net Annual Ground Water Draft Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial Uses upto 2025 Stage of Ground Water Development AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY Ground Water Management Training & Rain water Harvesting latest. Date Place No. of participants

29, 12, Nil, Nil = 41 77 353.7 m bgl 176.2 535 m3/hr 1X10-4 3786 - 19540 m2/day Care should be taken in Arsenic affected areas. Potable

14

113456 ham 55139 ham 10605 ham 52%

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31st March 2006 Conference Hall, CGWB More than 35 officials

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17

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EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE & RAINWATER HARVESTING Projects funded by CGWB (No. & Amount spent) 1 nos. Rs. 5,84,000 Projects under technical guidance of CGWB (Numbers) GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATION No. of OE Blocks Nil No. of Critical Blocks Nil No. of Blocks notified Nil MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND ISSUES

Ground Water Information Booklet Patna District, Bihar state

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Administration Patna district is situated in the South Bihar alluvial plains among the three agro-climatic zones of divided Bihar. The district is bounded in the north by river Ganga, in the south by Jahanabad and Nalanda districts, in the east by Lakhisarai district and in the west by Bhojpur district. The district is situated between 25 13and 25 45 North latitude and 84 43' and 86 44' East longitude covering Survey of India toposheet nos. 72C/11, C/12, C/14, C/15, C/16, G/2, G/3, G/6, G/7, G/11, G/14, G/15 and K/3 with an height of 67 meters from above mls. The total geographical area of the district is 3172 sq.km. The district is divided into 6 subdivisions, 23 blocks, 344 Panchayat and 1433 villages (Fig. 1). Block wise Distribution Of Sub-divisions: S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sub-divisions Patna Sadar Patna City Danapur Masaurhi Paliganj Barh Blocks 1) Patna Sadar, 2) Phulwarisharif, 3) Sampatchak 1) Fatuha, 2) Khusrupur, 3) Daniyanvan 1) Danapur, 2) Bihta, 3) Maner, 4) Naubatpur 1) Masaurhi, 2) Dhanarua, 3) Punpun 1) Bikram, 2) Dulhinbazar, 3) Paliganj 1) Bakhtiarpur, 2) Athamalgola, 3) Belchi, 4) Pandarak, 5) Barh, 6) Mokama, 7) Ghoswari.

1.2 River System Patna district is surrounded by two important river systems namely Ganga and Sone, a major tributary of Ganga, bordering the northern and western boundary of the district respectively (Fig. 1). The Ganga flows from west to east while Sone flows from south to north which finally joins Ganga at Rampur village. The river Sone has been shifted from east near Maner to further west to its present position which is evident from the presence of alluvial bars and deltas in the river course. Punpun and Phalgu are the other two important rivers in the district which enter with a northerly flowing direction before they turn north-east and finally flow towards east. All along the southern bank of the Ganga, the levee deposits form a barrier for the rivers flowing from the south and prevents them from having a direct access to the river Ganga. All the rivers are effluent and as such perennial in nature.

1.3 Irrigation practices Agro-ecologically, the district is spread south of river Ganga. Physiographically it is almost plain alluvium, but south of the natural levee of Ganga, there is a parallel stretch of Diara land receiving flash floods. At the eastern end of the district there are stretches of Tal lands where backwaters of Ganga river stagnates in low lands during Kharif season floods between September-December every year. Tal lands extend from Fatuha to Mokamah blocks in the district, here most natural drainage systems i.e. rivers from south simply vanish. The remaining area (34.85 percent) in the district is divided into non-agricultural uses (21.45%), current fallow land (8.55%), barren and uncultivable land (0.11%), permanent pastures and other grazing land (0.04%), plantations (0.15%); gross cropped area is 256694.99 ha. and net area sown is 201103.63 ha. indicating cropping intensity of 127.64 % in the district, which is a bit low as both Tal and Diara areas are mostly mono cropped. Total irrigated area in the district is 60545 ha (DOA, Govt. of Bihar). Out of which canal irrigation accounts for the highest being as high as 60% but some areas do not receive irrigation water at proper cropping time particularly at the tail ends. Sometime this sone canal system does not provide irrigation during entire year. 1.4 Studies/ Activities carried out by CGWB Central Ground Water Board has established a network of observation wells under National Hydrograph Network programme to ascertain fluctuation and quality of groundwater in the district. The hydrogeological surveys has been carried during the years 1980, 1981 and 1996 which deals with surveys in the field, collected data from observations wells, reconciled ground water resources to mitigate the absence of a comprehensive report on ground water conditions and potential of the district. Subsequently the reports has been generated for the planners and executors engaged in the field of application of ground water. The board also envisaged and carried out exploratory drilling in different parts of the district and drilled about 29 exploratory wells to determine different aquifer parameters. Besides, the board has also constructed production wells at Danapur, Kidwaipuri, Kadamkuan and Rajbhawan on the request from the concerned authorities. 2.0 Rainfall & Climate 2.1 Rainfall: The normal annual rainfall in the district is around 1076 mm. The timely and well-distributed rainfall during Kharif and Rabi has a deciding influence on the land use and cropping pattern of the district.

2.2 Climate: The district by and large is homogenous. It is of moderate type characterized by quite hot summers to moderately cold winters. The day temperature generally ranges from 21.1 C in January to 38.7 C in May and night temperature from 7.3 C in December to 27.7 C in June. The summer begins in April and peaks in June/July with the temperature soaring up to 43 C till the moisture laden monsoon wind bring some much-needed relief to the parched fields. The rains last through August & September and continue into early October. 3.0 Geomorphology & Soils

3.1 Geomorphology Patna district is a part of the Indo-Gangetic alluvium, one of the three main physiographic divisions of India, which separates Extra-Peninsular regions on the north from the Peninsular region on the south. The level plain is known to be the outcome of a granular filling of a great depression with alluvial sediments since Middle Pleistocene times. The district forming a part of the flood plains of the Ganga has a monotonously flat relief. The area under study is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary age. The quaternary sediments are deposited unconformable on the Archaean basement. The generalized stratigraphic sequence of the geological formations for the area is as follows. 3.2 Soils The farming situations in the district are mainly dependent as soil, topography and irrigation systems prevalent in the area. The district has mainly four types of soils ranging from moderately well drained to poorly drained, acidic to slightly alkaline and medium to heavy textured. From the farming point of view only four types of soils may be recognised as light to heavy in texture. 4.0 Ground Water Scenario

4.1 Hydrogeology The area is underlain by unconsolidated formation which is quarternary to Upper quarternary of age group. Lithologically, the district is made up of recent alluvium, clay, silt, sand , gravel pebbles with concentration of calcareous materials. From the groundwater potential point of view the entire district falls under good to very good caterogy (Fig. 2). The presence of kankar (nodules of CaCO 3 ) and fine sand at places render the top clay zone semi-pervious in nature, where ground water occurs under phreatic condition. These aquifers are made up of fine to medium grained sand occasionally coarse with thin layers of gravel at places. The depth to piezometric surface in the area varies from 6.25m to 16.30m. The deep tube wells tapping these deeper aquifers have yield from

260m3/hr to 1500m3/hr. with a drawdown of 6 m. The transmissivity of the aquifer varies from 3786 m2/day to 14133 m2/day. 4.2 Exploratory wells There are 29 number of exploratory wells (Fig. 2) were drilled in the district. The available data reveals that 5 to 8 granular zones were encountered at a depth of 250 m. The depth to water level varies from 4 to 9 m during pre monsoon where as during post monsoon it varies from 2 to 8 m. The analysis of pumping test data conducted for production wells drilled by CGWB shows that the value of T varies from 3786 m2/day to 19540 m2/day where as S value comes around 1X10-4 which proves that the aquifers are in confined condition (Table. 1). 4.3 Depth to water level Besides State Ground Water Investigation Department, Govt. of Bihar, CGWB has established a network of observation wells under National Hydrograph Network (HNS) programme to ascertain fluctuation and quality of groundwater in the district. There are about 12 HNS monitoring locations (Fig. 3) identified and being monitored every year regularly during January, May, August and November. During pre-monsoon season, the minimum and maximum water levels were observed as 3.00 and 8.57 m bgl respectively. About 25 % of the wells have the water level in the range of 2 5 m bgl (Table 2). In majority of the wells (76 %), the water levels remain in the range of 5 10 m bgl. The spatial distribution of water levels during this season reveals that the south-west and eastern parts of the district are observed with a depth range from 3 to 6 m bgl while in the central part the depth to water level ranges from 6 9 m bgl (Fig. 4). The water level measurement during post-monsoon season ranges from 1.40 to as deep as 7.34 m bgl (Table 2). There are each 36.36 % of wells observed in depth range of 2 5 and 5 10 m bgl where as about 27.27 % of wells observed in 0 2 m bgl depth range. Spatial distribution of water level shows that west, south-west and eastern parts of the district, the water level ranges from 1 to 5 m bgl whereas in the central part around Bakhtiarpur block and in Masaurhi block, the water level ranges from 5 to 7 m bgl (Fig. 5). 4.3.1 Seasonal Fluctuation South-west monsoon is the main source of the recharge to the ground water system in the district. In order to decipher the range of fluctuation between Pre (May 2006) and Post (November 2006) monsoon period reveals that the water level fluctuation shows rise in water level and varies from 1.10 to 4.75 m bgl. In about 42.86 % of wells shows rise in water levels in both 0 2 and 2 4 m bgl. The water level > 4 m bgl is observed in 14.29 % of wells in the district. The

water level data for seasonal, annual and decadal fluctuation has been given in Table 3. 4.4 Ground Water Resources

The ground water resource assessment has been evaluated based on the recommendations of the Ground water Estimation Committee 1997 (GEC 1997). The ground water assessment has been carried on block-wise basis and the assessment varies from 5256 ha (Athmalgola block) to 23770 ha (Paliganj block). In the future ground water development point of view, all the blocks in the district falls under Safe category (Table 4). 4.5 Ground Water Quality The water samples collected from the network of observation wells (dug wells) tapping water table aquifer and also from deep tube wells tapping confined or leaky confined aquifer were subjected to chemical analysis in the laboratory of CGWB, MER, Patna. The quality of ground water in the water table aquifer is acceptable for various uses as per the quality criteria laid down by ISI, as nowhere it crosses the excessive limit. The ground water in the confined/semiconfined aquifers is better than that of the water table aquifer as it is within the permissible limit as per the quality criteria. The tube well water is recommended for drinking and other domestic purposes in the district. However, Arsenic concentration has been reported from Patna district. Central Ground Water Board has carried out deep exploratory drilling in Maner, Barh and Gayaspur villages. Apart from this a total of 62 samples from various locations of the district from Arsenic affected areas were collected and analysed. As concentration above the permissible limit (50 ppb) has been found from Haldi chappra in Maner block and Malayibanea in Barh block. The various chemical parameters for locations in the selected wells is given in Table 4 where EC ranges from 310 to 2200 micro Siemens/cm at 25 C. The contour map of EC distribution in the district is given in Fig. 2. 4.6 Status of Ground Water Development There is sufficient scope for sinking both shallow and deep tubewells. In order to tap at least 50 m thick aquifer, a shallow tubewell needs to be constructed to a depth of 100 m bgl. A heavy duty tubewell may be constructed down to a depth of 200 m bgl. The shallow tubewell may be of 300 mm x 150 mm in diameter and a deep tubewell of 350 mm x 200 mm in diameter may be recommended. The spacing of these tubewells can be worked out based on the aquifer parameters to be determined during exploration. The yield of a medium deep tubewell of up to 110 m depth varies from 179 to 208 m3/hr and drawdown at 1.52 to 8.07 m in Bihta block. In Maner, Naubatpur and Masaurhi blocks it varies from 159 to 205 m3/hr (at drawdown of

1.80 to 3.50 m), 179 to 208 m3/hr (at drawdown of 1.52 to 3.65 m) and around 180 m3/hr at 3.55 m drawdown respectively. Whereas in the eastern part of district viz., Barh and Mokama blocks, a medium deep tubewell yields 120 to 227 m3/hr at 3.35 to 17.98 m drawdown. Groundwater sources of irrigation depend on ground water recharging and alluvial deposit are best reservoir of ground water. In the district alluvial thickness ranges to a maximum of 700 m. Shallow tube-wells tap shallow aquifers whereas deep tube wells, the deep aquifers. As per recommendation of the Over Exploitation Committee, Govt. of Bihar, the ground water potential has been worked out which is 81.15 (in000 Ha. m) for ground water recharge (net) and 29.70 (1000Ham) for ground water draft for the district. 5.0 Ground Water Management Strategy 5.1 Ground Water Development Ground water is developed through dugwells, filter points and shallow tubewells to tap water table aquifers. In some places, medium deep tubewells are also constructed tapping confined aquifers in the district which may be taken up by State government, NGOs and prospective formers. In order to assess the type of structure is most beneficial and economical, it is very essential to know the total cost involved in construction and maintenance of each structure. The benefit cost effective ratio of various types of ground water structures may also be worked out. The number of additional ground water structures feasible in the area depends upon the type of structure, its net annual draft and the balance ground water resource available for irrigation. As regards the location and type of structure, a fairly good knowledge of the hydrogeological setting of the area is necessary. It has been proved that a medium deep tubewell is most economical in the given situation in the district, and so the maximum thrust is laid on the construction of a medium deep tubewell (10 cm x 75 m), where ever hydrogeologically feasible. However, sinking other types of structures for irrigation and domestic purposes cannot be totally dispensed with as it depends upon the convenience of user agencies. The ground water resource assessment and stage of ground water development has been evaluated based on the recommendations of the Ground water Estimation Committee 1997 (GEC 1997). The net annually replenishable ground water resource of the district is 105043.1 ham. The gross ground water draft for all uses is 55139.1 ham and allocation for domestic and industrial requirement up to year 2025 years is 10605.3 ham. The present stage of ground water development of district as on 31st March 2004 is 52.5 %. At present maximum ground water development is in Barh block which is 75.2 %, while minimum is in Bikram block where it is 28.9 %.

Details of ground water resources and stage of ground water development for all blocks has been given Table 5 and Fig. 6 5.2 Water Conservation & Artificial Recharge The major benefits from schemes like Artificial Recharge and Rain Water Harvesting structures specially in over exploited and critical areas of the district is the utilization of available run-off during monsoon reason either roof top or open area for the purpose recharging the ground water. Further it would help in arresting the decline of ground water storage and ensuring sustainable and economic utilisation of ground water resources. In this regard, a project has been taken up and funded by the Central Ground Water Board, MER in association with Department of Geology, Patna University, Patna on artificial recharge of ground water in Patna University Campus. The impact assessment of this artificial recharge enlights that the artificial recharge studies made so far following the completion of recharge structure indicate that there has been significant rise in piezometric surface of ground water every year in the surrounding areas and gained considerable success in creating awareness for water conservation among scientists and technocrats in particular and the people in general. 6.0 Ground Water related issues & problems The rivers Sone, Punpun and Phalgu in the district are susceptible to floods, especially in their lower courses and in the deltas. The floods are due to the higher percipitation of rain during a short period when the river channels are unable to carry the run-off, and therefore, spread out over the neighbouring areas damaging cattle, crops and houses. Floods were also niticed as a result of obstruction of river courses by land slips during earthquakes. 7.0 Awareness & Training Activity 7.1 Mass Awareness programme (MAP) & Water Management Training Programmes (WMTP) by CGWB There are number of mass awareness and water management training programmes successfully organized in the district to increase awareness of common people about artificial recharge and conservation of ground water resources which have been put under pressure due to increase in demand of water. Among them these are some of the major gatherings. One camp was organized in Patna city on 18th Dec 1999 and inaugurated by Honble Minister of Water Resources, Dr. C. P. Thakur and graced the occasion. During his speech, he highlighted the need of conservation of precious ground water resources to meet the drinking water procurement in Urban areas. Another mass awareness camp was organized in the office premises on 10th May 1999 which was inaugurated by the Chairman, CGWB. Representatives of various state and

central organisation and local people attended the function. During the function Chairman and other speakers deliberated upon the need of preservation and protection of ground water. Recently, the training programmes were organized on 12th Jan 2005 Artificial Recharge to Ground water and water conservation at Indira Gandhi Planetarium, Patna and on 31st March 2006 at Conference Hall of CGWB, Patna, Bihar. About more than 35 officials from various organization were attended the function as participants. 7.2 Participation in Exhibition, Mela, Fair, etc., Nil 7.3 Presentation & Lectures delivered in public forum/Radio/TV/Institute of repute/Grassroots assciation/NGO/Academic institutions, etc., Nil 8.0 Areas Notified by CGWA/SGWA From the ground water point of view, all blocks of the district are under safe category. So far no blocks have been notified by the Authority. 9.0 Recommendations While constructing deep tube well, the shallow zone must be sealed by cement grouting. The depth of this grouting may vary from area to area slightly depending on litholog. Priority should be given to construct the deep tube wells and use of dug well water in Patna district must be discouraged for human consumption particularly during rainy season. The concept of modeling on ground water can be adopted for planners and decision makers to deal with ground water management studies on larger scale basis.

Sl.No.

Location/ Block

Depth Drilled

Length of Static Discharge Drawdown Specific Trans- Storativity Casing Water pipe/ level Capacity missivity Depth const. m 179.5 219 194.7 213 215.8 172.6 191 125 172 160 152 164 205 176 161 219 185 192 165 220 166 180 165 161 164 135 m bgl 16.3 9.5 7.7 m3/hr 209 224 375.06 m 2.22 4 6 m3/hr/m m2/day 92.89 56 62.51 6980 5892

mbgl 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Sanathan Dharmshala, Patna Cogress maidan, Kadamkuan, Patna Mithapur (Jakkanpur) Fire brigade station, Patna city Karbigahiya, Patna Golghar, Patna Begumpur, Patna city Khagaul/Danapur Anisabad, Patna Khajekalan, Patna city Bikarm Chajubarh, Patna Harding Road, Patna Chaudharana Achudwara, Barh Aunta Mokama 250.12 251.7 215.31 226.7 250.64 277.9 216.72 262.27 219.08

9.26 9.2 9

176.2 193.04 177.14 222.56

2088 2.04 3.11 3.7

61.18 94.6 56.96 60.15

8057 14113 3786

196 245.4 190.32 353.3 238 325 225.85 250.66 226.2 250.11 229.4 230.62 221.3 225 260.48 253.4 200.14 300

2.73 11.5 9.39 9.6 9.63 8 8.96 5.61 8.48

199.85 535.2 194.62 194 211.43 208.93 208.93 194.62 179.63 271.3

3.16 4.4 2.7 2.21 2.9 2.89 2.15 2.39 2 4.53

63.24 19540 7894.56 7101 15479 5924.04 7068 5684.13 6315.65 7006 7.70X10-2

75.37 72.29 83.8 81.09 84 90.13

17 Digha Moldlar tola, 18 Mokama 19 Choudi barh Khasmahal 20 pandarak Fatuha dak 21 bungalow 22 Salimpur 23 Phulwarisharif 24 Pirdamaria 25 Alamganj 26 Bakhtiyarpur Barh, PHED 27 Campus 28 Rarjan 29 Maner

8.35 9.8 11.21

179.63 195 180

2.46 2.22 2.2

73.61 82.7 85.08

7894.56 12235 9882.9 5X10-3

9.15 190.7

194.62

2.49

Table 1: Details of exploratory wells in Patna district.

Sl.No Blocks 1 Bakhtiarpur 2 Barh1 3 Bharatpura 4 Daniyawan 5 Deokali 6 Dulhin Bazar 7 Fatuha 8 Maner 9 Maranchi 10 Masaurhi 11 Mokama 12 Patna-City

Depth to water level (m bgl) for the year 2006-2007 2006/May 2006/Aug 2006/Nov 2007/Jan 8.5 3.6 7.34 9.63 7.2 3.43 6.1 8.1 3 1.7 1.4 1.79 1.58 2.06 2.6 8.57 4.69 3.82 5.22 4.47 1.39 1.86 3.34 2.23 5.33 5.93 5.55 1.8 2.15 3.19 5.5 8.9 6.5 6.5 5.5 3.7 2.75 3.2 1.58 1.8 -

Table 2: Depth to water level (m bgl) of HNS wells in Patna district.

Seasons

No. of wells Analysed 7 7 7

May 06 to Aug 06 May 06 to Nov 06 May 06 to Jan 07

Seasonal fluctuation Range of Fluctuation Rise Rise Fall 0-2 m 2-4 m min max min max No. % No. % 1.30 4.90 2 4 28.57 57.14 1.10 4.75 3 3 42.86 42.86 1.13 3.35 0.90 1.13 2 3 28.57 42.86 Annual fluctuation Range of Fluctuation Rise Rise Fall 0-2 m 2-4 m min max min max No. % No. % 0.02 2.85 4 1 80 20 0.20 2.82 0.20 0.78 4 2 36.36 18.18 0.25 3.57 0.03 2.22 3 1 30 10 0.06 2.25 0.15 1.22 2 2 20 20

>4m No. % 1 14.29 1 14.29 0 0

0-2 m No. % 0 0 0 0 2 28.57

Fall 2-4 m No. % 0 0 0 0 0 0

>4m No. % 0 0 0 0 0 0

Seasons

No. of wells Analysed 5 11 10 10

May 05 to May 06 Aug 05 to Aug 06 Nov 05 to Nov 06 Jan 06 to Jan 07

>4m No. % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0-2 m No. % 0 0 5 45.45 5 50 6 60

Fall 2-4 m No. % 0 0 0 0 1 10 0 0

>4m No. % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Years

May 97 to May 06 Aug 97 to Aug 06 Nov 97 to Nov 06 Jan 98 to Jan 07

Decadal (long term) fluctuation (10 years Mean - May 1997 to May 2006) No. of wells Range of Fluctuation Rise Analysed Rise Fall 0-2 m 2-4 m >4m 0-2 m min max min max No. % No. % No. % No. % 8 0.35 1.14 0.16 1.57 4 0 0 4 50 0 0 50 11 0.39 0.91 0.29 1.21 2 0 0 9 18.18 0 0 81.82 11 0.14 1.71 0.04 1.48 4 0 0 7 36.36 0 0 63.64 11 0.13 1.72 0.07 1.53 5 0 0 6 45.45 0 0 54.55

Fall 2-4 m No. % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

>4m No. % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 3: The seasonal, annual and decadal fluctuation of water level (m bgl) of HNS wells, Patna district.

Sl.No

District

Location

E.C. micro Siemens/cm at 25 degree C 1370 1030 310 1000 2200 590 470 -

pH

CO3 mg/l

HCO3 mg/l 268 390 262 140 525 329 238 189 165

Cl mg/l 121 156 78 14 21 366 28 36 14

SO4

NO3 mg/l

F mg/l 0.6 0.4 -

PO4

Ca mg/l

Mg mg/l 73 61 36 15 17 63 17 12 12

TH as CaCO3 mg/l 360 400 210 100 100 380 120 130 110

Na mg/l 120 151 86 17 143 248 53 38 26

K mg/l 27.0 2.0 5.0 2.6 2.2 12.0 1.7 3.8 1.7

SiO2

67 73 157 158 159 160 161 162 163

Patna

Mokama Barh Bakhtiarpur Maner Bharatpura Patna City Fatuha Dulhin bazaar Deokoli

8.8 8.2 7.9 8.2 8.2 7.6 7.9 8.2 8.3

24.0 NIL ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

38 180 -

228 Tr -

< 0.1 < 0.1 -

24 60 24 16 12 48 20 32 24

23 19 -

Table 4: Analysis of water quality parameters observed in HNS wells, Patna district.

Sl. No

AssessmentUnit /District

Net Annual Ground water Availability 3 1657.8 5266.7 2688.4 1849.2 6275.8 6971.1 3264.4 1499.8 6490.0 5209.5 2942.9 2730.7 2708.9 4905.3 6704.9 4999.6 7180.7 10308.4 6308.1 3793.2 4383.7 4062.6 2841.5 105043.1

Gross Ground Water Draft for Irrigation 4 1001.8 2497.9 1573.6 1166.8 3411.4 1797.2 1502.1 683.8 4563.2 1500.1 1620.0 1243.8 1643.0 1839.1 3629.8 1728.0 3348.2 3349.6 2109.4 1332.6 1996.8 2482.7 1942.7 47963.4

Gross Ground water Draft for Domestic and Industrial Water Suply 5 102.7 397.6 446.8 75.5 323.0 216.6 522.2 93.3 272.0 161.0 393.6 87.7 174.1 431.8 507.2 486.4 265.5 321.1 192.3 906.2 509.3 182.5 107.2 7175.6

Gross Ground Water Draft For all Uses (4+5) 6 1104.5 2895.4 2020.4 1242.3 3734.4 2013.8 2024.3 777.1 4835.3 1661.1 2013.6 1331.5 1817.1 2270.9 4137.1 2214.4 3613.7 3670.7 2301.6 2238.8 2506.1 2665.1 2049.9 55139.1

Allocation for Domesticand Industrial Requirement suply upto next 25 years 7 147.7 636.9 740.2 108.6 464.6 311.5 878.8 134.2 391.3 231.7 643.4 126.2 275.0 675.3 824.1 417.8 382.0 462.0 276.6 1593.9 466.9 262.5 154.3 10605.3

Net Ground Water Availability for future irrigation development (3-4-7) 8 508.2 2132.0 374.6 573.8 2399.8 4862.3 883.5 681.8 1535.5 3477.7 679.4 1360.7 790.9 2390.9 2251.0 2853.9 3450.6 6496.8 3922.1 866.7 1920.1 1317.5 744.5 46474.4

Stage of Ground Water Development (6/3)*100 (%) 9 66.6 55.0 75.2 67.2 59.5 28.9 62.0 51.8 74.5 31.9 68.4 48.8 67.1 46.3 61.7 44.3 50.3 35.6 36.5 59.0 57.2 65.6 72.1 52.5

Total ground water assessment unit areal extent (in hectare) 10 5256 19690 8000 6500 19390 14955 12970 6494 18560 11042 11560 12313 10277 17070 20240 18977 16770 23770 23030 12876 10848 12880 6643 320111

Categorisation for future Ground water Development (safe/semicritical/critical/overexploited) 11 Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe Safe

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

2 Athmalgola Bakhtiapur Barh Belchi Bihta Bikram Danapur Daniawan Dhanarua Dulhinbazar Fathua Ghoshwari Khusrupur Maner Masuarhi Mokama Naubatpur Paliganj Pandarak Patna Sadar Phulwarisarif Punpun Sampatchak Total

Table 5: Details of groundwater development and stage of ground water development of Patna district as on 31st March 2004 (in hectare meters).

Fig. 1: Administrative map, Patna district.

Fig. 2: Hydrogeology and location of exploratory wells, Patna district.

Fig. 3: Location of Hydrograph Network Stations, Patna district.

Fig. 4: Depth to water level map (Pre-monsoon 2006) , Patna district

Fig. 5: Depth to water level map (Post-monsoon 2006) , Patna district

Fig. 6: Block-wise representing stage of groundwater development (%), Patna district