xvii

List of Figures

Page No. 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Time-Frequency Resolution Ridgelet Transform flow graph Flow graph of curvelet transform Overview of organization of the curvelet transform Spatial decomposition of a single subband Big Mac image and stages of curvelet analysis Curvelet coefficients and stages of curvelet synthesis Representation of a few curvelets at two different scales Curvelet Coefficients Analysis(Image-1) Curvelet Coefficients Analysis(Image-2) 11 20 31 34 35 35 37 41 46 46 46 48 51

2.10 Curvelet Coefficients Analysis(Image-3) 3.1 3.2 A Transform coding Existing Quantizer

xviii 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Proposed Quantizer with K=0.6 and M=0.5 Proposed Quantizer with K=0.7 and M=0.4 Proposed Quantizer with K=0.8 and M=0.3 Barbara Image for Compression Ratio of 1:20 PSNR Vs Compression Ratio Plot(Barbara image) Bit rate Vs PSNR Plot(Barbara image) Building image for compression ratio of 1:100 53 54 54 59 60 60 62 63 63 65 66 66 69 72 80 82 84 91 92 94 95 97 98 103 104

3.10 PSNR Vs Compression Ratio Plot(Building image) 3.11 Bit rate Vs PSNR Plot(Building image) 3.12 Textured image for compression ratio of 1:100 3.13 PSNR Vs Compression Ratio Plot(Textured image) 3.14 Bit rate Vs PSNR Plot(Textured image) 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Denoising system using transform techniques Problem formulation and proposed method for denoising Thresholding for the Gaussian prior Thresholding for the Laplacian prior Thresholding for the Generalized Gaussian prior Lenna image added with different types of noises Standard deviation Vs PSNR plot(Lenna image) Building image added with different types of noises Standard deviation Vs PSNR plot(Building image)

4.10 Textured image added with different types of noises 4.11 Standard deviation Vs PSNR plot(Textured image) 5.1 5.2 Fingerprint images corresponding to SD of 0.3 Comparative plots of PSNR vs SD

xix 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Problem formulation and proposed method for denoising Lenna image added with different types of noises Standard deviation Vs PSNR plot(Lenna image) Building image added with different types of noises Standard deviation Vs PSNR plot(Building image) Textured image added with different types of noises Standard deviation Vs PSNR plot(Textured image) 107 111 112 115 116 119 120

List of Tables

Page No. 3.1 PSNR Vs Compression ratio for various algorithms w.r.t. Barbara image. 3.2 PSNR Vs Compression ratio for various algorithms w.r.t. Building image. 3.3 PSNR Vs Compression ratio for various algorithms w.r.t. Textured image. 4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Lenna image. Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Building image. Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Textured image. PSNR for different types of noise. 67 93 96 99 102 64 61

6.1a Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Gaussian noise (Lenna image). 113

xx 6.1b Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Speckle noise (Lenna image). 6.1c Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Salt & Pepper noise (Lenna image). 114 6.2a Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Gaussian noise (Building image). 6.2b Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Speckle noise (Building image). 6.2c Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Salt & Pepper noise (Building image). 6.3a Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Gaussian noise (Textured image). 6.3b Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Speckle noise (Textured image). 6.3c Comparison of PSNR w.r.t SD for Salt & Pepper noise (Textured image). 122 121 121 118 117 117 113