Standard Definitions of Civil

Withdrawn Document Uncontrolled When Printed
Code of Practice GC/RC5603 Issue 1 Date: November 1996
Standard Definitions of Civil Engineering Terms
Synopsis This Code of Practice defines terms in common use in civil engineering Railway Group Standards and Railtrack Line documents.
Approved by Signatures Removed from Electronic Version This document is the property of Railtrack PLC. It shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the Controller, Safety Standards, Railtrack PLC. Published by Safety & Standards Directorate, Railtrack PLC, Floor 2, Fitzroy House, 355 Euston Road, London NW1 3AG Copyright 1996 Railtrack PLC
Keith Tolley Nominated Responsible Manager
Authorised by Brian Alston Controller, Track and Structures Standards
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Code of Practice GC/RC5603 Issue 1 Date: November 1996 Page 1 of 86
Contents
Section Description Page
Part A
Issue Record Responsibilities and distribution Health and Safety Responsibilities Supply 2 2 2 2
Part B
1 2 3 4 Purpose Scope Principles for inclusion of definitions Definitions 3 3 3 4
Appendices
1 2 3 References Diagrams Comments form 71 72 84
RAILTRACK
Part A
Issue Record
This code of practice will be updated when necessary by distribution of individual pages. Amended or additional parts of revised pages will be marked by a vertical black line in the adjacent margin. Issue 1 Date November 1996 Comments Original document
Responsibilities and Distribution

This code of practice shall be made available to all personnel who are involved in civil engineering work on Railtrack Controlled Infrastructure and it shall be read in conjunction with civil engineering Railway Group Standards and civil engineering Railtrack Line documents.
Health and Safety Responsibilities

In issuing this Code of Practice, Railtrack PLC makes no warranties, express or implied, that compliance with all or any Railway Group Standards or Codes of Practice is sufficient on its own to ensure safe systems of work or operation. Each user is reminded of its own responsibilities to ensure health and safety at work and its individual duties under health and safety legislation.
Supply
Controlled and uncontrolled copies of this Code of Practice may be obtained from The Catalogue Secretary, Safety and Standards Directorate, Railtrack PLC, Floor 2, Fitzroy House, 355 Euston Road, London, NW1 3AG.
RAILTRACK
Part B
1 Purpose
This code of practice defines terms in common use in civil engineering Railway Group Standards and Railtrack Line documents.
2 Scope
The definitions in this code of practice apply to all civil engineering related Railway Group Standards and Railtrack Line documents. They also apply to all civil engineering works being carried out on Railtrack controlled infrastructure.
3 Principles for inclusion of definitions:

3.1 Key to the origin or owner of definitions: E* Electrification K* Signalling M* Mechanical / Traction / Rolling Stock RB* Railtrack Rule Book RT Railtrack General (CE origin) S Structures T Track TSHB* Track Safety Handbook * NOTE: Definitions with an owner/origin with * above are quoted without amendment, even when that definition does not meet the criteria set out below. 3.2. Words that have a Railtrack specific meaning have been included (e.g. four foot, accommodation bridge) 3.3. Words that have a particular permanent way (track) meaning have been included (e.g. bullhead rail, switch etc.) 3.4. Words that have a particular structures meaning have been included (e.g. bridge strike, spandrel) 3.5 Words in common civil engineering use have generally been excluded (e.g. backfill,) 3.6 Words which are product, process or procedure specific have been excluded (e.g. Thermit, Pandrol) 3.7 Words which have limited specialist and/or technical meaning have been excluded (e.g. 3 point lining) 3.8 Words or phrases whose meaning may be deduced from other defined words have generally been excluded (e.g. nose baseplate, stock rail bolt) 3.9 Words in the definition column in CAPITALS are words which are defined separately in the document. RAILTRACK 3
4. Definitions
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT
DEFINITION
RT TSHB RT
4 - foot
1. The space between the RAILs of STANDARD GAUGE TRACK 2. The space between the RAILs
6 - foot
1. An INTERVAL between two adjacent TRACKs of a RAILWAY and which is approximately six feet wide 2. The space between one LINE and another, where the LINEs are the normal distance apart
TSHB
RT
10 - foot
1. An INTERVAL between TRACKs which is significantly wider than a SIX FOOT, usually between two pairs of TRACKs 2. The space between one LINE and another, where a wide space is provided between one pair of LINEs where there are three or more LINEs
TSHB
A-type bridge
A standard semi through type steel BRIDGE composed of I-girders and a joists-inconcrete floor carrying one TRACK (see Appendix 2 Diagram 10). Abbreviation of AUTOMATIC BARRIER CROSSING LOCALLY MONITORED 1. Distance above RAIL LEVEL at right angles to the plane of the RAILs. 2. The distance above the level of the top of a specified RAIL
RB T
ABCL Above rail level (ARL)
RB
Absolute Block
1. A signalling system which allows only one TRAIN to be in the BLOCK SECTION Section at the same time 2. A system of controlling RAIL traffic, where (under normal operations) only one TRAIN is allowed in the BLOCK SECTION at a time. Proof of a section CLEAR normally involves observation of the TRAIN TAIL LAMP by the signalman or by the use of TRACK CIRCUITs.
RT RT
Absolute possession Abutment
see POSSESSION A support of an ARCH or BRIDGE etc. which may carry a horizontal force as well as weight. A written authority allowing access to be made to RAILTRACK CONTROLLED INFRASTRUCTURE and the conditions under which such access is made An OVERBRIDGE or UNDERBRIDGE provided to maintain access between portions of land in one ownership severed by the construction of a RAILWAY
RT
Access permit
RT
Accommodation bridge
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Accommodation crossing
DEFINITION A private LEVEL CROSSING provided to maintain access between portions of land in one ownership severed by the construction of the RAILWAY (see also CROSSING, LEVEL CROSSING, AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING, OPEN CROSSING)
RT
Acute crossing
An assembly to permit the passage of WHEEL FLANGEs where the RAILs of two TRACKs cross each other at an acute angle(see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) (also known as common crossing)
Adjustment switch
A scarf joint installed at the junction of CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL and JOINTED TRACK and/or unstrengthened SWITCH AND CROSSING UNITs to accommodate expansion of the non-CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL TRACK. Abbreviation of AUTOMATIC HALF BARRIER CROSSING Longitudinal direction of a TRACK either designed or as a result of traffic effects Charged with electricity A butt welding process by which two RAILs are joined together permanently. Abbreviation of AUSTENITIC MANGANESE STEEL A length of CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL that is clipped down during stressing operations to ensure that no movement occurs at the fixed end of the length being stressed The angle formed by the direction of the vertical plane of a wheel relative to the RUNNING EDGE of the supporting RAIL and at which the WHEEL FLANGE meets the RAIL Abbreviation of AUTOMATIC OPEN CROSSING LOCALLY MONITORED Abbreviation of AUTOMATIC OPEN CROSSING REMOTELY MONITORED On the near side of a specified location when looking in the normal direction of traffic also known as see In Rear Of A method, standard, system, product or drawing acceptable to Railtrack in the managing of its business 1. Horizontal portion of a CAST CROSSING which connects together the leg end FLANGEs. 2. A hard standing area, often of concrete.
RB T RB T T T
AHBC Alignment Alive Alumino-thermic weld AMS Anchor length
Angle of attack
RB RB RT
AOCL AOCR Approach to
RT
Approved by Railtrack
Apron
S S Arch
A beam curved usually in a vertical plane, for carrying heavy loads, such as BRIDGEs or long span roofs (see Appendix 2 Diagram 4). see EXTRADOS
Arch Back
RAILTRACK
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Arch cladding
DEFINITION Sheeting fixed to the underside of an arch to deflect water leakage and permit the area below to be used for storage or working (also known as arch lining) see INTRADOS see ARCH CLADDING TRACK upon which TRAINs or vehicles enter a depot, STATION or MARSHALLING YARD 1. The visual indication of a colour light signal as displayed to the driver 2. Any valid visual indication of a signal as displayed to the driver
S S RT
Arch face Arch lining Arrival line
RB K S
Aspect
Assessment (of a structure) ATP Attachment weld Austenitic manganese steel
The determination of a safe load-carrying capacity of a STRUCTURE taking into account its physical condition and location. Abbreviation for AUTOMATIC TRAIN PROTECTION Any component brazed or welded to a RAIL A steel containing manganese used for the manufacture of SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS and which has a greater resistance to wear than similar components made from NORMAL GRADE RAIL STEEL Abbreviated to AMS
K T T
TSHB
Authorised walking route
A specially designated route (which may include made-up pathways) for the use of personnel when walking to or from their place of work when carrying out RAILWAY duties or going to or from their booking-on point. An ON-TRACK MACHINE fitted with a means of separating fine material from reusable BALLAST, the fines being loaded away to tip or deposited at the LINESIDE and the reusable BALLAST returned to the TRACK A moveable full width or half BARRIER, controlled by the approach of a TRAIN, which extends across the full width of a road at a LEVEL CROSSING An AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING equipped with half-BARRIERs and road traffic light signals at which the correct operation of the CROSSING equipment is monitored by the TRAIN driver An AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING equipped with half-BARRIERs, road traffic light signals and telephones communicating with the supervising SIGNAL BOX
RT
Automatic ballast cleaner
RT
Automatic barrier
Automatic barrier crossing, locally monitored (ABCL) Automatic half barrier crossing (AHBC)
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Automatic Level Crossing
DEFINITION 1. A LEVEL CROSSING which is operated by approaching TRAINs and not interlocked with protecting signals. Road traffic light signals (or miniature red/green warning lights in the case of MWLs) are provided. Additional pedestrian signals may be provided at road CROSSINGs depending upon the number of pedestrian users. Half-BARRIERs may be provided , depending upon the type of automatic CROSSING (see AHBC, ABCL, AOCL, AOCR, MWL)) 2. Includes any of the following LEVEL CROSSINGs: AUTOMATIC HALF-BARRIER CROSSING (AHBC) AUTOMATIC BARRIER CROSSING LOCALLY MONITORED (ABCL) Automatic OPEN CROSSING, locally monitored (AOCL) Miniature red/green warning lights (R/G)
RB
Automatic open crossing locally monitored (AOCL) Automatic open crossing remotely monitored (AOCR) Automatic power control magnets
An AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING equipped with road traffic light signals at which the correct operation of the CROSSING equipment is monitored by the TRAIN driver. BARRIERs are not provided. An absolute type of AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING, similar to an AHBC but without BARRIERs
RT
Permanent magnets mounted on timbers outside of each RUNNING RAIL of a TRACK which cause the on-vehicle circuit breakers to operate on entering or leaving an overhead electrification neutral section An automatic TAMPING machine which is also capable of LIFTING and SLUING TRACK to correct ALIGNMENT errors A safety system that enforces either compliance with or observation of speed restrictions and/or signal ASPECTs by TRAINs Abbreviated to ATP
RT
Automatic tamping and lining machine Automatic train protection
Automatic warning system
A system that provides audible and visual warnings to the driver on the APPROACH TO signals, certain LEVEL CROSSINGs, and TEMPORARY and PERMANENT SPEED RESTRICTIONs Abbreviated to AWS
RT
Avoiding line
TRACK provided for TRAINs such that they do not pass through a STATION or other specified location. Abbreviation for AUTOMATIC WARNING SYSTEM
AWS
RAILTRACK
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Axle counter
DEFINITION A method of TRAIN DETECTION. TRACK mounted equipment counts the number of axles entering and leaving a TRACK section at its extremity. A calculation is performed to determine whether the TRACK section is OCCUPIED or CLEAR A device mounted on a RAIL for measuring and recording the gross tonnage of traffic passing over part of a RAILWAY The ACUTE CROSSING of the diamond of a DOUBLE JUNCTION which is located farthest from the JUNCTION SWITCHes 1. A secondary drive for SWITCHes which is derived from either the SWITCH TOE drive, or from interconnected hydraulic drives, to facilitate the operation of long SWITCHes 2. An additional drive connected to the SWITCH RAILs of a set of POINTS at a position closer to the CROSSING than to the SWITCH tips (also known as supplementary drive)
RT
Axle load survey equipment Back crossing
Back drive
Back edge
The outside face of the head of a RAIL when installed in TRACK. The non RUNNING EDGE side of the RAIL HEAD (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) (also known as outside edge or field face)
Back edge corner
The curved portion of the RAIL HEAD between the RUNNING SURFACE and the BACK EDGE (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) 1 Additional lengths of RAIL in a SWITCH DIAMOND to transfer thermally induced loads between WING RAILs and SWITCH RAILs 2 The machined RAILs attached to very flat angled ACUTE CROSSINGs
Back rails
T T
Back-hole drilled Back-hole fished
A RAIL with only the FISHBOLT HOLE(s) furthest from the RAIL-end(s) drilled A RAIL JOINT in which the FISHPLATEs are clamped to the RAILs by means of bolts through the FISHBOLT HOLEs furthest from each RAIL END A steel used for SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS and rolled RAILs Granular material of specified properties placed on the FORMATION to provide vertical and lateral support to the SLEEPERs or bearers The wearing down of BALLAST from its original size and/or angularity A timber board or metal plate to retain the BALLAST on a BRIDGE and prevent it from falling through (see Appendix 2 Diagram 6) Removal of fine material from the BALLAST of a TRACK The process of reducing the air space ratio of the BALLAST supporting a TRACK in order to reduce the settlement of the BALLAST under traffic and to improve its shear strength.
T T
Bainitic steel Ballast
T S
Ballast attrition Ballast board / plate
T T
Ballast cleaning Ballast consolidation
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Ballast depth
DEFINITION The depth of the BALLAST below the SOFFIT of wood and CONCRETE SLEEPERs, SWITCH and CROSSING TIMBERs or bearers and from the underside of the longitudinal lower edge of STEEL SLEEPERs Placing and consolidating BALLAST under SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers to eliminate voids and/or to raise the level of the TRACK The shape of the distribution of the BALLAST across the cross section of a RAILWAY The process of creating the correct BALLAST PROFILE using a purpose built ON-TRACK MACHINE BALLAST at the ends of SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers to provide lateral stability to a TRACK A specified additional quantity of BALLAST added to the BALLAST SHOULDER of continuously welded TRACK to provide additional lateral stability A wall built on the top of an ABUTMENT or pier to retain BALLAST. TRACK in which the SLEEPERs are supported on and the inter-SLEEPER spaces filled with BALLAST. see STRING COURSE 1. A tightly fitting metal band applied to a cracked chimney shaft or column to prevent further deterioration. 2. Of SLEEPERs / TIMBERs: The fitting of tensioned bands around wooden SLEEPERs or TIMBERs either side of the CHAIRs or BASEPLATEs to close up splits and/or shakes
Ballast packing
T T
Ballast profile Ballast Regulating
Ballast shoulder
Ballast shoulder surcharge Ballast wall Ballasted track
S T
S S
Band course Banding
Barrier
LEVEL CROSSING: A device pivoted at the side of the carriageway (or footway / cycleway) which is lowered when required to close the carriageway to road users (or the footway / cycleway to pedestrians / cyclists) A CROSSING (often at the end of a PLATFORM) for use by RAILWAY employees. PROTECTION, if provided, is by means of a steady white light which is extinguished under fault conditions or when a train enters a controlling TRACK CIRCUIT. NOTE: This form of protection does not fall within PROTECTION OF THE LINE , and is a personnel warning system only.
RB / K
Barrow Crossing
Base of flangeway
The base of the groove between the RUNNING RAIL and CHECK RAIL or WING RAIL which accommodates the WHEEL FLANGE in a CAST CROSSING A cast or rolled metal support for FLATBOTTOM RAIL Resilient material fitted between a BASEPLATE and the supporting SLEEPER or TIMBER
T T
Baseplate Baseplate pad
RAILTRACK
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Batter
DEFINITION 1. The localised wear and depression of a RAIL END caused by wheel impacts 2. The slope of the face of a retaining wall 3. The slope of a CUTTING or an EMBANKMENT
T S S RT
Bay line
A dead-end TRACK, at a through STATION which has a PLATFORM provided at one or both sides and is fitted with a BUFFER STOP A PLATFORM at a through STATION that borders one or both sides of a BAY LINE. see CONCRETE BEARER, TIMBER 1. Bridge: The point at which a girder or beam is supported (see Appendix 2 Diagram 6) 2. Wheel: a support and locating device for a wheel and / or axle and for minimising the effects of frictional forces.
RT T S
Bay platform Bearer Bearing
Bed
Ballast: The space between adjacent SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers also known as CRIB
Bedstone
A stone or concrete slab used to support and spread the load of a girder column or BEARING see also CILL BEAM
S RT RT
Berm Between trains Beyond
A step in the slope of a CUTTING or EMBANKMENT Work on a RAILWAY TRACK undertaken in the intervals between TRAINs passing a site On the far side of a specified location when looking in the normal direction of traffic also known as In Advance Of IN ADVANCE OF 1. A LINE on which the signalling allows for TRAINs running in both directions 2. A LINE on which the signalling provides for running movements in both directions.
RB K T T T
Bi-directional line
Bitumen spray Black bolts Blanket
A cationic bitumen sprayed on clay SUB GRADEs as a stabilising medium Steel bolts which have been made to wide tolerances and from non-high tensile steels A layer of non-cohesive material of specified particle size distribution placed over a clay or silty clay SUB GRADE to minimise the upward migration through the BALLAST of clay or silt particles Rail rolled to a reduced standard of quality from that normally required but otherwise suitable for use Cast iron spacing or strengthening pieces in SWITCH and CROSSING work (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3)
Blemished rail
Block
10
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Block Indicator
DEFINITION 1. An instrument which indicates the state of the LINE between adjacent SIGNAL BOXes (ABSOLUTE BLOCK Signalling) 2. The part of the Block Instrument that provides the signalman with a continual visual indication of the state of the LINE between adjacent SIGNAL BOXes.
RB
T RB / K
Block Joint Block Section
see INSULATED RAIL JOINT The section of LINE between the SECTION SIGNAL of one SIGNAL BOX and the HOME SIGNAL of the next SIGNAL BOX ahead A LINE or a portion of a LINE closed to the passage of TRAINs A LINE or LINEs of an electric RAILWAY which is/are not available for use by electrically powered TRAINs. A connector used to provide electrical continuity between two or more components Hole in the WEB of a RAIL for the connection of electrical bonding wires or cables The prolongation of the life of SOFTWOOD SLEEPERs, TIMBERs and LONGITUDINAL TIMBERs by the insertion of a number of rods of sodium octaborate into the timber The BALLAST below the underside of the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or Bearers of a TRACK The part of a CAST CROSSING which lies between the changes of section and which does not contain an ordinary RAIL cross-section The placing of BALLAST between SLEEPERs usually up to the level of the top of the SLEEPERs. The BALLAST between the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or Bearers of a TRACK Any RAIL vehicle with a brake compartment 1. The distance a TRAIN needs in which to stop or reduce speed to a specified lower speed, from travelling at a given speed 2. Emergency: The distance in which a TRAIN is capable of stopping in an emergency. Dependent upon TRAIN speed, TRAIN type, braking characteristics, TRAIN weight and/or GRADIENT 3. Service: The distance in which a TRAIN is capable of stopping, from a given speed, at such a deceleration for a passenger TRAIN that the passengers do not suffer discomfort or alarm, or at an equivalent deceleration in the case of non-passenger TRAINs.
RT RT
Blocked line Blocked to electric trains Bond Bond wire hole Borate rod preservation Bottom ballast Box Section
E/K T T
T T
Boxing-in
T RB RB
Boxing-in ballast Brakevan Braking distance
RT T T
Branch line Brand mark
TRACK that serves as a feeder to MAIN or SECONDARY LINE(s) 1. Rail: details of the RAIL manufacture embossed onto the WEB of a RAIL 2. SLEEPER: details of the type and manufacturer cast onto a CONCRETE SLEEPER
RAILTRACK
11
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Breaking out Bridge
DEFINITION Detachment of pieces of the RAIL head A STRUCTURE of one or more spans of 1.8m in length or longer whose prime purpose is to carry traffic over an obstruction or gap A cast or fabricated metal CHAIR, of smaller base area than a common CHAIR, used to support BULLHEAD RAILs on LONGITUDINAL TIMBERs and in restricted spaces in SWITCH and CROSSING layouts An implement for setting or checking the clearances between an OVERBRIDGE and a TRACK An incident in which a road vehicle or its load (or a vessel in navigable waters) collides with a BRIDGE A mode of fracture caused by a loss of ductility and characterised by a sudden break A RAIL which before removal from TRACK has a fracture through the full cross-section or a piece broken out of it which renders it unserviceable Local damage to any surface of the RAIL from accidental impact from various causes A thermally induced TRACK MISALIGNMENT An assembly provided at the end of a length of TRACK to limit the travel of RAIL vehicles see also STOP BLOCK
T S
Bridge chair
Bridge gauge
Bridge strike
T T
Brittle fracture Broken rail
T T RT
Bruising Buckle Buffer stop
Built up and timbered layout Built-up crossing Bullhead Burrowing junction
A layout of SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS built up by the manufacturer on his premises and fully timbered prior to dismantling and loading see FABRICATED CROSSING An obsolescent RAIL SECTION which has a head and foot of similar shape A SWITCH and CROSSING layout which incorporates a facility for one or more diverging LINEs to be carried under the principal route to avoid conflicting movements A concrete or masonry thickening pier at right angles to a wall built to help the wall to resist earth thrust or water pressure or ARCH thrust. A standard semi through type steel BRIDGE composed of three I girders with joists-inconcrete floor carrying two TRACKs. (see Appendix 2 Diagram 8). An instrument utilised to detect the presence of a buried SERVICE The amount by which one RUNNING RAIL of a curved TRACK is raised above the other RUNNING RAIL. (also known as CROSS LEVEL) A design limiting value by which CANT may be permitted to be less than the EQUILIBRIUM CANT required for actual traffic
T T RT
Buttress
C-type bridge
SK T
Cable avoiding tool Cant
Cant deficiency
12
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Cant deficiency gradient Cant gradient Cant limiting values Cant mark Carriage siding Carrier drain
DEFINITION The rate at which CANT DEFICIENCY changes in a specified length
T T T RT S
The rate at which CANT changes in a specified length Minimum and maximum CANTs for specific conditions A visual indication on the TRACK of the CANT applied or to be applied SIDING for the storage and/or maintenance of passenger carrying vehicles An impervious DRAIN designed to carry water from place to place. it is not designed to collect water from the surface or surrounding soil directly. A CROSSING comprising a central casting with ordinary rolled RAIL SECTION legs welded onto it A CROSSING which is made from cast steel. (see also CAST CROSSING, CAST MONOBLOC CROSSING)
Cast centre crossing
Cast Crossing
T T S
Cast monobloc crossing Cast Vee Catch pit
A CROSSING cast as one piece. A CAST CROSSING NOSE. Chambers built at intervals along a pipe DRAIN to provide access to the pipes for cleaning and to trap silt washed into the DRAIN 1. POINTS provided for derailing a vehicle(s) running back on a GRADIENT in the WRONG DIRECTION. These POINTS may be unworked if TRAINs normally pass over the POINTS in one direction only 2. A trailable spring SWITCH installed to derail vehicles in the event of their running away in the WRONG DIRECTION 3. POINTS provided for derailing vehicles running back on a rising GRADIENT. The POINTS may only be unworked if traffic is in one direction only.
RB
Catch Point
RT
Cattle creep
An UNDERBRIDGE constructed to provide a facility for cattle and other animals to cross the RAILWAY A device provided adjacent to the carriageway at a LEVEL CROSSING to deter animals from straying and pedestrians from trespassing onto the RAILWAY. This may only be required on one side of the carriageway.
Cattle Guard
also known as Cattle-cum-trespass guard or Trespass guard TRESPASS GUARD T Centre bound A SLEEPER, TIMBER or bearer which is supported by BALLAST at or near its mid point only
RAILTRACK
13
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Centre line design
DEFINITION A SWITCH and CROSSING design that is constructed about the longitudinal centre line of each RUNNING RAIL and the INTERSECTION POINTs of those lines A method of measuring the angle of a CROSSING .
Centre line measurement Centre throw
RT
The horizontal displacement of a vehicle at the mid point of the wheelbase or bogie centres when on curved TRACK 1. The space between the lower edge of the BALLAST SHOULDER and either the toe of a CUTTING slope, top of an EMBANKMENT slope or the edge of unexcavated ground where the TRACK is at natural ground level. 2. The space alongside the RAILWAY LINE(s)
Cess
TSHB S S Cess drain Cess heave
A DRAIN laid in the CESS of a RAILWAY The upward DEFORMATION of a CESS caused by a strength failure of the subgrade of a TRACK and its subsequent displacement A cast or fabricated metal support for a BULLHEAD RAIL Resilient material fitted between a CHAIR and the supporting SLEEPER or TIMBER Coach screw used to fasten CHAIRs or BASEPLATEs to the supporting SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers A SWITCH in which the adjacent sides of the heads of the SWITCH RAIL and STOCK RAIL are machine planed to a matching angled cut The position on a CAST CROSSING where the rail profile of the LEG ENDS transitions to the BOX SECTION of the main portion of the casting A DRAIN formed from U -shaped preformed or cast in-situ units A cast or rolled metal BASEPLATE which carries both a flatbottom RUNNING RAIL and a flatbottom CHECK RAIL A cast or fabricated metal CHAIR which carries both a bullhead RUNNING RAIL and a bullhead CHECK RAIL Rail or special section provided alongside a RUNNING RAIL, at a specified dimension inside gauge to provide a FLANGEWAY, to give guidance to wheelsets by restricting lateral movement of the wheels (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) see also RAISED CHECK RAIL, FLANGEWAY
T T T
Chair Chair pad Chair screw
Chamfered switch
Change of section
S T
Channel drain Check baseplate
Check chair
Check rail
Check rail lubricator
A RAIL LUBRICATOR designed to place lubricant on the back of the WHEEL FLANGEs of vehicles to reduce the wear of CHECK RAILs and WING RAILs Crushed stone between 10mm and 20mm in size and of angular shape used to fill voids below SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers to restore the level of the TRACK
Chippings
14
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Chord
DEFINITION A reference line of predetermined length from which VERSINE measurements are taken to enable the radius of curve to be calculated or designed A continuous concrete block used to support and spread the load of a number of girders columns or BEARINGs (see Appendix 2 Diagram 11) see also BEDSTONE
Cill Beam
T T
Circular curve Circular turnout
A curve of constant radius throughout its length A TURNOUT having a CIRCULAR CURVE from the SWITCH HEEL to the INTERSECTION POINT of the ACUTE CROSSING An ARCH with ARCH LINING or cladding (also known as Lined Arch) 1. A combined hydraulic driving and locking mechanism for SWITCHes 2. A point operating mechanism which locks the POINTS by directly clamping the SWITCH RAIL to the STOCK RAIL.
S K
Clad arch Clamp lock
K T
Clamp lock switch Clamped joint
SWITCHes operated by means of a CLAMP LOCK mechanism A joint between two RAIL ENDs which is fitted with FISHPLATEs secured by adjustable clamps A track section having no part of a train upon it. River SCOUR where material is eroded by the velocity of the water and carried away down stream creating a depression in the bed of the river. 1. The position between diverging TRACKs where loading gauges are separated by a specified margin 2. The minimum distance from POINTS and CROSSINGs at which TRACK CIRCUIT boundaries must be positioned, to prove that a vehicle on one TRACK is in a position CLEAR of a movement on the other. (see also FOULING POINT)
RT S
Clear Clear water scour
RT
Clearance point
Clip deflection
The specified amount by which certain types of RAIL CLIP deflect when being installed and/or tightened to produce the designed TOE LOAD Fitting and driving RAIL FASTENINGs to flat bottom TRACK A TRACK over which traffic has ceased to pass permanently A SWITCH in which a SWITCH RAIL is closed up to a STOCK RAIL for the intended movement. The last weld made at a site of RAIL installation or stressing to complete the welding of the RAILs forming one side of a TRACK A short length of RUNNING RAIL used to complete a TRACK assembly. 15
T RT T
Clipping-up Closed line Closed switch
Closing weld
T RAILTRACK
Closure rail
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Coastal defence Coastal protection works Cold expansion of bolt holes Collar joint Commencement Indicator Common crossing Competent person
DEFINITION A work provided to protect the INFRASTRUCTURE from sea erosion Works which prevent erosion of land and encroachment by the sea but perform no flood defence role The introduction of an annular compressive stress around the bolt holes at a RAIL END by hydro-mechanical means The circumferential mortar bed between two ARCH rings. An obsolete term for SPEED INDICATOR
S S
S K
T RB
see ACUTE CROSSING A person who has been passed as being qualified and having the required knowledge and skills to carryout a particular Rule, Regulation, Instruction or Procedure 1. An ALUMINO-THERMIC WELD made between RAILs of different sections 2. A FLASH WELD made between an austenitic steel RAIL and a pearlitic steel RAIL and which uses an intermediate stainless steel insert.
T T
Composite weld
Compound curve
A curve consisting of two or more arcs of different radii curving in the same direction and having a common tangent or TRANSITION CURVE where they meet. A concrete ARCH BRIDGE unit with raised HAUNCHes designed to replace a masonry ARCH and improve clearances. (See Appendix 2 Diagram 11). Transverse prestressed concrete support for SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS see also TIMBER
Conarch
Concrete bearer
T RB T
Concrete sleeper Conductor rail
SLEEPER manufactured from prestressed or reinforced concrete 1. A RAIL through which electricity is supplied to electrically powered TRAINs 2. An additional RAIL for conveying and enabling the collection of electric traction current at TRACK level on a direct current electrified RAILWAY
T T T
Configurated rail pad Conicity Consolidation
A RAIL PAD having a number of grooves, pimples or dimples moulded on to its surfaces The rate of change of rolling radius of a wheel across a RAIL HEAD Compaction of the BALLAST under the SLEEPERs of a TRACK which is achieved by the squeeze action of the TAMPING tines of a TAMPING machine or by a TRACK stabilising machine The part of the RAIL HEAD showing evidence of wheel/rail contact (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) Land that because of its nature, current or former uses contains substances that have the potential to cause harm to persons or damage to property or the environment RAILTRACK
Contact surface
Contaminated land
16

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Continuity bond
DEFINITION A BOND across the gap in the TRACTION CURRENT RETURN RAILs at SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS Rails welded together to form a single RAIL greater than a nominal 36m in length. Abbreviated to CWR. see OPPOSITE FLEXURE A stone, concrete or brick capping provided to prevent water entering a wall. A series of alternate high and low points on the RUNNING SURFACE and/or the RUNNING EDGE of a RAIL 1. A support for a CUTTING or EMBANKMENT slope 2. A supporting BUTTRESS to a retaining wall.
Continuous welded rail
T S T
Contra-flexure Coping Corrugation
S S S T
Counterfort
Covered way Crack size estimation
A long BRIDGE or TUNNEL constructed by the cut and cover process. A technique using ULTRASONIC RAIL FLAW DETECTION equipment to assess the size of internal flaws in RAILs A RAIL which has a crack, either visible or invisible in some part of its length A design factor applied to the performance of a SLEEPER and RAIL FASTENINGs to resist longitudinal movement of the RAILs The space between adjacent SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers (see also BED) SIDING used for the storage of defective vehicles (known as cripples) awaiting repair The RAIL temperature to which unstressed or disturbed CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL may be allowed to rise before measures to protect traffic must be taken Cutting a RAIL so as to remove one or more FISHBOLT and/or BOND WIRE HOLEs or dips and/or BATTER at a RAIL END A BOND between the TRACTION CURRENT RETURN RAILs of the same or adjacent TRACKs A small girder spanning between main load carrying girders. (See Appendix 2 Diagram 6) 1. The difference in level between the two RUNNING RAILs of straight TRACK (see also CANT) 2. A instrument for measuring the difference in height of the two RAILs of a TRACK
T T
Cracked rail Creep resistance
T RT T
Crib Cripple siding Critical rail temperature Cropping
Cross bond
Cross girder
Cross level
T T Cross sleepered track
TRACK in which the RAILs are supported by SLEEPERs laid normal to the longitudinal centre line of the TRACK. The slope across the width of a FORMATION
Crossfall
RAILTRACK
17
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Crossing
DEFINITION 1. A cast or fabricated portion of the TRACK layout which enables the RAILs of the two TRACKs to cross each other, while still providing support and guidance for smooth passage of the vehicles wheels 2. An installation that provides for a RAILWAY and a road or other thoroughfare to cross at the same level (see also LEVEL CROSSING, ACCOMMODATION CROSSING, AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING, OPEN LEVEL CROSSING)
Crossing angle
The angle of intersection of the gauge lines of a CROSSING expressed as 1 in N based upon CENTRE LINE MEASUREMENT of the angle where N = 1/2 cot/2 where is the CROSSING ANGLE in degrees The end of a CROSSING VEE which is remote from the CROSSING NOSE (see also HEEL) (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) 1. The machined end of the vee of an ACUTE CROSSING (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3). 2. The machined end of an OBTUSE POINT RAIL (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3). 3. The machined end of an ACUTE CROSSING POINT RAIL (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3).
Crossing heel
Crossing nose
T T RT
Crossing timber Crossing vee Crossover
A TIMBER which supports one or more CROSSINGs Two RAILs which are joined at an acute angle 1. Two TURNOUTs connected to give the facility for TRAINs to pass from one TRACK to an adjacent TRACK 2. Two TURNOUTs connected to form a continuous passage between two parallel TRACKs.
Crown
1. The highest part of the RUNNING SURFACE of a RAIL (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) 2. The highest part of the underside of an ARCH shaped structure (e.g. of a DRAIN or TUNNEL). Also known as Soffit. (See Appendix 2 Diagram 4)
Crushing
The widening of the wheel/rail contact area and the lateral DEFORMATION of the RAIL HEAD because of excessive wheel loads A covered channel greater than 450mm and less than 2 metres wide carrying a water course under a RAILWAY or road. A metal, stone or brick ring (surrounding the EYE)which supports a TUNNEL SHAFT and transfers the load to the ARCH (also spelt Kerb) An additional FLANGE plate which does not run the full length of a girder.
RT
Culvert
Curb
Curtail plate
18
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Curvature
DEFINITION 1. The reciprocal of the radius of a curve 2. The divergence of a TRACK from a projected tangent over a given distance
RT
Curve realignment
The regularisation of the radius of a curve by the utilisation of a mathematical analysis of the VERSINEs measured at the mid point of overlapping CHORDs of the same predetermined length A SWITCH that includes CURVED PLANED SWITCH RAILs A SWITCH RAIL in which the running face of the PLANING LENGTH is curved in plan
T T
Curved planed switch Curved planed switch rail Cutting
RT
An open excavation to permit a RAILWAY or road to maintain its level and GRADIENT through high ground. Abbreviation for CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL SIDEWEAR which alternates from one RAIL to another as a result of cyclic lateral movement of some rolling stock when on straight TRACK A regular series of alternate high and low spots in a TRACK. In certain cases cyclic top can cause resonance in the suspension of certain types of RAIL vehicles. A succession of TWIST FAULTs where the LOW RAIL is alternately in the left hand RAIL and the right hand RAIL of a TRACK. A standard through type steel BRIDGE composed of two I girders and a joists-in-concrete floor carrying a single TRACK. 1. The RAIL, usually selected following a datum rail survey, against which the LINING CHORD trolleys of a TAMPING AND LINING machine are pre-loaded before work commences 2. The RAIL of a TRACK which requires the least work to correct its longitudinal TOP and from which CROSS LEVEL readings are taken for LIFTING and PACKING of the TRACK
T T
CWR Cyclic sidewear
Cyclic top
Cyclic twist
D-type bridge
Datum rail
RB
Deceleration distance
The minimum distance at which a Warning Indicator (for a PERMISSIBLE SPEED) or a Warning Board (for a TEMPORARY or EMERGENCY SPEED RESTRICTION) must be positioned approaching the start of the change in speed to which it applies The removal, demolition or other means of taking a STRUCTURE, TRACK layout, signalling or electrical equipment out of use The application of a paint system designed to improve the appearance of a BRIDGE, STRUCTURE, building, etc., rather than protect it against corrosion A RAIL unbroken but which has to be removed prematurely from the TRACK for any reason
RT
Decommissioning
Decorative painting
Defective rail
RAILTRACK
19
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Defective weld
DEFINITION A weld between abutting RAILs which contains a defect which reduces the strength of the weld or results in a weld of unsatisfactory geometry Mechanical distortion of a RAIL, of the TRACK or of earthworks TRACK upon which TRAINs or vehicles leave a depot, STATION or MARSHALLING YARD The vertical dimension from the underside of a SLEEPER, TIMBER or bearer to the bottom of a BALLAST excavation or FORMATION WORK A safety device attached to a RAIL, that will, when operated., cause a derailment of a vehicle in making an unauthorised movement. TAMPING AND LINING work undertaken to the requirements of a designed level and ALIGNMENT scheme. A thorough examination of the condition of all parts of a STRUCTURE including the reporting of the same The proof that the POINTS are correctly locked in the NORMAL or REVERSE position. DETECTION must be achieved before the protecting signal will clear see also TRAIN DETECTION
T RT
Deformation Departure line
Depth of cut
Derailer
Designed tamping and lining Detailed examination
RB
Detection
RB
Detonator
A small disk-shaped warning device, designed to be placed on the RAIL HEAD for PROTECTION and emergency purposes, which explodes when a TRAIN passes over see also RAILWAY FOG SIGNAL NOTE: Although RAILWAY personnel have always used the term DETONATOR (and this is reflected in the Railtrack Rule Book definition above), the correct term to use is RAILWAY FOG SIGNAL. The correct definition of a DETONATOR is an explosive device that is designed to initiate an explosion of a quantity of an explosive substance, which the RAILWAY definition of a DETONATOR above does not meet.
RT RT
Detonator placer Diamond crossing
A remotely controlled device for placing DETONATORs on a RAIL An assembly of two ACUTE CROSSINGs, two OBTUSE CROSSINGs, CLOSURE RAILs, RAIL FASTENINGs and bearers which permits one TRACK to cross another TRACK at the same level (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) A speed restriction having two values, each of which is applicable to different types of TRAIN A RUNNING RAIL JOINT deformed vertically by traffic effects RAIL FASTENING SYSTEM where the RAIL is fastened directly to its supporting SLEEPER, TIMBER, bearer or BRIDGE deck without a BASEPLATE or CHAIR see THROUGH SIDING
Differential Speed Restriction Dipped joint Direct fastening
T T
RT
Double ended siding
20
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Double junction
DEFINITION A SWITCH and CROSSING layout comprising two TURNOUTs and a DIAMOND CROSSING Double PARALLEL WING (rails) i.e. a PARALLEL WING RAIL on each side of a CROSSING VEE (DPW is a suffix to the description of an ACUTE CROSSING) 1. DIAMOND CROSSING with four SLIP SWITCHes to provide two additional directional facilities. 2. A combination of a DIAMOND CROSSING with four point ends without the need for separate CROSSINGs (POINTS).
RT
Double parallel wing (DPW) Double Slip
RT
RT
Double tongue catch point Double tongue trap point Double track Doubling Down Drain Dressing of rails Driver Only (or D.O. train) Dye penetrant testing Dynamic level E-type bridge
A set of TRAIN operated TRAILING SWITCHes installed to derail vehicles in the event of their unauthorised movement A set of operated SWITCHes installed to deflect vehicles so as to protect adjacent TRACKs in the event of their running away in the WRONG DIRECTION RAILWAY having two TRACKs Adding a TRACK to SINGLE LINE RAILWAY Direction away from the designated origin for a route A covered channel 450mm wide or less carrying a watercourse below ground level. Removal of LIPPING by means of a portable grinder A TRAIN that is worked only by a Driver and does not have a GUARD
RT
RT RT RT RT T RB
T T S
A non-destructive method of examining metals for surface breaking cracks Loaded level of a RUNNING RAIL A standard through type steel BRIDGE composed of two I girders and a joists-inconcrete floor carrying two TRACKs. (see Appendix 2 Diagram 9). A conductor for connecting electrical equipment to the traction current return circuit See SPIKE FASTENING See KNUCKLE Weld between abutting RAILs made by an electric arc welding process A RAILWAY upon which vehicles are moved by electricity A LINE which is electrified either by 25,000 volt AC overhead lines or by 750 volt DC CONDUCTOR RAIL(s) A TRACK of an ELECTRIC RAILWAY
E T T T RT RB
Earthing connection Elastic spike Elbow Electric arc weld Electric railway Electrified Line
RT
Electrified track
RAILTRACK
21
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Electro-slag welded Vee Elongation index Embankment Emergency bridging pieces Emergency clamped fishplates Emergency Indicator
DEFINITION An ACUTE CROSSING in which the Vee is formed from two RAILs electro-slag welded together and the WING RAILs bolted or multi grooved locking pin fixed to the Vee A measure of the shape of individual pieces of BALLAST Fill to permit a RAILWAY to maintain its level and GRADIENT across low ground. Inverted channel sections used to temporarily bridge a large gap (up to 165mm (6) between two RAIL ENDs in order to permit RAIL vehicles to pass in an emergency Specially forged FISHPLATEs held together with adjustable clamps which can be applied to a RAIL at a defect or some RAIL breaks to hold the RAILs to line and level A LINESIDE sign that informs the driver of an EMERGENCY SPEED RESTRICTION ahead. 1. An unplanned reduction in TRAIN speed imposed between defined locations along a TRACK. 2. A speed restriction not shown in the Weekly Operating Notice, or which is more restrictive than shown, or which applies at a time not shown.
T RT T
RT
Emergency speed restriction
T T T
Encapsulated fishplate End bound End off-loading
An INSULATED FISHPLATE which has the insulating material bonded to the FISHPLATE A SLEEPER, TIMBER or bearer which is supported by BALLAST at or near its ends only Unloading materials, especially RAILs, over the end of a vehicle or TRAIN into the FOUR FOOT of the TRACK on which the vehicle or train stands Loading materials over the end of a wagon Non-electrically conducting preformed spacing piece inserted between the RAIL ENDs at an insulated joint The horizontal displacement of a vehicle at its ends when on curved TRACK see POSSESSION. SIDINGs used for the stabling, marshalling and loading/unloading of vehicles used by the INFRASTRUCTURE contractors an Engineering Supervisor is appointed at each WORK SITE and is responsible for: arranging the marker boards (where required) authorising ENGINEERS TRAINs to enter or move within the WORK SITE
T T
End on-loading End post
T RT T/S
End throw Engineers possession Engineers sidings
TSHB
Engineering Supervisor
T/S
Engineers line reference Engineers Train
A three or four alpha-numeric character code defining a route
RT RB 22
1. A TRAIN with a locomotive comprising vehicles used for engineering purposes. 2. Includes an ON-TRACK MACHINE RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Entry angle
DEFINITION The angle of the planing of the FLARE of flat bottom wing and CHECK RAILs (see also SWITCH ENTRY ANGLE) The amount of CANT that produces equal loading of the RUNNING RAILs of a curved TRACK for a given speed of TRAINs. The speed of a vehicle at which the loads applied by the vehicle to each RAIL of curved and canted TRACK are equal The value of nominally installed CANT and terms representing tolerances in installed CANT as used in GAUGING calculations The radius achieved through a SWITCH and CROSSING unit located in curved TRACK calculated from the radius of CURVATURE of the same units when installed in straight TRACK A particular site which protects the RAILWAY or low lying areas from flooding by estuarial waters Measurements of TRACK TOP and/or ALIGNMENT at a discrete fault which are greater than the predetermined maximum value(s) The space provided between the RAIL ENDs at an EXPANSION JOINT A metal spacer inserted temporarily into the gap between the RAIL ENDs at an EXPANSION JOINT, whilst the RAILs are being positioned longitudinally, to maintain the required gap A non-insulated FISHPLATEd RAIL JOINT which is designed to accommodate longitudinal thermal expansion of the RAILs also known as ORDINARY JOINT
Equilibrium cant
Equilibrium speed
Equivalent cant
Equivalent radius
Estuarial defence
Exceedence
T T
Expansion gap Expansion iron
Expansion joint
Extended nose block
Metal nose BLOCK which is extended in front of the NOSE of an ACUTE CROSSING to provide additional rigidity. A SOLEPLATE which has an extension added, outside of the FOUR FOOT space, to support the SWITCH motor and maintain it at a specified distance from the SWITCH RAILs The surface of an ARCH which has the greater radius (See Appendix 2 Diagrams 4 & 5). Also known as ARCH BACK.. The point of intersection of a shaft with a TUNNEL. A CROSSING which is made from machined and/or forged lengths of standard RAIL SECTION multi-groove locking pinned or bolted together. (also known as Built-up crossing) The exposed edge of a masonry ARCH.
Extended soleplate
Extrados
S T
Eye (of shaft) Fabricated crossing
Face ring
RAILTRACK
23
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Facing (direction)
DEFINITION The direction of RAIL traffic over POINTS where a TRAIN meets the TOE of a SWITCH RAIL first. A CROSSING installed so that traffic normally travels from the WING RAIL FRONTs to the CROSSING HEEL A CROSSOVER in which the SWITCHes are installed in the FACING direction 1. Equipment that physically locks POINTS so that they cannot move 2. A mechanical means of physically locking POINTS so they cannot be moved, may be provided independently or incorporated in a point machine.
RT
RT
Facing crossing
RT RB K
Facing crossover Facing Point Lock
RB RT
Facing Points Facing switch
POINTS where two routes diverge A SWITCH installed where traffic travels predominantly from the SWITCH TOE towards the SWITCH HEEL The GRADIENT of a DRAIN or open watercourse A throughbolt, for bullhead CHAIRs on timber SLEEPERs, which has a spiked washer plate fitted under the bolt head to prevent rotation of the nut see RAIL FASTENING, RAIL FASTENING SYSTEM Failure, usually of a metal, caused by the repeated action of a load which would not cause failure if applied for a lesser number of times. Tapered polypropylene, nylon or timber sleeve fitted into the screw holes of CHAIRs and BASEPLATEs to accommodate variations in hole diameter and to act as a sacrificial interface between the CHAIR or BASEPLATE and the CHAIR SCREW Repairs to TRACK which may include localised LIFTING and LINING, tightening RAIL FASTENINGs, BOXING-IN and regulating BALLAST REGULATING See BACK EDGE Upper and lower fillet radius: The part of the RAIL SECTION between the FISHING SURFACES and the WEB (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) Bolt used to secure FISHPLATEs at a RAIL JOINT Drilled hole in the WEB of a RAIL to accept a FISHBOLT The angle between the FISHING SURFACES of a RAIL or FISHPLATE and the horizontal Upper and lower fishing surfaces: The parts of the RAIL cross-section that may be in contact with the matching faces of a FISHPLATE (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1). A plate used to connect together two RAILs at a RAIL JOINT Hole in a FISHPLATE to accept a FISHBOLT
S T
Fall Fangbolt
T S
Fastening Fatigue
Ferrule
Fettling
T T
Field face Fillet radius
T T T T
Fishbolt Fishbolt hole Fishing angle Fishing surfaces
T T
Fishplate Fishplate hole
24
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Fishplate insulations Fishplate lubrication Fishplated joint
DEFINITION Non-electrically conducting preformed liners for fitting to FISHPLATEs at insulated joints The application of lubricant to the FISHING SURFACES of FISHPLATEs A mechanical joint between two RAILs made by means of FISHPLATEs, FISHBOLTs and nuts or multi-groove locking pins A measure of the liability of BALLAST to break up under the effect of normal traffic loading The separation of the RUNNING SURFACE of a RAIL or a CAST CROSSING in flake-like fragments 1. The wide top and bottom strips (compression and tension FLANGE) of a beam or girder. 2. The projecting rim of a RAILWAY wheel which holds the vehicle onto the RAIL. 3. An alternative term to foot for the base of a FLATBOTTOM RAIL
T T T
Flakiness index
Flaking
Flange
K T T Flange cover
The portion of a WHEEL FLANGE which lies below the upper surface of a RUNNING RAIL, CHECK RAIL, WING RAIL or inside GUARD RAIL The space provided to permit the passage of the WHEEL FLANGE of a rail vehicle.. see also CHECK RAIL, WING RAIL
Flangeway
T T
Flangeway gap Flangeway wall
The width of the flangeway. The vertical walls of the groove between the RUNNING RAIL and the adjacent WING RAIL or CHECK RAIL or FLARE which accommodates the WHEEL FLANGE on a CAST CROSSING 1. A machined chamfer at the CROSSING HEEL end of a flat bottom WING RAIL or at the end of a flat bottom CHECK RAIL to give guidance to vehicle WHEEL FLANGEs entering the FLANGEWAY (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) 2. The forged widening of the FLANGEWAY at the HEEL end of a bull head WING RAIL or at the end of a bull head CHECK RAIL to guide vehicle WHEEL FLANGEs into the FLANGEWAY
Flare
T T T T
Flash weld Flat (in a curve) Flat angle crossing Flat crossing
Butt weld between RAIL ENDs made by a flash welding process A local easing of the radius of a curve A CROSSING having a numerically large value when expressed as 1 in N 1. The intersection of two or more routes at the same level. 2. A CROSSING which has a numerically large N angle
Flat curve
A CIRCULAR CURVE having a large radius
RAILTRACK
25
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Flatbottom
DEFINITION A RAIL SECTION in which the foot of the RAIL has a flat base (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) The general direction of a curve relative to the tangent and to some pre-selected origin The RAIL which has not been selected as the DATUM RAIL for mechanical TAMPING and LINING work FISHPLATED JOINT between two RAILs in which the bolt(s) pass through the FISHPLATEs and one RAIL only. A SWITCH and CROSSING layout which incorporates a facility for one or more diverging LINEs to be carried over the principal route to avoid conflicting movements 1. An installation that provides access, at TRACK level between the PLATFORMs of a STATION, for pedestrians 2. An installation which provides a means for pedestrians to cross a RAILWAY where a footpath crosses a RAILWAY at the same level
T T
Flexure Float rail
Fly-fished
RT
Flying junction
RT
Foot crossing
RT T
Footbridge Formation
A BRIDGE over a RAILWAY that is provided for pedestrians Material provided between the BALLAST and the SUB GRADE to either increase the stiffness to prevent over-stressing of the SUB GRADE or to reduce the stiffness if the SUB GRADE is too stiff Removal of the BOTTOM BALLAST and material immediately below the BOTTOM BALLAST, the installation of a sand or other type of BLANKET with or without a GEOTEXTILE or impervious membrane and the provision of clean BOTTOM BALLAST Preparation of, or remedial works to, the SUB GRADE The position between two converging TRACKs where vehicles on both TRACKs would just be in contact with each other (see also CLEARANCE POINT) see 4 - FOOT Second CONDUCTOR RAIL positioned on the longitudinal centre line of the TRACK of a direct current electrified RAILWAY TRACK carrying only freight traffic Abrasion of a RAIL PAD caused by differential movement between the RAIL and its supporting BASEPLATE or SLEEPER A BUFFER STOP clamped to the RAILs with additional retardation capability provided by a series of FISHPLATEs (or other devices) clamped to the RAILs, each of which progressively retards the buffer movement by means of the friction generated between the RAILs and clamps
Formation renewal
T RT
Formation work Fouling point
RT RT
Four foot Fourth rail
RT T
Freight only line Fretting
RT
Friction buffer stop
26
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Front joint
DEFINITION 1. The joint at the WING RAIL FRONT of an ACUTE CROSSING 2. The joint in the STOCK RAIL in front of the SWITCH TOEs
T S
Front stretcher bar Frost heave
The STRETCHER BAR fitted at the TOEs of a SET OF SWITCHES A vertical disturbance of a TRACK caused by the freezing of water in and the resultant expansion of the SUB GRADE A SWITCH in which the SWITCH and STOCK RAILs are produced from RAILs of the same section A signal which extends to the full height of the vertical calibrations of the cathode ray tube display of a RAIL FLAW DETECTOR A FISHPLATEd RAIL JOINT between RUNNING RAILs where the JOINT SLEEPERs are located within the length of the FISHPLATEs A metal mesh container used to hold rubble and which can be used as part of a retaining wall 1. Wear of the underside of a RAIL FOOT caused by CHAIRs or BASEPLATEs abrading the RAIL 2. Wear of the side of the foot of a FLATBOTTOM RAIL caused by the supporting BASEPLATEs abrading the RAIL 3. Wear of the WEB of a RAIL caused by loose distance BLOCKs in S & C 4. Wear of the upper surface of the foot of a FLATBOTTOM RAIL caused by the flexing of RAIL CLIPs
Full depth switch
Full screen height
Fully supported joint
Gabion
Gall
T T
T S
Gantry relaying Garland
Relaying TRACK using SINGLE LINE gantry TRACK laying machines A circular channel fixed above the EYE of a TUNNEL SHAFT and designed to intercept and carry away water running down the shaft (Also known as launder or ring dam) see TRACK GAUGE or STRUCTURE GAUGE The curved portion of the RAIL HEAD between the RUNNING SURFACE profile and the RUNNING EDGE (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) Small closely spaced cracks at the GAUGE CORNER of a RAIL and extending into the RUNNING SURFACE and/or the RUNNING EDGE The position on the RUNNING EDGE of a RAIL from which TRACK GAUGE is measured normally 15mm below the CROWN (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1). Maintenance of the designed TRACK GAUGE between the gauge faces of RUNNING RAILs
T/S T
Gauge Gauge corner
Gauge corner cracking
Gauge point
Gauge retention
RAILTRACK
27
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Gauge spread
DEFINITION An increase of TRACK GAUGE brought about by wear or deterioration of the TRACK components or because of high lateral forces A metal plate fixed to the upper surface of a timber or wooden SLEEPER against the outer edge of a CHAIR or BASEPLATE to restrict GAUGE SPREAD An adjustable metal bar which may be fixed around the feet of the RUNNING RAILs of a TRACK to restore and maintain TRACK GAUGE The designed increase of TRACK GAUGE on some curves to ease the passage of a RAIL vehicle 1. Setting RUNNING RAILs at standard TRACK GAUGE apart (plus any allowance for GAUGE WIDENING) 2. Measuring LINESIDE STRUCTUREs with reference to the TRACK and assessing their position relative to the STRUCTURE GAUGE
Gauge stop
Gauge tie bar
Gauge widening
Gauging
T/S
Geogrid
A material having a larger mesh than a GEOTEXTILE and used as a strengthening medium for soils A fine meshed material laid on a SUB GRADE to increase the stability of the surface material or to separate the naturally occurring material and the TRACK support materials Strapping together SLEEPERs to provide additional strength to a TRACK in areas of FORMATION weakness An INSULATED RAIL JOINT in which the components are resin bonded A LINE that has not been signalled to the standard required for running passenger TRAINs The rate at which a TRACK, road or footpath gains or loses height, or the FALL in a given distance of a watercourse or DRAIN A biological corrosion process which attacks cast iron when submerged in brackish water and is characterised by soft black deposits. 1. This is where a site of work is either: Safeguarded by stopping TRAINs on all LINEs or
Geotextile
Glanding
T RB
Glued insulated joint Goods Line
RT
Gradient
Graphitic corrosion
TSHB
Green Zone
Fenced from the nearest LINE remaining open to movements or Separated from the nearest LINE remaining open to movements by a distance of at least 6 feet 6 inches (or 2 metres) and you one or more SITE WARDENs have been appointed 2. A site of work for which special arrangements have been made to stop trains and safeguard persons working on the site.
28
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Ground Frame
DEFINITION A control point containing LEVERs or SWITCHes to permit the local operation of POINTS in RUNNING LINEs and SIDINGs, and where provided, the associated signals. This local operation is only possible when a release is given by the controlling SIGNAL BOX. Also includes a ground SWITCH panel two or more persons 1. Stabilisation of a FORMATION or EMBANKMENT or CUTTING slopes by the injection of cement grout 2. Filling of spaces in and around STRUCTUREs, which are designed to be in contact with the natural ground or fill material, by the injection of cement grout
RB / K
TSHB S
Group Grouting
RB RT
Guard
1. Senior conductor, Conductor, Trainman or Trainwoman 2. A person having specific safety responsibilities for TRAIN working and normally travelling with the TRAIN.
T/S
Guard rail
An additional RAIL or RAILs (or other structural element) fixed parallel to the RUNNING RAILs intended to restrain derailed vehicles Half of the length of the CHORD selected for CURVE REALIGNMENT calculations see SWITCH HALF SET A manually actuated SWITCH operating mechanism The description of an ACUTE CROSSING, in relation to the position of the SPLICE RAIL relative to the POINT RAIL, when viewed from a position in front of the NOSE looking towards the CROSSING HEEL The STOCK RAIL, left or right hand side viewed from the SWITCH TOE looking towards the SWITCH HEEL, which has the lateral set and which determines the hand of the SWITCH Direction in which curved TRACK diverges from the tangent when viewed standing back to a predetermined reference 1. POINTS worked manually by an independent LEVER adjacent to the POINTS. 2. POINTS which are worked manually by an independent LEVER
T T T T
Half chord Half Set Hand lever Hand of a crossing
Hand of a switch
Hand of curve
K RB RT
Hand Points
Handback
Transfer of responsibility for a PARTICULAR ASSET back from a third party after completion of renewal or modification work. Transfer of responsibility for a PARTICULAR ASSET to a third party prior to commencement of renewal or modification work. An indication given to the driver of a TRAIN during shunting movements or in other exceptional circumstances to authorise the movement of the TRAIN.
RT
Handover
Handsignal
RAILTRACK
29
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Hang-plank floor
DEFINITION A type of BRIDGE floor composed of large timber baulks bolted to the underside of the main girders. An in-TRACK SLEEPER which is not supported by TRACK BALLAST or other means SLEEPER produced from hardwood The part of an ARCH between the CROWN and the SPRINGING (See Appendix 2 Diagram 4) Stone, concrete, brick or soil filling on an ARCH above the HAUNCH and behind the SPANDREL.. Abbreviation for HIGH CARBON AUSTENITIC MANGANESE STEEL A BOND fitted to the OUTSIDE EDGEs of two abutting RUNNING RAILs at a joint Loss of RAIL DEPTH because of wear of the RAIL head The portion of a RAIL adjacent to the position at which the RAIL has been flame cut or welded and which is affected by the heat of the cutting and/or welding process Pearlitic RAILs subjected to a closely controlled cooling process, which results in a hard wearing RUNNING SURFACE An electrically powered SWITCH HEATER in the form of a pad which is placed between a SLIDE BASEPLATE or CHAIR and the supporting TIMBER or bearer 1. CROSSING HEEL: The end of a CROSSING VEE which is remote from the CROSSING NOSE (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) 2. SWITCH HEEL: The ends of the SWITCH RAIL and the STOCK RAIL of a HALF SET OF SWITCHES furthest from the SWITCH TOE
T T S
Hanging sleeper Hardwood sleeper Haunch
Haunching
T E/K T T
HCAMS Head bond Headwear Heat affected zone
Heat treated rail
Heater pad
T T
Heel
T T
Heel Baseplate Heel block
A fixed BASEPLATE fitted to the HEEL of a flat bottom SWITCH. A metal spacing BLOCK, secured by a bolt or multi-groove locking pin, fitted between the SWITCH RAIL and the STOCK RAIL of a SWITCH HALF SET, at the SWITCH HEEL, to maintain the two RAILs in the correct relationship and to maintain the correct SWITCH geometry 1. The RAIL JOINT at the HEEL of a HALF SET OF SWITCHES 2. The RAIL JOINT at the back of an ACUTE CROSSING
T T T
Heel joint
Heel of planing
The end of the SWITCH PLANING at a specified distance from the SWITCH TOE at which point the SWITCH RAIL is of full section and the SWITCH RADIUS tangents with the PLANING RADIUS The point at which a TRANSITION CURVE attains minimum radius
Heel of transition
30
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT High carbon austenitic manganese steel High grade steel
DEFINITION A manganese steel used for the manufacture of RAILs and which cannot be aluminothermically welded (abbreviated to HCAMS) RAIL STEELs of enhanced wear resistance and which require special procedures for cutting and welding. Outer RUNNING RAIL of a curved portion of a TRACK, irrespective of the relative heights of the two RAILs A position along an otherwise level length of TRACK or TRACK on a constant GRADIENT where the RUNNING SURFACE of a RAIL or RAILs is above the general TRACK level or GRADIENT An organisation responsible for the maintenance of the highways used by the public, and the provision of road signs in an area. (Note: Railtrack can be the Highway Authority for a private road giving access to a STATION.
High rail
High spot
RT
Highway authority
Hogging
Vertical upward displacement at the mid point of a free standing RAIL, relative to the RAIL ENDs, as a result of stresses locked in during the straightening process at the manufacturers A bolt which extends through the supporting timber for holding down the extended POINT RAIL at the NOSE of some designs of ACUTE and OBTUSE CROSSINGs SIDING used for the stabling of locomotives or TRACTION UNITs Brickwork which has voids caused by mortar being leached out or missing, or where manufacturing voids exist within the bricks causing a hollow sound when struck with a hammer. A SPANDREL where the HAUNCHING is replaced by stiffening ribs with arched or slab tops carrying the live load. The first STOP SIGNAL on the APPROACH TO a SIGNAL BOX using the ABSOLUTE BLOCK system of signalling A curve in the TRACK used to join two ALIGNMENTs in plan A RAIL DEFECT forming a plane approximately parallel to the RUNNING SURFACE Sensor mounted on the outside of the RAILs of a TRACK to detect the increased radiated heat emitted by a defective axle box, BEARING or journal Special TRACK patrols undertaken during periods of high RAIL temperatures to examine the TRACK for BUCKLEs 1. Part of a RAIL FASTENING SYSTEM cast or glued into CONCRETE SLEEPERs or bearers 2. Part of a RAIL FASTENING SYSTEM which forms an integral part of a BASEPLATE
Holding down bolt
RT S
Holding siding Hollow brickwork
Hollow spandrel
RB
Home Signal
T T M
Horizontal curve Horizontal defect Hot axle box detector
Hot weather patrolling
Housing
RAILTRACK
31
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Hunting
DEFINITION Rapid lateral oscillations of a wheelset or vehicle bogie because of incompatible wheel and/or RAIL HEAD profiles A device which whilst allowing the traction return current to flow freely so impedes the signalling TRACK CIRCUIT current as to isolate two TRACK CIRCUITs from each other on an electrified RAILWAY On the far side of a specified location when looking in the normal direction of traffic (also known as BEYOND) On the near side of a specified location when looking in the normal direction of traffic (also known as APPROACH TO) A design of SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS in which the vertical axis of each RAIL is inclined towards the centre line of the TRACK at 1 in 20 Rail whose vertical axis is inclined at 1 in 20 towards the centre line of the TRACK see also RAIL INCLINATION
RT
E/K
Impedance bond
RT
In advance of
RT
In rear of
Inclined design switches and crossings Inclined rail
Indentation
The erosion of the upper surface of a SLEEPER, TIMBER or bearer caused by CHAIR or BASEPLATE shuffle or by the lateral movement of the RAIL where there is no intermediate support Any fixed assets or features of the OPERATIONAL RAILWAY which fall within the disciplines of civil engineering, signalling, telecommunications or electric traction power supply. see also RAILTRACK CONTROLLED INFRASTRUCTURE
RT
Infrastructure
Inset switch
A SWITCH in which the STOCK RAILs are machine planed to accommodate the vertical inside faces of the SWITCH RAILs A cast or fabricated metal support for BULLHEAD RAIL in which the KEYs are fitted on the gauge side of the RAIL WEB A slip DIAMOND CROSSING where the SLIP SWITCH TOEs are between the ACUTE CROSSINGs A specified number of SLEEPERs removed from a TRACK at predetermined intervals to enable the condition of the SLEEPERs, especially the underside, to be examined The mean temperature of RAIL(s) at the time of FASTENING down
Inside keyed chair
Inside slip
Inspection sleepers
Installation temperature Insulated fishplate Insulated rail joint
T T
A FISHPLATE which is fitted with an insulating material for use at an insulated joint A RAIL JOINT in which one RAIL is electrically insulated from an abutting RAIL. (also known as Insulated Block Joint or BLOCK JOINT) Abbreviation: to IRJ
32
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Intercepting drain
DEFINITION A watercourse or DRAIN laid at the top of a CUTTING slope to intercept surface water which would otherwise flow down the slope A device incorporated into a piped watercourse or pipe DRAIN to separate out immiscible liquids or material in suspension in the water Additional SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or Bearers installed between the existing SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or Bearers of a TRACK A TRACK into which a second TRACK is incorporated to permit two way working within a restricted width without the need to install SWITCHes. A general term applied to equipment which controls the setting and releasing of signals and POINTS to prevent an unsafe condition of the signalling system arising during the passage of TRAINs A signal controlling the exit from an INTERMEDIATE BLOCK SECTION
Interceptor
Interlaced sleepers, timbers or bearers Interlaced track
RT
RB
Interlocking
RB
Intermediate Block Home Signal Intermediate Block Section
RB
A TRACK CIRCUITed section of the LINE between the SECTION SIGNAL and the INTERMEDIATE BLOCK HOME SIGNAL, both of which are operated by the same SIGNAL BOX using the ABSOLUTE BLOCK system SIDEWEAR which originates from discrete TRACK ALIGNMENT faults which may be at random intervals along a TRACK The location of a defect detectable only by ultrasonic testing or after complete fracture A BRIDGE carrying one RAILWAY LINE over another RAILWAY LINE The position in front of the NOSE of an ACUTE CROSSING at which the projected gauge lines would intersect The space between two adjacent TRACKs The inside surface of an ARCH with the smaller radius (also known as ARCH FACE) (see Appendix 2 Diagrams 4 & 5).. The floor or lowest part of a CULVERT DRAIN channel or TUNNEL providing either a smooth surface for water flow or additional support to the ABUTMENTs. The term is also used for inclined open channels carrying water down a CUTTING slop (see Appendix 2 Diagram 4)e. 1. The level of the bottom of a watercourse or pipe DRAIN 2. The level of the lowest point of the upper surface of an inverted ARCH constructed between the walls of STRUCTUREs below TRACK level to provide additional support to the TRACK and/or STRUCTURE
Intermittent sidewear
T RT T
Internal rail flaw Intersection bridge Intersection point
RT S
Interval Intrados
Invert
RT S
Invert level
S T RAILTRACK
Inverted siphon IRJ
see SIPHON Abbreviation for INSULATED RAIL JOINT 33
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Iron and steelwork (only) layout
DEFINITION A layout of SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS built up by the manufacturer on his premises and comprising all RAILs, CHAIRs or BASEPLATEs, BLOCKs, bolts, FISHPLATEs, STRETCHER BARs and SOLEPLATEs but excluding TIMBERs A PLATFORM with TRACKs on both sides An integral upstand on a bullhead CHAIR or flatbottom BASEPLATE which restrains the RAIL laterally and to which the RAIL may be secured by a bolted FASTENING A cast metal distance BLOCK that is designed to fit between the JAW of a SLIDE CHAIR or BASEPLATE and the outer face of the WEB of a SWITCH STOCK RAIL of a FULL DEPTH SWITCH HALF SET A STOCK RAIL in which there is a reversed set to accommodate the SWITCH TOE see RAIL JOINT The restoration of the correct RAIL LEVELs at a low RAIL JOINT A SLEEPER immediately adjacent to a RAIL JOINT A method of TRACK construction which includes standard RAILs joined together by FISHPLATEs and bolts. A layout of SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS at the intersection of TRACKs A FISHPLATE used to connect together RAILs of different section at a RAIL JOINT A signal that controls more than one running route and can display an indication of route An attachment in the FOUR FOOT to and between keel board CONCRETE SLEEPERs and which is embedded in the BALLAST as a means of increasing the lateral stability of a TRACK see CURB 1. A FASTENING for BULLHEAD RAILs which holds the RAILs and is retained in place by a wedge action between RAIL and supporting CHAIR JAW 2. A FASTENING for BULLHEAD RAILs which holds the RAIL and is retained in place by virtue of its shape when fitted into the space between the RAIL and the CHAIR JAW
RT T
Island platform Jaw
Jaw block
T T T T T
Joggled stock rail Joint Joint packing Joint sleeper Jointed track
RT T RB
Junction Junction fishplate Junction Signal
Keel board
S T
Kerb Key
T T
Keying-up Kicking strap
Fitting and driving KEYs to bullhead TRACK A lateral extension of the FRONT STRETCHER BAR which passes under the STOCK RAILs of a SET OF SWITCHES or the WING RAIL of a SWITCH DIAMOND to restrict upward movement of the SWITCH TOEs
34
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Kinematic envelope
DEFINITION The cross-sectional profile of a vehicle enlarged to include the effects of dynamic sway and vertical movement caused by speed (dynamic effects of) TRACK CURVATURE and CANT, TRACK position tolerances, RAIL wear, RAIL HEAD/WHEEL FLANGE clearances, vehicle wear and suspension performance for the particular TRACK location under consideration The TURNOUT forming the first division of a TRACK into a fan of SIDINGs. The bend made in an OBTUSE WING RAIL centrally about the intersection of gauge lines of the POINT RAILs (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) (also known as Elbow) A series of SWITCH and CROSSING units laid in succession across a number of running TRACKs to provide facilities for TRAINs to pass from one TRACK to another A situation which occurs when land which has accommodation rights across a RAILWAY is acquired by different owners and the accommodation rights are thereby extinguished. The movement of an unstable mass of soil or rock A flap or fin of metal folded over and rolled into the surface of a RAIL during manufacture Using a laser guided bulldozer to grade the bottom of an excavation or to level the BALLAST BED of a TRACK The ability of a TRACK to withstand lateral distortion An L-shaped metal plate, one end of which is attached to a SLEEPER or TIMBER and the other leg embedded in the BALLAST SHOULDER to increase the lateral stability of a TRACK Lengths of wood of small cross sectional area which placed along the ends of the TIMBERs or Bearers of a pre-assembled SWITCH and CROSSING layout and marked with the centrelines and numbers of the TIMBERs or Bearers, to facilitate the reassembly of the layout on site see GARLAND Installation of TRACK upon a prepared TRACK BED Abbreviation of LOW CARBON AUSTENITIC MANGANESE STEEL see TURNOUT
RT
T T
King Point Knuckle
Ladder
Land severance
S T
Landslip Lap
Laser dozing
T T
Lateral resistance Lateral resistance end plate
Laths
S T T T
Launder Laying-in LCAMS Lead
RAILTRACK
35
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Lead length
DEFINITION 1. The distance between the SWITCH TOE and the intersection of the gauge lines of the ACUTE CROSSING of a TURNOUT 2. The distance between the intersection of gauge lines of ACUTE CROSSINGs in adjacent TRACKs 3. The distance between the intersection of gauge lines of an ACUTE CROSSING and the OBTUSE CROSSING in a diamond 4. The distance between the SWITCH TOE and the NOSE of the ACUTE CROSSING of a TURNOUT
T T
Left hand parallel wing Left hand splice
see PARALLEL WING left [right] (hand side) An acute FABRICATED CROSSING which has the SPLICE RAIL of the vee on the left of the POINT RAIL A TURNOUT in which the STOCK RAIL set is on the left hand side when viewed from the SWITCH TOE looking towards the CROSSING The ends of the four RUNNING RAILs of a FABRICATED CROSSING or the equivalent for a CAST CROSSING Any manned, automatic or OPEN CROSSING shown in Table A of the Sectional Appendix (See also CROSSING, ACCOMMODATION CROSSING, AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING, OPEN CROSSING)
Left hand turnout
Leg ends
RB
Level Crossing
RT
RB
Lever
Push button, SWITCH or other controlling device for operating signalling or LEVEL CROSSING equipment A FISHPLATE used to connect together RAILs of the same section but of different depths at a RAIL JOINT Adjustments to the vertical profile of the TRACK either to correct irregularities or to implement a new longitudinal profile see TRACK The maximum speed at which traffic is allowed to run on a LINE. sometimes referred to as ABSOLUTE POSSESSION this means that arrangements have been made to suspend the normal passage of TRAINs this enables the movements of ENGINEERS TRAINs (normally in either direction) where required in connection with the work taking place the limits of the POSSESSION are normally indicated by red banner flags or boards or red lights, and by DETONATORs
Lift fishplate
Lifting
T RT TSHB
Line Line speed Line under Possession
36
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Lined arch Lineside Lineside fencing
DEFINITION see CLAD ARCH see ON THE LINESIDE The RAILWAY operational boundary fence or hedge and any gates forming part of the operational boundary 1. Adjustments to the ALIGNMENT of TRACK to either correct irregularities or to implement a new ALIGNMENT 2. Sheeting or other material (e.g. sprayed concrete) fixed to the SOFFIT of an arch or a TUNNEL in order to deflect water ingress or to affect repairs to the arch / TUNNEL face.
S RT RT
Lining
Lipping
1. Lateral plastic DEFORMATION of a RAIL HEAD 2. Longitudinal plastic DEFORMATION of a RAIL HEAD at a joint
S RT
Llantarnam type bridge Load gauge
see W.R. BOX GIRDER BRIDGE The space within the STRUCTURE GAUGE which constrains the maximum size of vehicles and the loads which may be carried on a TRACK A PLATFORM used solely for the loading and/or unloading of livestock and goods Portable appliances for establishing an electrical connection between isolated OVERHEAD LINE EQUIPMENT and the RUNNING RAIL traction current return circuit Where authorised, includes a person who is a Supervisor and has been passed as competent in the appropriate Rules and regulations CORRUGATIONs with a wavelength greater than 500mm
RT E
Loading dock Local earth
RB
Local Manager
Long wavelength corrugations Long welded rail
A RAIL up to a maximum length between FISHPLATED JOINTs of 36m produced by welding together two or more RAILs The area on a CAST CROSSING where the cross section changes from that of an ordinary RAIL to a box TRACK levels and profiles along the TRACK Drawing showing TRACK levels, GRADIENTs, VERTICAL CURVEs, drainage and relevant STRUCTURE and PLATFORM levels with appropriate Ordnance Survey and additional temporary bench marks referenced to the O.S.Datum at Newlyn. A TIMBER BEARer parallel to and supporting a RUNNING RAIL
Longitudinal change of section Longitudinal levels Longitudinal section
T T/S
Longitudinal timber
RAILTRACK
37
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Lookout
DEFINITION appointed, when required, by the PICOW responsible for giving warning when a TRAIN approaches responsible, when acting as a SITE LOOKOUT, for ensuring everyone moves to the POSITION OF SAFETY previously specified by the PICOW
TSHB
Loose sleeper relaying
Replacement of the SLEEPERs (without the use of temporary RAILs) and some or all of the TRACK BALLAST and the installation of the existing or replacement RAILs The reduction in the clamping force exerted on a FLATBOTTOM RAIL FOOT by a RAIL CLIP because of wear in the RAIL FASTENING SYSTEM A manganese RAIL STEEL which may be welded to itself using the alumino-thermic welding process. Abbreviation: LCAMS
Loss of toe load
Low carbon austenitic manganese steel
Low rail
Inner RUNNING RAIL of a curved portion of a TRACK, irrespective of the relative heights of the two RAILs A non-destructive method of inspecting metals for surface breaking cracks
Magnetic particle inspection Main Aspect Main line(s) Major repairs
RB RT S
The red, yellow, double yellow, flashing yellow or green ASPECT of a colour light signal Principal TRACK(s) of a RAILWAY Extensive structural repairs or building works, etc., necessary to restore a part of the INFRASTRUCTURE to a condition fit for the purpose intended Includes any of the following LEVEL CROSSINGs: Operated locally by a signalman or CROSSING keeper (MCB or LC) Remotely controlled (RC) Closed circuit television (CCTV) TRAINCREW operated (TMO)
RB
Manned level crossing
RT
Manually controlled barrier Marshalling yard Maximum permissible speed Mechanical points
A manually controlled moveable BARRIER, in one or two parts that usually extend across the full width of the highway at a LEVEL CROSSING A number of SIDINGs at one location used for the sorting of vehicles into TRAINs see PERMISSIBLE SPEED
RT RT
RB
POINTS which are mechanically operated without any form of power operation
38
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Miniature Red/Green Lights Miniature Warning Lights
DEFINITION An alternative term for MINIATURE WARNING LIGHTS Abbreviated to R/G
An AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING equipped with miniature red/green warning lights operated by approaching trains. Abbreviated to MWL
RT
Minimum actions
Those actions which must be carried out to safeguard the passage of TRAINs and minimise the effect of catastrophic failure The shallowest depth of clean BALLAST that is to be provided below the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers at the time of relaying The minimum distance specified between the gauge face of a STOCK RAIL and the BACK EDGE of the adjacent, open, SWITCH RAIL The smallest overall depth of a given RAIL SECTION, measured outside of any RAIL GALL, permitted in a TRACK The lowest RAIL temperature recorded during the FASTENING down of unstressed CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL Abbreviation: MRT
Minimum ballast depth
Minimum flangeway
Minimum rail depth
Minimum rail temperature
Minor repairs
Limited structural or superficial repairs, necessary to maintain a part of the INFRASTRUCTURE in a condition fit for the purpose intended DEFORMATION or displacement of a RAIL or TRACK from its designed ALIGNMENT The part of a SWITCH blade that moves when the direction of the SWITCH is changed (see Appendix 2 Diagram 2) A BRIDGE that has suffered three or more bridge strikes within any 12 month period RAILWAY having more than two TRACKs Abbreviation for MINIATURE WARNING LIGHTS (mathematical expression) cot/2 where = angle of a CROSSING in degrees An ACUTE CROSSING whose angle, when formed into a TURNOUT with SWITCHes of a specific description, permits the use of a TURNOUT curve equal from the SWITCH HEEL to the intersection of the gauge lines of the ACUTE CROSSING and which has a radius equal to the SWITCH RADIUS The particular case of a TURNOUT in which the tangents to the ACUTE CROSSING and the SWITCH HEEL produce a TURNOUT curve radius equal to the radius of the SWITCH curve
T T
Misalignment Moveable Length
S RT K T T
Multi-strike bridge Multiple track MWL N Natural crossing
Natural turnout
RAILTRACK
39
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Negative cant
DEFINITION CANT is negative when the inner RAIL of a curved TRACK is raised above the level of the outer RAIL Rail which has not previously carried RAILWAY vehicles and is, hence, of unworn dimensions SLEEPERs which have not previously carried RAILWAY vehicles A short, squat column of brickwork or masonry provided to finish and strengthen the lower end of an inclined retaining wall or WING WALL (see Appendix 2 Diagram 5). A LINE on which there is no monitoring of the condition of the BLOCK SECTION by the Signalman 1. S & C: The position of POINTS or SWITCHes, by convention set for the use or PROTECTION of the most used route. 2. Signals: The most restrictive ASPECT of a controlled signal, or the ASPECT of an automatic signal which will be displayed when no TRAINs are present and no routes are set.
New rail
T S
New sleeper Newel
RB
No Block Line
Normal
Normal grade group
RAIL STEELs of specified metallurgical properties which do not require special procedures for their cutting, drilling and welding Pearlitic steel RAIL having a nominal hardness of 220 HB (Brinell Hardness) at the CROWN. The machined end of an ACUTE CROSSING or OBTUSE POINT RAIL (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) The distance from the CROSSING NOSE to the intersection of gauge lines and which is equal to the width of the CROSSING NOSE multiplied by the angle of the CROSSING in N units The originating point of an internal FATIGUE defect An assembly to permit the passage of WHEEL FLANGEs where two RAILs intersect at an obtuse angle (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3). A RAIL, which has one end machined to form a NOSE, which is part of an OBTUSE CROSSING (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3). A length of RAIL which has been bent to the angle of an OBTUSE CROSSING and which is fastened to the POINT RAILs and the CHECK RAIL of the OBTUSE CROSSING (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3). An BRIDGE constructed where a private road or footpath crosses a RAILWAY A LEVEL CROSSING installed where a private road or footpath crosses a RAILWAY at the same level A track section having any part of a train upon it. RAILTRACK
Normal grade rail
Nose
Nose to intersection point dimension
T T
Nucleus Obtuse crossing
Obtuse point rail
Obtuse wing rail
RT RT
Occupation bridge Occupation crossing
K 40
Occupied

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Off-track work Off-tracking equipment OLE On line reports
DEFINITION Work within the boundary fences of a RAILWAY but which is not ON-TRACK WORK Equipment for transferring ON-TRACK PLANT from a TRACK to a position at the LINESIDE or vice versa. Abbreviation of OVERHEAD LINE EQUIPMENT Output from the recording equipment on board a TRACK recording vehicle produced for distribution during the course of the recording run Normal meaning: on the LINE or within 10 feet (or 3 metres) of the nearest RAIL Where there is a STRUCTURE or permanent fence within 10 feet (or 3 metres) of the nearest RAIL: on the LINE or within the space between that STRUCTURE or permanent fence and the nearest RAIL When on a PLATFORM: on that part of the PLATFORM within 4 feet (or 1.25 metres) from the PLATFORM edge and then only when an engineering or technical activity takes place within that distance
RT RT
RB T
TSHB
On or near the line
TSHB
On the lineside
Within the area between the boundary fence and the point defined as ON OR NEAR THE LINE and where a person would be in view of the Driver of an approaching TRAIN EXCEPTION: This does not apply on PLATFORMs
RT
On-Track Machine
Any RAIL mounted machine meeting the requirements of Railway Group Standard GM/RT2400 and permitted by the Rule Book to be moved, either self-propelled or in TRAIN formation, outside a POSSESSION Machines which run on RAILWAY wheels when working Work within the limits of the outer edges of the BALLAST SHOULDERs of a TRACK or a number of TRACKs Method of signalling on a SINGLE LINE, with or without a TRAIN staff, where only one TRAIN at a time is permitted A HAND LEVER which closes SWITCHes in one direction only, reversal of the SWITCHes being accomplished by vehicles making a TRAILING movement through the SWITCH see OPEN LEVEL CROSSING In brickwork: Locations where the mortar between bricks or masonry has been eroded or washed away.
RT RT
On-track plant On-track work
RB
One train working
One way lever
Open crossing S Open joints
RAILTRACK
41
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Open level crossing
DEFINITION 1. An unmanned LEVEL CROSSING without BARRIERs or road traffic warning lights and equipped only with signs 2. A LEVEL CROSSING without gates or BARRIERs and protected only by road signs (see also CROSSING, LEVEL CROSSING, ACCOMMODATION CROSSING, AUTOMATIC LEVEL CROSSING) Also known as OPEN CROSSING
RB
Open switch
A SWITCH in which a SWITCH RAIL is not closed up to its STOCK RAIL for the intended movement The removal of BALLAST from between SLEEPERs and from the BALLAST SHOULDERs of a TRACK to, usually, the level of the underside of the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers The area of land between defined boundaries utilised for the purpose of operating a RAILWAY The general term applied to Railtrack Zonal Control offices The description of two or more abutting curves which turn in opposite directions (also known as Contra-Flexure) see EXPANSION JOINT A load on a vehicle or the vehicle itself which protrudes beyond the loading gauge of the intended route The end where a watercourse or DRAIN discharges see BACK EDGE Any organisation other than Railtrack including public utilities and statutory authorities Slip DIAMOND CROSSING where the SLIP SWITCH TOEs are outside the ACUTE CROSSINGs A BRIDGE that spans a RAILWAY The equipment suspended over the RAILWAY LINE for supplying electricity to electric TRAINs, and includes the overhead wires, insulators and any associated equipment Abbreviation: OLE
Opening out
RT
Operational railway
RB T
Operations Control Opposite flexure
T RT
Ordinary joint Out of gauge load
S T RT T
Outfall Outside edge Outside Party Outside slip
RT RB
Overbridge Overhead line equipment
RB
Overlap
A section of LINE BEYOND a STOP SIGNAL which must be kept unOCCUPIED before the signal next in rear can display a proceed ASPECT A SWITCH in which the SWITCH RAIL FOOT overlaps the unmachined foot of the STOCK RAIL The MISALIGNMENT of a CIRCULAR CURVE or a TRANSITION CURVE at its junction with straight TRACK such that the curve has to reverse to meet the tangent correctly
Overriding switch
Overshot curve
42
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Packing
DEFINITION Filling of voids under SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers by new or additional BALLAST and/or CHIPPINGS by manual means Those areas of a SLEEPER, TIMBER or bearer under which the BALLAST is packed to support the TRACK A length of RAIL connected to the HEEL end of a PARALLEL WING RAIL having a FLANGEWAY FLARE at the non-connecting end and which functions as a wheel guidance RAIL A left [right] hand PARALLEL WING RAIL is an extended WING RAIL on the left [right] side of a CROSSING VEE. (LHPW [RHPW] is used as a suffix to the description of an ACUTE CROSSING) A WING RAIL for an ACUTE CROSSING which is not provided with a FLANGEWAY FLARE but has the full RAIL SECTION carried parallel to the adjacent CROSSING VEE RAIL and drilled for connection to a PARALLEL WING EXTENSION RAIL An ACUTE CROSSING with an electro-slag welded vee or a CAST VEE to which the WING RAILs are attached by means of multi-groove locking pins or bolts (also known as part-welded or SEMI-WELDED CROSSING) See PART FABRICATED CROSSING That part of the INFRASTRUCTURE to be renewed or modified, including any temporary works. The calculated dimension between the widest part of the widest rolling stock operating on a RAILWAY taking into account END THROW and CENTRE THROW, between two such vehicles passing on adjacent TRACKs. TRACK onto which traffic may be diverted or held to permit other traffic to pass The replacement of a predetermined number of SLEEPERs of a TRACK as a Renewal of Way item The VISUAL INSPECTION of TRACK and the general condition of other parts of the INFRASTRUCTURE on a regular basis in order to locate and report changes in condition, to identify defects requiring repair and to undertake minor repairs A type of lockout system that allows a patrolman, with the permission of the signalman, to prevent the signalled movement of traffic in one direction only on a BI-DIRECTIONAL LINE. A large metal plate used to spread the loading of a bolt or tie bar passing through brickwork or masonry. A TRACK support system which utilises a paved concrete slab with cast-in RAIL FASTENING HOUSINGs instead of cross SLEEPERs on BALLAST Steel composed of alternate plates of ferrite and cementite
Packing area
Parallel wing extension rail
Parallel wing left [right] (hand side)
Parallel wing rail
Part fabricated crossing
T RT
Part welded crossing Particular Asset
RT
Passing clearance
RT T
Passing loop Patch resleepering
Patrolling
Patrolmans Lockout Device
Pattress plate
Paved concrete track
Pearlitic steel
RAILTRACK
43
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Pedestal bearing
DEFINITION A raised metal fabrication used to support a girder clear of its support and provide access for painting, etc. 1. A reduction in the speed of TRAINs applied over a length of LINE because of conditions inappropriate to TRAINs running at LINE SPEED. 2. The normal speed restriction for the operation of TRAINs over a section of LINE. Abbreviation: PSR
RT
Permanent speed restriction
Permanent way
The RAILs, RAIL supports, SLEEPERs (including BEARERS and LONGITUDINAL TIMBERs), RAIL FASTENINGs, BALLAST and FORMATION which together make up the guidance and support system for RAIL vehicles (also known as P. Way or Per. Way) 1. The maximum permitted speed as shown in the Sectional Appendix or Local Trainspeed Reminder Charts 2. The highest speed which may be permitted on a curve with associated transitions when radius, CANT, CANT DEFICIENCY, CANT GRADIENT and rates of change of CANT and CANT DEFICIENCY have all been taken into consideration 3. A speed, less than the LINE SPEED limit, at which traffic is permitted to run for site specific reasons (Also known as Maximum permissible speed)
RB
Permissible speed
RT
RT
TSHB
Person in charge of the Possession (PICOP)
the PICOP is responsible for: agreeing the arrangements with the signalman for taking and giving up the POSSESSION arranging the POSSESSION authorising ENGINEERS TRAINs to enter or move within the POSSESSION, but NOT those entering or moving within a WORK SITE
TSHB
Person In Charge of Work (PICOW)
appointed whenever work is to be done ON OR NEAR THE LINE responsible for arranging a safe system of work so that no one for whom he is responsible is endangered by TRAINs Signalman, signalwoman, signaller, signal person, signal operative
RB
Person operating signalling equipment PICOP PICOW Piecemeal layout
TSHB TSHB T
Abbreviation for PERSON IN CHARGE OF THE POSSESSION Abbreviation for PERSON IN CHARGE OF WORK A layout of SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS for which only the SWITCH HALF SETs and the CROSSINGs have been pre-assembled, all other materials being supplied loose for cutting and drilling on site
44
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Piecemeal relaying
DEFINITION Relaying TRACK which has not been pre-assembled or only partly pre-assembled (i.e. CROSSINGs) A person who has been appointed to manage the passage of TRAINs over a SINGLE LINE during a failure of equipment, or repairs or due to an obstruction A normally internal defect which can be in one or more of the head, WEB or foot of a RAIL, resulting from the shrinkage cavity from the original steel ingot A layer of large stone laid on top of the SUB GRADE at the time of construction of a RAILWAY TRACK without SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS Replacement of SWITCHes and/or CROSSINGs by PLAIN LINE A RAIL, with or without FISHBOLT or BOND attachment holes, which has not otherwise been bent or machined. The length measured along the SWITCH RAIL from the SWITCH RAIL TOE to the end of the head planing at which point the normal offset to the STOCK RAIL is 70mm with the SWITCH RAIL in the closed position The radius of the head planing over the PLANING LENGTH 1. RAILs installed temporarily into a TRACK in readiness for the removal of the TRACK in panels 2. The RAILs used to build up TRACK PANELs for laying into a TRACK and which may carry normal service traffic at reduced speed (also known as Service rails)
RB
Pilotman
Piping
Pitching
RT RT T
Plain line Plain lining Plain rail
Planing length
T T
Planing radius Plant rails
Platform
The raised STRUCTURE within a STATION or depot providing access to or from a TRAIN Vitreous brick, concrete or masonry slab at the edge of the PLATFORM adjacent to RAILWAY Moveable or semi-permanent equipment or apparatus placed upon a PLATFORM for the use of passengers An implement for setting or checking clearances between PLATFORMs and adjacent TRACK(s) The vertical dimension measured from the plane of the RUNNING SURFACEs of the RAILs to the surface of a PLATFORM The distance between the tops of the PLATFORM end ramps TRACK at a STATION which has a PLATFORM face provided at one or both sides
Platform coping
Platform furniture
T/S
Platform gauge
Platform height
S RT
Platform length Platform line
RAILTRACK
45
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Platform nosing Platform ramp Plugging Pneumatic ballast injection machine
DEFINITION The edge of a PLATFORM COPING alongside a RAILWAY The sloping end of a PLATFORM reaching from PLATFORM level to ground level Sealing redundant screw holes in SLEEPERs or TIMBERs by fitting timber plugs An ON-TRACK MACHINE with an automatic levelling system which lifts TRACK and injects measured amounts of small stone under SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers to restore both the longitudinal and CROSS LEVELs of a TRACK also known as Stoneblower
S S T T
Pocketed formation
A FORMATION which has become depressed under the PACKING AREAs of the SLEEPERs or BEARers 1. A length of RAIL with a machined end forming the NOSE of an ACUTE CROSSING and into which the SPLICE RAIL NOSE is housed (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3). 2. A length of RAIL with a machined end to permit the passage of WHEEL FLANGEs in an OBTUSE CROSSING (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3).
Point rail
T T
Point rail nose Point rail set
The machined end of an obtuse or ACUTE CROSSING POINT RAIL The lateral angle through which the NOSE end of an ACUTE CROSSING POINT RAIL is bent prior to the machining of the RAIL A combined OBTUSE POINT RAIL and ACUTE CROSSING WING RAIL used in sharp angled DIAMOND CROSSINGs The items of PERMANENT WAY which may be aligned to one of two positions, NORMAL or REVERSE, according to the direction of TRAIN movement required. Note: this is a non-civil engineering term for SWITCHes.
Point wing rail
Points
RB
Points run through
A movement which runs through a TRAILING set of POINTS which are not set in the correct position for the movement A portable permanent magnet fitted to the TRACK at the warning board location for a TEMPORARY SPEED RESTRICTION A place allowing a clearance of at least 6 feet 6 inches (or 2 metres) between a person (including anything being carried or worn) and the nearest RAIL of any LINE on which a TRAIN is approaching EXCEPTION: this distance may be reduced to 4 feet (1.25 metres) where PERMISSIBLE SPEED is 100 m.p.h. or less
RT
Portable automatic warning system magnet Position of safety
TSHB
Positive cant
CANT is positive when the outer RAIL of a curved TRACK is raised above the level of the inner RAIL
46
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Possession
DEFINITION A LINE is described as being under POSSESSION (or sometimes called an absolute [or ENGINEERS] POSSESSION) when arrangements have been carried out to block the LINE(s) completely to the normal passage of TRAINs. The only TRAINs permitted to enter a POSSESSION are ENGINEERS TRAINs, where required in connection with the work taking place. The Limits of the POSSESSION are normally indicated by three DETONATORs placed 20 metres (or 20 yards) apart on the same RAIL, and a red banner flag or board during daylight, or a red light during darkness fog or falling snow
RB
T RB T
Pot sleeper Power operated points Prefabricated relaying
A reinforced concrete block which supports one CHAIR or BASEPLATE of a TRACK POINTS which are operated by means other than mechanically The removal of panels of old TRACK and the installation of pre-assembled panels of replacement TRACK Renewal of TRACK which is not life-expired, usually carried out for commercial reasons
Premature renewal of track Pressure pipeline Private siding Profile grinding
S RT T
A pipeline containing a liquid or gas at a pressure greater than 1 bar SIDING or access TRACK for RAIL vehicles on private premises The removal of the portions of the riser on the head of an ALUMINO-THERMIC WELD, which remain after the bulk of the riser has been removed by a WELD SHEAR, by means of a portable grinding machine which uses the welded RAILs as the datum Means of ensuring that a LINE is protected and which includes signals maintained at danger, placing DETONATORs on the LINE, use of a TRACK CIRCUIT OPERATING CLIP and displaying a hand danger signal Abbreviation for PERMANENT SPEED RESTRICTION The force applied to a RAIL in order to extend it by a predetermined length. The location at which the RAIL is to be cut, tension applied and extension calculated. The forcing of fine material upwards through TRACK BALLAST caused by the vertical movement of the TRACK supports especially in wet conditions 1. Abbreviation for PERMANENT WAY 2. As suffix to a CROSSING CHAIR / BASEPLATE description: abbreviation for PARALLEL WING
RB
Protection (of the line)
RT T T T
PSR Pull force Pulling point Pumping
PW
K T RAILTRACK
R/G Rail
Abbreviation for miniature red/green lights A special rolled or cast steel section used to support and guide vehicles on a RAILWAY. 47
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Rail adjusting Rail anchor
DEFINITION The correction of EXPANSION GAPs and/or the squaring of RAIL JOINTs A shaped metal fitting capable of gripping across the width of the RAIL FOOT and which bears against the vertical face of a SLEEPER or CHAIR to increase resistance to longitudinal RAIL CREEP A small girder located directly beneath a RAIL and spanning between CROSS GIRDERs. (See Appendix 2 Diagram 6). Metal FASTENING device for securing flat bottom RAILs to either a BASEPLATE or a SLEEPER Longitudinal movement of a RAIL induced by traffic load, thermal effects, CORRUGATIONs, the effects of TRACK GRADIENT or TRAIN handling 1. Any crack or damage in a RAIL 2. A non-conformity in the RAIL STEEL which may result from either a fault in manufacture, wheel / RAIL contact stresses or damage from external sources see also known as Rail flaw
T T
Rail bearer
Rail clip
Rail creep
T T
Rail defect
Rail depth
The dimension of a RAIL measured from the top of the RAIL to the underside of the RAIL FOOT The length of RAIL from the cut end to 600mm from the cut end Equipment for the in-situ straightening of RAIL in a vertical plane A broken, cracked or DEFECTIVE RAIL requiring removal from the TRACK Any device used to secure RAILs into CHAIRs, BASEPLATEs or directly to the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers The components which form the means whereby RAILs may be connected to SLEEPERs or any other support system Any crack or damage in a RAIL. see also RAIL DEFECT
T T T T
Rail end Rail end straightener Rail failure Rail fastening
Rail fastening system
Rail flaw
T T T
Rail flaw detector Rail foot Rail foot insulator
Ultrasonic apparatus for the non-destructive testing of RAILs The part of a RAIL below the WEB (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) A pre-formed insulating medium fitted between the RAIL CLIP, the RAIL FOOT and the cast-in HOUSINGs of CONCRETE SLEEPERs and bearers to prevent leakage of the TRACK CIRCUIT current Wear of the vertical gauge retaining face of a BASEPLATE caused by the vertical movement of the supported FLATBOTTOM RAIL abrading the BASEPLATE Powered grinding equipment for profiling RAILs RAILTRACK
Rail gall of baseplates
T 48
Rail grinder

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Rail head
DEFINITION 1. That part of an ordinary RAIL SECTION above the WEB (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1). 2. In a cast section, all RUNNING SURFACEs over the whole length of the CROSSING and the sides of ordinary RAIL HEAD section outside the BOX SECTION
Rail inclination
The angle between the vertical axis of a RAIL and the perpendicular to the RUNNING SURFACE expressed as a tangent, e.g. 1 in 20 see also INCLINED RAIL
T T T T
Rail joint Rail joint bond Rail level Rail lubricator
Construction formed by the fixing together of two RAILs BOND across the joint between two RUNNING RAILs The level of the top of a specified RAIL. A device designed to place lubricant on the RUNNING EDGE of RUNNING RAILs to reduce the friction between the RAILs and the WHEEL FLANGE in order to minimise SIDEWEAR see also CHECK RAIL LUBRICATOR
RT
Rail Mounted Maintenance Machine
Any RAIL mounted maintenance machine meeting the requirements of Railway Group Standard GM/RT2402 and restricted by the Rule Book from being moved, either selfpropelled or in TRAIN formation, outside a POSSESSION. A resilient layer fitted between a RAIL and the supporting SLEEPER, TIMBER or BEARER or between the RAIL and the supporting BASEPLATE The cross-sectional shape of a RAIL Portable equipment for moving a RAIL along a TRACK The area of a CHAIR, BASEPLATE, SLEEPER, TIMBER or BEARER which supports the RAIL The thickness of a CHAIR or BASEPLATE measured under the centre line of the RAIL when positioned correctly on the CHAIR or BASEPLATE The wearing away of the RAIL SEAT of a CONCRETE SLEEPER by the longitudinal movement of the supported RAIL(s) 1. The cross sectional shape and weight of a RAIL per unit length 2. The name given to a RAIL rolled to specific dimensions.
Rail pad
T T T
Rail profile Rail puller Rail seat
Rail seat depth
Rail seat erosion
Rail section
T T
Rail steel Rail support system
Alloy from which RAILs are manufactured The means whereby the two RUNNING RAILs are supported and the loads imposed on the RAILs by the traffic being carried are transmitted to the BALLAST or other supporting STRUCTUREs.
RAILTRACK
49
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Rail tensors
DEFINITION Hydraulic devices used for extending CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL by calculated amounts during stressing operations. The ULTRASONIC RAIL FLAW DETECTION testing equipment together with the supporting trolley 1. Manipulating RAILs into the required attitude 2. Turning RAILs to place the present OUTSIDE EDGE on the RUNNING EDGE side
Rail testing system
Rail turning
T T
Rail turning bar Rail web
A steel bar having a specially shaped end for the manipulation of RAILs 1. The part of an ordinary RAIL SECTION between the head and the foot (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) 2. The part of the cross-section between the head and the foot at the LEG ENDs of a CAST CROSSING.
RT
Railtrack Controlled Infrastructure
INFRASTRUCTURE, areas of land and other premises either containing an OPERATIONAL RAILWAY LINE or forming parts of the control system for OPERATIONAL RAILWAY LINEs, controlled by Railtrack. Controlled means the responsibility for the signalling or electrification system used by the moving RAIL vehicles. The area is that within which the operation of RAIL vehicles creates potential hazards. A transport system established for the guided passage of vehicles having FLANGEd wheels, usually of steel A small disk-shaped warning device, designed to be placed on the RAIL HEAD for protection and emergency purposes, which explodes when a TRAIN passes over also known as DETONATOR
RT
Railway
RT
Railway Fog Signal
Raised check rail
A flatbottom CHECK RAIL which is supported upon special BASEPLATEs such that the CROWN of the CHECK RAIL is above the level of the CROWN of the RUNNING RAILs Ramped section at the end of a CONDUCTOR RAIL to guide the traction current collecting devices onto the CONTACT SURFACE of the CONDUCTOR RAIL The CANT GRADIENT relative to the maximum speed of a vehicle passing over a TRANSITION CURVE. The CANT DEFICIENCY GRADIENT relative to the maximum speed of a vehicle passing over a TRANSITION CURVE. Pulling RAILs back to the correct gauge and refastening to the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers Renewing RAIL PADs The restoration of the transverse profile of a RAIL head by either grinding, milling or planing
Ramp end
Rate of change of cant
Rate of change of cant deficiency Re-gauging
T T
Re-padding Re-profiling
50
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT RE/PW drawing
DEFINITION Abbreviation for RAILWAY Equipment - PERMANENT WAY drawings. A range of drawings for standard components for bullhead and for flat bottom PERMANENT WAY. They also include general arrangement drawings and other standard details The redesign of the ALIGNMENT of a TRACK or TRACKs see also CURVE REALIGNMENT
Realignment
RT
Reasonably practicable
The balance between the degree of risk and against the time, trouble, cost and physical difficulty of controlling the risk. The removal of the existing BOXING-IN BALLAST, BALLAST SHOULDERs and BOTTOM BALLAST to a predetermined depth and its replacement by clean BALLAST TRACK where vehicles await attention or sorting BALLAST which has been separated from unwanted fine material at a depot or tip and made available for re-use in the TRACK A site of work must be classified as a Red Zone if: it is ON OR NEAR THE LINE and it has not been possible to set up a GREEN ZONE
Reballasting
RT T
Reception line Recycled ballast
RB
Red Zone
RT TSHB S
Redundant track Refuge
TRACK in-situ but surplus to operational requirements 1. An area where it is safe to stand when a TRAIN passes 2. A recess in the SIDE WALL of a TUNNEL where it is safe to stand when a TRAIN passes (See Appendix 2 Diagram 4) 3. A fenced platform cantilevered from a BRIDGE or VIADUCT forming a safe place to stand when a TRAIN passes.
S RT RT RB Refuge siding Relief line Reminder appliance
SINGLE ENDED SIDING off a RUNNING LINE used for TRAIN regulation purposes A SECONDARY LINE which runs alongside a MAIN LINE A device or control used to remind the signalman that a particular LEVER, button or SWITCH must not be operated or only used under certain conditions Alteration of a TRACK layout to provide facilities different from those existing Replacement of TRACK which is deemed to be life expired for the category of LINE in which it is located (see also PREMATURE RENEWAL of TRACK) Removal of existing RAILs and installation of new or SERVICEABLE RAILs The process of replacing all the SLEEPERs in a TRACK A BOND which connects a return conductor to a TRACTION CURRENT RETURN RAIL
RT T
Remodelling Renewal of Way
T T E
Rerailing Resleepering Return conductor bond
RAILTRACK
51
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Returned ballast
DEFINITION BALLAST which is returned to the TRACK after having been separated from unwanted fine material by either a BALLAST CLEANING machine or other methods S & C: The opposite position to Normal Two abutting curves of OPPOSITE FLEXURE or hand. The point at which two abutting curves of OPPOSITE FLEXURE or hand have a common tangent A TRACK on which traffic may be worked in either direction An electronic device for vehicle ride assessment see PARALLEL WING left [right] (hand side)
K T RT
Reverse Reverse curve Reverse point
RT T T
Reversible line Ridemeter Right hand parallel wing (RHPW) Right hand splice
An acute FABRICATED CROSSING which has the SPLICE RAIL of the vee on the right of the POINT RAIL A TURNOUT in which the STOCK RAIL set is on the right hand side STOCK RAIL when viewed from the SWITCH TOE looking towards the CROSSING A mode of failure which causes a piece of equipment to cease functioning but without compromising the safety of TRAINs see GARLAND A vehicle meeting the requirements of Railway Group Standard GM/RT1300 that can travel on the road under its own power and also travel on the RAILs by virtue of a RAIL wheel guidance system. A road-rail vehicle is permitted to travel on the RAILs only within a POSSESSION A defect on or just below the RUNNING SURFACE of a RAIL caused by the interaction of steel wheels on steel RAILs An alpha-numeric code which indicates the capacity of a LINE to carry a given axle weight and spacing An informal examination carried out by any person in the normal course of his duties. The face of a CHECK RAIL against which the backs of the WHEEL FLANGEs may contact The steepest GRADIENT used on a section or a route of RAILWAY An unauthorised traffic movement in a TRAILING direction through a SET OF SWITCHES, SWITCH DIAMOND or SWING NOSE CROSSING resulting in damage to the TRACK see CONTACT SURFACE
Right hand turnout
RT
Right side failure
S RT
Ring dam Road-Rail Vehicle
Rolling contact flaw
RT
Route availability
S T
Routine observation Rubbing face
RT RT
Ruling gradient Run-through
Running band
52
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Running edge
DEFINITION The inside face of the head of a RAIL when installed in TRACK (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1) A SWITCH and CROSSING layout between pairs of TRACKs and which is used for TRAIN regulation purposes 1. A LINE as shown in Table A of the Sectional Appendix 2. A TRACK, other than a SIDING, over which a scheduled service of traffic passes 3. A LINE that runs between two distinct locations as shown in Table A of the appropriate Sectional Appendix
RT
Running junction
RB RT K
Running Line
T T
Running rail Running surface
A RAIL that supports and guides the FLANGEd wheels of a RAIL vehicle Part of the RAIL HEAD contacted by vehicle tyres and extending from the GAUGE CORNER to the BACK EDGE CORNER (see Appendix 2 Diagram 1). Also known as RUNNING TABLE
T T T T T
Running table Running-off end Running-on end S&C Saddle crossing
See RUNNING SURFACE The RAIL END at which traffic in the predominant direction of travel leaves a RAIL The RAIL END at which traffic in the predominant direction of travel runs on to a RAIL Abbreviation for SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS. An OBTUSE CROSSING for a SCISSORS CROSSOVER having additional RAILs and/or ACUTE CROSSING(s) as an integral part of the obtuse Sometimes known as Boat Crossing or Fiddleback.
RT
Safety audit
A process for determining the extent to which there is compliance with a set of standards A document by which an organisation sets out to demonstrate its ability to conduct a particular operation or activity in an acceptably safe and proper manner An examination of one or several aspects of safety arrangements. it can be as broad or narrow as required. On PERMANENT WAY and STRUCTUREs: Work by a person (or supervision of or LOOKOUT protection for such a person) which involves the maintenance, repair, renewal, alteration, dismantling or demolition of PERMANENT WAY or STRUCTUREs which could affect the health and safety of persons on a transport systems INFRASTRUCTURE State of freedom from danger to the operators and users of a RAILWAY
RT
Safety case
RT
Safety check
T/S
Safety critical work
RT
Safety of the line
RAILTRACK
53
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Sand drag
DEFINITION 1. A shallow trough constructed around a TRACK, usually at a set of TRAP POINTS, which is filled with sand or gravel to decelerate a vehicle making an unauthorised movement 2. A section of LINE covered in sand or other retarding material on a dead-end LINE, provided in special instances to retard an overrunning movement.
Sapling
Erosion of the surface of brickwork, concrete or masonry as a result of weathering, chemical attack, internal defects or excessive loading. Two intersecting CROSSOVERs of opposite hand A timber wedge that is placed between the STOCK RAIL and the SWITCH RAIL of a HALF SET OF SWITCHES to ensure that the SWITCH remains inoperable The removal of the bed or bank of a watercourse by the action of flowing water or the removal of beach material by the sea. Rail which is either so worn, damaged or flawed as to render it unfit for further use in TRACK A STRUCTURE which protects low-lying areas from flooding by the sea. A LINE of less importance than a MAIN LINE A STOP SIGNAL which controls the entrance to a BLOCK SECTION or INTERMEDIATE BLOCK SECTION ahead Erosion of material from a river bed by the flow of water and its replacement by material transported from upstream. A FISHPLATEd RAIL JOINT between RUNNING RAILs supported upon SLEEPERs located at or beyond the extremes of the FISHPLATEs See PART FABRICATED CROSSING A STRUCTURE or any part of a STRUCTURE requiring examination to be made at intervals shorter than the normal period between successive inspections because of its type, the loads it carries, the particular site conditions or rate of deterioration A cable, pipe or pipeline laid or constructed by any method see PLANT RAILS Rail which has carried RAILWAY vehicles and is of reduced or worn dimensions but otherwise suitable for reuse A SLEEPER which has been in TRACK carrying RAIL vehicles and which is worn but otherwise suitable for reuse Assemblies for both sides of a SWITCH i.e. right and left hand HALF SETs
RT T
Scissors crossover Scotch
Scour
Scrap rail
S RT RB
Sea defence Secondary line Section signal
Sedimentation transportation scour Semi-supported joint
T S
Semi-welded crossing Sensitive structure
S T T
Service Service rails Serviceable rail
Serviceable sleeper
Set of switches
54
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Shallow depth switch
DEFINITION A SWITCH in which the SWITCH RAIL is produced from a shallower RAIL SECTION than that used for the STOCK RAIL A CROSSING having a numerically small value when expressed as 1 in N A CIRCULAR CURVE having a small radius of CURVATURE Internal defects which are formed in a RAIL HEAD during or soon after the manufacturing process. A shallow head defect at a RAIL END in which a small portion of the RAIL surface breaks away 1. A shaped piece of metal fitted between the upper fishing surface of the FISHPLATEs and the upper fishing surface of the RAILs at a RAIL JOINT 2. A metal plate placed between a BRIDGE BEARING or location plate and the ABUTMENT slab to ensure that the BEARING level is correct and that the BEARING plate is fully supported
T T T
Sharp angle crossing Sharp curve Shatter cracks
Shelling
Shim
Short wavelength corrugations Shovel packing Shunt neck
CORRUGATIONs with a wavelength of between 25mm and 500mm
T RT
PACKING SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers with full size BALLAST using a shovel A TRACK BEYOND the KING POINTS of a fan of SIDINGs which allows a locomotive to undertake the shunting of vehicles without the need to work on a RUNNING LINE A signal which is provided for shunting purposes only Restraints used to prevent the lateral movement of CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL during stressing operations 1. The section of a TUNNEL or CULVERT between the SPRINGING SPLICE RAIL and ground level. (See Appendix 2 Diagram 4). 2. The vertical walls of the outside of the BOX SECTION of a CAST CROSSING
RB T
Shunting signal Side rollers
Side wall
T T T Sidecut Sidewear
see SIDEWEAR The wearing away of metal from the gauge face of a RAIL by the cutting action of WHEEL FLANGEs especially on TRACKs on curves (also known as SIDECUT) The sum of the SIDEWEAR gauge readings taken on each face of the RAIL using a SIDEWEAR gauge 1. TRACK for marshalling, stabling, storing, loading or unloading RAIL vehicles. 2. A LINE for the stabling of vehicles or where loading/unloading, servicing etc. is performed clear of the RUNNING LINEs
Sidewear total
RT K
Siding
RAILTRACK
55
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Signal Box
DEFINITION The building in which the signalman/men is/are situated together with the control and indication system for the signalling The key used to operate a SIGNAL POST REPLACEMENT SWITCH
RB
Signal post replacement key Signal post replacement switch SIMBIDS Similar flexure Simplified Bidirectional Signalling
RB
A SWITCH on the post of an automatic or semi-automatic colour light signal which can be operated by a key in order to turn it to, and maintain it at, danger Abbreviation for SIMPLIFIED BI-DIRECTIONAL SIGNALLING. The description of two or more abutting curves which turn in the same direction 1. A signalling system installed on a TRACK normally used for traffic in one direction to enable infrequent use to be made of bi-directional working. 2. Bi-directional signalling where the signalling in the opposite direction to normal traffic provides for a lower speed and/or capacity than that in the normal direction , and bi-directional operation is only required in connection with POSSESSIONs or emergencies affecting the other LINE(s). Also known as SIMBIDS.
K RT RT
RT
Single ended siding
TRACK for marshalling, stabling, storing, loading or unloading vehicles and usually connected to a RUNNING LINE at one end only, the other end being provided with a BUFFER STOP A SWITCH and CROSSING layout comprising a SINGLE TURNOUT and a DIAMOND CROSSING See SINGLE TURNOUT The only LINE available which can be used by movements in both directions 1. Temporary use of one TRACK of a two TRACK or MULTIPLE TRACK RAILWAY for traffic working in both directions. 2. Methods of operation introduced so that the traffic of a double LINE can pass over one LINE (which is not bi-directional) because of engineering work, equipment failure or an obstruction.
RT
Single junction
T RB RT
Single lead Single Line Single line working
RT
Single slip
DIAMOND CROSSING with two SLIP SWITCHes to provide an additional directional facility. A HALF SET of TRAIN OPERATED SWITCHes installed to derail vehicles in the event of their running away in the WRONG DIRECTION An operated HALF SET OF SWITCHES installed to deflect vehicles so as to protect adjacent TRACKs in the event of their unauthorised movement Reducing a MULTIPLE TRACK RAILWAY having two or more TRACKS to a SINGLE LINE RAILTRACK
RT
Single tongue catch point Single tongue trap points Singling
RT
RT
56

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Siphon
DEFINITION A U-shaped CULVERT for carrying a water course under a RAILWAY and raising it at the exit by atmospheric pressure (also known as Inverted siphon) appointed, when required, by the PICOW responsible for warning anyone straying towards or beyond the limits specified by the PICOW and ensuring that person moves back
TSHB
Site Warden
RT RT
Six foot Skew bridge
see 6 - FOOT A BRIDGE which crosses a RAILWAY, road or watercourse at an angle other than a right angle A BRIDGE which crosses a RAILWAY, road or watercourse at an angle other than a right angle A wedge shaped stone or block of concrete, on top of an ABUTMENT or pier, which supports an ARCH ring. (See Appendix 2 Diagram 5). A FISHPLATE of increased depth that provides additional strength at joints between bull head RAILs TRACK without BALLAST and continuously supported by a reinforced concrete slab A short length of PLAIN RAIL used in the positioning of SWITCH AND concrete CROSSING Bearers prior to installation of the SWITCH AND CROSSING units and as the lifting beam for the bearers Transverse beam that provides vertical and lateral support to PLAIN LINE RUNNING RAILs, RAIL FASTENINGs and, where appropriate, CHECK RAILs, GUARD RAILs, CONDUCTOR RAILs and ancillary operating or signalling equipment 1. (crane working): the action of rotating the jib in a horizontal arc relative to the crane chassis. 2. (TRACK): see SLUING
Skew Span
Skew-back
Skirted fishplate
T T
Slab track Slave rail
Sleeper
RT
Slowing
T T Slide baseplate
A BASEPLATE for a flatbottom SWITCH which has a horizontal surface upon which a SWITCH RAIL can be moved laterally A CHAIR for a bullhead SWITCH which has a horizontal surface upon which a SWITCH RAIL can be moved laterally see SUSPENSION BOLT The surface along which a LANDSLIP separates from the parent material An additional directional facility in a DIAMOND CROSSING A SWITCH used to provide additional directional facilities in DIAMOND CROSSINGs Low friction insert for SLIDE BASEPLATEs
Slide chair
S S RT RT T
Sling bolt Slip plane Slip road Slip switch Slipper
RAILTRACK
57
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Slope failure
DEFINITION Any rock fall or soil slip, slide, or flow in a CUTTING, or soil slide or slip of an EMBANKMENT The transverse slope applied to the SUB GRADE to enable water to flow to a TRACK DRAIN Secondary TRACK(s) of less importance than MAIN LINE(s) but which run alongside MAIN LINE(s) Positioning a TRACK laterally (sometimes spelt SLOWING) BALLAST in which the interstices have become filled with fine wet material A plate or board attached to the underside of an OVERBRIDGE and intended to protect it from the blast of a steam locomotive. TAMPING AND LINING undertaken without reference to a designed ALIGNMENT and level scheme Using a TAMPING AND LINING machine to reduce errors in CROSS LEVELs errors in a TRACK but not to altering the general LONGITUDINAL LEVELS of a TRACK 1. see CROWN 2. The underside of a SLEEPER
Slope of formation
RT
Slow line(s)
T T S
Sluing Slurried ballast Smoke plate or board
Smooth lining
Smooth tamping
S T T
Soffit
Soffit pad
Resilient material bonded to the SOFFIT of a SLEEPER as a means of reducing ground borne vibrations SLEEPER produced from pressure impregnated softwood A metal plate placed on the upper surface of the TIMBER or bearer at the SWITCH TOE and below the TOE SLIDE CHAIRs or BASEPLATEs, to provide additional GAUGE restraint SIDINGs used for the formation of vehicles into TRAINs The side of an ARCH BRIDGE above the ARCH ring and below the parapet (see Appendix 2 Diagram 5). A STRUCTURE or any part of a STRUCTURE for which the Railtrack Directors nominee has given specific authority in writing for an extended interval between successive examinations A trackside sign which marks the beginning of a speed restriction and indicates the permitted speed. See TEMPORARY SPEED RESTRICTION and EMERGENCY SPEED RESTRICTION. BALLAST which is no longer suitable for the support of a RAILWAY TRACK by virtue of shape, size, material type or contamination
T T
Softwood sleeper Soleplate
RT S
Sorting sidings Spandrel
Special structure
Speed Indicator
Spent ballast
58
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Spike fastening
DEFINITION A RAIL FASTENING device, usually of steel, which is driven into the supporting SLEEPERs or TIMBERs to both hold down the RAIL and hold the RAIL to gauge. (Also known as Elastic spike) The machined matching surfaces of a POINT RAIL and a SPLICE RAIL of an ACUTE CROSSING which are fastened together to form an ACUTE CROSSING VEE (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3). A length of RAIL with a machined end spliced into the POINT RAIL of an ACUTE CROSSING (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3). 1. A SWITCH which has the STOCK RAIL set divided equally between the STOCK RAILs of both HALF SETs rather than applied to one STOCK RAIL only 2. A SWITCH that has been damaged by a vehicle TRAILING through a set of powered SWITCHes not set for the movement or by a vehicle wheel entering the space between a partially OPEN SWITCH RAIL and the STOCK RAIL of a FACING SWITCH see also SPLIT TURNOUT
Splice
Splice rail
Split switch
Split turnout
TURNOUT in which each STOCK RAIL has half of the total STOCK RAIL set for the SWITCHes in use see also SPLIT SWITCH
T T
Spot resleepering Spring clip
Replacement of selected SLEEPERs in a TRACK 1. RAIL FASTENING secured by a tee-headed bolt 2. RAIL FASTENING secured by the shape and type of steel
RT
Spring points
1. A SWITCH which resets itself after a TRAILING movement of a vehicle. 2. Unworked TRAILING POINTS which return under spring load to the normal position after the passage of a TRAIN in the TRAILING direction.
Springing
The junction between an ABUTMENT and an ARCH ring where inclined and vertical brickwork meet (see Appendix 2 Diagram 5). 1. An ACUTE CROSSING whose angle is at or very close to 90 2. A SWITCH and CROSSING layout which contains one or more CROSSINGs having an angle of, or very close to, 90
Square crossing
Square span Squat
A BRIDGE that crosses a RAILWAY at right angles to the centre line of the RAILWAY A rolling contact FATIGUE defect resulting from the action of the wheel on the RAIL. Standard Railway Equipment - PERMANENT WAY. A range of drawings for standard components for bullhead PERMANENT WAY SIDINGs used to store vehicles waiting their next turn of duty
SRE drawing
RT
Stabling sidings
RAILTRACK
59
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Standard gauge Star crack Static level Static load gauge
DEFINITION TRACK GAUGE within the range 1432mm to 1435mm inclusive FATIGUE crack radiating from a bolt hole in a RAIL Unloaded level of a RUNNING RAIL A profile within which rolling stock and any load must be contained when at rest on straight and level TRACK Terminal, depot, MARSHALLING YARD or halt The portion of LINE between the HOME SIGNAL and the SECTION SIGNAL for the same LINE, worked from the same SIGNAL BOX. This does not apply on a TRACK CIRCUIT BLOCK LINE Any person or body who holds particular legal powers granted under legislation. SLEEPER produced from a rolled steel section The resultant dimension calculated from the horizontal and vertical dimensions from the PLATFORM edge to a vehicle step or floor A small structural member, such as an angle, connected to the WEB of a larger structural to prevent buckling of the WEB. The fixed RAIL of a SWITCH (left and right hand). see PNEUMATIC BALLAST INJECTION MACHINE A STRUCTURE fixed at the termination of a RUNNING LINE or SIDING informing the driver to stop. see also BUFFER STOP
T T T RT
RB RB / K
Station Station limits
RT T T
Statutory undertaking Steel sleeper Stepping distance
Stiffener
T T K
Stock rail Stoneblower Stop Block
RB T T
Stop signal Straight cut switch Straight planed switch
Any main signal which can display a stop ASPECT or indication A SWITCH in which joggled STOCK RAILs accommodate the TOE of the SWITCH RAILs A SWITCH in which the running face of the PLANING LENGTH of the SWITCH RAIL is straight in plan A SWITCH DIAMOND which has additional RAILs and STRESS TRANSFER BLOCKs and bolts incorporated to strengthen the assembly for welding into CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL The RAIL temperature at which CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL is neither in compression nor in tension Utilising the heating effect of the suns rays to heat CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL to the specified STRESS FREE TEMPERATURE range prior to the clipping down of the RAILs and the production of the CLOSING WELDs.
Strengthened switch diamond
Stress free temperature
Stress naturally
60
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Stress restoration
DEFINITION The process of stretching CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL so that the stress free temperature of the RAILs is the same as it was before the CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL was disturbed Metal BLOCKs, secured by a bolt or bolts, fitted between the SWITCH RAIL and the STOCK RAIL at the HEEL of a strengthened SWITCH HALF SET to maintain the correct relationship between the two RAILs, to maintain the correct geometry and to transfer thermally induced loads from between the two RAILs The length of TRACK at the end of a length of CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL throughout which the stress may vary from that of the adjoining TRACK to that induced by the stressing of the CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL. The process of extending CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL so that the stress free temperature of the RAILs is within a specified temperature range. The weld made at that point in the RAILs forming one side of a TRACK where the RAILs were stressed A flexible metal bar which connects together the two SWITCH RAILs of a SET OF SWITCHES A horizontal decorative feature applied to brick work (See Appendix 2 Diagram 5). Also known as Band course
Stress transfer blocks
Stress transition length
Stressing of rails
Stressing point weld
Stretcher bar
String course
Strip heater
An electric SWITCH HEATER in the form of heating cables fixed to the SWITCH and STOCK RAILs Long lengths of RAIL PAD material for use on PAVED CONCRETE TRACK installation or for cutting to size for use on SWITCH and CROSSING BASEPLATEs The distance between a LINESIDE STRUCTURE and the SWEPT ENVELOPE Any construction or building required for a RAILWAY but excluding the TRACK construction. An EMBANKMENT is excluded from this definition. Dimensioned space around and over a RAILWAY within which STRUCTUREs must not encroach. The prepared surface of the natural ground or upper surface of fill material A STATION with PLATFORMs enclosed or underground as defined in clause 3 of the Fire Precautions (Sub-surface RAILWAY STATIONs) Regulations 1989 A semaphore signal used for controlling shunting movements onto OCCUPIED TRACKs Any fire beneath the surface of land, including fires in old shallow mine workings but excluding fires in STRUCTUREs such as basements, cellars, sewerage/drainage systems or underground RAILWAYs or sub-surface RAILWAYs see BACK DRIVE 61
Strip pad
S S
Structural clearance Structure
RT
Structure gauge
T RT
Sub grade Sub-surface station
RB RT
Subsidiary signal Subterranean fire
Supplementary Drive
RAILTRACK
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Suspension bolt Swept envelope
DEFINITION A bolt or strap in direct tension when supporting a load (also known as Sling bolt) The KINEMATIC ENVELOPE enlarged to allow for the effects of vertical and horizontal CURVATURE, including the END THROW and CENTRE THROW of vehicles and the CANT applied to the TRACK An UNDERBRIDGE built such that one or more spans can pivot to provide an unobstructed opening. 1. An ACUTE CROSSING in which the CROSSING VEE can be moved laterally to close the FLANGEWAY to one or other of the WING RAILs to provide continuous support to wheelsets 2. A CROSSING (POINTS) with moveable parts to facilitate a high TURNOUT speed.
S RT
RT
Swing bridge
Swing nose crossing
K T Switch
A unit of TRACK consisting of two fixed (STOCK RAILs) and two moveable RAILs (SWITCH RAILs) used to direct vehicles from one TRACK to another TRACK. Also known as POINTS. 1. A SWITCH and CROSSING assembly which in itself is complete, e.g. a SINGLE TURNOUT or a DIAMOND CROSSING 2. An individual CROSSING or HALF SET OF SWITCHES
Switch and crossing unit
Switch clamp
A device to render a SWITCH inoperable by clamping together the RAILs of a SWITCH HALF SET An OBTUSE CROSSING in which the OBTUSE POINT RAILs are replaced by SWITCH RAILs and a CHECK RAIL is not required A mechanism that moves the SWITCH RAILs of a SET OF SWITCHES or a SWITCH DIAMOND relative to the STOCK RAIL A metal bar which connects the SWITCH RAILs to the SWITCH DRIVE The angle between the tangent to the PLANING RADIUS at the TOE of the SWITCH and the STOCK RAIL The portion of the STOCK RAIL between the SWITCH TOE and the RAIL END at the start of the TURNOUT The assembly for one side of a SWITCH and which comprises a STOCK RAIL and a SWITCH RAIL together with CHAIRs or BASEPLATEs, BLOCKs and RAIL FASTENING devices Also known as a Half set.
Switch diamond
Switch drive
T T
Switch drive rod Switch entry angle
Switch front
Switch half set
T/E
Switch heater
A device for heating the PLANING LENGTH of a SWITCH HALF SET to minimise the risk of the formation of ice on the SWITCH SLIDE CHAIRs or BASEPLATEs The ends of the SWITCH RAIL and the STOCK RAIL of a HALF SET OF SWITCHES furthest from the SWITCH TOE (see also HEEL) RAILTRACK
Switch heel
62

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Switch heel angle
DEFINITION The angle at the STOCK RAIL RUNNING EDGE of the tangent to the RUNNING EDGE of the adjacent SWITCH RAIL at the SWITCH HEEL The normal offset from the RUNNING EDGE of a STOCK RAIL to the RUNNING EDGE of the adjacent SWITCH RAIL The prescribed minimum gap between the SWITCH RAIL and the adjacent STOCK RAIL at the commencement of the PLANING LENGTH The machined portion of the head of the SWITCH RAIL and the corresponding area of the head of the STOCK RAIL against which the SWITCH RAIL closes The radius of the curve from the tangent point to the RUNNING EDGE at the end of the SWITCH PLANING to the tangent point to the RUNNING EDGE at the SWITCH HEEL The moveable RAIL of a SWITCH which registers with the STOCK RAIL (left and right hand). Vertical angle at the HEEL of the SWITCH PLANING through which the SWITCH RAIL of a two level SWITCH HALF SET is turned to enable a difference in level between the SWITCH RAIL and the STOCK RAIL to be made The end of the SWITCH RAIL that is traversed first by a vehicle negotiating the SWITCH in the FACING direction Description of the angle of divergence from the straight, the SWITCH PLANING characteristics, RAIL attitude and RAIL SECTION TRACK constructed from sets of SWITCHes and individual CROSSINGs to form connections between TRACKs.. Abbreviation: S & C.
Switch heel offset
Switch heel opening
Switch planing
Switch radius
Switch rail
Switch rail vertical set
Switch toe
Switch type
RT
Switches and crossings
T RB T
Tache ovale Tail Lamp Tamper siding
A kidney-shaped FATIGUE crack propagating transversely within the RAIL HEAD An illuminated built-in red light or blind SIDING used for the stabling and for the maintenance of on-TRACK TAMPING machines and other RAIL mounted plant
RAILTRACK
63
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Tamping
DEFINITION Using a TAMPING machine to force BALLAST under the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers of a TRACK to: i. eliminate voids ii. correct CROSS LEVEL errors iii. improve the longitudinal profile of a TRACK and / or iv. lift the TRACK to a designed level
T T
Tamping and lining Tandem
PACKING BALLAST under the SLEEPERs and SLUING a TRACK by mechanical means Two integral TURNOUTs in which the TOEs of the second TURNOUT are adjacent to the HEEL of the first TURNOUT A SWITCH in which the RUNNING EDGEs of the SWITCH and STOCK RAILs are tangential when in the closed position Abbreviation for TRACK CIRCUIT OPERATING DEVICE. A BOND fitted between two RAILs and around a site of work which would otherwise interrupt the electrical continuity through the RAILs 1. A pre-planned reduction of the speed of TRAINs between defined locations along a TRACK for a predetermined length of time 2. A speed restriction imposed for a short period that has been published in the Weekly Operating Notice Abbreviated to TSR
Tangential switch
RB K/E
TCOD Temporary bond
RT
Temporary Speed Restriction
RT S
Ten foot Tenanted arch
see 10 - FOOT A BRIDGE where the land underneath is leased to an OUTSIDE PARTY for storage or working space (see ARCH LINING). A trackside sign denoting the end of a TEMPORARY Speed Restriction. A SWITCH in which the SWITCH RAILs are produced from a RAIL SECTION which has a thick WEB and the SWITCH RAIL FOOT over-rides the foot of the STOCK RAIL Single CONDUCTOR RAIL positioned outside gauge of a direct current electrified RAILWAY Two integral TURNOUTs in which the TOEs of the two TURNOUTs are located on adjacent TIMBERs or BEARERS The SWITCH and CROSSING layout at the APPROACH TO a terminal STATION
K T
Termination Indicator Thick web Switch
Third rail
Three throw
RT
Throat
64
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Through line
DEFINITION TRACK provided for traffic to pass through a STATION without running over a LINE adjacent to a PLATFORM A SIDING which is connected, at each end, to a RUNNING LINE (Also known as a Double ended siding) TIMBERs or BEARERS supporting SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS of more than one TRACK A position on a TRACK where no lateral slue can be permitted TRACK GAUGE which is narrower than STANDARD GAUGE because of the effects of traffic especially at ACUTE CROSSINGs or as a result of poor assembly Non-insulated connection of two RAILs by means of specially drilled FISHPLATEs and RAIL FASTENING devices but without an EXPANSION GAP between the RAIL ENDs Transverse beam (normally cut from hardwood) that provides vertical and lateral support to S & C RUNNING RAILs, RAIL FASTENINGs and, where appropriate, CHECK RAILs, CONDUCTOR RAILs and ancillary operating or signalling equipment see also BEARER
RT
RT
Through siding
Through timbers or bearers Tied point Tight gauge
T T
Tight joint
Timber
Toe
1. The bottom of a CUTTING or EMBANKMENT slope 2. The machined end of a SWITCH blade 3. The portion of RAIL CLIP which bears upon the foot of a FLATBOTTOM RAIL 4. The point at which a TRANSITION CURVE attains maximum radius of CURVATURE
Toe load
1. The designed load which should be exerted on the foot of a FLATBOTTOM RAIL by a correctly installed RAIL CLIP 2. The actual load exerted by a RAIL CLIP on the foot of a flat bottom RAIL
Toe opening
The distance between the gauge face of a STOCK RAIL and the BACK EDGE of an OPEN SWITCH RAIL measured at the SWITCH tip of non-CLAMP LOCK operated SWITCHes or over the CLAMP LOCK of CLAMP LOCK operated SWITCHes SWITCHes installed with the SWITCH FRONTs adjacent so that one SWITCH is FACING and one SWITCH is TRAILING 1. Any SINGLE LINE token, staff or tablet 2. A means of giving authority for a TRAIN to occupy a section of a SINGLE LINE.
Toe-to-toe
RB RT T T
Token
Top Top planing
The vertical profile of a TRACK The longitudinal profile of the vee of an ACUTE CROSSING, from the NOSE towards the CROSSING HEEL, formed by machining Abbreviation for TRAIN OPERATED WARNING SYSTEM 65
TOWS RAILTRACK
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Track
DEFINITION The assembly of RAILs, RAIL supports, RAIL FASTENINGs, SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or BEARERS and BALLAST or other forms of support also known as Line
T T
Track bed Track category
The surface of the BALLAST upon which the SLEEPERs or TIMBERs are laid Ranking, in terms of LINE SPEED and tonnage carried, of a LINE relative to other LINEs in a RAILWAY system An electrical device using the RAILs in an electric circuit, which detects the absence of TRAINs on a defined section of LINE. Equipment provided on certain TRAINs to improve the operation of TRACK CIRCUITs A method of signalling TRAINs in a section of LINE where safety is ensured by the use of TRACK CIRCUITs or other means of automatic TRAIN absence DETECTION and without the use of block instruments A BOND for ensuring the continuity of signalling TRACK CIRCUITs at a RAIL JOINT or other discontinuity in the RUNNING RAILs A metal bracket fixed to a RUNNING RAIL of a set of TRAP POINTS or similar to detect, by the breaking of the bracket by a vehicle wheel, vehicles making unsignalled moves A device which can be used to place on top of each RUNNING RAIL so as to operate the TRACK CIRCUIT and so provide a means of PROTECTION of an obstruction A special device which can be placed on the LINE to provide PROTECTION on a TRACK CIRCUIT BLOCK LINE by operating the TRACK CIRCUIT Abbreviation: TCOD.
Track Circuit
RB RB
Track circuit actuator Track circuit block
Track circuit bond
Track circuit interrupter Track circuit operating clip Track Circuit Operating Device
RB
RB
Track circuit rail
The RAIL used for signalling TRACK CIRCUIT purposes in areas where single RAIL TRACK CIRCUITs are in use A DRAIN constructed to carry surface water away from the TRACKs 1. The distance between the GAUGE POINTs of the RUNNING RAILs of a RAILWAY 2. An implement for setting, measuring or checking the distance between the GAUGE POINTs of the RUNNING RAILs of a RAILWAY
T T
Track drain Track gauge
T T
Track geometry Track geometry recording Track gradient
The TOP and ALIGNMENT of a TRACK The measurement and storage of data in respect of the condition of the TOP and ALIGNMENT of a TRACK for presentation for analysis The distance travelled horizontally for a rise of one unit (normally expressed as a tangent)
RT
66
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Track panel
DEFINITION A length of TRACK assembled as a unit, i.e. the two RAILs with the designed number of SLEEPERs and RAIL FASTENINGs Measured values of TRACK TOP and ALIGNMENT assessed against a predetermined scale of acceptable values A predetermined acceptable range of TRACK QUALITY measurements for a particular standard of TRACK against which measured values may be compared in order to deduce the TRACK QUALITY The RAIL(s) of a TRACK which are used as the return side of the traction current circuit of an electrified RAILWAY Locomotive, multiple unit, self-propelled RAIL vehicle or road/rail vehicle operating in RAIL mode A SWITCH which can be traversed without damage by a vehicle passing through the SWITCH in the TRAILING direction The direction of RAIL traffic over POINTS where the TRAIN meets the HEEL of the SWITCH RAIL first. CROSSOVER in which the SWITCHes are installed in the TRAILING direction POINTS where two converging routes join A SWITCH installed where traffic travels predominantly from the SWITCH HEEL towards the SWITCH TOE 1. Light locomotive, self-propelled RAIL vehicle or road/rail vehicle in RAIL mode 2. Rail vehicles of any type and number coupled together
Track quality
Track quality band
Traction current return rail(s) Traction Unit
RB
RT
Trailable Switch
RT
Trailing (direction)
RT RB RT
Trailing crossover Trailing points Trailing switch
RB RT K RT
Train
Train Detection Train operated switch
The proof of the presence or absence of TRAINs on an defined section of line. A SWITCH which can be REVERSEd by the passage of a TRAIN and which will return to its normal position on completion of the passage of the TRAIN 1. A system that gives trackside staff audible warning of the approach of TRAINs by means of safe and warning tones, activated by the signalling system to enable them to reach a place of safety. 2. Audible warning system provided at locations listed in the Sectional Appendix which when switched on is used to warn persons ON OR NEAR THE LINE of an approaching TRAIN Abbreviation: TOWS.
Train Operated Warning System
RB
RB
Train Register
Any written record used by the signalman for recording TRAIN times and exceptional circumstances
RAILTRACK
67
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Train signalling block regulations Train stop
DEFINITION Instructions for use by the signalman which detail the Rules, Regulations and Instructions relating to each different kind of signalling system A device working in conjunction with the displayed ASPECTs of a signal for the purpose of applying the TRAIN brakes in the event of a TRAIN passing the signal at danger Driver and GUARD A LEVEL CROSSING whose BARRIERs are opened and closed by TRAINCREWs
RB
RB RT
Traincrew Traincrew operated crossing Trains
TSHB
movements of TRAINs or RAILs vehicles, including in the normal course of operation or in a POSSESSION (see also TRAIN) A connecting unit installed between BALLASTED TRACK and TRACK fastened directly to paved TRACK or to a BRIDGE deck to provide a gradual change from the stiffness of one form of construction to that of the other. A curve whose radius of CURVATURE changes uniformly with the distance travelled along the curve A TURNOUT having a TRANSITION CURVE incorporated between the TURNOUT curve and a length of straight through the ACUTE CROSSING INTERSECTION POINT A baulk of timber fixed between LONGITUDINAL TIMBERs to maintain TRACK GAUGE. Exchanging the position of the RAILs in a TRACK, especially on a curve, so that the LOW RAIL becomes the HIGH RAIL and vice-versa A BOND connecting two traction return current RAILs where the RAIL used for traction return current changes from one side to the other FACING POINT(s) provided at an exit from a SIDING or converging route used to derail an unauthorised movement, so protecting the adjacent LINE A mechanical SWITCH mounted on the WEB of a RUNNING RAIL and projecting into the path of the WHEEL FLANGEs which operate the SWITCH see CATTLE GUARD. A CROSS GIRDER positioned at the end of a BRIDGE span. Abbreviation of TEMPORARY SPEED RESTRICTION 1. A STRUCTURE provided to allow a RAILWAY to pass under higher land, buildings and/or water, which has been excavated either without disturbing the surface of the land or by the cut and cover method 2. An OVERBRIDGE which is in excess of 50m in length measured along the RAILWAY
T/S
Transition beam
Transition curve
Transitioned turnout
S T
Transom Transposing
Transposition bond
RB
Trap point(s)
Treadle
K S RT S
Trespass Guard Trimmer Girder TSR Tunnel
S S Tunnel shaft
An opening between a TUNNEL and ground level usually provided to ventilate or give access during construction.
68
RAILTRACK

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Turn-back siding
DEFINITION SIDING at a non-terminal STATION used as the reversing point of a service prior to the formation of a return working An assembly of one SET OF SWITCHES, one ACUTE CROSSING, CLOSURE RAILs, RAIL FASTENINGs and TIMBERs or BEARERS which permits one TRACK to diverge from, or merge with, another TRACK.. Also known as SINGLE LEAD
RT
Turnout
Turnout radius
The radius of the curve from the tangent point to the RUNNING EDGE at the HEEL to the INTERSECTION POINT of the ACUTE CROSSING to the TURNOUT Two reinforced concrete blocks each of which supports one RAIL of a TRACK and which are connected by a metal tie bar cast into the blocks The change of CROSS LEVEL along a TRACK measured over a specified distance. A defect in the TRACK TOP where there is a difference in CROSS LEVELs over a short distance which is greater than a predetermined amount and which may cause one or more wheels of a vehicle to lose contact with the RUNNING SURFACE of a RAIL A length of RAIL having a workshop produced TWIST about the RUNNING EDGE built into the RAIL to change the inclination of the RAIL from (generally) 1 in 20 to (generally) vertical or vice-versa A cast or rolled metal BASEPLATE for flatbottom two level SWITCHes and which has the RAIL SEATs for the STOCK RAIL and the SWITCH RAIL at two different levels to give differential CANTs A SWITCH having a vertical set in either the STOCK RAIL or the SWITCH RAIL and which is fitted with two level CHAIRs or BASEPLATEs to permit CANT to be built up or decreased on the TURNOUT between the SWITCH HEEL and the HEEL of the planing A HAND LEVER which causes the SWITCH blades of a TURNOUT to be moved with each operation of the LEVER Examination of the internal state of rolled steel RAILs using sound waves at a predetermined frequency Removing RAIL CLIPs A BRIDGE that supports a RAILWAY TRACK over a road, river or other obstruction A SWITCH in which the SWITCH RAILs are machined to recess under the head of the STOCK RAILs The MISALIGNMENT of a CIRCULAR CURVE or a TRANSITION CURVE such that a flat has to be introduced into the curve to enable the curve to meet the tangent correctly A ducted SERVICE route passing under the TRACKs below the level of the underside of the SLEEPERs or TRACK slab.
Twin block sleeper
T T
Twist Twist fault
Twist rail
Two level baseplate
Two levelled Switch
Two way lever
Ultrasonic rail flaw detection Unclipping Underbridge Undercut Switch
T RT T
Undershot curve
RT
Undertrack crossing
RAILTRACK
69
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Unworked points Up Verge
DEFINITION POINTS which are not operated from a SIGNAL BOX or GROUND FRAME Direction towards a designated origin for a route on a RAILWAY That zone of land which extends from the outer edge of the CESS to the LINESIDE fence The offset, normal to the midpoint of a CHORD, measured from the CHORD to the GAUGE POINT of a RAIL A curve on the longitudinal profile of a RAILWAY used to connect abutting GRADIENTs together A design of SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS in which the vertical axis of each RAIL is vertical throughout A RAIL whose vertical axis is normal to the plane of the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or BEARers A BRIDGE of generally five or more spans An examination carried out without the use of access equipment. An examination of the parts of a STRUCTURE visible from permanent access points The creation of a space below the a railseat of a SLEEPER, TIMBER or BEARer because of the displacement of the supporting BALLAST Wedge shaped stone or concrete blocks forming decorative FACE RINGs to an ARCH BRIDGE (see Appendix 2 Diagram 5). A steel through type box girder BRIDGE with a ribbed steel floor providing minimum construction depth originally used on the Western Region of BR. See diagram (also known as Llantarnam type bridge) A temporary beam or pair of beams parallel to the RAILs, directly below the SLEEPERs, TIMBERs or bearers of a TRACK used as a component of a temporary BRIDGE Pearlitic RAIL having a hardness exceeding 260 HB (Brinell Hardness) at the CROWN 1. The vertical plate joining the FLANGEs of a beam. 2. The vertical section joining the head and foot of a RAIL.
RB RT RT
Versine
Vertical curve
Vertical design switches and crossings Vertical rail Viaduct Visual examination Visual inspection Voiding
T RT S S T
Voussoirs
W.R. box girder bridge
Waybeam
T S T S
Wear resisting rail Web
Weep Hole / Pipe
A hole or pipe to allow water to escape from behind a retaining wall and thus to reduce the pressure behind it. A manual or powered machine for removing the risers and excess metal from aluminothermic or FLASH WELDs A distance specified on each side of a weld within which the metallurgy of the parent RAIL STEEL will be modified by the welding process. It includes the heat-affected zone An attachment welded to the RAIL for electrical connection purposes RAILTRACK
Weld shear
Weld zone
T 70
Welded bond

ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Welded crossing Welded joint Wet spot Wheel flange Wheel flange lubricator Wheel impact detector
DEFINITION A CROSSING with all of the RAIL components welded together Weld between abutting RAIL ENDs. The presence of a PUMPING defect in the BALLAST or subgrade see FLANGE (2) A RAIL mounted device for placing lubricant on the WHEEL FLANGEs of vehicles to reduce wear of the gauge face of RUNNING RAILs of curved TRACK A strain gauge array mounted on a RAIL together with acoustic equipment for measuring and recording the vertical loading on the RAIL resulting from irregularities in the suspension system and/or wheel flats or axle/wheel eccentricity A timber capping fixed to the upper surface of a LONGITUDINAL TIMBER on a BRIDGE The area of the WING RAILs and CROSSING VEE or OBTUSE POINT RAIL over which vehicle wheels transfer from the vee or POINT RAIL to a WING RAIL or vice-versa A ROLLING CONTACT FLAW caused by the powered slipping of the wheelset(s) of TRACTION UNITs TRACK GAUGE which is wider than STANDARD GAUGE because of wear of the TRACK components, the effects of traffic or poor assembly TRACK, especially certain types of S & C, laid in such that the distance between the GAUGE POINTs of the RAILs is designed to be wider than STANDARD GAUGE The space between two TRACKs or pairs of TRACKs and which is wider than a TEN FOOT A length of RAIL fastened to an ACUTE CROSSING VEE or to an OBTUSE POINT RAIL forming a FLANGEWAY with the RUNNING RAIL. (see Appendix 2 Diagram 3) The portion of a WING RAIL of an ACUTE CROSSING extending from the CROSSING NOSE to the FRONT JOINT A wall at the ABUTMENT of a BRIDGE which extends beyond the BRIDGE to retain the earth behind the ABUTMENT. (See Appendix 2 Diagram 5) this is where the work is carried out as part of the POSSESSION the limits of each work site are normally indicated by marker boards a marker board comprises a double sided yellow board with two vertical flashing red lights towards movements entering the work site and two vertical flashing yellow lights towards movements leaving marker boards are normally positioned on the left side of the LINE
T T T M T
Wheel timber
Wheel transfer area
Wheelburn
Wide gauge
Wide-to-gauge
RT
Wideway
Wing rail
Wing rail front
Wing Wall
TSHB
Work sites(in a possession)
RAILTRACK
71
ORIGIN / OWNER
SUBJECT Worked points Working temperature limits Wrong Direction Wrong side failure
DEFINITION POINTS which are operated from a SIGNAL BOX or GROUND FRAME The RAIL temperatures of any length of CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL above or below which work that disturbs the SLEEPERs or BALLAST is prohibited. A direction of movement for which fixed signals are not provided. A mode of failure which causes a piece of equipment to cease functioning and which compromises the safety of TRAINs A standard steel BRIDGE similar to an A-type but using Z section main girders.
RB T
RT RT
Z type bridge
72
RAILTRACK
Appendix 1
References
GM/RT1300 GM/RT2400 GM/RT2402 Engineering Acceptance of Road-Rail Vehicles Design on On-Track Machines Engineering Acceptance of Rail Mounted Maintenance Machines
RAILTRACK
73
Appendix 2
Diagrams
1 2 3 4 5 6 Flat Bottom Rail Section Component parts of a typical set of SWITCHes Component parts of a typical diamond crossing Typical cross section through a brick tunnel Component parts of typical arch bridges Component parts of typical early wrought iron or steel underbridges Cross section of standard underbridge with box main girders and transverse ribbed floor Cross section of Type Z underbridge Cross section of Type C underbridge 9 10 11 Component parts of Type E standard steel underbridge Comparison of Type A and Type Z steel underbridge decks Precast concrete arch unit overbridge (Conarch)
74
RAILTRACK
Diagram 1
Flat Bottom Rail Section
Running surface Back edge corner Crown Gauge corner Gauge Point (normally 15mm below crown)
Contact surface (approx)
Back Edge Rail Head
Running edge
Upper fishing surface
Upper fillet radius
Rail Web
4 foot
Lower fishing surface
Lower fillet radius
Rail Foot
RAILTRACK
75
Diagram 2
Component parts of a typical set of switches
76
RAILTRACK
Diagram 3
Component parts of a typical diamond crossing
Crossing Front Joint Splice Rail Acute Crossing Obtuse Wing Rail Knuckle Obtuse Point Rail Check Rail Flare
Crossing Heel
Point Rail Nose
Obtuse Crossing Check Rail
Blocks
Crossing Vee
Check Rail
Wing Rail
Nose
Acute Crossing
RAILTRACK
77
Diagram 4
Typical cross section through a brick tunnel
78
RAILTRACK
Diagram 5
Component parts of typical arch bridges
RAILTRACK
79
Diagram 6
Component parts of typical early wrought iron or steel underbridges
80
RAILTRACK
Diagram 7
Cross section of standard underbridge with box main girders and transverse ribbed floor
RAILTRACK
81
Diagram 8
Cross section of Type Z underbridge Cross section of Type C underbridge
82
RAILTRACK
Diagram 9
Component parts of Type E standard steel underbridge
RAILTRACK
83
Diagram 10 Comparison of Type A and Type Z steel underbridge decks
84
RAILTRACK
Diagram 11 Precast concrete arch unit overbridge (Conarch)
RAILTRACK
85
Appendix 3
RAILTRACK
Safety & Standards
To Controller (Track & Structures Unit) Railtrack PLC 2nd Floor Fitzroy House 355 Euston Road London NW1 3AG DX 119528 Euston 2 From
COMMENTS FORM GC/RC5603

Issue 1 Date November 1996
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I wish to suggest the following amendment(s) / addition(s) * to the Railtrack Code of Practice GC/RC5603 Standard Definitions of Civil Engineering Terms * Please delete as appropriate.
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RAILTRACK

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Code of Practice GC/RC5603 Issue 1 Date: November 1996